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"'Ever'body says words different,' said Ivy. 'Arkansas folks says 'em different from Oklahomy folks says 'em different. And we seen a lady from Massachusetts, an' she said 'em differentest of all.'"

As anyone with even a basic knowledge of the United States of America can tell you, there is no such thing as a single "American accent." The country's vast size and many historical/cultural influences has led to a great number of regional accents, each with its own speech patterns and distinct stereotypes.

Of course, this linguistic mosaic does not apply evenly across the country. Dialect maps of the United States will generally show a much greater diversity of accents in the east, which gradually merge into a more generic mass as one travels further west. This is because many immigrants - especially Europeans - arrived in the east, bringing their own languages (e.g. Dutch in New York and Rhenish German and Welsh in Pennsylvania) and accents (e.g. Norfolk and Suffolk in New England, South-Eastern in Virginia, Midlands and Welsh in Pennsylvania) with them. As these European groups migrated west, their distinctive accents began to blend together as settlements became smaller and fewer people speaking the same dialect were living in the same place.

Speaking of Europe, much has been written about how regional dialects there are dying out, since they are no longer commonly taught in schools and people tend to relocate across regions more frequently, causing a "generic" mode of speech to dominate. The United States is no different: Many Americans born in the 1970's and later are less likely to have as strong a regional accent as their parents and grandparents, since the younger generations tend to relocate more often, watch more television as children, and have friends from other regions, causing American accents to average out. As a result, the Standard Midwestern "Flat" accent has become the most common by far. Many people don't even know that Pittsburgh and Philadelphia have their own distinct accents unless they're from those cities. That isn't to say that accents are gone though, and people from historically distinctly-accented regions will often still pronounce certain words differently from the Standard accent; the differences are just far less pronounced.

See also American Accent Influences for more technical details. Compare Australian Accent, British Accents, Canadian Accents, German Dialects, Irish Accents, and Japanese Dialects. For those more interested in vocabulary than articulation, there's the handy American English page.

The most often attempted (and most frequently horribly failed) regional accent is the "Dixie" accent.


Accents and examples

Southeast and Dixie
Most famous of the accents found in the American Southeast (south of the Mason-Dixon line, hence the name Dixie). Specifically, south of the Potomac River. "Y'all" and "all y'all" as second-person plural pronouns, pronouncing the "i" in "mine" like "ah", and phrases such as "I do declare" (three syllables on that last word), "be sweet" (four syllables) and the mild expletive "sheeeeooooo!". Think Gone with the Wind.

In truth, only really found in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, northern Louisiana, and West Tennessee anymore, as the Florida version of the accent has flattened out due to the influx of northerners; Virginia has Tidewater and the Carolinas have their own regional accents distinct from Dixie; the distinct Appalachian dialect is spoken in East Tennessee and eastern Kentucky; and the equally distinct Southern Midland dialect is heard in Middle Tennessee and most of Kentucky. Anyone who lives in the South can tell you there are dozens of highly-distinct different Southern accents (for instance, a native of Augusta, Jar-ja won't be mistaken for somebody from Savannah, Joe-ja or some other part Jaw-ja or Jurja), but most of the rest of the country really doesn't care. The way it's usually depicted in fiction is a bit of a Dead Unicorn Trope — almost no one speaks like Scarlett O'Hara anywhere in the South. In general, the closer you get to the Mississippi River, the slower-paced and more treacly (and lower-class) the accent becomes. People in Memphis and northern Mississippi often have the accent bahyud. People in the Atlanta area have a very neutral take on this accent. Further confusing matters is that even in the same area, members of different social classes can speak with decidedly different, but all local, accents.

Stereotype: the polite and courteous Southern Gentleman, or Southern Belle. Or Senator Beauregard Claghorn (inspiration for Foghorn Leghorn). Or, in modern contexts, a lady wearing "Daisy-Dukes", cut-off denim shorts that border on the illegal. (It's over 70 degrees there for most of the year...). Played to the other extreme, Sweet Home Alabama. The Southern-Fried Private and Southern-Fried Genius will most likely have this accent as well. The slower "Delta" version of the accent is more commonly associated with redneck trailer trash from "MAYUMfeeis Tennussay" (if urban) or some boggy, mosquito-ridden country hellhole (if rural), shotguns ("shaawt-goouns") and racism optional, education almost non-existent.

Examples:

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    Comic Books 
  • Rogue from X-Men, so much it gets to look kinda like a caricature sometimes.
  • Veronica from Archie Comics was given a southern accent in adaptations, going all the way back to the Archie radio show from the 1940's and carrying through multiple animated adaptations, until The New Archies.

    Film 
  • In Cocaine Bear a good chunk of the characters speak with southern accents, due to the film being set in Georgia.
  • Dan Aykroyd adopts an atrocious one in Driving Miss Daisy.
  • In The Faculty, Canadian actress Laura Harris, whose character is from Atlanta, puts on a ridiculously over-the-top Georgia accent. Fridge Brilliance sets in after The Reveal that she's really an alien, meaning that her accent was fake in-universe as well.
  • Actress Evelyn Keyes worked hard to rid herself of the accent she had from being raised in Georgia. She needed to bring it back in all its glory when she got the part of Suellen O'Hara in Gone with the Wind.
  • The trailer guy and his mom from Monsters, Inc.. "Mama, another gator [Randall] got in the house!" "Not the gator! Gimme that shovel!"
  • Charlotte "Lottie" LaBouff from The Princess and the Frog has a very thick Southern accent given the fact that she is a born and raised native of New Orleans.

    Live-Action TV 
  • A real life example: Darrell "Shifty" Powers, the friendly and gentle sniper from Easy Company in Band of Brothers.
  • Intern Finn Abernathy, the Southern-Fried Genius on Bones. Included a nice What the Hell, Hero? when Hodgins kept teasing him over it.
  • On The Closer, Kyra Sedgwick (who's from Manhattan) plays a Southern-Fried Genius with a Dixie accent.
  • Stephen Colbert, a native of South Carolina, is a bit of a subversion: he worked hard at masking his accent while growing up (due to the portrayal of Southerners in the media at the time), though some Southern pronunciation still peeks through the cracks of his studied Newscaster from time to time on his show.
  • Ainsley Hayes from The West Wing, the Trope Namer for the Blonde Republican Sex Kitten, is another Southern-Fried Genius with appropriate Dixie accent. Actress Emily Procter is a native of North Carolina.
  • Dr. Leonard McCoy of Star Trek: The Original Series. Increases in strength when he's mad.
  • CSI: NY Jo Danville. (it helps that Sela Ward is from Mississippi)
  • House of Cards' Frank Underwood is from Gaffney, South Carolina; Kevin Spacey does a pretty good job for a Californian who lives in England, although he screws up the pronunciation of "o" and has a slightly archaic accent (it displays some characteristics of a Southerner a good 20-30 years older than he is).
  • Law & Order: Special Victims Unit: Amanda Rollins, though it's less pronounced than other examples. She's from Georgia, as is her her actress.
  • Part of Jack McBrayer's appeal with his role as Kenneth Parcell on 30 Rock is his aw-shucks Georgia accent.
  • Talk show host Sammy Maudlin affects a faint version on SCTV. Most of the time, anyway; sometimes one can hear Pittsburgh native Joe Flaherty's natural accent bleeding through.
  • On Good Eats, Alton visits a family in the Deep South, and gets himself into deep trouble with them because he stated that grits and polenta are the same. The family instantly switches from "Southern Hospitality" to hostility, and question where he's from. When he tells them he's from Georgia, they don't believe him because he doesn't have an accent like they do. He tries to explain that he had to train himself to lose his accent for television, but they won't accept that.
  • On The Walking Dead, most of the diverse cast does a remarkably good job compared to the usual poor Hollywood attempt, especially the English Andrew Lincoln, whose diction is not only "Southern" but identifiably north Georgia/southeast Tennessee. Credit a good dialect coach, as well as filming on location and thus surrounding the cast with real-life examples.
  • In The Office (US), episode "Murder", the office are roped into a murder-mystery role-playing game. The game is set in Savannah, Georgia, so most of the players (who all live in Scranton, Pennsylvania) attempt a Dixie accent. They fail miserably, despite half-assed coaching from aspiring actor Andy.
    Ryan: You don't have to keep saying "I do declare". Anytime you say something it means you're declaring.
    Michael: That is the way Southern people talk.
    Jim: And what Designing Woman are you basing that on?
    Michael: Delta Burke, I do declare.
  • Christopher LaSalle of NCIS: New Orleans has a very strong Alabama accent. This is in fact the natural speaking voice of his actor Lucas Black, a real-life 'Bama Boy.

    Music 

    Video Games 
  • StarCraft has the Terrans. Almost all of the units have strong accents, the strongest include Duke, the Civilian and the Wraith, though it often crosses into Texas Drawl as well.
  • The Children of the Dawnstars are a faction of second generation Dyrwoodian emigrants in Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire who use this accent (first generation Dyrwoodians like Éder mostly use a Texan drawl). Party member Xoti is a priestess of Gaun, but talks like a preacher's daughter from Alabama.

    Web Original 
  • Checkmate, Lincolnites!: Johnny Reb speaks with a strong, pronounced Dixie drawl which can be narrowed down to somewhere in "Vuh-genia". This is likely intentional, as he's a defender of the Lost Cause and Richmond, Virginia was the capital of the Confederate States of America.
  • Lindsay Ellis, having grown up in Tennessee but moved to New York when she was older, has traces of this accent whenever she talks. When her mother appears in her documentary The A Word, she's shown having this accent.
  • Yahtzee and Gabriel occasionally (and abominably!) imitated the Dixie variant to joke about the farmers in 'Let's Drown Out Harvest Moon' and 'Let's Drown Out Oregon Trail', he even changed his name 'Yahrtzee' in the latter to keep it in the Western theme, though Gabriel expressed slight disappointment that Yahtzee did not spell his name as 'Garbriel'.
  • CinnamonToastKen, PewDiePie's friend, has this accent.
  • SSundee has this too.
  • In The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, Lizzie affects an exaggerated version of this accent when imitating her mother. As of the last scene in the finale, it's Mrs Bennett's actual accent.
  • Averted in the It's a Southern Thing videos; viewers often criticize the main actor and actress for not having Southern accents. Adam Schwartz and Talia Lin were both born and raised in Birmingham, Alabama. Lampshaded in one of the videos, where someone asks Talia why she doesn't "sound" Southern, but later her drawl comes out when she's upset.
  • Whateley Universe: Southern Belles Loophole (a Southern-fried Gadgeteer Genius) and Dr. Caduceus (the head of the medical staff as well a Magical Arts professor) are both written with a Funetik Aksent some of the time, as both are from the Atlanta region. This is despite the fact that very few other characters are written this way, even when they are described as having a heavy accent (whether regional or foreign). However, some care is given to the differences in describing regional accents, at least by some of the writers; for example, it has been mentioned that 'Shine (from the Appalachian region of Tennessee) and Reach (from Memphis) have different accents, while Bladedancer says that neither of them match the one she grew up with in Knoxville, either (though due to her Upgrade Artifact, she now speaks with a 3rd century AD Northern Chinese accent). Similarly, Oiler and Fantastico, from different parts of Texas, sound noticeably different from each other as well. Finally, some students from elsewhere have been confused by Tidewater's accent - despite it being right there in his Code Name - as that specific Virginia regional accent isn't well known today.

    Western Animation 
  • Perfect example of how the nuances of the Dixie accents don't get across to non-Americans: the character Mouse from ReBoot has an inexplicable "Southern-ish" accent that doesn't quite sound like it's from anywhere in particular, but is probably closer to Texan than anything else. Not surprising, given that the show was produced in Canada.
  • Lola Bunny spoke in a supposedly sultry variation of this when Kath Soucie originally voiced her for her debut in Space Jam.
  • Sonic the Hedgehog (SatAM): Bunnie Rabbot, which carried over into the Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics) series.
  • Tree Trunks from Adventure Time has a very thick and strong southern accent.
  • The Tex Avery shorts feature a recurring wolf who speaks with both the Dixie accent and the accompanying colorful vernacular "Well, ain't that right purrty?"
  • Foghorn Leghorn, based on Senator Beauregard Claghorn, has a reasonable 1940s version, especially considering Mel Blanc was from California.

    Real Life 
  • Georgia native Jeff Foxworthy often jokes about his own accent, in keeping with his trademark Deep South humor.
  • Larry the Cable Guy subverts this, being born in Nebraska (where he now resides) and attending high school in West Palm Beach, FL; he spent part of his college education at Baptist University of America in Decatur, GA before dropping out in his junior year to pursue a career in stand-up comedy, later concluding his college education at the University of Nebraska. According to Word of God, he affects the Southern accent when in-character because he finds it more comfortable and associates more with Southern life.
  • Fox News anchor Shepard "Shep" Smith (of Studio B and Shepard Smith Reporting) has a classic Mississippi twang.
  • Channing Tatum is an Alabama native and his Dixie accent is noticeable at times in interviews and on the big screen.

Florida
Originally a form of Dixie, the main Florida accent has been neutralized due to migration from the Northern states and from Latin America. Dixie still persists, mainly among older natives and in the northern part of the state. The current accent resembles Midwestern or West Coast English, but Floridians are also just as likely to use the accent prevalent in the state in which they were born (Jewish, Noo Yawk, and Inland North are all heard — a local maxim is that the further south you go in the state, the more northern it becomes.) One way to distinguish a true Florida accent is to hear the pronunciation of Florida: A Floridian will say "FLOOR-ih-duh" where a Dixie accent would say "FLAR-duh". The state citrus fruit is also notably a monosyllabic "oarnj", rather than "ahr-unge". Florida accents can extend into the Gulf Coast areas of Mississippi and Alabama.

Stereotype: While the accent itself is fairly neutral and unstigmatized, Floridians have a reputation of being eccentric Cloudcuckoolanders, and will speak this accent in fiction, when not using Dixie.

Examples:

    Music 
  • Tom Petty. Depending on context, Tom went from Standard American with a slight accent to a full on North/Central Floridian drawl. Listen to the opening of "Refugee" or the entirety of "The Best of Everything" to hear him at his thickest. In the BBC documentary "Runnin' Down a Dream" you can hear how he code-switched between different interview segments.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Dexter doesn't normally have one, but he sometimes fakes one when he's pretending to be someone else.

Miami
A subset of Florida, this accent is influenced by the large Spanish-speaking (mainly Cuban) population in Miami. Vowels are shortened and sometimes replaced with their Spanish equivalents. Miamians speak faster than most other Floridians, reflecting the influence of the fast pace of Cuban Spanish. Pitch and emphasis are also affected. This accent is fairly recent, only having appeared in the last 50 years. The Miami accent is distinct from Spanish-accented English, as even non-Cubanos may have it.

Stereotype: Used by Latin Lovers, tanned bikini-clad women at the beach, and Cuban-Americans.

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 
  • Constantly in Burn Notice with minor characters. Considering that the series is set and shot in Miami, with many bit players being locals, this shouldn't surprise anyone.
  • Miguel from Dexter has this accent. Angel Batista's accent is this combined with Elmuh Fudd Syndwome.

Appalachian
A subset and exaggeration of Southeast accents, laced with more archaic and/or idiosyncratic usages. Used for remote parts of Appalachia and other isolated southern locales, such as the Ozarks. Dixie accents are slow and sugary, like molasses; true mountain accents are more "musical", like a tightly wound banjo string. Chicago and Baltimore used to have urban Appalachian ghettoes (Baltimore's accent, listed below, still bears some similarities).

Due to the former isolation of some regions of the Appalachian South, the Appalachian accent may be difficult for some outsiders to understand. This dialect is also rhotic, meaning speakers pronounce "R"s wherever they appear in words, and sometimes when they do not (for example "woarsh" for "wash".) Because of the extensive length of the mountain chain, noticeable variation also exists within this subdialect.

The Appalachian dialect can be heard, as its name implies, in the Appalachian Mountain region of Northern Georgia, North Alabama, East and Middle Tennessee, Western North Carolina, Eastern Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Western Maryland, Southeast Ohio, Southwest Pennsylvania, and all of West Virginia. The Ozark regions of Southern Missouri, Eastern Oklahoma, Northern and Western Arkansas have a slightly different variation of this.

A common saying about Appalachian English is that it preserves the "Shakespearian" English which has been lost in most other regions. Others point to a Scots-Irish origin for the dialect. The truth is that it is probably most accurately a "time portal" of sorts to Colonial American English, with several features of southern English origin that were common at the time (perhaps most notably, a-prefixing, such as "I'm a-going," etc). The Scots-Irish influence is mainly on vocabulary. In some parts of the mountains—specifically Pennsylvania—a German influence can also be detected. Appalachian English, unlike its lowland cousins which affected an "r-less" speech in imitation of the British upper classes, remains a strongly rhotic dialect.

Stereotype: Uneducated, dirt-poor, overall-clad rednecks with one or two close cousins in the genetic mix, and probably missing a few teeth. May be distilling moonshine or growing marijuana (be it in the fields or in a pot on their front porch). Sometimes stereotyped as being on/addicted to Methamphetamines and/or painkillers, but this is a very recent stereotype. On the positive side, they can come off as laid back and down-to-earth, with practical skills that may or may not make up for their lack of academic knowledge. They might also be talented musicians, but only on specific instruments such as banjos or guitars.

Examples:

    Fan Fiction 
  • In Martialartfruituser's live read for The Elements of Harmony and the Savior of Worlds, Megan, Danny, Molly and the G1 Applejack were given Southern accents which they didn't have in the original cartoon. Speaking in a similar dialect as the Apple family. Megan's husband Mike and daughters Danielle and Michelle were given the accent as well. Likely justified as the humans live in Kentucky. Martialartfruituser was inspired by this fanart, and he's from the South himself. The accent compliments Megan's usual cowgirl attire.

    Film 
  • Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs not only has this accent, she tries to hide it; it's the topic of the original Hannibal Lecture. ("...not more than one generation from poor white trash...").
  • The best place to hear it is bluegrass music; see O Brother, Where Art Thou?.
  • Lt. Aldo Raine.
  • In Nell, part of the reason Nell's speech was misunderstood was her heavy North Carolina accent. A lot of Nell is about mistaken assumptions based on preconceived notions. Speech pathologists listening to tapes of Nell thought she was saying "me" when in fact she was addressing the spirit of her dead sister, May.
  • Tow Mater from Cars speaks with a pretty thick southern accent, including saying common southern phrases such as "dadgum" and "shoot".

    Literature 
  • Mary Bubnik of Bad News Ballet is stated to have a Oklahoman accent, but it's often just described as "southern."

    Live-Action TV 
  • In Hannah Montana, Miley Cyrus' character Miley Stewart normally speaks in a Midwestern accent that she developed — in real life as well as the show — soon after moving to California. However, Miley often unconsciously reverts to her natural Tennessee accent, and this is sometimes deliberately exaggerated for comedic value. Understandably, because like her character she spent her early life in Tennessee, Miley Cyrus also exhibits this behavior in real-world interviews and such.
  • Sawyer from Lost, a Tennessee native. (Josh Holloway is from Georgia, and the writers liked his audition so much that they decided to make Sawyer a Deep South type)
  • The Andy Griffith Show had it from time to time, mostly with the mountain man-type characters; justified since Mayberry, North Carolina is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. note  Barney Fife had a less obtrusive version of this dialect (Don Knotts, who played Fife, was a native of West Virginia). For the rest of the main cast, see Tidewater.

    Radio 
  • Lum and Abner is a good example of the Ozark version of this accent.

    Video Games 
  • T.K. Baha and especially Scooter in Borderlands.
  • The sequel reveals that Scooter, Ellie and Moxxi were formerly part of the Hodunk clan, a family of rednecks who all have speak with this accent. Moxxi generally hides her accent, though she occasionally lets it slip through.
  • Larson from Tomb Raider has a hillbilly accent and it becomes more exaggerated in Tomb Raider Chronicles. Tomb Raider: Anniversary changes Larson's accent to be more Texan.

    Web Animation 

    Western Animation 
  • Boomhauer is a legendary example from King of the Hill. It's based off of the accent of an angry caller to Mike Judge while working on Beavis And Butthead.
  • Applejack from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic has been generally identified as having this accent, and it's likely what they were going for. Then again, she has a Texas motif and the show is produced in Canada so maybe were going for "anything Southern" and the VA came up with the Appalachian type.
  • Fuzzy Lumpkins from The Powerpuff Girls
  • Cletus and Brandine Spuckler from The Simpsons are from some unspecified Appalachian community, with a redneck/hillbilly accent, living in a dirt-poor shack, with numerous children (and growing), with such hobbies as wood-carving, searching for roadkill, scavenging through garbage, while brewing moonshine on the side.

    Real Life 
  • Former US President Bill Clinton. Before his sex scandals, the most common stereotype of Clinton was of a saxophone-playing Good Ol' Boy; the more Flanderized versions of his accent often sounded like "muh felluh 'Muricans".
  • West Virginia native Brad Dourif is an acclaimed actor who can do just about any accent and is fluent in a half-dozen languages. His natural accent can charitably described as "hillbilly", and people have (upon hearing it) told him to knock off the silly redneck impression.

Piedmont
This accent of the Southern American English accent is found in North Carolina and Virginia. A contributor to 'Newscaster English' because several prominent early TV and radio journalists had this accent: David Brinkley, Charles Kuralt, and Edward R. Murrow, in particular.

Hoi Toider
The only accent in the US not considered an American Accent, but a British accent instead. Spoken only on the island of Ocracoke in North Carolina. The island's population was founded by pardoned pirates in the early 1700s, and remained mostly isolated until the 1950s, when regular ferry service was established. It's most distinctive feature is 'oi' replacing a long-'i' sound, giving the dialect its name: "high tide" is pronounced "hoi toide" in a way similar to how it is pronounced in parts of southwestern England even today. Usages such as "weren't" in the place of "wasn't" ("she weren't here") and "to" for "at" ("she's to the store now") also mark Hoi Toider speech and appear to have come from eastern England. The word "mommick," meaning to harass or bother, which was used in the time of Shakespeare, remains in the Outer Banks lexicon thanks to the Hoi Toiders. "Dingbatters" are non-natives. The dialect is fading nowadays due to influence from the rest of the country through Television, the internet, and "dingbatters" buying homes on the island.

Gullah
Also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee, Gullah is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees" within the community), an African-American population living in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia (including urban Charleston and Savannah), as well as northeasternmost Florida. Gullah is based on different varieties of English and different languages of West and Central Africa.

The vocabulary of Gullah comes primarily from English, but there are numerous words of African origin for which scholars have yet to produce detailed etymologies. Some of these African loanwords are: cootuh ("turtle"), oonuh ("you [plural]"), nyam ("eat"), buckruh ("white man"), pojo ("heron"), swonguh ("proud") and benne ("sesame").

The most famous Gullah speaker is probably U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, though his accent doesn't show much in his normal speech (not that he speaks much to begin with).

Examples

     Live-Action Television 
  • The Nickelodeon television show Gullah Gullah Island, fondly remembered by many 90's children, features a Gullah family and their large, anthropomorphic yellow polliwog, Binyah Binyah. Co-creators Ron Daise and his wife, Natalie, have their roots in Gullah culture and were already educators on the subject when approached about making a children's show about it.

South Midland
The South Midland dialect, a cousin to North Midland and to Southern, is an accent heard in Middle Tennessee and most of Kentucky. This accent is also found in northern Oklahoma, eastern and central Kansas, Missouri generally, the southern halves of Illinois and Indiana, southern Ohio, western Delaware, and south-central Pennsylvania. is documented as sharing key features with Southern American English, albeit to a weaker extent.

Examples

    Video Games 

Texas
Michael Caine, when learning the Texan accent, characterized it as "all the words just leanin' up ag'inst one another." Related to, but distinctly different from, Cowpoke and Dixie, although the three are often treated as interchangeable in live media. This accent is noted for its fluid-but-guttural sound, mixing archaic words and syntax with a utilitarian but oddly poetic approach to pronunciation, creating one of the more complicated American accents.

Includes ubiquitous use of "y'all" and "all y'all", note , and other unique phrases such as "might could" for "might be able/be willing to" and "might should" for "might want/need to" (an example of something linguists call modal stacking), "fixin' to" for "about to", "gonna'"note  for "going to", and "cain't" for "can't". The contraction "I've" is almost always followed by the word "got", while the full phrase "I have" may or may not be. Thus, a Texan may say "I've got a dog and a cat" or "I have a dog and a cat", but will never say "I've a dog and a cat" when talking about their pets. This is also true when the word "have" is being used to mean "must", as in "I have got to get to the store after work today; I'm out of milk."note  Syllepsisnote , Anacoluthonnote , spur of the moment analogies, and hyperbole are also common speech patterns.

An additional facet often left out of Hollywood portrayals (other than the Simple Country Lawyer or Fat, Sweaty Southerner in a White Suit) is that many words considered formal, archaic or obscure in mainstream English are common in the Texas Drawl dialect. (Just to name a few: reckon, heretofore, hence, thus, and yonder all see everyday use.) This paired with the archaic, stacked syntax frequently leads to some Sophisticated as Hell dissonance for those not familiar with hearing this sort of speech conversationally outside of a renaissance fair, let alone in a Texan accent.

The easiest distinction from Dixie, though, is the accent's namesake "Drawl": a tendency to soften and gutturalize the syllables of words while exaggerating vowel sounds. With verbs, for instance, an "-ing" ending often becomes "-in'"note . The word "and" may be shortened to "an'" or just "'n'" (as in the phrase, "It's just you 'n' me now."note ). This principle might extend to the point of excluding entire syllables: "Pontiac" becomes "Ponniac". Another good distinction is the tendency to soften hard vowel sounds to a greater extent than Dixie. "Want" becomes "wunt," for instance, and "what" may become "whut" (which sounds like a Flat "What" to other accents, often giving the impression Texans are slow-witted and setting up the surprise for a Southern-Fried Genius). Also, while many Dixie speakers dance around the "r" sound, ("Why, I do declay-ah!") "r" is often pronounced very gutturally in a Texas Accent. ("I d'clur!") When it's particularly strong, "isn't" may become "iddn't", "int", or substituted with the more fluid "ain't", which sounds nearly identical in a Texas Drawl.

One side effect of the fluid, back-of-the-throat pronunciaton of a Texan accent is the tendency to seemingly rearrange or invent syllables in certain words. Many hearing even a well-educated Texan pronounce the word "New-cue-lar" are baffled, but this not as strange as it might seem. Many common words with hard consonantal stops receive an added vowel syllable to smooth the pronunciation, while also dropping hard syllables as normal, seemingly shuffling the word's letters. For instance, partner often becomes "pard-un-nur", "tentative" becomes "ten-at-tive", and "comfortable" becomes "comf-tur-bull". Many native speakers of the accent don't notice the mismatch between nu-klee-are and nu-cue-lur until they have it pointed out to them, and afterward self-consciously fumble with pronunciations such as "new-CLAY-ur" and "NUKE-lea-UR" for a while before falling back into the less awkward habitual pronunciation until it's pointed out again. Much was made in the media of George W. Bush using this pronunciation, with hardly a thought given to the fact that nuclear physicists from Texas will say it the exact same way.

The final piece in the complex tangle is that while all of this slurring and shuffling of words may sound funny to others, there is a bizarre precision to the accent rivaling that of Received English. Beneath the phonetic acrobatics (or maybe because of them) a large number of phonemes that have merged in most English dialects are not homophones in a Texan Accent. Dew & Do, horse & hoarse, wader and waiter, and wine & whine all receive subtly distinct pronunciations. Much like the shuffling of "nuclear", a Texan with a heavy drawl will simply take it for granted that clear and deer are a mildly Painful Rhyme, and that Bazaar has two different forms of "a"...its just that neither of those "a"s will sound much like an "a" to non-Texan.

It should be especially noted that there is no one "Texas" accent, given the size and diversity of the state. People on the Gulf Coast and in East Texas may synthesize Cajun and Dixie accents, some dip into a Cowboy accent, and Latino Texans have their own distinct speech patterns. West Texans tend to to speak with a Southwestern "twang", rather than a Texan drawl. In this vein, the city accents also are different. Some Houstonians speak with an odd hybrid of a Texas and "That Other Mid Atlantic" accent, while Dallas natives tend a more neutral Midwestern affect. All tend to be more "neutral" when compared to someone from more rural areas like Nacogdoches or Beaumont. What unifies the many variants, however, is that strange combination of precise, fluid, and gutteral pronunciation.

Stereotypes: Everyone is armed. Remembers the Alamo! Women with big hair and men in cowboy hats and boots. Fond of eating Tex-Mex and BBQ. May consider "American" to be a secondary nationalitynote . Typically portrayed as salt-of-the earth working folks or oil-rich elite; however in recent years the presence of NASA's primary research center and mission control in Houston, a booming high-tech hardware and software industry, and the popularity of Steampunk, Cattle Punk, and Weird West fiction has been recasting Texas as the home of both the Southern-Fried Genius and Badass Longcoat.

Examples:

    Anime and Manga 
  • Osaka in ADV Films' English dub of Azumanga Daioh has a thick Texan accent, as a way to adapt her original Kansai accent. Her accent is specifically derived from the Houston area; ADV's translation notes explain that it correlates to Osaka both as a major commercial center and as a stereotypical "hick town". This carries over to later translations of the manga as well.
  • Likewise, Daphne from the Funimation dub of Fairy Tail has a thick (albeit fake) Southern twang, which she drops when she's being serious. Combine this with how she speaks a mile a minute, and you can barely understand half of what she's saying half the time.

    Film 

    Literature 
  • In The Expanse, people from the Mariner Valley on Mars (including Alex Kamal, one of the main characters) all have this. While there were some Texans among the settlers, most were Chinese or Indian. Apparently, the drawl is contagious.

    Live-Action TV 

    Music 

    Pinball 
  • Buck the cowboy from Diner talks with a stereotypical Texas drawl.

    Professional Wrestling 
  • WWE wrestler John "Bradshaw" Layfield was a stock market wizard rather than an oil billionaire, but had the accent and otherwise fit the stereotype very well (right down to the white limousine with longhorns on the hood).
  • "Stone Cold" Steve Austin is a more blue-collar example.

    Theatre 
  • In The Most Happy Fella, Herman and Cleo are supposedly able to recognize each other as being from Dallas by the way they pronounce "evenin', Ma'am," "friendly state," "Neiman Marcus" and "crazy crystals."

    Video Games 

    Western Animation 
  • If her accent doesn't make it clear enough, Sandy Cheeks from Spongebob Squarepants is a proud Texas squirrel. Her greatest Berserk Button is making fun of Texas, and she will kill any offender deader than dead.
    "Don't you dare take the name of Texas in vain!"
  • Most characters in King of the Hill have a rather strong drawl, since much is made of the Texas setting. The exception is Boomhauer, whose rapid-fire diction is certainly not a drawl and is more of a "hillbilly" accent.

Cajun
A further subset of Dixie and Hillbilly, localized to the southern half of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. This accent is thick and, due to its mish-mash of French and English idioms, difficult, ah gah-ron-tee. The degree of difficulty in properly affecting this accent makes it an uncommon occurrence on shows. In reality, what many shows depict as a Cajun accent is a New Orleans accent (see Yat below), or even sometimes a Northern Louisiana accent (which is much closer to those of East Texas/Arkansas/Mississippi). To a Cajun, the distinction is important - the North is closer culturally to the bordering states, while there are geographical (read: the Atchafalaya Swamp between Lafayette and Baton Rouge) and historical (often class-based) differences with New Orleans despite the common French influence.

Stereotype: Insular. If they don't know your grandfather by name and reputation, you are most likely an enemy or "Gub'ment", whichever is worse. The stereotype takes a 180 for The West Wing/CNN/Daily Show set, whose primary source of Cajun accents is the famously Cajun, famously bald, Democratic political wizard James Carville.

Examples:

    open/close all folders 

    Comic Books 

    Film 
  • In The Green Mile, Eduard Delacroix (played by Michael Jeter) has a Cajun accent thick enough that it can be incomprehensible at times.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Rene from True Blood fakes a Cajun accent.
  • Eugene Roe, the softspoken medic from Band of Brothers. He's only half Cajun though.
  • Snafu from sister-series The Pacific is an example as well, though their personalities are polar opposites.
  • Troy from The History Channel's Swamp People is an especially good example, but most of the gator hunters have some degree of authentic Cajun accent.
  • Justin Wilson hosted Cajun cooking shows on PBS, with a heavy (at least partially put on) Cajun accent.

    Literature 
  • In The Blind Side, Ed Orgeron, a Cajun who coached the book's subject Michael Oher at Ole Miss, was depicted as having an accent so thick that almost no one could understand him, with one notable exception being Oher's "adoptive" father Sean Tuohy,note  a New Orleans native (though not Cajun). Orgeron would go on to play himself in the film, Cajun accent and all.

    Music 

    Web Original 
  • Unlike his counterpart in the original English Dub, Dartz in Yu-Gi-Oh! The Abridged Series speaks with a Cajun accent. The accent, however, is incredibly thick, to the point where ends up distorting his words so much that nobody can properly understand what he's actually trying to say. Not to mention, the things Dartz says end up sounding sexual in nature (for example, he says the word "dick" when he really means "deck", as in a deck of cards). His speech impediment doesn't help.

    Western Animation 

    Real Life 

Yat
The native accent of New Orleans, which differs from both Dixie and Cajun. Yat is very distinct, "like Brooklyn on Valium" with a few Southern features. An episode of Real Stories of the Highway Patrol depicted a traffic stop and car chase in the New Orleans suburb of Chalmette. The segment was subtitled in English for the non-Yat-speaking viewers.

The dialect is named for the Creole expression "Where y(ou) at??". Example: "Wheah y'at? Gat suh melotow fuh me? Ja burl'um? We hadda crab burl back at da Wrigaleys." Translation: "What's up? Do you have some mirlitons for me? Did you boil them? We boiled crabs on our trip to the Rigolets." The further "down" (east) you go into "Da Parish" (St. Bernard Parish), the more it sounds like Brooklyn, due to a similar immigrant mix. The cheer for the New Orleans Saints, "Who dat?", comes from this dialect.

There is no north, south or east in Yat. The cardinal directions, all of which relate to the Mississippi River, are "up", "down", "back", and "Tchoupitoulas" — Tchoupitoulas being the closest street to the river. Its pronunciation cannot be revealed here, because listening to tourists attempt it is a spectator sport in New Orleans.

One thing that must be understood is that "Yat" refers to any highly pronounced New Orleans accent. There are several. Chalmette and Algiers both have highly pronounced accents. Another thing that must be understood is that there are many ways of pronouncing the city's name, but that no one from New Orleans or who has spent any time at all there says "N'Awlins", though many people say "New Awlins". "N'Awlins" has become ubiquitous, even in the local press, and the typical laid-back attitude of many Orleanians may keep them from pointing out the error - probably initiated by a journalist from out of town with an inaccurate ear. In reality a real New Orleanian is about as likely to say "N'Awlins" as he/she is to say "Newer Leans".

Stereotype: Parochial. Laid-back, beyond lackadaisical. Obsessed with food and drink. Especially drink.

Examples:

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    Comic Books 

    Literature 
  • John Kennedy Toole attempts to represent this in print with most of his white characters in A Confederacy of Dunces, particularly Mrs. O'Reilly. It's unclear what kind of accent the over-educated Ignatius is supposed to have, however: he could easily have a British accent, a classic Dixie accent, a Northern accent, or even be saying really fancypants things in Yat (which is really hard to wrap your head around).

    Live-Action TV 

Tidewater and Regular Mid-Atlantic
A mix of Newscaster English, Urban and Dixie, with a regional twist. Caused by Northern and Southern accents cancelling each other out, overlaid on a peculiar "Tidewater" accent common only to natives of the Chesapeake Bay region and FFVs (First Families of Virginia, the Southern version of Boston Brahmins). Tidewater is characterized by archaic, Elizabethan inflection (a sort of proto-Southern drawl with an aristocratic, English flavor). In movies it is a stereotype of Washington gentry: ambiguously Southern politicians who own horse ("howhas") farms in Virginia, yacht ("yawart") clubs in Annapolis, and secretly control Congress. This accent is more broadly associated with old money.

Regular Mid-Atlantic, by contrast, is a bland mish-mash of flat Midwestern, Northern nasal intonation, and Dixie vocabulary. Characterized by the use of "or" for soft vowels — "want" = "warnt"; "Wor-shington", and for softening "r" in some words; "No-fuk" (Norfolk) and "Fuk-you-ah" (Fauquier County).

Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland are strange cases, as the accents range from Philly to Dixie, and due to tourism and migration, Midwestern, Inland North, etc., may also be heard. People in central Delaware may speak Military Basic, due to the presence of Dover Air Force Base. You'll also hear a good bit of Military Basic in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, in this case due to the very large Navy presence.

Stereotype: Impeccably-dressed evil power-brokers who live in mansions; disgruntled government workers with hidden files in beachfront cottages.

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 

    Music 
  • James Taylor grew up in North Carolina but spent a fair amount of time in Massachusetts (where he was born), so his accent is about two-thirds Tidewater, one-third Boston.

    Web Original 
  • Whateley Universe: As mentioned under 'Dixie', Tidewater speaks with the accent he takes his Code Name from. This apparently has confused some others who didn't recognize it and couldn't figure out where it could be from.

    Real Life 
  • Game Show announcer Johnny Gilbert (a native of the Hampton Roads city of Newport News), best known for announcing Jeopardy! and the latter days of the Pyramid franchise. It's particularly notable in the way he drops the "R" in "dollar", and says "cash" as "caysh".
  • Pastor Charles Stanley, founder of In Touch Ministries.
  • American newscasters David Brinkley and Charles Kuralt, both native North Carolinians, spoke with toned-down versions. They both had to drop most of their native accents to be taken seriously.
  • Talk show host and North Carolina native Charlie Rose.
  • Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan, who hails from Virginia.
  • George S. Patton. He was born and raised in California, but he came from a prominent Virginia military family and his locutions were very much in this accent.
    "Coming ovah heah, there was a very great lesson. The foist four hou-ahs, we passed ovah a destroyed land."
  • The late Senator John Warner (aka Mr. Elizabeth Taylor)
  • Joseph Cotten

The other Mid-Atlantic/Transatlantic
"Mid-Atlantic" can also refer to an accent that combines features of American and British English, intended to favor neither type. It had been the dominant accent of the Northeastern upper class in the first half of the 20th century, but faded after World War II. It is rarely ever a natural accent. It can be regularly heard in classical Hollywood cinema, as this was the type of English taught in American acting schools of that day.

Examples:

    Anime 
  • Vegeta speaks with a mid-Atlantic accent in English dubs of the Dragon Ball franchise, as a result of Accent Adaptation and a need to convey his pompousness and superiority. It's most noticeable with Christopher Sabat's take on the character. Frieza has an even stronger one that sounds more British.

    Film 
  • Many stars of Hollywood's Golden Age used this accent in their films. Perhaps the most prominent examples were Cary Grant, who at least had the excuse of actually being born and raised in Britain, and his accent was a result of attempting to keep his working-class Bristol accent at bay, and Katharine Hepburn, who notably continued to speak this way until the very end of her career, long after her surviving contemporaries had given it up and began speaking with their natural accents.
  • Lady Tremaine and the Fairy Godmother from Cinderella, Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty, and Ratigan from The Great Mouse Detective have this accent, in which their voices sound halfway British, but also halfway American. Tremaine and Maleficent have this accent to sound austere and sharp tongued, and they and Ratigan have it to sound like upper class high society. Ratigan has this accent due to being voiced by Vincent Price.
  • Carrie Fisher uses it in A New Hope when talking to Tarkin, and James Earl Jones has always used a heavy dose of it as Darth Vader even back then. By the 1970s, the use of the accent in cinema was dying out, to the point where it sounds quite jarring to anyone not familiar with Golden Age Hollywood; at least some Star Wars fans' headcanon has that as Leia attempting, poorly, to affect a Coruscanti (British out-of-universe) accent. If you're wondering why Leia only boasts the accent for that one scene, apparently everyone involved decided it was awkward and Fisher dropped it for the rest of the film.
  • Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny in the James Bond films from Dr. No to A View to a Kill. This was presumably as a result of Maxwell, a Canadian, not being fully able to sound entirely British in a film series about a British secret agent, so this was the closest they could get without sounding off.
  • Don Lockwood and Lina Lamont in Singin' in the Rain are assigned diction coaches to learn this accent for their talkie debut. Lina barely tries.
  • Disney villains used to either be British accented or this. Mid-Atlantic accents were used by:

    Live-Action TV 
  • Depending on the listener, late political pundit William F. Buckley Jr., longtime host of PBS' Firing Line, either used this accent or the "Prep" accent outlined below.

    Professional Wrestling 
  • Matt Hardy has used this in his "Broken"/"Woken" persona. (In real life, his accent is typical of his native North Carolina.)

    Web Animation 
  • Stolas from Helluva Boss originally spoke this way in the pilot, before being given a full-on British accent in the main series.

    Western Animation 
  • Hazbin Hotel: Alastor the Radio Demon, despite being a mixed-race native of New Orleans, speaks with a prominent "radio newscaster" voice complete with radio distortion due to his old job as the host of a local radio show in the 1920s.
  • Rarity from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, couple with her peppering her speech with the occasional British idiom. It's apparently self-taught, as her father has a pronounced Midwesterner accent, and her mother sounds like she's from Joisey.

    Real Life 
  • Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, and various other Roosevelts in the early 20th century. Not surprising, given the family's background as part of the East Coast elite. There is a "linking R" in FDR's pronunciation of the words, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
  • One of the few modern speakers of this accent is now-retired US international soccer goalkeeper Brad Friedel. Though raised in suburban Cleveland, he played in England for nearly 20 years, and developed an approximation of this accent. The man himself has said that when he speaks, Brits think he's American and Americans think he's English.
  • Lauren Cohan came by the accent naturally, having been raised in both New Jersey and Sussex.
  • Poet and novelist Sylvia Plath, who was born in Boston and spent much of her adult life in England, sports this accent in surviving interviews and readings.

Urban
The most common accent for "urban characters of darker skin tones". Characterized by a lack of up-talk, dropping some hard consonants (eg. "err'thing" for "everything") and substituting words like "axe" for "ask". Also common is substituting a "d" sound for "th" in some words as in some British and Irish accents. "Y'all" makes another appearance here, too. Often comes packaged with a boatload of slang that is usually city-specific. See also Jive Turkey.

As stated before, different "urban" accents/dialects vary by region, influenced by the dominant accent of that region. Atlanta and the South have their own, characterized (for example) by pronouncing "there" as "thurr". "Urban" accents from the East Coast have something of a harder edge to them, and those from the West Coast have a flatter effect. There is a lot of variation in what slang terms get used in different regions; slang from New York City or Philadelphia's black communities will get you funny looks in Atlanta, Seattle, or Cleveland. Some regional variations may also borrow heavily from various West Indian or Caribbean dialects (particularly Jamaican Patois or Haitian Creole) if there is a heavy immigrant population.

The Real Life version, formally known as African-American Vernacular English or Black English, is a dialect spoken primarily by working and middle-class Black Americans in the United States, and encompasses several different regional sub-dialects. Due to its history, AAVE shares numerous features in common with Southern dialects and particularly, the dialects spoken in the Old Plantation South. The dialect exhibits many interesting grammatical features, much loved by linguists, such as the "habitual be" ("We clubbin'" means that we are, at this time, In Da Club, whereas "we be clubbin'" means that we go to Da Club a lot, most weekends in fact). Because of said features (many of which derive from African languages or from older forms of English, via southern slaveowners and overseers), it's considered a distinct dialect, closely related to, but noticeably separate from 'mainstream American English'. However, this status as a recognized dialect is very recent and for quite a long time those who spoke with this accent were stereotyped as foolish, uneducated, or criminal. As a result, there are a lot of arguments in the Black community about whether AAVE is a valuable part of the culture, or if it's bringing Black people down.

Now obviously, it should be noted that not all Black Americans speak in this dialect, many middle and upper-class black people don't and tend to resent the assumption that they would due to the previously mentioned stereotypes. Even Black Americans who don't deliberately avoid using it may still simply speak in the dominant accent and dialect of their region. On the other hand, many Black Americans employ a tactic known as 'code-switching', putting on a standard regional accent when out and about, and falling back to AAVE when in non-formal majority Black settings. In media this may show up as a Black character suddenly sounding more "urban" when they're around their Black friends or family, only to switch up once again when they're around their white peers.

Due to the increasing commercial popularity of Afro-American Culture since the latter half of the 20th century, many people outside of the Black community and even outside of America itself have adopted parts of this dialect/accent in order to seem "hip" or "cool", a fact that has garnered no small amount of attention in media. In fiction, this can lead to all manner of amusing scenes. For example, a mild-mannered Soccer mom making clumsy attempts at rapping that parody the hip-hop artists of the times or privileged middle-class kids from the suburbs bumping Trap Music and chirping out phrases like "no cap", "on God", or "spin the block" in a video game voice chat. However, in the real world, this has led to some serious debate on the topic of cultural appropriation which we will not go into further on this page. Regardless, it should be noted that since the turn of the millennium, much of the trendy slang utilized by teens and young adults around the world did not spring up out of the ether, but rather is directly rooted in some form of AAVE.

Stereotype: Rappers, professional athletes, urban delinquents, basically just think of all the stereotypes of black urban youth or white kids that want to seem hip. It's also not unusual to hear older black folks use bits of slang from their youth that have been outdated for decades, such as "cold", "bad", or "slammin'" for something that's impressive.

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 
  • Darius McCrary from hit show Family Matters is a great example of one form of the accent.
  • The Wire makes good use of the variations in its black characters' accents to provide some extra subtext about their backgrounds and aspirations. Most street dealers and thugs (e.g., Bodie, Omar, Snoop) use a Baltimore-specific version of a heavy urban accent, including plenty of slang. (There are a few scenes that lampshade the thickness by having police listening to a wiretap argue about what was said.) Some higher-level gangsters (e.g., Stringer Bell, Prop Joe), still sound urban to reflect that they're "from the streets", but tone it down to show that they've got some education or refinement and can mix with white folks if they want to. Black police characters run a gamut, usually matching directly with their connection to the street and/or their level of education; compare, for example, Maj. Colvin (grew up in West Baltimore) to Lt. Daniels (has a law degree). Finally, black politicians (e.g., Mayor Royce, Marla Daniels) generally have no urban accent at all, though they may be able to affect one depending on who they're talking to. Sen. Clay Davis is a special case; his accent sometimes has traces of urban but is really the accent of a black Baptist preacher.

    Real Life 
  • A lot of African-American rappers such as Tupac Shakur and Ice Cube possess or utilize some form Blaccent/Urban accent.
  • Samuel L. Jackson has a pretty distinct Ebonics twang in Real Life and for all of his fictional characters.
  • Will Smith sports this accent for his roles. It's also his natural accent.

Noo Yawk
The stereotypical accent of people from New York City and the surrounding area. Today, it's found primarily in Brooklyn, the surrounding areas having one of the four accents below. Characterized by a nasally sound, the shortening of "you" to "yo" (or lengthening it to "youse"), the "er", "or", and "th" sounds becoming "uh", "aw", and "d", respectively, and the extensive use of profanity. It’s is also worth noting that the pronunciation of ‘thirty-third’ as ‘toidy-toid’ was once associated with New York City and the surrounding areas, but is now largely obsolete. William Labov, "the father of sociolinguistics", found that (40 years ago, at least) any single New Yorker was highly unlikely to have all the distinctive local features: most will have only a subset. Stereotypical Noo Yawk phrases include "fuhgeddaboutit", "awright awready", “I’m walkin’ here!”, and "ehfuckyou"; "mad" is also a common intensifier that is roughly analogous to New England's "wicked" aside from the fact that it is also frequently used to denote an abundance. Yiddish loanwords and Yiddish-derived idioms are somewhat common, even among non-Jewish residents.

Note: You can make more linguistic groups of the New York accents, right down to the boroughs (districts) of the city, though the divisions are more class- and ethnicity-based than geographical. Not a good idea, but you can do it. This video gives examples.

Stereotype: Working-class, ill-mannered (tactless at best, obnoxious at worst), Yankees or Mets fan. Very likely to be of Italian or Ashkenazi Jewish descent. As with Cockney, its rough British equivalent, Noo Yawkers can be either rough-hewn, salt-of-the-earth urbanites, or rude, petty criminals. Puerto Rican-born or -descended Noo Yawkers have their own speech patterns, with subtle differences from Chicano (see below). A Spanish equivalent would be Mexico City Spanish.

Examples:

    Film 
  • Most of the characters in Guys and Dolls speak this way, but Vivian Blaine's performance as Adelaide is the most pronounced example.
  • Vinny and Lisa (especially Lisa) in My Cousin Vinny.
  • All of The Newsies; Racetrack stands out, in particular.
  • All over the place in Rounders, namely Mike's gambling friends and Grama.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Ralph and Alice Kramden.
  • CSI: NY sometimes. Don Flack and Aiden Burn come to mind.
  • Mad Men: Peggy Olson's mother and sister have Brooklyn squawks. Ginsburg has a fairly typical "New York Jewish" accent.
  • The cast of Everybody Loves Raymond are New York Italian-American. Connoisseurs of these things have noted that even the Italian they speak is so far divergent from Italian as spoken in Italy that, like American English to British English, or Québécois to regular European French, it classes as a dialect in its own right.
  • Detective Sonny Carisi of Law & Order: SVU has a broad, specifically Staten Island accent. (Peter Scanavino, the actor, does not, which makes his acting job very impressive.)
  • The Impractical Jokers talk for the most part with their natural Staten Island accents, though they do tease Murr for his accent supposedly flattening.
  • The Nanny: Fran Fine is from Queens, so she and her entire family speak in strong, nasal New York accents, which helps to contrast Fran from the blue-blood Sheffields. In real life, Fran Drescher's accent isn't as pronounced as it sounds on the show. In "Val's Boyfriend", Fran mistakenly eats so much wasabi that it clears her nasal passages and she briefly drops her accent, which is closer to how Drescher sounds in real life.
  • Saturday Night Live:
    • The first Coffee Talk sketches, in the early 1990s, are almost built entirely around the one all-encompassing feature of metro New York English: the low back chain shift of certain vowel sounds, even among speakers from the suburbs who generally tend to pronounce their "r"'s. Toronto-born Mike Myers pulls this off expertly at the opening of the sketch as Paul Baldwin, middle-aged instead of the older character he's depicted as later on, tells us the call-in show is devoted to things like "dogs, daughters, lofts and coffee" ... all of which use the same telltale vowel in New York Metropolitan Area English, leading an audience drawn mostly from that area to laugh knowingly at something that most viewers not familiar with the accent outside the metropolitan area wondered why was so funny.
    • A 1989 sketch called "Da War of Da Woilds" (presented by the Brooklyn Academy of Fine Art) was an extremely loose parody of The War of the Worlds that used stereotypical New York accents and mannerisms for as much comic value as they could get.

    Radio 
  • Big Wayne from The Lazlow Show has the Queens variant.
  • Random petty criminals from dramas in the Golden Age of Radio would have a mix of this accent and Joisey, even if they were from the Midwest or California.

    Video Games 

    Web Original 

    Western Animation 
  • Bugs Bunny (Mel Blanc said his intention was a mix of Brooklyn and Bronx accents).
  • Speaking of Mel Blanc, the Flintstones and the Rubbles of the Flintstones also have this accent, being [[Main/Expy Expies]] of the Kramdens and the Nortons respectively.
  • DC Super Hero Girls 2019
    • Robin primarily speaks this way in, especially whenever he says "th-werps".
    • Young Barbara Gordon also spoke this way with a Lisp, according to the #FromBatToWorse episode, but she's seemingly lost it before moving to Metropolis once she got older.

    Real Life 
  • 2016 and 2020 presidential hopeful Bernie Sanders.

Joisey/Da Bronx
The accent of thugs and The Mafia. The two areas, North Jersey and The Bronx, have distinctly different accents, but share the common attribute of stuffing the "th" sound into a "d". (Linguists call this fortition.) Note that if you reached adulthood after The '50s and say "Joisey", you are almost certainly not a native — though you might be from Long Island or Texas. Regardless, you will almost certainly get your ass kicked.

There is a much milder New Jersey/North-East accent that is most apparent by dropping "t" sounds all together note  unless it starts a word or it's a double "t." In case of a double "t", it will usually sound more like a "d", making "better" sound more like "bedder." (An exception is "Manhattan," which most area natives will call MAN-HA[glottal stop]-'N.) This is also split when it comes to words that end in "t" followed by a word that starts with an "h". "Get him" can sound like either "geddim" or "ge' him". Any time a "d" sound is followed by a "y" consonant sound, the two tend to get collapsed into a single "j" sound, resulting in "did you" becoming "didja". Like in New York City English, "mad" is also a common intensifier and indicator of great abundance.

Common to both accents is a nasal pronunciation of "or" sounds that's closer to "ar" (think of the Received pronunciation of "orange" and you won't be too far off). So, for example, the phrase "horrible Florida oranges" may come out as "harble Flarda arnjes".

Stereotype: Thug, stooge, gangster, gangster's moll, and nowadays the guido/guidette stereotype.

Examples:

    Anime and Manga 

    Film 
  • Jeff Anderson's (Randal Graves in Clerks) very distinctive snarky drawl appears to be a hybrid of this and Philly. Judge for yourself.
    • Makes sense, as Leonardo and Monmouth/Ocean County are a halfway point between New York and Philly. Natives of the area say to themselves: He doesn't have an accent!

    Live-Action TV 
  • Common on CSI: NY, combined with Noo Yawk. Danny Messer notably.
  • Many characters on Boardwalk Empire (set in Atlantic City), combined with Noo Yawk.
  • Jon Stewart from The Daily Show is a Jersey native, and his normal speech is the actual New Jersey accent. You'll notice it's hard to tell he isn't from Ohio if you aren't paying attention to a few key giveaways (such as not pronouncing the T at the end of "Stewart"). However, he will frequently drop into Flanderized versions of both the "Joisey" accent and the "Noo Yawk" accent pretty much any time it helps his comedic delivery.
  • Tony Soprano and the rest of his family.
  • Mad Men: Paul Kinsey is originally from Hoboken, and according to his old Princeton classmate, he used to have a super-thick "Joisey" accent (actual classmate's words, and considering it's 1962 at that point...).
  • Danny "Danno" Williams of Hawaii Five-0 fame has a very prominent accent. His being from Jersey is even about in-series several times and in an early episode he identifies a guy as fellow "West Orange" by the accent.

    Music 
  • Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth of thrash metal band Overkill.
  • Debbie Harry from Blondie.
  • Todd Edwards, Trope Codifier of microsampling and native of Bloomfield, New Jersey. You can hear it in action here.
  • The Roches’ cover of “Winter Wonderland” has the trio harmonizing in broad, stereotypical Jersey accents for the sake of humor. The band of sisters were born in New Jersey, but otherwise you can’t really pick it up from their singing.

    Pinball 
  • Oddly enough, the blue-skinned alien waitress in Big Bang Bar speaks with a thick Joisey accent.

    Video Games 

    Web Videos 
  • Daniel O'Brien from Cracked occasionally displays this accent when he appears in videos.
  • Mark and Corey of the Let's Play Modestly ProphItic are New Jersey natives.
  • Johnny T from Glove and Boots.
  • Ganju from Bleach (S) Abridged
  • Bon Appétit: Brad Leone's yard-thick North Jersey accent note  is a thing to behold, and more or less a co-star on the show. His way of pronouncing "wourder" (water) has taken on a life of its own.

    Western Animation 

    Real Life 

Prep
The American "posh" or "snob" accent. Also referred to as Boston Brahmin, after the East Coast Establishment families which are known as such, or "New England lockjaw" from its rather stiff pronunciation. It is associated with Manhattan stockbrokers, Reagan-era yuppies, and the entire state of Connecticut. Think American Psycho or Thurston and Lovey. Clench the jaw and talk about stock prices. The yacht-club villains from a Rodney Dangerfield or a mid-1980s John Cusack movie will probably speak in this accent. Most Baby-Boomer Americans and their parents associate this accent with William F. Buckley, Jr. For younger generations, Mitt Romney presents a Midwesternized variant (he went to prep school, but in his home state of Michigan, and then hung around these types after he went to Harvard for business and law school). It's extremely nasal (the "lockjaw" name is well-justified) with a tendency towards vaguely melodic, dropping tones, and in all respects is very much an Americanized version of a stereotypically posh British accent.

Stereotype: Politely amoral greed.

Examples:

    Film 

    Live-Action TV 
  • George Feeney from Boy Meets World.
  • Thurston Howell II from Gilligan's Island.
  • Emily and Richard Gilmore of Gilmore Girls, being Old Money New England stock with status in Connecticut high society.
  • Major Charles Emerson Winchester III from M*A*S*H.
  • Frasier Crane on Cheers and both he and Niles on Frasier. They're from Seattle (which in itself never came up on Cheers) but both attended Eastern prep schools and Harvard.
  • Michaela Quinn on Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, being from upper-class Boston society. As Jane Seymour is a Fake American in this series, there's more British influence than in other examples, but it's still recognizable. Her mother (played by American actress Jane Wyman) is a more straightforward portrayal.
  • C.C. Babcock on The Nanny, contrasting with Fran Fine's working-class, nasal New York accent.

    Real Life 

    Western Animation 

The Affect
Also called "The City Girl Squawk", this is an outgrowth of "Manhattan", probably influenced by "Joisey". Often associated with Queens and "Lunn Guyland", especially in the minds of New Yorkers. A raucous dialect that employs long, whiny vowels, a lazy, whistling "s" and a glottal stop that replaces the "t" in many words: for instance, "bottle" becomes "bah-uhl". It wanders tonally through a larger range than most dialects, but has a tendency to end every phrase with a rising tone as if it were a question (aka "uptalk"). Like all accents, it's used by both genders in Real Life, but on TV, it's almost exclusively spoken by women.

Stereotype: Young, upper-middle class women who are shallow, immature and somewhat less intellectually agile than average. Basically, the New York version of the Valley Girl, right down to ending every sentence like a question.note 

Examples:

    Film 
  • Lina Lamont in Singin' in the Rain.
  • Matilda: Zinnia Wormwood takes this up to eleven (courtesy of Rhea Perlman, who herself has a thick natural Noo Yawk city girl squawk).

    Live-Action TV 

    Music 
  • Cyndi Lauper puts this on when she's in character, although her natural accent is straight-up Noo Yawk.
  • Country Music singer Lorrie Morgan seemed to put on a subdued version of this accent whenever she sang.
  • Just about any rendition of "Santa Baby" after Madonna’s version.

    Theatre 

    Video Games 

    Western Animation 
  • Harley Quinn in Batman: The Animated Series. Her voice was inspired by Judy Holliday. Worth noting that she only has the accent when she's in her psycho mode. When speaking sanely, she lacks it.
  • Betty Boop.
  • Rosie the robot maid, from The Jetsons.

Northeastern/Puerto Rican AKA Nuyorican
What happens when a Caribbean Latino accent crashes headlong into The Affect — fast, high-pitched, and sometimes extremely nasal. Despite the designation Nuyorican, it can appear anywhere in the northeast. Think Cardi B (who's actually Dominican but whatever—she's Latina and from the Bronx, and that's more significant for accent purposes) or Rosie Perez (although she does seem to play it up for comedy roles). Jennifer Lopez has a softer, more generic form of the same accent. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor—who self-identifies as Nuyorican—also still has traces (polished out by education, but you can still hear it in her interviews and Sesame Street appearance).

Jewish
Also known as "Borscht Belt", this is the accent spoken by some Jewish-Americans, with influences of Yiddish and Hebrew. The "other" New York accent, and sometimes the standard accent of the non-performing side of show business. In terms of pronunciation, it largely follows No Yawk, but with a tenser ‘a’, ‘oh’ and ‘aw’ vowels, a stronger inclination towards pronouncing ‘er’ as ‘oi’, especially among older speakers, occasionally the rolling of the ‘r’ either at the front or the back of the mouth, and usually a very distinct pitch intonation that is wider than non-Jewish speakers. Good phrases: "Meshuggenah!", "Schmuck!", "Oy vey!" and "Don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining!" In addition to Yiddish words, they will also use Yiddish sentence construction such as "What do you know from funny?", "For this I went to college?" "You want I should beg for a visit from my only son?!" or " A heart attack you almost gave me!" Often spoken by stereotypical "New York orphans", even if, by all rights, they really shouldn't be Jewish. (Of course, in the words of Lenny Bruce, "In New York, even if you're Catholic, you're Jewish.")

Stereotype: Since this dialect is strongly associated with an ethno-religious group, stereotypes are mostly limited to bickering old couples kvetching about how much they paid for something, overbearing mothers, deli owners, token Rabbis, actors' agents, Borscht Belt comedians, and members of the Friar's Club. The occasional Shylock type, as a greedy lawyer or banker, sometimes still shows up.

Examples:

    open/close all folders 

    Comic Books 
  • Vladek Spiegelman uses this sentence construction in the graphic novel Maus by Art Spiegelman.
  • As many of the longtime contributors to MAD were from the New York Jewish community (most iconically Harvey Kurtzman), takes on this accent have been a staple of the magazine. Words like "schmuck" showed up with considerable frequency.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Babylon 5: Commander Susan Ivanova would slip into this when she was frustrated sometimes. Interestingly, she isn't American at all, being a Russian whose family insisted on her studying abroad due to her being a latent Telepath, and her mother's wish to keep her away from the Psi-Corps. Her relatives and family friends, when they briefly appear, are shown to have more typical Hollywood Russian accents. She is a Russian Jew, however, though she lapsed as an adult after the stress of her mother's early death.
  • The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel gives this accent to...pretty much all the main characters, including the eponymous Midge Maisel. Justified, as they're all New York Jews in the 1950s-60s. Interestingly, Midge's accent (which isn't as pronounced as some other characters') can also be seen as a proto-form of the Affect.
  • George's parents on Seinfeld.
  • The Wire gives this accent to corrupt defense lawyer Maurice Levy, including the occasional word of Yiddish.

    Multiple Media 
  • Billy Crystal as "Miracle Max" in The Princess Bride, and as "Julius" (a new persona adopted as the result of a hypnosis accident) in the final season of Soap.
  • Mel Brooks in every movie and TV show he has ever had a role in - including Jakers!, in which he voices an Irish sheep.

    Recorded and Stand-Up Comedy 
  • Comedian-actor Jackie Mason (who was Jewish) practically made a career out of this accent.

    Western Animation 
  • John Byner imitated Mason to provide the voice (and accent) for the Aardvark in the 1969-1971 The Ant and the Aardvark cartoons from De Patie Freleng Enterprises.
  • In Futurama, Doctor Zoidberg speaks in this accent, although in the Comic-Book Adaptation it is acknowledged to be "Squiddish".
  • Grampa Boris from Rugrats had this in spades, complete with constant references to "the old country."
  • Walter Wolf had one of these in Animaniacs; he was typically attacking Slappy Squirrel, the gimmick being both were in Social Security territory.
  • Krusty the Clown from The Simpsons often sprinkles his dialogue with Jewish phrases, mannerisms and Yiddish words. Appropriately, since he's Jewish (though he doesn't like to admit it).

    Real Life 
  • Joan Rivers also had a slightly tweaked version of this accent.
  • Judith Sheindlin, better known as Judge Judy. One of her catchphrases is even "Don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining."
  • What's My Line? panelist Bernett Cerf.

Luso/Faw Rivah
This is the accent of people raised in New England who are of Portuguese stock. Also known as "Portugee", this is a subset of "Down East" (see below) that almost never shows up in movies/TV because the producers are afraid that nobody will understand why the black-haired, olive-skinned guy sounds like a Bostonian (see below) raised in France. It should be noted that this accent is rare even in New England; outside of Fall River, New Bedford, Taunton, and Providence, it is only heard very sporadically and is usually so heavily diluted that it just sounds like a standard townie accent with near-imperceptible differences unless you're listening very closely.

Stereotype: Hard-working, honest, salt-of-the-Earth fisherman, almost certainly Roman Catholic (if favorable), or (like the Southie Irish townie, mentioned below), a rude, ignorant, trashy, and likely substance-addled idiot who places extreme and disproportionate pride in their Portuguese heritage and Boston sports teams (if unfavorable). Please note that "Portugee" is a slur and a great way to get a chouriçonote -scented fist in your face if you are foolish enough to use this word around Portuguese people, unless you're Portuguese yourself; "South Coast accent" is the politically-correct nomenclature in this case.note 

Down East
Spoken in upper New England (New Hampshire, Maine, and parts of Massachusetts; you'll hear it less and less as you head towards Western Mass, where it's nearly nonexistent), characterized by broad vowels and terse sentences. What most people think of as "the" classic down east accent comes from "down east" itself, the coast of Maine, where the tendency to use "Ayuh" for "yes" is most often found. The term comes from sailors going to Maine going "Down East".

There are differences within the Down East accent itself, of course. Someone from Maine will talk differently than someone from Vermont, and someone from Vermont will talk differently than someone from New Hampshire. Backwoods accents sound much different from city accents. Each state also has vocabulary unique to their culture. For example the words "rig" or "rigging" (in the nautical sense) is often used as a synonym for "create" or "assemble", but only in coastal areas: "I need a rigging to get on that roof" may work fine in Portland, Maine but might get you a blank stare in Rutland, Vermont. "Wicked" tends to be used more generally across NE as an intensifier adverb, as in "wicked good" or "wicked excellent."; "mad" is its New York City analog and also sees some use in New England, albeit nowhere near as frequently. Copious amounts of profanity are also common, though not as ubiquitous as they are in the Boston metro area. Occasionally mistaken for a Boston accent (which has similar, but not identical features); in New England, the "Boston-but-not-quite" variety of this accent is typically referred to with the blanket label of "townie". Depending on the part of New England, there may also be some features of Canadian French (particularly in New Hampshire) or Maritime English (northern Maine).

Stereotype: taciturn, parsimonious, dry, rural, witty (if favorable), or a dumb, ignorant redneck who has never ventured more than an hour from their hometown, holds an irrational hatred of Manchester (which they view as a Wretched Hive), and constantly complains about Massachusetts and its residents (if unfavorable). Likely of French-Canadian, Irish, or (depending on the part of the region) Greek descent.

Examples:

    Audio Plays 
  • Bert and I... makes heavy use of this accent, and applies a lot of the stereotypes...both positive and negative.

    Film 
  • Watch the early scenes in the classic movie Nothing Sacred with this in mind.
  • Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall in the movie adaptation of Pet Sematary.
  • Several of the 'locals' in the Chevy Chase movie Funny Farm.

    Literature 
  • Most of Stephen King's books; not only does he write Down-Easters very convincingly, he has a Down East accent himself.

    Music 
  • Josh Staples
  • If you took out the out of tune guitars and choppy rhythms, the most notable thing about The Shaggs might be the Wiggins sisters' extremely thick New Hampshire accents.

    Web Original 

    Real Life 
  • President Calvin Coolidge born in Plymouth Notch, Vermont and later settling in Northampton, MA before becoming Governor and U.S. president, epitomized the speech and the attitude.
  • Margaret Hamilton, in spite of being born and raised in Ohio.
  • This man went viral for losing it when he sees a sunfish, mostly due to his reaction, but his strong townie accent also played a part.
    "I don't know what this is, but Jay says it's a fahkin big sea turtle."
    * background chatter*
    "It's a baby fahkin WHEEL, man! HOLY SHIT! WE AH WITNESSING A BABY FAHKIN WHALE RIGHT HEAH, DOOD! HO-LEE SHIT!"
  • These two guys allegedly found a Red Sox title banner in the middle of McGrath Highway in Somerville. Many commenters derisively compared them to the "baby wheel" guys mentioned above.

Vermon
Spoken predominantly in Vermont. Technically, it's also the main accent of central-southwestern New England (western Massachusetts and much of Connecticut) but it's much less pronounced. This distinct accent is characterized by:
  • Glottal stop replacement of the "t" sound in a middle of a word (Example: Notebook becomes no'book)
  • Complete removal of a "t" sound at the end of a word. (Example: Vermont becomes Vermon)
  • If a "t" is not removed from the middle of a word, it is changed to a "d" sound. (Examples: water becomes wadder)
  • Broad "a" and "e" sounds. (Examples: calf sounds like caaf)
  • Some Vermonters—generally older ones—add an "er" sound to the end of some open-voweled words. (Example: idea becomes idear)
  • There are a few exceptions: the town of Burlington, for example, is pronounced with its "t" sound. Montpelier, Swanton, Milton, and Rutland, however, all have their "t" sounds dropped.

Like other New England accents, it tends to be very fast and clipped, except for stereotypically "backwoods" Vermont speech, which tends to be slow with even broader vowels. This, combined with the glottal stops, can sometimes make the speech slurred or sound like mumbling. Canadian French features are also common in northern parts of the state.

Some vocabulary common to the region:

  • Creemee: a popular summer dessert similar to soft-serve ice cream, but creamier and with more milkfat.
  • Sugar on snow: candy made by pouring heated maple syrup over a pan of snow.
  • Jeezum Crow: exclamation of surprise or frustration.
  • Grinder: a submarine sandwich.
  • Leaf peepers: tourist who come to admire the fall foliage. Often spoken about in an annoyed manner. Also common in New Hampshire and Western Mass, where the connotation of "that asshole from New York in the Range Rover who is doing fifteen below in front of me" does not waver.
  • Flatlander: someone who is not originally from Vermont (also used elsewhere). Note: this condition never changes. You don't "become" a Vermonter. If we really like you, and you fit in really well, you might become "Almost a Vermonter."
    • Also "White-plater", as Vermont has a green license plate, and until recently almost every other state had a white background.
    • Away: Where flatlanders come from, if we're not exactly sure or just don't care.
    • Transplant: A flatlander who stayed. Often mildly derogatory.
  • Wicked: adjective meaning "very". Also very common in Massachusetts.
  • Sugaring season: early spring, when sap is collected and boiled for maple syrup.
  • Sugar snow: a light, flaky snow after a relatively warm day/week during sugaring season. It hardly ever affects the flow of sap, contrary to what one would think.
  • Maple sugar: a super sweet sugar made by boiling maple sap until all the water is gone. It is much sweeter than white sugar, and is often used in candy.
  • Champ: the monster that reportedly lives in Lake Champlain.
  • Girls: milk cows.

Stereotype: The two most common stereotypes of Vermonters are probably hippiesnote  and homosexuals. Which seems a weird stereotype, but Vermont was the first state in the nation to offer civil unions between same-sex couples, and it's brought up frequently in media from the 90's and 00's. The hippy aspect is not as common as popular image would have you believe. It's most prevalent in metro areas, such as Burlington and Brattleboro, with a growing population in Montpelier and Rutland. The lesser stereotype (but ironically the more realistic one) are farmers, particularly dairy farmers. This is in part due to the success of Ben & Jerry's ice cream, combining two stereotypes by being hippies who are also into dairy. Vermonters in media are usually obsessed with maple syrup or cows, which are partially true stereotypes. Vermont ranks 15th in the nation for milk production, and is home to Ben & Jerry's, Cabot Creamery, and Green Mountain Creamery plus dozens of more local brands. It's also the largest supplier of maple syrup in the US with over 1 million pounds annually, and produces 5% of the global maple syrup supply. Keep in mind Vermont is a state of about 600,000 people. Vermont holds several dairy and maple festivals around the state every year.

    Comedy 
  • Rusty Dewees, a local Vermont comedian, uses a thick Vermont accent in his stand-up routines, which usually involve benign stereotypes of backwoods Vermont culture. It's an exaggeration of his own accent, but this level is not unusual in old-timers. Here in this video from a TED Talk given in 2018, you can hear the extremely broad "a" vowel sounds, the glottal stop in words that have "tt" in the middle, and the dropping of the "t" sound at the end of certain words. He also exemplifies the mix between broad vowel sounds and rapid-fire speech that make the accent sound slurred.

    Film 
  • Man with a Plan, an independent film by John O'Brian, is a cult classic in Vermont and features Fred Tuttle, a dairy farmer turned would-be politician, who had a prominent Vermont accent. Here in this clip from the film, you can see a voice coach attempt to help him correct his accentuated pronunciation by repeating phrases after her. She is particularly unimpressed with his pronunciation of "butter," telling him there are Ts in it—typical of the accent, he skips over them.

Boston
An urban version of Down East. "Pahk the caah at Haahvad Yaahd."note  "I am going to Korear to furthah my careah." "Wheabouts ya from, khed? Bellingham? Ya town is fahkin' queeah, khed." "Jesus fahkin' christ I'm fahkin' hungry. I'm gonna get a grindah at that D'Angelo ovah theah." "Waiddaminnit, Officah... didn't I useta play bahll with yah fahkin brothah? Sean Roche, right? How yah fahkin' been, khed?"

The Boston accent itself has two extreme versions:

  • "Kennedese", so Flanderized that it sounds more Australian than American (at least, what Americans think Australians sound like; it's more like Bostonian with a generous dose of British).

    Stereotype: Sophisticated, a leader, rough rich character, Old Money (as Old as money gets in the US, anyway), aristocratic in a non-British-affected way, probably a bit stuck-up, parodying a Kennedy.
  • "Southie", mostly associated with gangsters, which can be spotted by a character saying "aboot" or "aboat" for the word "about". If you're going to try to learn only one Boston accent, this would be the one to learn, since it's very similar if not indistinguishable from the accent used in working-class inner suburbs like Cambridge and Medfordnote .

    Stereotype: Of Irish descent, a rude, vulgar, ignorant (and probably bigoted), violent, perpetually angry, and generally trashy idiot with no real identity beyond their obsession with Boston sports and their Irish heritage.
  • A peculiar, seldom-heard subset is the Rhode Island accent, which combines New York percussiveness and Boston consonants with flat Chicago vowels, and sounds vaguely Brooklynese to people from outside the area.note  The Luso accent mentioned elsewhere is closely related.
  • You will also hear some Bay Staters labialize their Rs - in other words, "Revere" becomes "Veveah". This particular quirk (most strongly associated with Essex County and some of the more heavily Jewish suburbs like Brookline) is nearly unknown outside the area, but has gotten the occasional weak laugh from morning radio DJs.

Examples:

Kennedese

    Live-Action TV 
  • Lloyd Grossman, an American who had a career on British TV as a presenter, food critic and general pundit, had an extreme case of pork the core in a core pork note . Fans were fascinated with the unique accent he spoke with, and speculated as to which part of the USA the generally urbane, witty and likeable Grossman came from.
    • It is important to note that while Grossman grew up in Massachusetts, his years in England have mutated his accent into a mishmash of a Boston accent and a very strong British accent. The "pork the core" sounds almost nothing like a typical Boston "pahk the cah".

    Western Animation 
  • Mayor Quimby on The Simpsons
  • Mrs. Kerplopolis-Awesome on Rated A for Awesome
  • JFK on Clone High, being a clone of John F. Kennedy, speaks with a very exaggerated version of this accent. One episode was about him trying to teach the clone of Mahatma Gandhi to act and talk like him.
    JFK: (pulls down screen) Er-uh, read this.
    Gandhi: "For supper, I want a party platter."
    JFK: No no no! Like this: "Fowah suppah, I, er, uh, wanna pahty plattah!"

    Real Life 

Southie

    Advertising 
  • Hyundai's 2020 Super Bowl ad, a new car with "smaht pahk." The ad features John Krasinski, Chris Evans, and Rachel Dratch, all Boston or Boston-area natives.
  • The beer brand Sam Adams has a series of commercials featuring "Your cousin... from Boston" with the stereotypical accent and attitude.

    Film 

    Live-Action TV 
  • Faith Lehane of Buffy the Vampire Slayer uses a stereotypical Southie accent. (Her actress Eliza Dushku is from Boston herself, but speaks with a more middle-class accent.)
  • John Ratzenberger was probably trying to do this in Cheers, but wound up with way too much Kennedy in Cliff's accent.
  • Ray and especially Abby of Ray Donovan sport thick Southie accents despite having relocated to Los Angeles. While Liev Schreiber grew up in Brooklyn, he manages to put on a convincing enough one, and Paula Malcomson is from Northern Ireland and doesn't have to try too hard to put on an authentic one herself.
  • 30 Rock: Nancy Donovan (played by Julianne Moore) Jack's high school crush and of his two love interests in Season 4, is from South Boston and sounds like it (in an exaggerated fashion). Very rarely, Jack will "slip" into this accent as well.
  • Expertly executed by Casey Affleck in the Saturday Night Live Dunkin' Donuts commercial parody from 2016.
  • The White Lotus: Mark Mossbacher notably doesn't have it, but when he speaks to his uncle on the phone, the uncle clearly does. The thick Boston accent adds to the dark comedy of Mark learning in the space of five minutes that his father was gay on the downlow and died of AIDS.

    Music 
  • Late rapper and native Bostonian Guru of Gang Starr. It's less obvious on later albums, probably because of all the years he spent living in Brooklyn.
  • Adam Ezra, a Boston-area native and leader of roots rockers Adam Ezra Group, used a deliberately exaggerated version in the narration of "The Devil Came Up to Boston", his Affectionate Parody of the Charlie Daniels classic "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Video here.

    Radio 
  • Click and Clack from NPR's Car Talk have this accent.

    Stand-Up Comedy 
  • Boston native Louis C.K. jokingly describes the Boston accent as "a whole bunch of people saying most words wrong."
  • Comic Jimmy Tingle poked fun at his accent while discussing people who ask him to say things like "Park the car at Harvard Yard":
    "Whattaya you, reTAAAAAAHded?!"

    Video Games 
  • David Young, the protagonist of D4, speaks in this accent, as well as a majority of other characters, since the game takes place in Boston.
  • Found on many characters in Fallout 4, which takes place in a post-apocalyptic Boston. Apparently, the "pahk the cah" joke survived as well.

    Web Original 
  • Whateley Universe: Vamp (Alex O'Brien), from Charlestownnote , often deliberately plays up her lower-class accent when playing dumb. However, she is fully capable of pulling off a convincing Brahmin accent, which she used when working as a high-class call girl in her twenties (despite being broke, fifteen, and intersex, her Charm Person power being useful for that purpose).

    Western Animation 
  • Carmen Sandiego: Both Zack and Ivy sport very thick Boston accents. Ivy can easily disguise her voice when needed, but her brother struggles a bit more to do so, slipping back into his natural accent and giving himself away fairly easily.

    Real Life 
  • MSNBC host Lawrence O'Donnell often slips into (and usually deliberately exaggerates) this accent when covering stories about his native Boston. Otherwise he speaks in a deliberately neutral accent as is typical of television broadcasters.

Rhode Island

    Live-Action TV 

    Video Games 
  • Nahman Jayden from Heavy Rain has a bit of a Bostonian accent going on. Although this might be because Bostonian is the closest American accent his voice actor could produce, being British and all.

    Western Animation 
  • Peter Griffin from Family Guy has this accent and done pretty well—then again, he is created and voiced by native and RISD graduate Seth MacFarlane.

    Real Life 
  • The most famous example is probably Emeril Lagasse, who is not from Rhode Island but Fall River, across the border in Massachusetts, where the accent spills over to New Bedford or thereabouts and combines with the Luso accent; this is fitting, since Emeril is half-Portuguese (his father was French-Canadian). (Emeril enunciates his vowels a bit more than the typical Rhode Islander though.)
  • Wendy Carlos, a native of Pawtucket.

Pittsburgh
A city with a lot of Scotch-Irish, Irish, Italian, and particularly Eastern European influences from the days of being a steel town, as well as several unique constructs such as "yinz" for the plural "you" (becoming less contracted the farther east you go, reaching "you'uns" around the center of the state) and "nebby" for "nosy", while "n'at" serves as a general extender and is frequently used to end sentences. They have great trouble with diphthongs and tend to turn them all into a short "a" sound (As in "dahntahn" for "downtown.") A few examples of Pittsburghese - bologna is called "jumbo," rubber bands are called "gum bands" and "redding up" means doing housework. Iron is pronounced as "arn" (such as "Arn" City Beer). This accent also features heavy rounding of the vowel "ah", sometimes to where a British person would pronounce the "o" in "gone". Some additional examples: "jagoff" for asshole, "warsh" for wash, chipped ham for chip-chopped ham (although Pittsburgh is not alone in this, plus the food originates in Pittsburgh), "Stillers" for Steelers, etc. "Yinz fuggin' jagoffs goin' dahntahn for the fuggin' Stillers game n'at?" Once described as "the Galapagos Islands" of American accents due to the distinctiveness, intersection of multiple cultures and relative geographic isolation, as noted below, it's almost never intentionally portrayed in media because most people who have never interacted with a Yinzer aren't aware it exists.

Stereotype: American descendants of the Stupid Polack. Low-class and vulgar, economically depressed and trying to make up for it through a slavish devotion to local sports teams (especially the Steelers).

Examples:

    Film 
  • Hollywood has yet to represent the Pittsburgh accent properly in films that are set there. In Striking Distance, two characters who were supposedly born and raised in the city had New York (Bruce Willis') and Midwest (Dennis Farina's) accents.
  • Sullivan and Sons is a comedy about a corporate lawyer taking over his father's bar in Pittsburgh. Per usual, the accents are terrible. Additionally, the cast have some strange slang and inflections that are definitely not Pittsburghese.
  • Innocent Blood, John Landis' often forgotten vampire movie set in Pittsburgh, whose main characters are very Italian-American (portrayed by Anthony LaPaglia and Robert Loggia), and while Pittsburgh does have a sizable population of Italian descent, there's nothing even remotely like a Cosa Nostra-type mafia. Although the film-makers did get their neighborhoods right.note 
  • Kevin Smith's Zack and Miri Make a Porno did an equally terrible job with Pittsburgh accents. Jeff Anderson didn't even try to change his very famous Jersey accent, and their attempt at a stereotypical drunken Steelers fan sounds more like a stereotypical drunken Bears fan. But on a positive note, the Monroeville Zombies hockey team was so awesome that it might soon become a case of Life Imitates Art.
  • Sadly, even A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood about local icon and nationally-beloved Fred Rogers fell victim to this; Tom Hanks did a great deal of research and preparation, but ended up Not Even Bothering with the Accent... which can lead to Vocal Dissonance for anyone who grew up watching and listening to Mister Rogers' Neighborhood and has exactly what he sounded like as part of their childhood memories.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Mister Rogers' Neighborhood: As noted above and below, was hosted by Fred Rogers, who probably had the longest-running, most prominent, and most genteel Yinzer accent on television, simultaneously.
  • A fictional Fred makes a reassuring The Cameo appearance in Season 1 of Julia, and while they get points for at least trying to portray the accent, it's more like... swinging and missing by a few state lines, although not so jarring and completely unrecognizable as to be offensive; just proof it's not that easy to pull from nowhere.
  • Mike & Molly: Billy Gardell, the actor who portrays Mike Biggs, is a stand-up comedian born and (mostly) raised in the Pittsburgh suburb of Swissvale, and he doesn't hide his Yinzer accent.
  • The Guardian: Allegedly takes place in Pittsburgh, but not one single person who ever appeared on this show sounds like they're from Pittsburgh.

    Web Video 
  • Pittsburgh Dad: Picksburg Dad is the prime example of the Pittsburgh accent n'at, and don't none of yinz jagoffs try and argue.
  • Sports YouTuber UrinatingTree is a Pittsburgh native and has even done a comically-exaggerated Yinzer accent from time to time, especially in relation to the Steelers and their fandom.

    Real Life 
  • Pittsburgh native Dennis Miller still has a bit of his Yinzer accent left.
  • Suburban Coraopolis native Michael Keaton still has a bit left, if you know what you're listening for.
  • John Calipari, Hall of Fame basketball coach at the University of Kentucky and a native of suburban Pittsburgh, has even more of his accent left.
  • Character actor Ed O'Ross (born Ed Orosz).
  • BILLY MAYS HERE, AND I'D LIKE TO TELL YOU ABAHT MY HOMETAHN, PITTSBURGH!
  • Fred Rogers: Mr. Rogers, being an educated man from Latrobe, about an hour away, probably had the most famous version of what a "polished" version of the accent sounds like.
  • Andy Warhol: Grew up as Andrew Warhola in a working-class family in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, and while he enthusiastically embraced life in New York and elsewhere, he never lost his native accent.
  • The late, beloved Pittsburgh Steelers sportscaster Myronnote  Cope had a particularly jarring one, along with a bit of Alter Kocker. Justified as he began as a writer, not as someone who announced in public. Fans loved his unusual delivery and personality, anyway.
  • Bill Eadie, a professional wrestler originally from Brownsville, PA who is most famous as Ax, one half of the tag team Demolition, had a very noticeably thick Yinzer accent. Kinda made being billed from "Parts Unknown" laughable to any of us.
    • Further to that, Kurt Angle never managed to drop his accent either.
    • Nor has Britt Baker, though her very high level of education (she's a practicing dentist when not wrestling) has muted it to a degree. Her hometown of Punxsutawney (as in Groundhog Day) is about 80 miles northeast, but most of western Pennsylvania has an essentially identical accent. She also graduated from the University of Pittsburgh's dental school.
  • Seth Meyers' dad is a Pittsburgh native, complete with rabid Stiller fandom and accent, and Seth himself can do a pretty good Yinzer from time to time despite never having lived in the area.
  • Joe Manganiello is another Pittsburgher who can demonstrate a completely unpolished Yinzer accent dubbed "too much for TV". As Seth points out to him, the reaction of people who have never heard Pittsburghese before can tend to be 'you're making this up'.
    Seth: It's like Dothraki.

Philly
About halfway between Da Bronx/Noo Yawk and Pittsburgh, in both geography and accents, is Philly. Take Pittsburgh's flat vowel sounds, combine it with Da Bronx's disdain for pronouncing the letter h, add gratuitous use of "yo" as an interjection, and "youse" as a plural second person pronoun (possessive form: youse's), and you're about there. The 'ow' sound is replaced with a flat 'a', so "owl" becomes "al" and "towel" becomes "tal". Pronouncing "water" as "wooder" is also common and considered by many to be the defining characteristic of a Philly accent (this feature also spills into Maryland and parts of New Jersey and Delaware). Other characteristics include a clipped, percussive inflection, insistence on using articles (i.e. the, this) even when they do not hold particular grammatical weight, and stereotypically Mid-atlantic vowel traits (ex. "cot" and "caught", "Don" and "Dawn" sounding very distinct from one another.) The use of "jawn" as a placeholder or replacement for a noun is another dead giveaway (though it also sees use in southern New Jersey). A Philadelphian might react to a story in the newspaper about the local football team with "Yo, you see dis jawn in da Inky abaht dee Iggles?"(Translation: "Hey, did you see this thing in the Philadelphia Inquirer about the Eagles?") However, certain neighborhoods do experience a slight difference in accent and wording, according to its inhabitants. Well-known regional accents include South Philly, North Philly, Northeast Philly, and Delco. A lot of the features listed here are very distinctly South Philly. North Philly is mostly Black and Hispanic and you'll hear mainly Black English Vernacular (see "Urban"), though with more similarity to the White accents than you see elsewhere ("wooder" is not uncommon for Black Philadelphia dialect, and "jawn" probably migrated from Black Philly to White Philly).

As an aside, Philadelphia's dialects are among the best-studied of American English, as William Labov, the father of American dialectology, was based at the University of Pennsylvania.

Stereotype: Thick-headed, overly aggressive. Superstitious and crazy when it comes to their sports teams.

Examples:

    Anime and Manga 
  • In the English dub of The Cat Returns, Muta speaks with a Philadelphia accent.

    Film 
  • Rocky Balboa, the definitive South Philly accent.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Bill Guarnere and Babe Heffron from Band of Brothers.
    • The real Bill Guarnere and Babe Heffron, as seen in the interview clips. The actors portraying them don't use accurate Philly accents.
  • Seeley Booth on Bones occasionally slips into this. Unsurprising, considering both the character and actor David Boreanaz are from Philadelphia.
  • It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, of course-although not necessarily with the main characters, as only Rob McElehenny, who plays Mac, is actually from Philly (although Danny DeVito, being from Monmouth County, New Jersey, arguably has a sort of half-Philly, half-New York accent). However, some Philly-based actors do show up in bit parts.
  • Mad Men: Betty Draper's father, Gene Hofstadt. Betty and her brother don't seem to have the accent; this is probably the influence of education (probably unlike Gene, they grew up in the Pennsylvania Main Line town of Lower Merion).
  • Mare of Easttown is set in Delco and nails the Delco subdialect so well it's practically a character unto itself.
  • Saturday Night Live:
    • Tina Fey, raised in Upper Darby, uses the accent to great comic effect in a 2015 "Bronx Beat".
    • The central joke of the 2021 SNL parody commercial "Murdur Durdur" is how much the aforementioned Mare of Easttown leaned on the "extremely specific" Delco accent (and culture).

    Radio 
  • Bart Rathbone from Adventures in Odyssey seems to have this.
  • Mark Levin on his talk radio show, though it's a little bit muted. He comes by it naturally, having been born in Philly proper and raised just on the other side of the city line in Montgomery County.

    Real Life 
  • CNBC host Jim Cramer.
  • Will Smith.
  • Chris Matthews of Hardball.
  • Bill Cosby.
  • Benjamin Netanyahu speaks English in a mixture of Middle East and Philly. (Though born in Tel Aviv, he spent a large part of his childhood, including all of his high school years, in the Philly suburbs.)

Pennsylvania Dutch
The old joke goes that Pennsylvania has Pittsburgh on one side, Philadelphia on the other, and Alabama in between. The large rural population in central Pennsylvania frequently carries the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect - "rural" here meaning "anyone not living in an urban center, and probably a lot of city folk too." The dialect originates from the German settlers ("Dutch" here being a holdover from when the word meant "any speaker of a West Germanic languagenote  from the Continent" and not "person from the Netherlands", and not helped by its similarity to the German autonym Deutsch) in the area in the early 18th century. Fun fact: these non-English settlers were deeply mistrusted by the English colonists to the east - Ben Franklin, among others, wrote about his fear that the young nation might be corrupted by the dregs of German society. The dialect also survives in a few neighboring states, but the vast majority of speakers can be found in central Pennsylvania. Main features of this dialect are omission of words and scrambling of sentence construction ("Throw the cow over the fence some hay," rather than "Throw some hay over the fence for that cow.") Particularly glaring is the removal of the verb phrase "to be" - "That car needs washed" is seen as a totally complete and correct sentence to native speakers. There is also a general sing-songy lilt in conversation, particularly found in questions. Similar to Pittsburgh, "you all" is said as "youns." More extreme examples feature consonant changes more akin to German speech. Also found are certain figures of speech - "come here once" (or "vonst") instead of "come here for a moment," for example, or "the chips are all" instead of "the chips are all gone." Confusing, ain't?

Also found in central Pennsylvania are some of the largest communities of Amish Mennonites, famous for living simply and eschewing modern technology, though how much each particular community avoids or embraces certain technology seems to vary, as well as how dutchy their speech is. But yes, the horse and buggies are frequently found on the roads of Lancaster and Snyder counties.

Stereotype: Country rednecks who eat weird food (look up scrapple if you haven't heard of it), or buggy-driving barn-raisers.

Examples:

  • Regular Car Reviews: Neither Mr. Regular nor the Roman have this accent (they might be from Berks County but they're not old-school Dutch), but Mr. Regular does a good impression of his (fondly-remembered) Dutchie marching-band bus driver from high school in their school bus video.

Baltimorean
Baltimoreans say they are from "Ballamur" or "Bawlmore", which is in the state of "Merlin" or "Marilyn", and hang a "hon" (short for "honey", pronounced "hun") at the ends of their sentences. If they are deep-inner-city Baltimore, all the vowels are different from all the other American vowels; back vowels are eliminated in favor of front rounded vowels. One of the defining characteristics of this accent is the strong fronting of the "oh" vowel in particular; when exaggerated, it practically becomes a long-a sound (like the "a" in "state"). Consonants occurring in the middle or at the end of a word are often dropped, slurred, or replaced with a glottal stop.

The accent is very similar to the Philadelphia accent in many ways, albeit with some slight differences. Like Philly, Baltimoreans say "wooder" for "water", "tal" for "towel", and use the word "yo" liberally. They also make a heavy distinction between the vowel in "cot" and "caught" in the same way. Occasionally sticks 'R's where they don't belong, as in "Warshington DC". People of Baltimore go "downy ayshin" for vacation, meaning down to Ocean City, MD. An odd mix of European immigrant, Northeastern, Dixie, Appalachian, and Tidewater.

Stereotype: Polite guy who somehow ended up having your wallet; truck-stop waitress. People in John Waters' movies.

Examples:

    Film 
  • Edna Turnblad and others in Hairspray. People watching the 2007 remake often wondered why John Travolta was speaking so strangely, but his accent was fairly accurate.

    Live-Action TV 
  • The Wire: Surprisingly few, all things considered—although when you remember that most of the cast is Black (who have a different accent) this becomes less surprising. Ballmur accents are most common in Season 2, where a lot of the dockworkers have more modern "soft" B-more accents; the White police (e.g. Valchek and Rawls) are mostly the same, along with Carcetti (who shows up in Season 3, but never mind) (McNulty, the most prominent White cop, has an unplaceable accent, as Dominic West is actually from Yorkshire, and Herc is supposedly originally from New York and speaks with his actor's natural Queens accent). In Season 4, Lt. Asher notably mentions building his summer house "downy ayshin." Also, McNulty intentionally affects a very thick Bawlmore accent in Season 5 when he's posing as the fake serial killer he made up in a phone call he made to Scott Templeton. The show's best examples of genuine Ballmur accents come from those who were cast more for their authentic backgrounds than their acting. Lt. Mello, for instance, who is played by former real-life Baltimore homicide detective Jay Landsman.
  • Showed up occasionally on Homicide: Life on the Street.
  • Ethyl Darling from American Horror Story: Freak Show speaks in a thick Baltimore accent.

    Music 
  • 90's Boy Band Dru Hill (whose most well-known member is Sisqo of "Thong Song" fame) is named after Druid Hill Park, pronounced "Dru Hill" in the local accent.

    Podcasts 
  • Nick Mullen and Stavros Halkias of Cum Town, both Maryland natives, made ample use of the Baltimorean accent in recalling people they know from there, as well as making up characters from scratch.

    Video Games 

Midwestern
As with the British "Received Pronunciation", the target of many American actors is, unless the role allows them to use their own regional accent, or a "regional" is required by the character, the neutral-sounding accent of the Midwestern states sometimes called Newscaster English or General American.

This seems to lead to Americans claiming that people from the Midwest "don't have an accent", whereas, like everyone else on Earth, they obviously do.

There is, in fact, a distinct Midwestern accent spoken by Midwesterners. Just as some Southerners speak with accents while others talk like people on TV, some Midwesterners speak with a very distinct accent while others talk like people on TV. Generally speaking, the more rural you get, the "flatter" and more nasally-aspirated the vowels sound, taking on a similar affect to Inland North, but without the associated vowel shift. The native accent is centered on the state of Iowa (as well as central Illinois), but it's being encroached upon from all sides (and particularly by Inland North from the Great Lakes), and may eventually disappear from the wild (or mutate into something else).

Stereotype: None, really, as this is the closest to a "default" American accent, and doesn't draw attention to itself as a specifically regional accent. If overemphasized, or contrasted with accents from metropolitan areas, can imply "naive bumpkin" or "hayseed". See also those "Mid-West farmers' daughters".

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 
  • Mad Men: Don Draper. It adds to his general and highly cultivated "All-American Man" air, so you might think it to be fakery, but he came by it honestly. He grew up in the middle of nowhere in Illinoisnote  (he eventually moved to central Pennsylvania, but he was ten years old by then).

    Multiple Media 
  • Midwestern is the most common American accent in fiction. This is (as stated in the page description) due to the fact that it is very neutral, easy to fake, and doesn't carry the baggage of any regional identity (which would make it harder for Americans outside of that region to relate to the character).

    Real Life 
  • Edward R. Murrow had this accent. This is part of why it is "Newscaster Standard" and the closest to a "generic" American accent.
  • Similarly, Walter Cronkite, from Kansas City, has a slightly North Midlands-influenced version of this accent.
  • Brits: this is John Barrowman's American accent. He acquired it honestly, having spent his adolescence in Aurora, Illinois (just far enough away from Chicago to avoid speaking Chicagonese).
  • Gary Sinise, thanks to his growing up in Chicago.
  • Brad Jones, aka The Cinema Snob, from Springfield, Illinois.
  • Rush Limbaugh, from Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Though Cape is close to the border between the Midwestern and Southern accent zones, he grew up in a family of prominent lawyers with roots farther north in the state.
  • Sheryl Crow, who grew up a bit more than an hour's drive south of Cape in the Missouri bootheel town of Kennett, has a slightly Southern-influenced version.

Chicagonese / Inland North
Ranging from northern New York to to Southeast Wisconsin along the Great Lakes, this is the result of the famed Northern Cities Vowel Shift. This accent gets stronger as you go further west, but is most closely associated with Chicago, and to a lesser extent Cleveland. Guido mobsters will be heard using the accent, if they aren't using the Brooklyn one. The word for carbonated soft drinks is "pop", except for the eastern reaches of the dialect in central New York as well as Eastern Wisconsin (especially the Milwaukee area), where it's "soda". People from the "pop"-saying area tend to be very defensive about it, regarding "soda" as a word exclusively denoting the non-scientific name for sodium bicarbonate (baking soda); a few Eastern-educated Midwesterners (David Foster Wallace comes to mind) attempt to keep the peace by calling it "soda-pop," though to what effect is unclear. Among the most universal traits:
  • "ah" as in "cot" becomes closer to the "a" in "cat"note ,
  • "aw" as in "caught" moves in to fill the space left behind by "ah" (though the two sounds remain distinct),
  • the short "a" (as in the aforementioned "cat") is frequently broken into a diphthong ("can" comes out like "keean", for example),
  • The short "e" as in "bet" moves to the short "u" in "cut",
  • The short "u" as in "cut" sounds more like "aw", and
  • The short "i" in "bit" is lowered and backed, sounding more like "bet", but kept distinct, so that the pin-pen merger does not occur.
  • Velar stops are also frequently exaggerated, especially after consonants (the word Wisconsin would be pronounced wisConsin).
  • When the letter "s" appears at the end of a word, it is pronounced like an "s," unlike most other accents which pronounce it like a "z."
  • Areas on the Canadian border will also feature Canadian Raising that affects only the long "I"-sound. The words "rider" and "writer" are distinct by virtue of their vowels, but people don't "go oat" when they leave the house.
  • While not always present, some may pronounce "oht" and "awt" sounds with L's in them (e.g. "both" becomes "bolth").

Incidentally, pre-Vowel Shift Inland North is the "original" Yankee dialect, brought by settlers from Upstate New York and New England: Michigan was settled almost entirely by New Yorkers and New Englanders, as were northern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois (the southern parts of these states were settled by Virginians), and southern Wisconsin (the northern part being settled by more or less fresh-off-the-boat Germans and Scandinavians). Ironically, if we were to hear John Adams talk today, we'd probably remark that he sounded more like he was from Detroit or Chicago than Boston.

Stereotype: Die-hard fan of local sports teams (professional and college-level), to the point of violence against fans of rival teams. Has a penchant for beer and anything made entirely of meat, especially sausage. Likely to have a bushy mustache. In New York, tends to overlap with the "hayseed" stereotype, representing either dairy farmers from the North Country, or ethnic Germans and Italians from (slightly) more urban CNY.

Examples:

    Film 

    Live-Action TV 
  • Mac Taylor had Gary Sinise’s Chicago accent in CSI: NY. The character grew up there and moved to New York to join the NYPD.
  • NYPD Blue was notorious for confusing the two.
  • Saturday Night Live's Superfans, though the accent is exagerrated for comedic effect.
  • A couple of the characters on Parks and Recreation, which, being set in Indiana—albeit south-central Indiana—isn't too far off the mark. Jim O'Heir's Jerry/Larry/Terry/Garry Gergich is the best example (and no wonder-O'Heir is from Chicago).
  • Roseanne, set in (fictional) Lanford, Illinois, features this accent heavily.note  Much of the cast is from the Midwest and speak this way naturally - one of the many differences between the two Beckys is that Lecy Goranson is from Evanston, Illinois (which borders Chicago to the north) and speaks with a very strong Chicagonese accent, whereas Sarah Chalke is from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and... doesn't.
  • Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul: Saul Goodman has Bob Odenkirk's native Chicago accent (Odenkirk being born in Berwyn and raised in Naperville). It figures, since although the series are set in Albuquerque, Saul—actual name Jimmy McGill—is originally from Cicero (which is next door to Berwyn). Native New Yorker Michael McKean adopted an "educated" Chicagonese to play Jimmy's brother Chuck in Seasons 1-3 of Better Call Saul.

    Professional Wrestling 
  • Second City Saints Ace Steel, CM Punk and Colt Cabana, the former two being Chicago natives.

    Web Animation 
  • Coach Z of Homestar Runner fame has an exaggerated version of this accent, though most people with this accent will not say "jorb". (They might, however, say "jaahb".)

    Web Original 
  • Doug Walker of Channel Awesome.
  • The Irate Gamer, most obviously in words like "both" or "flaw", which become "bolth" and "flawl", respectively.
  • jan Misali has a noticeable Inland North accent. They've mentioned that some people hear their pronunciation of "solid" as "salad". Since Inland North is a bit of a misnomer, they prefer to call it Great Lakes English.
  • Nick The Smoker, tobacco reviewer from Chicago.

    Real Life 

North Midland
This accent is sort of what happens when Appalachian meets Inland North, but also takes cues from Pittsburgh. It's spoken in central and southern Ohio, central Indiana and Illinois, and parts of Iowa and Missouri (where it starts to merge with Midwestern), and can sometimes be found as far west as parts of Nebraska and northern Kansas, and may overlap with communities like Wheeling and Weirton, West Virginia, with W. Virginia's northern panhandle being one of the few parts of the state actually located north of the Mason-Dixon line.

It has the same back-vowel shifts as Inland North, but can retain some features of Appalachian ("warsh" comes up from time to time, ESPECIALLY in St. Louis). The biggest peculiarity of this accent (if not a universal one) is the "positive anymore"; essentially using the word "anymore" to mean something like "nowadays" or "from now on". Other traits include pluralizing determiners like "what" and "who" by using the word "all" as a suffix ("what all", "who all", etc.), shortening "needs to be" to "needs" (such as "The car needs washed"), and using "you guys" as a plural form of "you". Whether a given speaker refers to soft drinks as "pop" or "soda" depends on which part of the dialect's range they're from.

Stereotype: Being rustic without quite being a full-blown hillbilly. Or just being a hillbilly, if you're feeling unkind. Alternatively, way too hardcore Big Ten football fans.

St. Louis
Think Inland North trapped in the North Midland. Despite being closer to the Ozarks than Chicago, the St. Louis accent is heavily influenced by the Northern Cities Vowel Shift and sounds quite similar to Chicagonese with some notable local differences, such as the use of "soda" instead of "pop" as well as some influence from Pittsburgh and Appalachia, mainly the word "warsh". Warsh, however, is most commonly used by the older generation and is gradually dying out with time, causing St. Louis to become more and more of an Inland North city.

There is also some influence from Yat as St. Louis was owned by France a very long time ago and still has the second largest Mardi Gras celebration in the country after New Orleans. In parts of South St. Louis, especially in neighborhoods settled by French and Italian immigrants, the word "po boy" is used for a submarine sandwich, although this is quickly dying out and being replaced with "sub".

Also, "hoosier" refers to anyone from the country and is a term of derision (sorry, Indiana). St. Louisans are especially well-known for substituting the th sound with a d, as in "Get in dat car over dere" instead of "Get in that car over there." Nicknames are big in St. Louis - the Cardinals will always be "da Cards", Interstate 40 / 64 will always be "40", University City is "U City", Jefferson County is "Jeff County" and of course North County, South County, Mid County, and West County all refer to the different parts of St. Louis County.

Stereotype: Loves the Cardinals to the point of religion, as well as Budweiser beer and toasted ravioli. Criticizes all other parts of St. Louis besides their own neighborhood.

Examples:

    Real Life 
  • Mayor Francis Slay and Police Chief Sam Dotson, both heard throughout the country as a result of the Ferguson unrest.
  • John Goodman
  • Jon Hamm was born in St. Louis and grew up in its suburbs. His accent is closer to the "neutral" Midwestern on account of practice, but it still shows up sometimes.
  • St. Louis Cardinals radio broadcaster Mike Shannon has a very pronounced older style St. Louis accent, with the Redbirds playing the "Warshington" Nationals several times a year- and makes constant references to sponsors Budweiser, Bud Light, and Busch beer. Beloved fellow Cardinals broadcaster Jack Buck, with whom Shannon broadcast for nearly 30 years before Buck passed away, also had a broad St. Louis accent. Their strongly local flavor is/was one of the reasons the KMOX broadcasts of the games are *everywhere* in the summer.

Michigan
This is probably best described as a strange combination of the Inland North and Vermont accents. There's a hint of influence from their Canadian neighbors — "about" is not quite pronounced "aboot", but it's close, and "eh" is relatively common. Humorously, people with these accents are perhaps the most likely to say, "But we don't have an accent," second, perhaps, only to those with the standard Midwestern accent.

This accent is also characterized by a glottal stop; t 's (and sometimes g 's and nd 's) are often chopped off at the end of words. Talking quickly is an optional part of the accent, but doing so makes the above-mentioned glottal stop more defined, and obviously, it has the effect of having words sound slurred together. Some endword consonants—r, in particular—are more drawn out than usual. For instance, fire sounds like "fye-errr;" particularly distinctive is the pronunciation of "car." In Southeast Michigan, unnecessarily adding a possessive "'s" to proper nouns is a common additional feature. "Ford's" (for the car company) is particularly common, as is "Meijer's" (for Meijer, the less-evil local version of Walmart). Some Southwest Michigan communities (Holland, Zeeland, et al.) have Dutch heritage festivals, and some of the residents' speech patterns may be reminiscent of Dutch ancestry.

The other thing to remember is this: Someone from Michigan is called a "Michigander"; stress the second-to-last syllable (Mish-uh-GAN-der). "Michiganian" is less common and not as heavily favored in-state.

Michiganders will refer to their home state's state-level roads by their number, prefixed by the letter M, and refer to interstate highways by their number with the letter I prefixed, so when you ask a Michigander for driving directions, you'll hear terms like "I-96" or "I-75" and "M-37" or "M-44" (assuming that they don't use a local "proper" name, like "the Jeffries" for "I-96" in Southeast Michigan).

Consult this guide for more information.

Examples:

    Real Life 
  • Tim Allen. It's most notable in The Santa Clause series, where he repeatedly says "roof" as "ruf".
  • Iggy Pop's Michigan accent is on full display in his bit with Tom Waits in Coffee and Cigarettes. You can kind of hear it elsewhere, but in that scene it's particularly obvious.
  • The White Stripes: Jack White's Detroit origins are clear whenever he isn't faking being from somewhere else; Meg never even bothers to fake an accent on the rare occasions she does speak. Incidentally, they also get a scene, in their native accents, in Coffee and Cigarettes.
  • Michael Moore.
  • Alice Cooper, with a touch of Appalachia (his mother is from Tennessee).
  • Glenn Frey, born in Detroit and raised in Royal Oak, had quite a distinctive one.
  • The singer Porcelain Black has this accent. You especially notice it when she speaks in interviews.

Minnesoooota/Upper Midwest
Scandahoovian. It is found in the states of the northern Midwest west of the Great Lakes, chiefly Minnesota (the state that it's most frequently associated with), North Dakota, Northeastern Montana, Northern Wisconsin, and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Has a mixed influence of Canadian and Scandinavian accents. A mix of flat vowels and a sing-song inflection make this accent hard to describe. Common phrases include "Don'cha know" and "You (pronounced yoowoo) betcha." "Yes" is expressed as "Yah" with a pulled "A", commonly as "Oh ya-a-ah". "Coupon" is pronounced "kyoo-pahn." A common bumper sticker in Michigan's Upper Peninsula perfectly sums up this accent: "I'm from da UP, eh?" (pronounced "I'm frum daah yoo-pee, ay?") Some of the "yooper"isms may also cross over to the Lower Michigan accent, above (particularly north of Saginaw, it gets stronger the closer you get to the Mackinac Bridge).

In North Dakota in particular, there is a peculiar slurring of words with two stressed "oo"s such as root. Words like these are shortened into a short U sound, rhyming with "put".

Stereotype: Homespun, self-effacing, middle-aged, stay-at-home moms. Surprised by any attitude prevalent after the 1950s. Very frequently a Glurge Addict. Examples: Bobby's mom from Bobby's World cartoon, the den mother for the nursery in A Bug's Life, Frances McDormand in Fargo. Mothers outside of the Upper Midwest seem to develop this accent for some strange reason, all around the nation!

Examples:

    Film 
  • See Fargo for a classic movie example.
  • Grace, the receptionist at Ferris Bueller's school.
  • The porcupines from Over the Hedge seemed to have these.
  • Blanche Gunderson in the film New in Town.
  • Escanaba in Da Moonlight is a perfect example of the "yooper" accent.
  • Most of the cast of Drop Dead Gorgeous have thick Minnesota accents. Allison Janney later gave a more muted version in Juno (also set in Minnesota).

    Live-Action TV 
  • Mystery Science Theater 3000 did dead-on parodies of this in several episodes. Tom Servo and Pearl Forrester display less-exaggerated versions of same. (After all, the show was produced in Minnesota by a cast and crew of Upper Midwesterners.)
  • See any show with Richard Dean Anderson (MacGyver (1985), Stargate SG-1).
  • Lucille Tarlek from WKRP in Cincinnati (Edie McClurg, of course)
  • Debbie Dooley (and her husband Doug, although he only appears in one episode) from Good Luck Charlie has a very thick one as her family moved to Denver from Iowa. Complete with the overuse of "don'tcha know".

    Music 
  • Da Yoopers, being a band from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, alternate between playing it straight and exaggerating it for laughs.
  • You can hear traces of Bob Dylan's northern Minnesota roots on his first few albums, particularly the way he vocalizes the letter R.

    Radio 

    Recorded And Stand-Up Comedy 

    Video Games 

    Web Animation 
  • hololive: Nerissa Ravencroft may be a thousands-year-old demon who was locked up in a prison for countless millennia, but she invoked this upon her audience shortly after her debut when she established "Ope!"note  as a Verbal Tic. For the most part she has a generic Newscaster's English accent, but she tends to slip into her Scandahoovian accent when she's surprised or flustered— something she admits she's embarrassed about and wishes to stay away as much as possible. Because she incorporated her own family into her character lore, whenever one of them is heard speaking on her streams, they often speak in bits of subdued Scandahoovian as well.
  • RWBY: Penny Polendina and her voice actress Taylor McNee speak in a very mild version of this accent.

    Web Original 
  • As might be expected, Rifftrax continues this; in one movie (The Day After Tomorrow, IIRC), they even have a lengthy conversation about ice-fishing that highlights the peculiarities of speech, with such phrases as "a coupla two-t'ree beers", while Dennis Quaid and crew are walking across a large, snowy area.
  • Atop the Fourth Wall: Linkara has a mild case. Most noticeable in his pronouncing "oo" as "uh" (as in "ruhm" and "ruhf").
  • Fictosophy: "Translating Minnesota Nice" features a Minnesota accent so thick that subtitles are needed. And that goes over well.

    Western Animation 

    Real Life 
  • Sarah Palin was raised in the Mat-Su Valley region of Alaska, which was the site for a large, WPA-sponsored relocation from Minnesota in the 1930's, thus giving her speech a Minnesota-like sound to it note .
  • To stir up tourism in Michigan in the eighties, the state passed out bumper stickers that said "Say Yes to Michigan". Naturally, the Upper Peninsula folks came up with their own Yooper version - "Say Ya to da UP, eh?".
  • Republican politician Michele Bachmann has a thick Minnesotan accent. Although born in Iowa, she was raised mostly in Minnesota by Norwegian Lutheran Democrats. She is as close to the stereotype as you can get.

Cowpoke
Spoken in the Mountain Time Zone and parts of Texas; may be confused with Dixie by the uninitiated. Example: "I'm going to get on my horse" becomes "Ahm-a-gonna-git-ahn-muh-horse." In literature, this accent is frequently described as a "Texas drawl" with lots of "th" and "rr" sounds: "Oil" = "errl" — sometimes. You can often tell what part of Texas the speaker is from by the way he/she pronounces "oil business". In some parts, it is pronounced "awl bidniz". However, the association of this accent with Texas is a partial fallacy, as there are at least five separate English dialects spoken in Texas. They range through a cowboy drawl, to a straight southern accent, to the stilted speech pattern characteristic of President Bush. A recent outgrowth of the tech boom in Houston and Austin is that many people newly immigrated to the US will take on this accent, although most depictions in media still give recent immigrants New York, California or neutral (relative to their native) accents.

Stereotype: Laconic, to the point of being nearly mute.

Examples:

    Film 

    Live-Action TV 
  • In the pilot for WKRP in Cincinnati, Gary Sandy (as New Mexican Andy Travis) has a noticeable one. It's fainter as the show goes on.

    Music 
  • Country Music cult figure Chris LeDoux, who also had a long career as a rodeo cowboy.

    Real Life 

Jello Belt
The curious intersection of Cowboy and Valley Girlnote  found in the predominantly Mormon regions of the Intermountain West: Utah, southern Idaho, plus parts of Arizona, Nevada and Wyoming. Think Napoleon Dynamite. Look for a thorough caught-cot merger and a prominent glottal stop resulting in the letter T swallowed whole out of some words (like "mountain" and "button"), only to be burped back up in others where it doesn't belong (the Nelsons and the Wilsons become "the Neltsons and the Wiltsons").

Generally spoken with a slow, singsong rhythm, but multi-word proper nouns often get squished together as though they're single words ("BookoMormon", "SalLakeCity"). Minced oaths are common as well, especially on Sundee, the Lard's day. Unique jargon includes using "ignorant" (pronounced "ignernt") to mean "rude," using "scone" to mean "piece of fried bread," "pitcher" to mean "picture," and saying "sluff" instead of "cut class" or "play hooky" ("She sluffed 3rd period yesterday").

Has been steadily losing ground to Midwestern / Newscaster in more urban areas since the nineties.

If you're planning to visit Idaho, remember that residents of Boise, the state capital, pronounce their city as (BOY-see) as noted on the city's website, while most people from elsewhere usually pronounce it as (BOY-zee). The official (BOY-see) pronunciation is sometimes used to distinguish between native Idahoans and those from elsewhere in the country, or even the occasional Canadian.

Stereotype: Those missionaries on your doorstep; Donny and Marie Osmond.

Examples:

    Film 

    Literature 
  • Lillenthal in Corner Of A Round Planet has this accent, minus the minced curses (he's an army man...) The accent is described, and all dialogue given to the character matches both the word choices and the sentence structures typical of someone native to southern Idaho.

    Live-Action TV 

    Real Life 
  • Wilford Brimley. Memetic Mutation of his Liberty Medical commercials has made him famous for the way he pronounced "diabetes" as "diabeetus" (which is usually more associated with the Southern accent, but can crop up in a lot of places), but his voice otherwise displays the slow, singsongy nature of the Jello Belt accent.
  • Animator Don Bluth is certainly no exception, as you can obviously hear from his numerous tutorial videos for future animators who were influenced by his works on his site. This is probably due to the fact that he grew up on a dairy farm in Payson, Utah.
  • Orrin Hatch, longtime US senator from Utah.

Californian
The general case (oppose Valley Girl, Surfer Dude, NorCal) of the Californian accent is pretty similar to "Newscaster" Midwestern, enough so that many people staunchly refuse to believe there is a Californian accent outside of Valley/Surfer or NorCal. Mostly notable for its vowel sounds- basically put, there are fewer distinct vowels in Californian than other accents. For example, "ah" and "aw" are merged, resulting in the pairs "cot" and "caught", "collar" and "caller", "Don" and "Dawn" being indistinguishable. Some vowel shifts and mergers happen on a more local basis- one common shibboleth is to ask for a glass of "melk," for example. Differentiation tends to be more on the basis of vocabulary.

Another sometimes-noted California trait, especially in the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, is a habit of drawling really fast. No, seriously; words or individual syllables tends to be longer than in many accents, but they come spaced closer together. This ends up sounding like many Californians are mumbling at lower volumes.

Note that word usage varies slightly from place to place. For example, the word "hella", discussed below under "NorCal", does not exist in the English language south of Fresno County. The terminology that residents use for freeways also differs between NorCal and SoCal. In the south, residents will call a freeway by its identifying number with a preceding article, e.g. calling Interstate 5 "the Five" or US Highway 101 "the One-Oh-One". The use of the article in this context is almost as much of an annoyance for Northern Californians as "hella" is in the south; in the north, the same two roads are invariably called "Five" and "One-Oh-One".

There is also the California Mountain subcategory found in (obviously) the rural and sparsely-populated mountain ranges of SoCal, which is slightly less enunciated and more likely to use "ain't". Any place at lower altitude is "down the hill", and residents of the low-lying cities are derisively called "flatlanders". This accent is rarely, if ever, heard in media, and the differences are sufficiently subtle that non-Californians probably won't notice anyway.

There is a Central Valley subcategory as well. People living in the Central Valley, from Redding at the northern end to Bakersfield at the southern end, may have more Southern-sounding speech than people who live on the coast, largely because of farmers who moved to the Central Valley from Oklahoma during the Great Depression. Some Southern accent traits that show up include the "positive anymore," the pin pen merger, and the use of "was" where English traditionally uses "were."

Stereotype: Not too many that actually fall into this category; its more stereotyped children get their own categories below.

Valley Girl (California)
Exaggerated form of a California accent? It's associated with California's (and especially Southern California's) vast tracts of suburbia, and takes its name from, like, the San Fernando Valley? Northwest of Los Angeles? It's like, I mean, a breezy, like, breathless, totally sing-song rhythm, you know? And it, like, ends every sentence as if it has, like, a question mark? (This is called a rising inflection, and is common in most of California; see above under The Affect for more information.) Like, you totally stretch out, like, the vowels in, like, the sentence, at random? Or to add, like, emphasis? (Valley girl enunciation also frequently features an extreme version of some SoCal speakers' tendency to pronounce vowels a little further back in the mouth than most; when this appears without the valspeak stereotype, it can be a little jarring and unplaceable.)

While this accent was popularized in the 80's, it made a comeback in a big way in the New Tens due to the rise of California-based reality- and social media stars. More recently, 21st century forms of this accent (most notably embodied in the Kardashian sisters) have been blamed, rightly or wrongly, for the worldwide spread of vocal fry, a low, creaky register that seems to denote increased seriousness. As with many linguistic innovations associated with young women, people's opinion of it is... mixed.

Stereotype: Like, ditzy suburban sorority girl who is, like, #obsessed with taking the perfect selfie?

Examples:

    Comic Books 

    Film 

    Live-Action TV 
  • Selfie has this from main character Eliza (played by Scottish Karen Gillan), with (in Karen's words) with upward inflections, and likes, and a croak in her voice.
  • The title character of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Perhaps more pronounced in the movie than the series, but it popped up in both now and then.
  • So is Laguna Beach. Omigod!
  • Valley Girl Vicki on Saturday Night Live.
  • Kimberly, the first Pink Power Ranger, had this as one of her most defining traits.
  • From The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Will's oldest cousin Hilary spoke this way. Ironically, she hates San Fernando Valley.

    Music 
  • Moon Zappa on (her father) Frank Zappa's track "Valley Girl" (which allegedly established the "Valley Girl" as a cultural phenomenon outside the San Fernando Valley itself).
  • "#Selfie" by The Chainsmokers is a ruthless parody of this.
  • Kathleen Hanna, the frontwoman of Bikini Kill and Le Tigre, often speaks and sings in this accent, much to the surprise of people expecting a Riot Grrrl punk rocker to sound like somebody other than Cher Horowitz. What's more, she didn't come by it organically; rather, she adopted the accent as a teenager growing up in The '80s because she associated it with the rich girls and thought it would make her sound more posh.

    Western Animation 
  • Whittnay and Brittnay, the Biskit Twins from, like, Littlest Pet Shop (2012)
  • Shirley McLoon on Tiny Toon Adventures or some junk. Voiced by Gail Matthius, who also played the aforementioned Valley Girl Vicki.
  • Adventure Time's Lumpy Space Princess speaks like a Valley Girl, with emphasis on the croak and a low register. She is voiced by a man (series creator Pendleton Ward).

Surfer Dude (California)
The male equivalent of the above, fallen from style (in favor of "Urban") as the teenage poser accent. Occasionally also called "Dudebro". All the "cool" kids used it in the 80s. Typical phrases: "Duuuuuuuuuuude!", "Gnarly!" Usually seen as a result of attempts to be Totally Radical. While its coolness has fallen out of style, it's still common in coastal Southern California, along with Military Basic. Stoner characters in movies tend to speak in this accent regardless of where they're from. People in Southern California are also liable to use Spanish slang words when English is deemed insufficient, much like Yiddish in New York.

Stereotype: Stoner, poser, lazy teenage bum, older surfer, sk8er boy, or all the above.

Examples:

    Film 

    Live-Action Television 
  • Marty Deeks of NCIS: Los Angeles, befitting the laid back, surfer persona he embodies, particularly in early seasons.

    Music 

    Web Video 

    Western Animation 
  • Michelangelo of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles takes it to the extreme, dudes! Cowabunga!
  • In The Simpsons, Springfield's resident career criminal Snake Jailbird is known for his surfer accent and usage of the word "dude".

    Real Life / Truth In Television 
  • Pauly Shore.
  • Keanu Reeves. note 
  • Greg Cipes. His over-the-top surfer accent is completely genuine.
  • Truth in Television: for many native and long-time resident Californians, "dude" is ubiquitous and said straight without the stupid accent or (even) a hint of irony. It's a full-blown part of most Californians' vocabularies.
  • Jeff "The Dude" Bridges, of course.
  • J. G. Quintel, creator of Regular Show. He uses his normal voice for Mordecai, and has no shortage of "dude"s.
  • In his earlier days, James Portnow of YouTube channel "Extra Credits" spoke in some variant of this accent. You often find him speaking in his Extra history lies segments(in particular, check out this clip ). He has toned it down a notch now, but its still there.
  • Soundgarden and Pearl Jam drummer Matt Cameron (born and raised in San Diego). It's especially noticeable when he's interviewed alongside bandmates; just listen to this 1993 interview he and Soundgarden guitarist Kim Thayil (a midwesterner) did and this 2013 interview he and Pearl Jam guitarist Stone Gossard (a native to Seattle) did.

NorCal (California)
Imagine what a New Yorker would sound like if he lived in California for twenty years. This is the accent spoken by people in Northern California, especially the Bay Area, which is at its strongest in San Francisco. This accent is similar to a midwestern accent, but faster and almost whispery, with a hard R and slurred S. Think Clint Eastwood. This dialect is most famous for the word "Hella", meaning "very" or "a lot", which is guaranteed to annoy a Southern Californian. Another peculiarity of this accent is the way natives pronounce "San Francisco": combining the hard R and slurred S, it becomes "Saffernshissco".

The slurred S often makes a Northern Californian sound perpetually drunk to non-natives. Due to the high African-American and Mexican populations, some will also replace "th" sounds with "f" (as in, "goffic") as a result of the standard accent blending with Urban or Latino accents.

Stereotype: Anxious twenty-something, drinks and smokes heavily, pays close attention to indie music, and possibly Straight Gay. If a woman, she will fit all these qualities, plus wear a scarf and be quirky. Both of them are broke but talented artists—unless you're from Oakland, in which case you are a criminal, drug-dealer/user, poor, or a high-school dropout. Bonus points if they're a Starving Artist from Oakland trying to get to San Francisco or Los Angeles.

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 
  • MythBusters is full of these. Kari and Tory both have these, as well as nearly every friend of the show who comes on from time to time.

    Music 

    Real Life / Truth In Television 
  • Former Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett (example). Although born and mostly raised in Israel, he grew up speaking English at home as the son of immigrants from the Bay Area.
  • Clint Eastwood, born in San Francisco and raised mainly in Oakland.
  • Guy Fieri; though born in Ohio, he grew up in the Eureka area.
  • James and Dave Franco
  • WNBA star Sabrina Ionescu, an East Bay native. She exhibits a muted but still noticeable slurred "S" in these State Farm commercials.
  • George Lucas, from Modesto.
  • California Governor Gavin Newsom, born in San Francisco and raised in Marin County.
  • Sam Rockwell
  • Alison Scagliotti

Pasadena (California)
The majority of settlers of Pasadena came from The Chicago Area and later Texas and Louisiana rather than the Ozarks, so that city has developed a different accent that's gotten stronger with time. "Aba't" and "ta'n" (roughly) for "about" and "town", "Shooer" for sure, "airings" for "earrings", "Do'er battit" (don't worry about it), and copious Briticisms. Home of the aforementioned "melk".

Stereotype: Black and Nerdy, or possibly an Upper-Class Twit. Unfortunately, if they're on TV, they'll probably sound like they're from Connecticut.

    Real Life 
  • Jackie Robinson, born in Georgia but raised from early childhood in Pasadena, had an older version of this accent, not as strong as what's found there today. Here's his Baseball Hall of Fame induction speech from 1962.

Latino (California)
With the growing number of Latin Americans living in the United States, it was inevitable that the accent would start to creep into the media. This accent is commonly found in California, the Southwest, and other areas populated by Latinos, and is often filled with Spanish words and inflections, which has led to it being mistakenly labeled "Spanglish".

While most of the Latinos in other states are from one or two areas (Mexicans in California and New Mexico, Puerto Ricans in New York), Florida has a huge mix of Central American, Caribbean and South American accents while Texas has the Tejano English dialect. God help you if you confuse them, especially Venezuelan for Peruvian or Colombian. And remember, Brazilians speak Portuguese, not Spanish, as they will handily remind you numerous times.

A similar but more anglicized "general deep southwestern" accent has emerged running roughly from Downtown Los Angeles to Tucson, characterized by forming vowels in the far front of one's mouth. Think Edward James Olmos (himself an L.A. native).

Stereotype: Just think of all of the stereotypes about Latinos, and you're good to go. Number one being the stereotype that all Latin Americans from Mexico to Argentina have the same accent. Of note is that Guadalajaran is basically the Mexican equivalent of Midwestern — when exaggerated it makes you sound like a hayseed, but when played normally it's pretty much "standard Mexican".

Examples:

    Film 
  • American Me
  • Cheech Marin - A Latino born and raised in the San Fernando Valley, he uses his real-life accent in dramatic roles and exaggerates it in his comedy roles and standup work. Tommy Chong has more of a laidback Surfer accent.

    Real Life 

Pacific Northwestern
Often mistaken for Midwestern/Newscaster English, but there are some emerging distinctive features. People from this area do have a unique accent if listeners pay attention: as in Californian, they merge the low back vowels "ah" and "aw", resulting in the pairs "cot" and "caught", "collar" and "caller", "Don" and "Dawn" being indistinguishable. Other vowels are subject to Canadian vowel shifts, with short "e" sounding like a short "i" ("elk" -> "ilk"), short "a" like "ah", and some rounding of "ah" (which makes it sound like the British short "o"). Also the vowel "a" before the letter "g" is usually a sharp "aee", resulting in non-natives finding words like "drags" and "dregs" indistinguishable; one of the easiest ways to identify a native northwester is to ask him to say the word "dragon". Often, "full" sounds the same as "fool". The word "exit" is sometimes pronounced like "eggs-it", as well.

Place names and other special vocabulary get unique treatment. Many words and city names were borrowed from the languages of the Salish peoples native to the region. The Salishan languages are among the most tongue-twisting known to linguistics, and the borrowings, while easier to pronounce, are still bewildering. Words like "geoduck" ("gooeyduck"), "Puyallup" ("pyew-AL-up"), "Issaquah" ("ISS-uh-kwah"), "Sequim" ("squim") and Seattle (named after Chief Sealth) are some examples. At least one local TV station has run an ad with a newscaster rattling off correct pronunciations of local place names to emphasize that he grew up in the area rather than being an import from another market, and similar to the Yat example above, it's a source of amusement for locals to listen to people from other regions try to work out the pronunciation. Fairly common slang terms are spendy for expensive and windy (WINE-dee) for winding.

Another case is Oregon, being the historical name of the entire area and the name of one the major states. Natives pronounce it ORE-Gun or ORE-ih-Gun while non-natives unfamiliar will call it Ory-GONE, Or-Y-Gun, or Ar-A-Gin. (Which is a good way to piss off the locals if only ever so slightly.)

Montana is a strange case, as the natives speak a blend of Pacific Northwest, Upper Midwest, Midwestern, and Canadian. Some of the "hickier" sections (we're looking at you, Butte!) add in a little cowboy. Also, native Montanans find it extremely annoying when people assume they speak with a southern drawl just because they're a "cowboy state".

Stereotype: Eco-friendly, distinctly laid-back. Fond of flannel shirts and grunge rock. Insanely long coffee orders.

Examples:

    Live-Action TV 
  • Any show shot in Vancouver tends to have examples of this mixed with a Canadian accent.
  • Actor Timothy Omundson has a fairly typical Seattle-area accent.

    Music 

    Real Life 

Hawaiʻi Pidgin
Take note: Not to be confused with the Hawaiian language, which is a distinct language and not an accent or dialect of English. Hawaiian is also an ethnicity rather than just a State-icity.

Officially known as Hawaii Creole English, called "Pidgin"note  by kamaʻāina note . Very rare outside of Hawaiʻi, where people even go so far as to write in the accent. A mix of English, Hawaiian, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean and other languages, including many Japanese onomatopoeianote . Nearly any noun can be replaced by the expression "da kine", roughly meaning "that thing". note  For example: "No listen to dat tita, she say any kine, brah", means "Brother, do not listen to that large woman. She is liable to say anything."note  Another example would be "What kine fish, dat?" "You know da kine, ahi." = "What type of fish is that?" "You know what it is: Tuna."

Stereotype: More Surfer Than You, by birth.

Examples:

    Anime and Manga 
  • Principal Kuno from Ranma ½ is obsessed with Hawaii to the point of having a small palm tree implanted in his head. While not speaking entirely in Hawaiian Pidgin, it heavily flavors his speech, both in the English dub and in the original Japanese.
  • Half of an entire episode of Pop Team Epic is dubbed in Hawaiian Pidgin as an approximate “translation” of the Okinawan language used for the same scenes in the original.

    Film 
  • Consensus among people from Hawaiʻi is that the Pidgin in Lilo & Stitch was very well done: authentic without being obnoxious. Some expressions included "What we wen hit?" for "What did we hit?" and "Mahalo plenny!" for "Thanks a lot!" It helped that some of the voice actors were kamaʻāina and that the screenwriters were willing to take advice.

    Literature 
  • Rastaman Kona (née Preston Applebaum) in Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings affects this accent.

    Live-Action TV 
  • Kono, Chin Ho, and McGarrett from the Hawaii Five-0 reboot series. Danno (the only one not born and raised in Hawaii) is bewildered by it.
    Surfer Guy: Ho, brah, where you eat it?
    Danno: I'm sorry, what?
    Surfer Guy: Da kine, brah.
    Danno: I'm sorry, are you speaking English?
    Surfer: Hey no need for get agro.
    McGarrett: He caught it on land, brah... Danno don't surf.
    Surfer: Shoots.
    Danno: I dare you to tell me what he just said.
    • Also present in the 1968-80 Hawaii Five-O, though not as pronounced. Chin Ho and Kono used "brother" a lot; and on at least one occasion McGarrett referred to a missing tourist as a "rich haolenote  lady."
  • Dog the Bounty Hunter: The Chapmans have adopted some of the slang, like "brah" and "mahalo", but the some of the natives' accents are so thick that they require subtitles.

    Religion 
  • Believe it or not, there is a translation of the Bible written in kamaʻāina pidgin. It's not the whole thing, but it's the entire New Testament, plus the book of Psalms. Da Jesus Book serves as a bit of a controversial subject among Christians, because they can't seem to figure out if it's a joke translation or a serious one.

    Video Games 
  • Wakka from Final Fantasy X uses a decent imitation of this. The other Besaid Aurochs attempt it and fail miserably. Lulu, who is also supposed to be from Besaid, doesn't even attempt it. (At least in the English version).

    Western Animation 

    Real Life 
  • Barack Obama (born in and spent his teens in Hawaii) has no indication of this accent in his oratory, but is known to be able to talk kamaʻāina note  pidgin.
  • This man received minor viral fame in mid-2020 for his dismissive answers to a newscaster who caught him and his friend out fishing prior to a hurricane while doing a special report.
    Yeah, uh, I just like catch one fat fish, take 'um home, flex on 'um.

Military Basic
The United States military is large enough (2 million military personnel, with a further million or so civilian employees, before you get on to dependents) to have its own accent, spoken by career soldiers and their families who were raised on military bases. This is caused by a combination of the military necessity of clear speaking and the blending of all the regional accents. It sounds similar to Midwestern/Newscaster, but it's got a bit of a drawl to it. This might be due to the abundance of Texans and Southerners in the US Military. Breaking recruits of their accents in Basic Training is, or perhaps was, also a security measure used to prevent enemies from identifying units by their distinctive accent in radio communications. Very often seasoned with its own distinctive and evolving jargon and slang, which can vary by branch of service.

Stereotype: A hardass soldier like Sergeant Rock or Drill Sergeant Nasty, or a Military Brat. Sometimes overlaps with the stereotypes of rougher Texas accents.

Examples:

    Film 
  • Blackhawk Down gives a variety of accents for the American soldiers and airmen, but Captain Steele gives us a pretty solid version of this trope. Also, he tends to use football metaphors, and expects his Rangers to be with him on the ten yard line, hooah?

    Literature 
  • In the book Absolutely American: Four Years at Westpoint, David Lipsky claims that the entire United States Army speaks with a southern drawl, and proposed that it was due to young soldiers and cadets trying to imitate their instructors.

    Music 
  • Geoff Tate of Queensrÿche, who is the son of a career soldier and was born on a military base.

    Video Games 
  • The Soldier from Team Fortress 2 affects this accent, but doesn't consistently get it right — probably by virtue of never having been in the actual military.

    Real Life 
  • R. Lee Ermey
  • Former NFL offensive tackle Alejandro Villanueva has a more Midwestern version (though with a tiny bit of Spanish), mostly because of his unique background as a NATO brat instead of a pure US military brat. While born in Mississippi, his family is Spanish, and moved between the States, Spain, and NATO HQ in Belgium (where he attended a US-run high school) before he went to West Point. You can take an extended listen to him here.

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