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Adventure Game

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"There has to be a more convoluted way, but how?"
— Strong Bad's Cool Game for Attractive People, Episode 3: Baddest of the Bands

A game genre characterized by puzzle-solving, exploration, and narrative, and a relative (or total) absence of any action or combat.

Adventure games are among the earliest video game genres. Their line descends from the original Colossal Cave game (also known colloquially as ADVENTURE), written by Will Crowther and Don Woods in the 1970s, based on the Mammoth Cave system in Kentucky, and its immediate successor, Dungeon, which was later marketed commercially as the Zork trilogy.

Adventure games remained one of the dominant genres throughout the 1980s until the mid-90s, as they tended to be far less demanding on computer resources than their action-oriented brethren. Sierra and LucasArts became the big players in graphical adventure games. Infocom, on the other hand, was the dominant force for textual adventure games, which they marketed as "Interactive Fiction", which has now become the term for that genre.

Most commenters claim that the Adventure genre is in its final death-throes, and has been for almost twenty years, since the original Interactive Fiction genre ceased to be a viable commercial entity. Adventure games are still produced and bought in approximately the same numbers as before, but that's a much smaller market share nowadays. However, elements of Adventure games have migrated into other genres, resulting in the highly successful Action-Adventure genre. In fact, due to the recession of "true" Adventure games on the commercial market, the Action-Adventure genre is sometimes just called the Adventure genre. This would be essentially where adventure-themed games such as the Uncharted series and especially Another World would go, as they are not considered adventure games due to their use of combat and eschewal of puzzles and story.

That's because, ironic to the name, Adventure Games are not about action, and as such, are not what non-gamers might think of as "adventures" in the way that adventure movies or books are often full of action, chases and danger. In fact, Adventure Games are some of the slowest-paced games around, being more focused on story, exploration, suspense, dialogue and puzzle-solving, leading to some criticism of the use of the word "adventure". The upside is that they may consume as many hours of play as a Wide-Open Sandbox, but with a script that leaves the player wondering "what happens next" if they can get past this obstacle. Compare, say, the adventures in the Indiana Jones movies to The Fate Of Atlantis, which feels like an extended roleplay of an Indiana Jones movie, and then to Uncharted, which feels like an arcade simulation of an Indiana Jones movie. The former is a Point-and-Click Adventure Game. The latter is an Action-Adventure. Two very different genres. Indeed, the term Action-Adventure has become so widely used and applied to so many different types of game that it has effectively become a blanket term for games that can't be easily classified under existing generic labels.

The genre has had a decent revival on the Nintendo DS starting with the ports of the Ace Attorney series, as its touchscreen allows for an ideal point-and-click interface, and the fanbase includes many older players who favour puzzle and problem-solving games. As well, smaller companies like Daedalic Entertainment, Deck13, Future Games, The Adventure Company and Telltale Games have done well in specializing in adventure games; indeed, the latter is known for their successful rehashings of external franchises (revitalizing the Sam & Max: Freelance Police franchise, beginning a new Monkey Island series, and then having a smash-hit with The Walking Dead), while the former is famed for their ingenious original games. And there is, of course, the whole Independent Adventure Games scene where small-time developers (often one-man teams) are able to keep themselves running by distributing their games to cult-followings.

In the mid 2010s the interest in the classic adventure game has been on the raise, following Tim Schafer and his studio Double Fine very successful crowdfunding campaign through Kickstarter for a "classic point-and-click adventure." Inspired by this, many of the golden oldies developers for the genre, including much of the old guard of Sierra On-Line, has reunited under new banners and launched their own successful campaigns for either remakes, Spiritual Successors, or in some cases straight-up sequels for their old series. This in turn has led to actual reboots of old franchises, and more Indy games based on the genre.

Because Adventure Games are story-based, what they lack in body-count they can make up for with suspense. Indeed, the primary death toll in such a game is You. The typical Adventure Game is framed around an elaborate, even novelistic plot which the player must proceed through by trying to get information out of non-player characters and collect any items you come across that May Help You On Your Quest. (These are all Adventure Game tropes, by the way.)

In addition to their own peculiar tropes, Adventure Games, perhaps more than any other video game genre, borrow from the tropes of television and film media.

There are five major "schools":

Interactive Fiction:

Interactive Fiction is usually defined as an adventure game which is primarily textual (though there is much debate over the exact scope of the term; some think it should refer only to purely textual games, while others, preferring to take the words "interactive" and "fiction" literally, think the term should encompass a superset of those games typically called "Adventure". The term text adventure is less ambiguous, but also less popular). For instance, MUDs and other text games are based on RPG principles, and thus fall outside the category. More than any other school of Adventure (and, indeed, more than most other videogame genres), Interactive Fiction has a large hobbyist community, with as many as a hundred new games produced each year. Examples: Zork, A Mind Forever Voyaging, Jigsaw, and Photopia.

Graphical Adventure:

Sometimes called "2D" or "point-and-click", is the format used for most graphical games of the golden age. Somewhat similar to a Platform Game visually, these use pre-drawn backgrounds, with limited animation, often using watercolors, although pre-1992 graphics were cartoonish in style. The playfields actually are three-dimensional, viewed from a fixed perspective. These games are rendered in the third person, with the player character's Digital Avatar as a sprite in the world. Aficionados often further break this genre down by the style of the user interface. Three popular styles include the "icon bar" (which has a button bar of possible actions above or below the main viewport), the "verb list" (where a list of actions relevant to the current scene appears below the viewport), and the "verb coin" (where possible actions upon a specific object appeared, usually laid out radially around the object when clicked — see The Sims for a modern version). Earlier games were often assisted by a Text Parser, while later ones often removed the notion of "verbs" altogether, reducing a click on an object to "do the obvious thing to this object". Beside by interface, the games are sometimes sorted by graphic display standard, EGA and VGA. With the later supporting more mouse controls. Indeed, some early EGA titles were later remade for the VGA format. Examples: King's Quest, Monkey Island, Gabriel Knight, and Ozzie And The Quantum Playwrite.

Pre-rendered First Person Adventure:

Also called Myst-clones or 2½D, present pre-rendered 3D environments from a first-person perspective. Early examples tended to have the feel of interactive slideshows (this is a fair comparison: Myst was originally created on an early Macintosh slideshow program called HyperCard). Later games in this genre employed pre-rendered panoramic images (often using Quicktime VR) instead of 2d slides. Emphasis usually moved away from inventory management and toward "set-piece" puzzles involving the manipulation of a piece of machinery. The use of Full Motion Video in cutscenes became common for a time. Examples: The Journeyman Project, Myst, Shivers (1995), Zork: Grand Inquisitor, and Nancy Drew.

Interactive Movie Games:

Games which incorporate substantial or exclusive use of Full Motion Video and photorealistic images. While this seemed like a natural pairing, the added cost of filming a movie on top of making a videogame meant that a lot of time one was watching a poorly acted, poorly shot movie. Furthermore storage space at the time while increasing was a concern so those movies were often heavily compressed and interlace. Rigid scene structure and the underlying technology also often meant interactivity was minimal. By the time that it was feasible to do such games properly, the whole notion had left a bad taste in players' mouths. Examples: Phantasmagoria, Gabriel Knight 2, and The X-Files Game. Other examples of this are the 1998 Visual Novel Yarudora series, the 1998 Dancing Blade: Katte ni Momotenshi! series by Konami, and the 2005 Dating Sim School Days and its sequel Summer Days, which are essentially branching anime movies, and Fahrenheit/Indigo Prophecy, which even features interactive action scenes through Quick Time Events.

One notable failed Interactive Movie was Any River Entertainment's A Fork in the Tale. Reviewed by PC Gamer, the magazine was quick to point out the low production values, relative lack of interactivity, and the game's incomprehensible storyline. Any River shut down shortly before the game's release. This format was one of the first kind of adventure game to have many titles on consoles. Particularly early CD-based consoles where the sudden increase in storage space from cartridges meant movie could be easily compressed and the controls were simple. Some even made their way to DVD players, where the simple controls made them relatively easily playable.

3D Adventure Games

Fully 3D Adventure Games are rare, but the Action-Adventure game format has become increasingly common. Fully 3D pure-Adventure games include Gabriel Knight 3 and Grim Fandango. Many of the older franchises tried the jump to 3D in the late 90s and 2000s with generally little success. The added development costs meeting stagnating or degrading sales caused the end of many a celebrated franchise. Furthermore like most genre, Adventure games of the era had to learn how to use the new medium well, dealing with issues that plague other genres like figuring camera controls. With the growth of Action-Adventure genre, many of the old franchises also went with Actionized Sequels, leading to games (such as King's Quest: Mask of Eternity and Quest for Glory V) who not only had to juggle the transition to 3D but also whole new action mechanics, often leading to unpopular results.

In the late 2000s and early 2010s a new sub-genre of 3D adventure games emerged, so-called Environmental Narrative Games (Sometimes colloquially called Walking Simulators, an originally derisive term that has become more neutral towards the late 2010s). These games retain the emphasis on storytelling and exploration commonly associated with adventure games as a whole, but tend to be extremely minimalist in their presentation and game mechanics, and often avoid puzzles or challenges of any kind.

Also worth mentioning are Interactive Comics, a type of adventure game-styled serial Webcomics where the characters' actions are chosen by the readers, who are encouraged to decide what happens next "turn" by writing suggestions in a specific comic format reminiscent of interactive fiction games. Live interaction with the writer/artist/moderator results in extinction of the dreaded "You can't use those two objects together" response (except when it's clearly meant to be a parody of the trope). The Trope Codifier in this regard is MS Paint Adventures. See the Interactive Comic page for more information and a list of such works.

See also Visual Novel.

Adventure games:
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Alternative Title(s): Adventure Games

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