Heads of State

The term "Head of State" is a little bit confusing to countries like the United States where the President is both Head of State and Head of Government. The Head of State is the ceremonial representative of the country, the Head of Government runs the country. That's why in Great Britain, the King or Queen is the Head of State while the Prime Minister is the head of Government. In Commonwealth Countries and British Territories, the Governor General is de facto Head of State as the Personal Representative of the Monarch, and the Prime Minister is that country's head of Government. But we won't make that distinction here.

A list of politicians who are or have been head of state (kings, reigning queens, emperors, reigning empresses, presidents, popes), a consort of a head of state (queens, empresses, prince-consorts) or heads of government (prime ministers, chancellors, dictators).

Albania

Skanderbeg

Argentina

Brazil

Canada

Pierre Trudeau. His son Justin is the current Prime Minister.

Chile

Augusto Pinochet: Dictator of Chile from 1973 through 1990.

China

Qin Shi Huangdi: Chinese Emperor (259-210 BCE)
Wu Zetian: Chinese Empress (624-705)
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong

Cuba

Fulgencio Batista: President from 1940-1944 and 1952-1959.
Fidel Castro: Leader from 1959-2008 (as Prime Minister from 1959-1976, then as President from 1976-2008).

Egypt

Akhenaten
Tutankhamun
Cleopatra VII
Ramses II
Gamal Abdel Nasser: President from 1956 to 1970.

Finland

Gustav Mannerheim

France

Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette: Queen consort of King Louis XVI.
Maximilien Robespierre: Leading member of the Committee of Public Safety
Napoleon Bonaparte
The Presidents of France
- Charles de Gaulle: President from 1944 to 1945 and again from 1958 to 1970.

Germany

Maria Theresa: reigning Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Empress-Consort and later Dowager-Empress of the Holy Roman Empire
Prussian Kings
- Frederick The Great: King of Prussia 1740-1786
King Ludwig II of Bavaria: King of Bavaria 1864-1886
The Chancellors of Germany
The Presidents of Germany

Greece

Alexander the Great

Hungary

Maria Theresa

Iran/Persia

Cyrus the Great

Iraq

Saddam Hussein

Ireland

Prime Ministers of Ireland

Israel

David Ben-Gurion
Benjamin Netanyahu: Current Prime Minister of Israel

Japan

Date Masamune: 16th century Japanese warlord.
Fuuma Kotaro: 16th century Japanese warlord.
Oda Nobunaga: 16th century Japanese warlord.
Tokugawa Ieyasu: 16th-17th century Japanese warlord.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi: 16th century Japanese warlord.
Hideki Tojo: Army Minister & Prime Minister of Japan for much of WWII.

Libya

Muammar Gaddafi: Leader of Libya from 1969-2011 (as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council from 1969-1977, then as Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution from 1977-2011).

Mongolia