
Jeff: Wow! So movies make good musicals?
Blank Paper: Well, they make musicals.
It's usually the case that hit plays get turned into movies. But more and more nowadays, the opposite is happening, with films being translated for the stage. Some say it's a sign of intellectual bankruptcy in theatre. Hollywood has the same problem, but there are a lot more new successful movies in the last two decades than new successful plays. So the stealing ends up being one way.
These are usually musicals even when they weren't in the first place (see All Musicals Are Adaptations); Adaptation Decay usually occurs here. Movie musicals are also frequently adapted for the stage, and these tend to acquire additional songs in the stage version.
This trope can be taken one step further, by going from movie, to stage musical, to Recursive Adaptation movie-of-the-stage-musical.
Separately, in Japan, 2.5D Theatre has emerged as a new branch of the anime sphere. Rather than a "safe bet", or an attempt to cash in on a popular movie, as the Broadway examples are sometimes seen, 2.5D productions are made for fans, as a new and vibrant expression of fan love, though there are exceptions. See the folder below for more information.
Inversion of The Film of the Play.
(Original title in parentheses if necessary).
- 42nd Street
- An American in Paris
- Aladdin, based on the Disney film.
- Anastasia - True(-ish) story (the claimant existed, but she wasn't Anastasia) -> play -> 1950's film and ballet -> animated musical film, which did away with a lot of what was left of the claimant's true story -> stage musical.
- Bugsy Malone
- Calamity Jane
- Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
- Cinderella (Rodgers and Hammerstein) was originally produced for CBS television. Interestingly, the first time it was produced on stage seems to have been a definitely non-standard Pantomime adaptation which played London in 1958. Currently there are three licensed versions: One based on the original TV staging, one that owes more to the 1997 TV movie, and the completely rethought Broadway version of The New '10s.
- Their one written-for-film musical, State Fair, was adapted for Broadway in 1996.
- Cry-Baby
- Dirty Dancing
- Doctor Dolittle
- Fame
- Flashdance
- Footloose
- Forbidden Zone: Sacred Fools Theater Company performed a stage version in 2010.
- Frozen
- Gigi
- Grease 2: Guy Unsworth adapted it into Cool Rider.
- High School Musical on Stage! (first two films)
- High Society
- Holiday Inn
- Labyrinth: Shepparton Kids In Theatre adapted it in 1999. The Henson company is currently working on another production.
- Mary Poppins
- Meet Me in St. Louis: A stock version appeared in the 1960s, and a somewhat different version reached Broadway in 1989.
- Newsies
- New York, New York
- The Nightmare Before Christmas was adapted by Seattle's Can-Can theatre company as This Is Halloween.
- Once. Possibly belongs in "originally not a musical" territory, as much of its music is diegetic.
- The Prince of Egypt
- The Producers: Three songs from the original movie were carried over.
- Scrooge
- Seven Brides for Seven Brothers
- Shock Treatment
- Singin' in the Rain
- South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut: There have been two unofficial adaptations - one by the Berklee College of Music with only the musical numbers, and a "24-Hour Musical" version by University College Dublin.
- Swing Time was adapted as the stage show Never Gonna Dance, which premiered on Broadway in 2003.
- Thoroughly Modern Millie
- Top Hat
- Victor/Victoria
- White Christmas
- Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory has two unconventional takes on this trope going for it, in that neither of the following is officially an adaptation of the film but:
- Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka, from 2005, has a script that's more book-accurate, but includes all the familiar songs, new Leslie Bricusse-penned numbers, and a variation on the Slugworth subplot that was unique to the film.
- When Charlie and the Chocolate Factory launched in the West End in 2013, it only borrowed "Pure Imagination" from the movie and was otherwise a fresh take on the novel with a few internal homages to it and other adaptations. However, the extensive Broadway Retool of 2017 (now the standard version of the libretto) tossed out several of the original songs and substituted them with most of the corresponding numbers from the '71 film.
- The Wizard of Oz (the 1939 movie) has inspired several musicals. One was allowed to use the songs from the movie but not any of the dialogue that wasn't in the original book. The most recent, in 2011, was adapted by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice and included several new songs.
- Xanadu
- Disney Animated Canon examples:
- The company started making big Broadway productions out of its animated movies in the 1990s with Beauty and the Beast, although there was a stage production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs that played N.Y.C.'s Radio City Music Hall in 1979 and was even filmed for TV and video. Disney has since put The Lion King, Tarzan, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin, and Frozen on Broadway and internationally with varying levels of success.
- Gekidan Shiki, the company that mounts Disney's productions in Japan, has a non-replica production of The Little Mermaid, with different sets and costumes from those used on Broadway.
- There is also a production of The Jungle Book on the U.S. regional circuit.
- There's a whole series of "Kids" and "Junior" adaptations of other canon films (Alice in Wonderland, Mulan, etc.) specifically designed for children to perform.
- My Son Pinocchio deserves special mention as it's a Screen-to-TV-to-Stage adaptation: a stage version of the Pinocchio Twice-Told Tale TV musical Geppetto!
- Both the German and American stage adaptations of The Hunchback of Notre Dame utilize most of the songs and a few plot elements from the Disney film while more closely following Victor Hugo's original novel — Downer Ending included.
- A Wedding
- Against All Hope
- Applause (All About Eve)
- Arthur (Died in the pre-Broadway tryout stage)
- Back to the Future was in development with Alan Silvestri writing songs and Robert Zemeckis producing, but quietly fell into Development Hell until 2020.
- The Baker's Wife (La Femme du Boulanger)
- Barbarella
- Beetlejuice
- Big
- Billy Elliot
- The Bodyguard
- Breakfast at Tiffany's (Considered one of the biggest flops in Broadway history — it only had four previews, and never officially opened)
- A Bronx Tale
- Bullets over Broadway
- Busker's Alley (Sidewalks of London; intended for Broadway but closed during out-of-town tryouts)
- Carmelina (Buona Sera Mrs Campbell, which also inspired the book for Mamma Mia!)
- Carnival! (Lili)
- Carrie
- Catch Me If You Can
- A Catered Affair (The Catered Affair)
- A Christmas Story
- Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
- Do I Hear a Waltz? (Summertime)
- Donnybrook! (The Quiet Man)
- Elf
- Evil Dead: The Musical
- Fanny (from Marcel Pagnol's stage/film trilogy)
- The Fly (1986) was adapted into an opera in 2008. The film's composer Howard Shore provided the music, and the world premiere staging was conducted by Placido Domingo and directed by David Cronenberg himself.
- For the Boys
- Freaky Friday (which then received a Disney Channel movie adaptation)
- The Full Monty (This film later had a non-musical stage adaptation as well)
- Ghost: The Musical
- The Goodbye Girl (Adapted by screenwriter Neil Simon himself)
- Grand Hotel
- Grey Gardens
- Groundhog Day
- Hairspray
- Hazel Flagg (Nothing Sacred)
- Heathers
- Henry, Sweet Henry (The World of Henry Orient)
- Here's Love (Miracle on 34th Street; in recent years, that's become the official title)
- High Fidelity
- Illya Darling (Never on Sunday)
- Jedi! (A comedic adaptation of the original Star Wars trilogy; its successful run in Chicago was shut down by Lucasfilm)
- Johnny Guitar
- The Karate Kid (1984)
- King of Hearts
- Kinky Boots
- La Cage aux folles
- Legally Blonde
- Little Shop of Horrors (The Roger Corman B-movie The Little Shop of Horrors)
- Look to the Lilies (Lilies of the Field)
- Love Story
- Make a Wish (The Good Fairy, which in turn was based on a play of the same name)
- A Man of No Importance is based on the 1994 film of the same name starring Albert Finney.
- Max And Ruby
- Mean Girls
- Metropolis
- Minsky's (The Night They Raided Minskys)
- Mrs. Doubtfire
- Mr. Saturday Night: Billy Crystal and David Paymer reprise their film roles 30 years later for a musical adaptation of the comedy.
- My Fair Lady has the unusual credit "adapted from Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion produced on the screen by Gabriel Pascal." (It uses several elements that were created for the film, including the details of the ball scene and the Adaptational Alternate Ending.)
- My Favorite Year
- Nine (Musical) (8½)
- 9 to 5 (Featuring a song score by Dolly Parton, who co-starred in the film)
- Nosferatu the Vampire (Nosferatu)
- Passion (Passione d'amore)
- Peggy Sue Got Married
- Priscilla Queen of the Desert (The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert; both the movie and musical are written by Stephen Elliot)
- The Producers
- Promises, Promises (The Apartment)
- The Red Shoes
- Reefer Madness: The Musical
- Return to the Forbidden Planet
- Road House
- Rocky
- Romy and Michele's High School Reunion
- Saturday Night Fever
- Secondhand Lions, which oddly does not feature the titular lion!
- Shenandoah
- Sherry! (The Man Who Came to Dinner)
- Shrek: The Musical
- Silence The Musical ("The unauthorized parody of" The Silence of the Lambs)
- Silk Stockings (Ninotchka)
- Sister Act
- Smile
- Some Like It Hot (2022 adaptation of the movie)
- Spamalot ("Lovingly ripped off from" Monty Python and the Holy Grail)
- Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark (Heavily, if unofficially, based on the first two movies about the character)
- The Spitfire Grill
- Sugar (Some Like It Hot; a 1992 London staging used that title instead)
- Sunset Boulevard
- Sweet Charity (Nights of Cabiria)
- Tanz Der Vampire (The Fearless Vampire Killers; the original production was directed by Roman Polanski, who directed the film)
- Tootsie
- The Toxic Avenger
- Urban Cowboy
- Waitress
- The Wedding Singer
- Whistle Down the Wind
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (A production adapted from the 1988 movie was first performed in 1993 by a community theatre in Naperville, Illinois and in Los Angeles in 1994)
- Woman of the Year
- A Wonderful Life (It's a Wonderful Life)
- Young Frankenstein
- Zorba (Zorba the Greek)
- Some stage adaptations of novels had input from people involved with movie adaptations of them.
- The musical version of Carrie shared a scriptwriter with the movie and is still a Broadway byword for unmitigated failure in Screen-To-Stage Adaptationalizing. So Bad, It's Good or unredeemably awful? You decide.
(Betty Buckley, who played Miss Collins in the movie and Carrie's mom here, salvaged a song for her album. More recently, it provided a Show Within a Show on Riverdale.)
- The Color Purple counted among its producers two people who worked on the movie version — Quincy Jones (co-producer) and Oprah Winfrey (she played Sofia).
- The musical version of Carrie shared a scriptwriter with the movie and is still a Broadway byword for unmitigated failure in Screen-To-Stage Adaptationalizing. So Bad, It's Good or unredeemably awful? You decide.
- Marcel Pagnol's 1930s "Marseille Trilogy" started with the films adaptations of two plays, Marius and Fanny. Then he wrote a third film, César, in 1936. Said film was adapted into a play in 1946.
- Calendar Girls: Originally a true story, the tale of a group of WI members' creation of a nude calendar to benefit a local cancer ward was first made into a film, and then the film was adapted by Tim Firth into a stage play.
- Clue on Stage: A 2018 stage adaptation of the 1985 cult comedy classic (based on the board game), using Jonathan Lynn's original script with alterations done by Hunter Foster, Eric Price, and Sandy Rustin. The stageplay follows the same basic plot and script as the movie, with a few new changes — Mrs. Peacock is now a religious zealot in addition to being the corrupt wife of a senator, Professor Plum's lustful tendencies have been expanded into him now believing himself to be God's gift to women, and — most notably — there are no alternate endings, with the movie's third ending being the only one used here.
- Dead Poets Society
- How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular
- Night of the Living Dead: The public domain status, and relatively low budget the film had makes it an easy and convincing transfer onto stage.
- The 39 Steps is a Played for Laughs adaptation of the 1935 film The 39 Steps that uses just four actors! (Although it was originally a novel, The Thirty-Nine Steps.)
- The Man from Earth
- The Pink Panther Strikes Again: Created for amateur stagings in The '80s, this is a Pragmatic Adaptation that scales down the action but preserves the style and tone of the film.
- Point Break Live! is a tongue-in-cheek retelling that uses an audience member to fill Keanu Reeves's role (dialogue is provided on cue cards).
- 12 Angry Men: Technically, it was a play before it was a movie. However, it started as a teleplay on CBS' Studio One program, and the two versions have almost exactly the same script. The movie has an extra, very short, intro scene.
2.5D began in the 1990's with series like the Sailor Moon musicals, and Sakura Wars. In the late 2010's, it has become its own vibrant corner of the anime world, with almost 200 plays produced in 2018. The label 2.5D was coined in 2015 by the producer of the Tenimyu series. They are called 2.5D because they exist between the 2D world of anime and the 3D world of regular theatre.
These productions tend to be made for audiences who are already fans of the source material. They also tend to be series that follow successive story arcs.
How do new fans catch up? Another unique point about 2.5D is that the plays usually have short runs, followed by a bluray release. Popular series like Touken Ranbu and Ensemble Stars will run for 2-3 months and tour throughout Japan and even overseas, while other plays will often only run for a week. 2.5D combines the focuses of live theater and video media in ways that other productions don't often do. This means the actors have to act for the camera and the back row simultaneously.
The venues themselves become gathering places for fans, and the atmosphere is like that of an anime event.
The titles are usually abbreviated as (first two syllables of title) + "sta" for a stage play, or "myu" for a musical (e.g. Kuroshitsuji Musical becomes KuroMyu, Tsukiuta Stage play becomes TsukiSta, etc.)
The 2.5D sphere also includes productions that are not adaptations, such as Kuro to Shiro and Messiah.
2.5D productions with their own pages:
- MANKAI STAGE A3!, based on the mobile game A3. It's a stage play about stage actors and staff preparing for a stage play.
- Cesare - Il Creatore che ha distrutto is based on a manga, but it breaks away from the boundaries of 2.5D in several ways. It was premiered at the legendary Meijiza, the oldest theatre in Tokyo, opening the theatre's 150th anniversary season; most of the older cast and Cesare himself are played by actors from the musical sphere, not the 2.5D sphere; and the quality of the music surpasses 2.5D — most 2.5D shows don't involve a full orchestra. Nonetheless, the students other than Cesare were all played in the original cast by actors who have appeared in the big 2.5D series such as Touken Ranbu, Tsukipro, A3, and Prince of Tennis.
- Musical The Prince of Tennis, known by fans as Tenimyu. It has had four "seasons", which cycle through a series of 12 musicals. There is also a separate musical series of The New Prince of Tennis.
- Persona 3: The Weird Masquerade, based on the video game Persona 3. It's particularly notable for being the only piece of media to give the female protagonist a name, Kotone Shiomi, which would eventually be adopted as her Canon Name.
- Sailor Moon, known as Seramyu.
- Tsukiuta, which takes the idol characters of the source material into elaborate fantasy settings, with over 25 plays in the franchise so far, over 5 series.
- Identity V - three plays in 2019-2021.
- Touken Ranbu's separate stage play and musical adaptations, with over 25 plays in the franchise between both series.
- YoRHa, based on the Nier series.
Other anime, manga, and games with 2.5D stage adaptations.
- Mars Red and Shoujo Kageki Revue Starlight were both produced as combination anime and stage productions.
- The Royal Tutor was also adapted into a stage play and anime at the same time, with the same main cast for both.
- Kuroko's Basketball - Kensho Ono reprised his role from the anime.
- High School Star Musical and Ensemble Stars! have also had voice actors reprising their roles in the stage plays.
- Rock Musical Bleach
- Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba
- Black Butler - 6 musicals between 2009-2021.
- Hetalia: Axis Powers has 5 stage musicals between 2015-2021. They are ~Singin' in the World~, ~The Great World~, ~in the new world~, ~A World in the Universe~ and ~The world is wonderful~.
- Onmyōji had a stage production with a Japanese cast that toured in China.
- Saiyuki Kagekiden
- Uta No Prince-sama's Gekidan Shining series, based on an earlier drama CD series, features the idol characters performing, essentially, a Show Within a Show. Themes have included ninja, pirates and vampires. These differ from High School Star Musical's Caribbean Groove, which brought the performance from the finale of the first anime to life as a side story, and Tsukista's Yumemigusa, which featured the Show Within a Show as just a frame story for a Trapped in Another World plot.
- Air Gear
- Dear Boys
- Butai Ban Fuma No Kojiro
- Magical Princess Minky Momo: This adaption was an original story where a new Minky Momo goes to London.
- Revolutionary Girl Utena
- PriPara
- Live Spectacle Naruto
- Dance with Devils
- Nintama Rantarou Musical, notable for its cast of attractive adult male actors, despite the fact that the characters are in elementary school.
- Moriarty the Patriot, predating the anime adaptation.
- Haikyuu!!, noteworthy for its stagecraft
.
- Yowamushi Pedal
- Ace of the Diamond
- Durarara!!
- Ouran High School Host Club
- Fruits Basket
- Shugo Chara!
- Ensemble Stars! On Stage tends to be a mix of event adaptations and original interquels.
- Gyakuten Saiban - Yomigaeru Shinjitsu, based on the Ace Attorney video game series.
- Danganronpa The Stage, based on Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc, Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair, and the Future Arc of the anime Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School.
- Fate/Grand Order THE STAGE: Holy Round Table's Domain Camelot - Replica; Agateram, based on the very popular sixth story chapter of the mobile RPG.
- Puyo Puyo on Stage, based on Puyo Puyo. Yes, a Falling Blocks game of all things has a play based on it.
- Phantasy Star Online 2 -ON STAGE-
- Hunter × Hunter Nightmare of Zoldyck - Musical based on the Zoldyck Family Arc with all the 1999 anime voice actors reprising their roles in the stage play.
- Reborn! (2004) has two: Katekyo Hitman Reborn! The STAGE covers the Daily Life and Kokuyo arcs and Katekyo Hitman Reborn! The STAGE vs VARIA covers the Varia Arc.
- Spy X Family has a musical, with four different child actresses selected to play Anya.
- Takarazuka Revue has done musical adaptations of manga as far back as 1924, though their most famous is The Rose of Versailles, first performed in the 1970's. These are not considered 2.5D, as they appeal to Takarazuka fans primarily, and others who are not fans of the source material. Other series they have adapted include Sengoku Basara, Ace Attorney (Using the English names), and Red River (1995).
- Kingdom Hearts actually has unofficial stage adaptations done in Germany by the performing group Tsuki no Senshi. They did adaptations for the original Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, and Kingdom Hearts II.
- The Addams Family: officially adapted from the original comic strip rather than TV show, though the producers did obtain permission to use the show's famous Theme Tune in the score.
- Dragnet: stage play based on the famed police procedural franchise adapted by James Reach, using as its story a Locked Room Mystery done on the radio as "The Big Bible" and later on TV as "The Bullet".
- Happy Days: a New Musical
- In the 1980s there were two stage adaptations of The BBC Scotland sitcom City Lights, starring the original cast.
- Doctor Who stage plays include Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday (1974) and Doctor Who — The Ultimate Adventure (1989). The earliest—and possibly Ur-Example—is The Curse of the Daleks, written by Terry Nation and David Whitaker, from 1965. The episode "Midnight" was also adapted to the stage
in a small student production.
- A musical adaptation of Only Fools and Horses, written by Jim Sullivan (son of series writer John Sullivan) and Paul Whitehouse premiered in London in 2019.
- SpongeBob SquarePants received a Broadway musical, The Spongebob Musical, with a score composed by many famous artists, including Aerosmith, They Might Be Giants, The Flaming Lipsnote , John Legend, Lady Antebellum, and David Bowie.
- Really Rosie has a stage play that is almost a straight adaptation of the original special, some extra songs and few Darker and Edgier elements are thrown in.