"If half an onion is black with rot, it is a rotten onion. A man is good or he is evil."
— Melisandre of Asshai, A Clash of Kings
Good versus Evil. White hat versus black hat. The shining knight of light and destiny with flowing cape versus the dark mustache-twirling, card-carrying force of pure malevolence. The Republic, The Alliance, The Federation and/or La Résistance, fighting for freedom and happiness, helping the helpless, and running soup kitchens, versus the Evil Empire of oppression and tyranny run by The Legions of Hell, greedy corporate scumbags, and an Evil Overlord with a Decadent Court. The Incorruptible Pure Pureness versus the Complete Monster. The most basic form of fictional morality, Black And White Morality deals with the battle between pure good and absolute evil.
This can come in a variety of forms:
- Motivation: The villains never have a sympathetic motivation for their actions. There aren't any Well-Intentioned Extremists, and The Mole will show his true colors once he's unmasked. Rather, their intentions are entirely for the sake of Evil (and may involve taking over or destroying the world). Likewise, the forces of good never have any evil, ulterior motives for their deeds, as they do good because it's The Right Thing To Do.
- Choices: All major choices that the heroes are faced with are either unambiguously right or wrong. There are no real grey areas at all, and when a Sadistic Choice is presented, there's always a third option. Furthermore, the heroes will always make the right choice, unless they're about to learn An Aesop or pull a Face–Heel Turn.
- Characterization: The good guys are good, and the bad guys are bad. If there are any morally ambiguous or grey characters around (such as an Anti-Hero or Worthy Opponent), they will often eventually shift firmly to one side or the other. They'll either switch to the side that matches their actual perceived alignment, or turn fully good or fully evil. Minor characters may maintain some degree of neutrality, but the major characters will all be on one side or the other. Occasionally there will be a short scene explaining the neutrality is inherently evil (or, very rarely, good). To avoid an Author Tract, some writers prefer to claim that being neutral is similar to supporting the stronger side. However, as the True Neutral page on this Wiki will show, the reasons for being neutral number in the double digits, not including Lawful Neutral and Chaotic Neutral, or any combination thereof.
Stories using this trope usually have a Hero Protagonist and a Villain Antagonist, though this is not always the case. They're also where you're most likely to find Beauty Equals Goodness, although there are stories with black and white morality where appearance doesn't reflect morality.
While it shows up in stories of all kinds, Black-and-White Morality seems to occur frequently in media marketed for kids, due mainly to the Animation Age Ghetto, as well as all-ages works and The Moral Substitute, the latter of which doesn't allow room for any moral ambiguity. Many stories that use Black-and-White Morality tend to lean towards the idealistic end of the Sliding Scale of Idealism Versus Cynicism, but this doesn't necessarily have to be the case - in a more cynical Crapsack World, there is more black than white, but the white can at least take a sour form. Works that use both Adaptational Villainy and Adaptational Heroism, or Historical Villain Upgrade and Historical Hero Upgrade for different characters are also deliberately employing this trope to make the moral conflict simpler. Of course, usage of Black and White morality in stories won't always end up sparkling white: this moral alignment is often associated with clichéd writing and propaganda.
Of course, the prevalence of this moral system may lead to the belief that Good Is Boring. Thus, the aforementioned grey spots in a setting like this are a common Ensemble Dark Horse. Badass Decay occurs when the dark horse is whitewashed to conform to the prevailing system.
Compare Grey-and-Gray Morality, Black-and-Gray Morality, White-and-Grey Morality, and Morality Kitchen Sink. Also see Shades of Conflict and Graying Morality. See Black-and-White Insanity when this sort of thinking by characters is presented as a sign of mental instability in the story.
Please note even in a world where the moral lines are sharply drawn, there may still be characters or organizations that are presented as being 'grey'. A general rule of thumb as to whether or not black-and-white morality is present is that the heroes are almost always considered to be in the right, while the villains are always 'wrong'. Of course, the audience might disagree with the author's moral compass.
If general attitudes on issues addressed change and/or the story is introduced to a very different culture, it may be viewed as Grey-and-Gray Morality, Black-and-Gray Morality, White-and-Grey Morality, or Blue-and-Orange Morality.
Examples
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Asian Animation
- In Noonbory and the Super 7, the good guys are called borys, and the bad guys are called gurys. All borys are good and all gurys are bad, and there's no in-between. Oh, and characters are with either label are stuck with it - no matter how many heinous deeds a bory commits or how many good deeds a gury does, neither can become the other.
Comic Books
- A common element in Chick Tracts, the Christian protagonists are good while the nonbelievers are evil, or at least a Jerkass. This is the result of Chick's theology, which holds that either one has pledged themselves to his very specific idea of the Christian God or has thrown in their lot with the Forces of Evil, consciously or otherwise.
- Steve Ditko was a Objectivist and fond of Ayn Rand's theories, which comes through heavily in his work.
- The Mr. A comic lives and breathes this trope, being Ditko's interpretation of Ayn Rand's Objectivism in vigilante form.
- The Question under Ditko was essentially a more marketable version of Mr. A. His Captain Ersatz Rorschach, however, deconstructs it to reveal Black-and-White Insanity.
- Ditko's objectivism is, in fact, sometimes cited as the reason for his fallout with Stan Lee, although that has been disputed. Lee wanted their villains, in particular the Green Goblin, to be more three-dimensional, with their own struggles and moral grey areas. Ditko, on the other hand, didn't believe in moral grey areas and felt that their villains should be more representative of a faceless and objective evil.
- Although The Ultimates as a whole run on a Black-and-Gray Morality system, Hawkeye claims that the fight with the Chitauri was a black & white one. "Aliens who were in league with the nazis, for God's sake".
Fan Works
- Children of Time. The series runs on Deconstruction and Reconstruction of multiple elements, Even Evil Has Standards, and there's one gut-wrenching case of Jumping Off the Slippery Slope. Nevertheless, the lines between Good and Evil remain painfully clear. The Big Bad and his Dragons are realistically Obviously Evil, and though the heroes' ethics are definitely put above the law, they are there and pretty strict.
- Code Prime: Ironically, the story leans more toward this direction than the original Code Geass, owing to how the Autobots siding with the Black Knights has progressively made the Black Knights (and especially Lelouch himself) more heroic, while the Decepticons siding with Britannia has made the latter worse than they were in canon.
- Elly Patterson of For Better or for Worse saw life in this matter in the fanfic The New Retcons. The two problems were that she could not handle anyone with different viewpoints from her and that her ideas of what 'black' and 'white' are were so twisted that they might as well be Blue-and-Orange Morality. This, among other things, contributed to Elly losing her mind for about two years.
- In My Brave Pony: Starfleet Magic the unicorns are good, Titan is evil. There is no depth to any of the characters.
- Ojamajo Doremi: Rise of the Shadows: The Shadows are evil and trying to Take Over the World AND exterminate their light halves. Said light halves are good and only act to defend themselves.
- Dungeon Keeper Ami: The Dungeon Keeper world works by this trope, having only two sides for people to be on. The side of the Light Gods, which is Good, and that of the Dark Gods, which is Evil.
- And the confusion inspired by a champion of love and justice keeping a dungeon heart is one of Mercury's greatest strengths. Even the one outside group that believes she's not irredeemably evil wants to imprison her for eternity.
- Dungeon Keeper of Love and Justice shares the trope, as a Recursive Fanfiction of the above.
- In Chrysalis Visits The Hague, this is subverted - Most of the ponies are adamant about the fact that Chrysalis is evil incarnate and they themselves are the defenders of all things harmonious. Suffice to say, the humans (Chrysalis' lawyer Estermann in particular) are quick to contest this.
- In Loxare Hinder, it seems to be a recurrent mentality for any "big" hero: the Batfamily struggles very much with Jason's decision to murder criminals while Superman straight-up assaulted Red Hood because "killing is bad and mean, no matter the circumstances".
- Zig-Zagged in Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality. Many characters have different views regarding morality, with the story taking time to flesh out every side of the discussion and give everyone at least one validating moment. Ultimately Played Straight, as all the morally grey characters eventually either turn out to be better people than they appeared as or to have been Evil All Along.
- Subverted in TFA Kaleidoscope, as Cybertronian propaganda treats the entire Autobot vs. Decepticon conflict as this. Autobots are good, Decepticons are evil. Ratchet dismisses this as lies and that the actual war was far more gray than anyone in high command wants to admit. Optimus even states that the Autobots were outright conquerors and tyrants before the war.
- Izuku in Izuku Midoriya the Rabbit
doesn't believe in this trope so much that he can't understand any concepts or beliefs beyond it; he literally cannot comprehend "Heroes" who only do their job for selfish reasons and not because it's the right thing to do. This, however, is Justified by the fact that Izuku is a rabbit with a minor case of Blue-and-Orange Morality who has a hard time understanding the more complex parts of human morality and behavior.
Films — Animated
- The Disney Animated Canon uses this all the time. Pixar uses it pretty frequently too, though their villains are more likely to have sympathetic motivations.
- The true exception to "sympathetic motivation" is A Bug's Life, where Hopper says that keeping the ants under control is more important than just getting food from them.
- Hercules adds this morality in adaptation. Hercules, Zeus, and Hera become purely good. Hades becomes purely evil. In the original myths, they were a lot more morally ambiguous. The only grey character in the movie is Meg, who is just jaded and trapped in a Deal with the Devil. Partly this is due to Hercules drawing more inspiration from The Golden Age of Comic Books than the original myths, and in part due to the Values Dissonance of the myths being very difficult to translate into a film appropriate for children.
- In the Compilation Movie Once Upon a Halloween, a villain is plotting to do something evil while her magic mirror tries to talk her out of it while showing her clips of various Disney movies. In the end, the villain decides she doesn't want to go through her plan anymore, but the mirror kills her anyway for even attempting it in the first place.
- In Epic, all Boggans are completely evil without any redeeming feature, while all the Leafmen and their allies are good.
Multiple Media
- In its various incarnations, Batman has played this trope straight, explored it from interesting directions, and frequently given the villains sympathetic moments and motivations (heroes who turn evil are, thankfully, very rare). Batman himself looks evil but is almost always a model of Incorruptible Pure Pureness; how sympathetic the villains are, however, varies by the medium. The 1960s TV series generally had straight-up Black and White Morality, with very few Heel Face Turns; the 1990s animated series was this way too, although it did provide the villains with more character depth. But the movies by Tim Burton, Joel Schumacher, and Christopher Nolan were far more likely to have Black-and-Gray Morality, with Batman Forever and The Dark Knight coming the closest to being pure black-and-white.
- Dick Tracy is always black-and-white - with some notable exceptions - reflecting creator Chester Gould's own rigid standard of societal values. The 1990 Warren Beatty movie adaptation was the same way: Tracy is a Cowboy Cop but almost never gets called out on it, and only about 20 percent of the many (MANY!) gangster characters seen in the film had any redeeming qualities.
Professional Wrestling
- This was the general rule in pro wrestling from the 1920s all the way up until the 1990s, with the exception of a face sometimes cruelly retaliating because "the heel deserved it" (which was never portrayed as a bad thing). The "Attitude" Era and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) tweaked this calculus quite a bit, but the standard formula has never truly gone away. Even today, you are far more likely to see Good Versus Good or Evil Versus Evil than you are to see a feud with shades of gray/grey.
- In Mexican wrestling (known to the locals as lucha libre), there's no such thing as a tweener. One is either a good guy (technico) or a bad guy (rudo), period.
Religion
- In religion, this idea is often called (Manichean) dualism. The original Manichean religion believed in an opposing God of Good and God of Evil who were constantly at war with one another. The world was also divided between the material world (evil) and the World of Light (good). When it was still around, Manicheanism was a rival to Christianity and Islam, both of which held that there was only one God who was omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and without equal and that the material world was good by virtue of having been created by that god.
- The Theme Park Version of Christianity usually runs on this trope, regarding God and Satan as equal and opposite forces of good and evil respectively, often with human beings falling in one camp or another unless they decide to buck the system entirely. In reality, dualism of this nature is contrary to what actual Christians believe, largely because it would require a belief that God and Satan are equals, but also because it requires a belief in evil as a positive force, which would mean it was put into place by God himself, which would mean that God is not omnibenevolent. "Classical" Christianity doesn't actually believe in evil as such, but rather regards it as a lack, misuse, or distortion of something good.note Regardless, the Hollywood version is still a very enduring idea in pop culture, largely because it makes for a better story.
Mythology
- In Norse Mythology, one of the events of Ragnarok — a name which roughly means "the last days of the gods" — is the final battle is described as the final conflict between the Aesir (the Norse Gods) and their mortal enemies, the Jotnar. It's important to note, however, that, while definitely Black and White, the conflict between the Aesir and the Jotnar is not exactly Good vs. Evil. The stakes of the battle are indicated by the name of the event: the defeat of the gods means the utter annihilation of the current universe.
- Conspiracy Theories (a mythology of a kind) tend to follow this trope very well. The conspiracy is always purely nefarious and the people behind it are always blatantly trying to benefit themselves at the expense of the world. Anyone cast as resisting the conspiracy is a glorious hero deserving of the greatest reverence. If said hero has died, especially under circumstances deemed suspicious, then that hero is also a martyr killed for having gotten too close to exposing/destroying the conspiracy. There are never gray areas in conspiracy theories. Everyone in the know is either completely for the conspiracy or completely against it. Those who don't know are sheep, with skeptics about it either being dupes or "disinfo" (disinformation) agents for the conspiracy (the latter is more popular, in keeping with the black and white morals). Rarely are there factions and power struggles between conspirators, much less many different conspiracies competing with each other (reflecting known politics more realistically) though occasionally they'll occur in certain theories.
Tabletop Games
- In Blue Rose, your Character Alignment is either Light, Shadow or Twilight (neutral). There's a magic artifact used to make sure only light-aligned people get to become nobles in the kingdom of Aldis.
- Most Dungeons & Dragons settings: People who go "ping!" on Detect Good are good. People who set off the paladin's slaydar are evil. (People who don't trigger either are either using Undetectable Alignment or are the resident shade of grey, the neutral alignments).
- Playable races (such as humans, elves, dwarves, and such) tend to be good, while orcs, goblins, and other 'monstrous' humanoids tend to be Always Chaotic Evil. There are plenty of exceptions, though, with a number of villains from PC races showing up from time to time. The occasional good orc or goblin may make an appearance as well (especially in Eberron, which subverts a lot of the common expectations about alignment and race).
- There is a Succubus Paladin created on the Wizards site a while ago that detects as Lawful, Good, Evil, and Chaotic via the sundry detect spells. This is because Demon are Made of Evil and Chaos, while Paladins are philosophically Good and Lawful.
- The RPG Over the Edge is very much Black-and-Grey Morality, but a drug in the setting called "Zorro" (short for "Zoroaster") induces delusions of black and white morality in the user.
- Talisman: The "Lightbearers" alternate ending in the Blood Moon expansion changes the nature of the normally free-for-all game into a cooperative one, where every player must choose a character of good alignment. The players cannot fight each other, and instead can assist each other in combat against the forces of evil, freely exchange items, and work together to win the game as a group before time runs out.
- In Torg in the sub-universe of the Nile Empire, based on pulp fiction tropes, everyone is either good or evil...until one of the evil scientists of the Nile Empire accidentally infects himself with a meme virus based on the plays of Anton Chekov and becomes the sub-universe's only Neutral character.
- Invoked in The Dark Eye by a kind of the Fair Folk, who decided to split into a "good" and an "evil" kingdom faring war against each other to learn more about human behaviour and values.
- Princess: The Hopeful: The titular Princesses are exemplars and paragons of virtue, empowered by the Light (a Sentient Cosmic Force composed of hope, benevolence, and the desire to make the world a better place). Their opponents, the creatures of the Darkness, explicitly have no redeeming qualities whatsoever and may be killed without any moral qualms.
Theater
- Inspector Javert of Les Misérables provides an in-universe example since he has an obsessive, legalistic view of the world, with an extreme sense of right and wrong, such that his passion drives him to be lawful over being reasonable (even though he's free of any actual, well, villainy otherwise).
Javert: I am the law, and the law is not mocked!
Web Comics
- Axe Cop. Very evident as it is written by a six-year-old. There are good guys (who can do anything they want), and bad guys (who don't need to do anything bad apart from being bad to be such).
- Falcon Twin's Evan views the world in this manner, in keeping with the teachings of his church. This causes considerable friction with the rest of the party's Black-and-Gray Morality.
- In Game Over Tales: Crouching Ostrich, Hidden Vulture, the ninjas' only aim is to kill the "dragon rider", whose main reason to kill the ninjas is to not die.
- Sonichu functions in this way: Villains are rarely given any motivation beyond taking something that belongs to Sonichu or Chris Chandler or conquering something important to them, and Sonichu and Chris fight mainly to reverse this damage. Slaweel Ryam, in particular, fights Chris merely because she dislikes him. As the characters in the comic are reflections of the author's real-life struggles and the author has a huge ego, he cannot bear to give significant flaws to any of his heroes or redeeming traits to any of his villains.
- Parodied in the Sluggy Freelance Torg Potter parodies (of Harry Potter, obviously), where the wizards casually talk about people being good guys and bad guys, including the bad guys proudly identifying as such. You're supposed to have bad guys, apparently — even among students, where they are all sorted to the Wunnybun ("Slytherin") house. Gandledorf ("Dumbledore") even explains the Wunnybun students need to be treated badly enough to remain antagonistic because if treated well, they might become good, and then his paperwork would get all messed up.
- Hark! A Vagrant parodies this trope as it's used in classic literature with the character of Goodman Brown. Anytime Goodman sees another character doing something remotely bad he chalks them up as purely evil. He gets called on it but ignores them.
Web Original
- In The Fear Mythos, the character "Achromatic Morality" demonstrates this perfectly — the clue's in the name. In her words, "there are two sides. The side that I am on, which is righteous; and the side I am not, which is monstrous."
