- Blues Rock, Progressive Rock, Psychedelic Rock, Glam Rock, Soft Rock, Power Pop
Although rock groups had been filling some of the largest venues in the world since The Beatles played at Shea Stadium in the 1960s, this subgenre of rock music began to develop in the mid-1970s. Also known as adult-oriented rock (AOR, which is the term rateyourmusic.com uses to describe the genre) or album-oriented rock (also abbreviated AOR, which is the term heavyharmonies.com
uses to describe the genre) due to the genre's focus on albums rather than singles — and by such other labels as pomp rock, melodic rock, anthem rock, teen rock, or stadium rock — the main exponents of the style were pop-rock bands that wrote songs specifically to be performed in big stadiums in front of big audiences.
Since artists of any genre can fill an arena if they're popular enough, arena rock naturally had several additional characteristics to help differentiate it from other rock subgenres. "Guitar pyrotechnics" and massed vocal harmonies performed by the whole band were very common, along with Audience Participation Songs featuring big, anthemic choruses. Most singers had cleaner-sounding vocals than a lot of the other Hard Rock or Heavy Metal groups of the time and often performed with an operatic flair. Lyrically, most arena rock songs were pretty simple, with many a straightforward Power Ballad for audiences to sing along with. And recordings were characterized by a slick, radio-friendly production sheen, which made the genre a perfect complement for the emergent AOR (for "album-oriented rock") format on the FM dial. The AOR format was an offshoot of the early FM stations — variously termed "freeform", "progressive", or "underground" — that played Psychedelic Rock in the late '60s and early '70s, many of which narrowed their focus to play more commercial material around the middle of the latter decade. The "album" in AOR came from the fact that these stations played album tracks rather than just singles.
This was the dominant commercial style of rock music for about ten years, starting in 1976 when Boston released their first album and Peter Frampton released Frampton Comes Alive! (the best-selling record of the year), and more or less ending in 1986 when Journey released their last album for ten years and Bon Jovi's Slippery When Wet put Hair Metal, the format's spiritual successor, on top of the mainstream rock pile at the same time Alternative Rock acts like U2, R.E.M., The Cure and INXS started to cross over onto the AOR stations that had been arena rock's bread and butter. Hair Metal would serve as the Spiritual Successor to the genre for the next half-decade, inheriting the genre's penchant for glossy production, stadium-ready anthems and Power Ballads. The alternative bands meanwhile would set the stage for the next sea change with Nirvana's Nevermind in 1991.
Similar to Teen Pop today, at its height in the late '70s and early '80s, arena rock was marketed to teenagers and young adults. Typical characteristics of arena rock include an emphasis on visual appeal, lyrics focused on love, relationships, dancing, partying, and friendship. The genre was most popular in North America.
It's worth noting that while "arena rock" tends to be a blanket term used for any acts that are known for anthemic songs and memorable stagecraft, the term itself was originally an epithet used by critics to bash the genre for what they perceived as its tendency to prioritize spectacle and mass appeal over artistic quality. (It didn't help that many arena rock acts' use of polished production styles and precise songwriting conflicted with the critics' taste for the messy, Three Chords and the Truth style of Punk Rock at the time of arena rock's peak in popularity.) The epithet "corporate rock" was originally applied to this type of music by the more elitist critics, with "dad rock" also popping up around the late '90s due to the genre's popularity among aging baby boomers. Still, if you listen to any Classic Rock radio station nowadays, chances are arena rock is the genre you'll hear a lot of.
It's also worth noting that the sort of stadium rock played by bands like U2, INXS, Simple Minds or The Police doesn't necessarily come under this heading, as their sound was typically more influenced by Post-Punk and Alternative Rock (such as it was in the 1980s). Hair Metal, on the other hand, has plenty of overlap as mentioned earlier, and many bands will fall under both subgenres.
Artists commonly associated with the genre include:
- 38 Special
- 707
- Lee Aaron
- Bryan Adams
- Aerosmith (eighties output and everything following it)
- 1987 - Permanent Vacation
- 1989 - Pump
- 1993 - Get a Grip
- Angel
- April Wine
- Asia
- Autograph
- Axe
- The Babys
- Bad Company (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Bad English
- Balance
- Russ Ballard
- Jimmy Barnes
- Pat Benatar
- Blackfoot (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Blue Öyster Cult (from Agents of Fortune onwards, combined with Heavy Metal)
- 1976 - Agents of Fortune
- 1977 - Spectres
- 1979 - Mirrors
- Michael Bolton (eighties output)
- Bon Jovi (their glam period, mostly)
- 1986 - Slippery When Wet
- Boston
- Charlie
- Cheap Trick (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Cher (eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Chicago (mid- to late-eighties output)
- City Boy
- Roger Daltrey (eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Danger Danger
- Def Leppard (also Hair Metal)
- Dire Straits (eighties era)
- 1980 - Making Movies
- 1982 - Love Over Gold
- 1985 - Brothers in Arms
- 1991 - On Every Street
- Doucette
- Eagles (post-One of These Nights)
- Europe
- John Farnham (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Fleetwood Mac (Buckingham/Nicks era)
- 1977 - Rumours
- 1979 - Tusk
- 1982 - Mirage
- 1987 - Tango in the Night
- FM
- Foreigner (one of the few "arena rock" acts critics would grow to love right away, with work such as 4 and their signature Power Ballad "I Want to Know What Love Is" garnering enough acclaim for the latter to wind up on Rolling Stone's greatest songs of all time list)
- Peter Frampton
- Gamma
- Genesis (From Duke onward)
- 1980 - Duke
- 1981 - Abacab
- 1983 - Genesis (Album)
- 1986 - Invisible Touch
- 1991 - We Can't Dance
- 1997 - ...Calling All Stations...
- Giant
- Giuffria
- Gowan
- GTR
- Hardline
- Harem Scarem
- Harlequin
- Corey Hart
- Head East
- Heart (mid- to late-eighties output)
- 1985 - [[Heart
- Honeymoon Suite
- Icon
- Imagine Dragons
- Donnie Iris
- Jefferson Starship
- Journey (from Infinity onwards)
- Kansas (with more of a Progressive Rock bent than usual)
- KISS
- Legs Diamond
- Le Roux
- Little River Band (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Kenny Loggins (eighties output)
- Loverboy
- Magnum
- Benny Mardones
- Richard Marx
- Meat Loaf
- Michael Stanley Band
- Mike + the Mechanics
- Mr. Mister
- Kim Mitchell
- Eddie Money
- Gary Moore (eighties output)
- Nelson
- Night Ranger
- Aldo Nova
- Ted Nugent (eighties output)
- John Parr
- Petra
- Phenomena
- Pink Floyd (after The Dark Side of the Moon)
- 1975 - Wish You Were Here
- 1977 - Animals
- 1979 - The Wall
- 1983 - The Final Cut
- 1987 - A Momentary Lapse of Reason
- 1994 - The Division Bell
- 2014 - The Endless River
- Planet P Project
- Praying Mantis
- Prism
- Queen (especially News of the World and onward)
- 1977 - News of the World
- 1978 - Jazz
- 1980 - The Game (Queen)
- 1982 - Hot Space
- 1984 - The Works
- 1986 - A Kind of Magic
- 1989 - The Miracle
- 1991 - Innuendo
- 1995 - Made in Heaven
- Rainbow (starting with Difficult to Cure)
- Red Rider
- REO Speedwagon
- 1980 - Hi Infidelity
- Roadmaster
- Rush (mostly on their synth-heavy records in The '80s)
- 1981 - Moving Pictures
- 1982 - Signals
- 1984 - Grace Under Pressure
- 1985 - Power Windows
- 1987 - Hold Your Fire
- 1989 - Presto
- 2012 - Clockwork Angels
- Saga
- Kenji Sawada (his four—three studio, one live—albums with Co-CoLo)
- Bob Seger (Live Bullet and after)
- Sherbs
- Shooting Star
- Rick Springfield
- Bruce Springsteen (post-Nebraska)
- 1984 - Born in the U.S.A.
- Billy Squier
- Starship
- The Storm
- Strangeways
- Streetheart
- Streets
- Styx (also Progressive Rock)
- 1983 - Kilroy Was Here
- Supertramp
- Survivor
- Toto
- Triumph
- Trooper
- Bonnie Tyler (mid-eighties-to-early-nineties output)
- Uriah Heep (late-seventies-to-early-nineties output)
- Van Zant (eighties output)
- John Waite
- Roger Waters
- 1992 - Amused to Death
- 2017 - Is This the Life We Really Want?
- White Sister
- The Who (to a slight degree from Tommy onwards, but mostly their 80s work)
- 1969 - Tommy
- 1971 - Who's Next
- 1973 - Quadrophenia
- Yes (post-Drama)
- Zebra
- ZZ Top (post-El Loco)
- 1983 - Eliminator