Japanese pop music, or "J-pop", is an umbrella term for pop music originating from Japan, which was coined by Japanese media to differentiate itself from Western pop music. J-pop began in the 1970s, but it didn't become mainstream until the 1990s.
Before J-pop, the most popular genre of Japanese popular music was kayokyoku ("lyric singing music"), which was influenced by Western jazz and rock 'n roll. A notable movement in kayokyoku in the late 1960s into the early 1970s is the "Group Sounds" movement. Influenced heavily by groups such as The Beatles, The Byrds, and other such groups, group sounds bands were characterized by their reliance on Psychedelic Rock and Baroque Pop influenced instrumentation and featured Bishonen lead singers usually, such as Kenji "Julie" Sawada from The Tigers. It didn't include Gratuitous English and was popular until the end of the 1980s.
Another important subgenre is City Pop, which dominated the charts in Japan in the 80s, but fell out of the radar afterwards (But not permanently).
As noted by Marty Friedman, ex-Megadeth lead guitarist who moved to Japan in 2003, is how often there's Genre-Busting. Many of the examples listed below would not be thought of as a traditional Top 40 pop act by western standards and even standard idol pop groups have been known to sometimes throw in a twist. Marty himself has played support guitar for Momoiro Clover Z.
Modern J-pop has several sub-genres and niches, several popular forms including:
- Idol Genre: popularized in the 1970s, it gained steam in the late '90s and '00s from the success of Morning Musume, with many indie groups popping up to fill a niche interest. This led to what was known as the "Warring Idols Period".
- Anison ("anime song"): Many such songs are often featured in Anime openings and endings due to alliances between certain animation studios and record companies (i.e. lots of Sony artists have tie-ins with anime produced by Sony). Many voice actors have singing careers as well, with a significant overlap with the Idol Singer genre. Some voice actors may be an Idol Singer as well due to the boom of interest in idol music in the mid-2000s. This also includes Vocaloid.
- City Pop: A genre of Japanese pop music that is influenced by Western Jazz and Funk. It was popular in the late 70s and 80s but faded into obscurity after the economic bubble of the 1990s. City Pop saw a resurgence online thanks to references to it in Vaporwave and Future Funk.
The process of releasing singles and albums is usually the opposite of the way it works in the West: instead of artists releasing albums, then singles from those albums, labels tend to release a steady stream of singles, then compile those (along with other tracks) into albums—sometimes many months after the original singles. This sometimes gives labels/artists the opportunity to create a separate "album mix" of those singles.
Notable Japanese Pop artists:
- 2PM (primarily a Korean Pop Music Boy Band who also made their mark in Japan)
- AAA (Attack All Around)
- abingdon boys school
- Agnes Chan (a Hong Kong-born idol singer who debuted in Japan in the 70s)
- aiko
- Aiko Yamaide (the first Singer-Songwriter to come out of junior-Idol group Sakura Gakuin)
- AKB48
- Akeboshi
- Akina Nakamori
- Amiaya
- Anime Song Collabo (a very large internet based group)
- Anna Tsuchiya
- Angela
- Aqua Timez
- Arashi
- ayaka
- Ayami Muto
- Ayane
- Ayumi Hamasaki
- AZU
- BABYMETAL (started as straight pop-metal fusion, but became more Prog-Metal)
- Be For U
- Beatcats
- Be:First
- BENI
- BIGMAMA
- BIS
- BoA (a Korean Pop Music singer who also has a big presence in the J-pop industry)
- BUTAOTOME
- BXW
- B'z
- Capsule
- ClariS
- Crystal Kay
- DREAMS COME TRUE
- DIVA
- ENJIN
- E-Girls
- Exile
- EXO (primarily a Korean Pop Music Boy Band who also made their mark in Japan)
- EXO-CBX - sub-unit that promotes in Japan
- Faylan
- FEMM
- Flipper's Guitar
- FLOW
- Gacharic Spin
- GARNiDELiA
- GACKT
- GLAY
- GRANRODEO
- GReeeeN
- Halcali
- Happa-tai
- 2001 - "Yatta!"
- Hello! Project
- Hey! Say! JUMP
- High And Mighty Color
- Hinatazaka46
- hitomi
- HKT48
- Haruomi Hosono
- 1973 - Hosono House
- 1975 - Tropical Dandy
- 1976 - Bon Voyage Co.
- 1978 - Paraiso (with The Yellow Magic Band)
- 1978 - Pacific (with Shigeru Suzuki and Tatsuro Yamashita)
- 1978 - Cochin Moon (with Tadanori Yokoo)
- 1979 - The Aegean Sea (with Takahiko Ishikawa and Masataka Matsutohya)
- 1982 - Philharmony
- 1984 - Watering A Flower
- 1984 - Video Game Music (with the Namco sound team)
- Hyadain
- INI
- I've Sound
- IOSYS
- JAM Project
- Jin Akanishi
- JO 1
- Jun Togawa
- Kalafina
- Kamen Rider Girls
- Kanako Itou
- Kanjani8
- Kanon Wakeshima
- KAT-TUN
- Ken Hirai
- Kenji Sawada
- Kenshi Yonezu
- Ketsumeishi
- Kinki Kids note (Guinness World Record holders for having the most consecutive number 1 singles since debut (46 singles) and having the most consecutive number 1 singles in Japan)
- King & Prince
- Kis-My-Ft 2
- Kobukuro
- Koda Kumi
- Koichi Domoto (while an idol, he's also known starring in a long running stage musical Shock for two decades now)
- Kyary Pamyu Pamyu
- LADYBABY
- m-flo
- M.O.V.E.
- Mademoiselle Yulia
- Mami Kawada
- Mamoru Miyano (primarily a voice actor but later became well-known for his singing career)
- Maon Kurosaki
- Marginal #4
- Marina Horiuchi (she's a Jack of All Trades but has released several solo songs)
- Mariya Takeuchi
- May'n
- Melocure
- Megumi Hayashibara
- Mi Chi
- Mika Nakashima
- Miliyah Kato
- miwa
- Momoe Yamaguchi
- Momoiro Clover Z
- Mondo Grosso
- myco
- MYTH & ROID
- Nami Tamaki
- Nana Mizuki (primarily a voice actress but later became well-known for her singing career)
- Namie Amuro
- Nanabun no nijyuuni
- Naniwa Danshi
- Necronomidol
- Negicco
- NEWS
- NGT48
- NiziU
- NMB48
- nobodyknows+
- Nogizaka46
- OLIVIA (also Olivia Lufkin)
- @onefive (an offshoot of Sakura Gakuin, see below)
- Onyanko Club
- Orange Range
- OWV
- Paradox Live
- PassCode
- Perfume
- Pizzicato Five
- Porno Graffitti
- Princess Princess
- Project.R
- Puffy AmiYumi
- Rie fu
- ROOT FIVE
- Sakura Gakuin (a Junior-Idol group that produced a disproportionate number of popular entertainers in its 11-year run)
- Sakurazaka46
- Sambomaster
- sasakure.UK
- Rina Sawayama Japanese-British singer born in Japan
- Scandal
- See-Saw
- Seiko Matsuda
- Sexy Zone
- Shiina Ringo
- Shikata Akiko
- Shishido Kavka
- Shota Shimizu
- Shouta Aoi (primarily a voice actor but later became well-known for his singing career)
- Six TONES
- SKE48
- Snow Man
- SMAP
- SPEED
- Sphere
- Spontania
- STU48
- Sugawara Sayuri
- Yukihiro Takahashi
- 1978 - Saravah!
- 1980 - Murdered By The Music
- 1981 - Neuromantic
- Mariya Takeuchi (started as an Idol Singer but, with her husband Tatsuro Yamashita, became a pioneer in City Pop)
- Tempura Kidz
- The Tigers
- T.M.Revolution
- Tomoko Kawase (aka Tommy february6 or Tommy heavenly6)
- Tohoshinki (primarily a Korean Pop Music Boy Band who also made their mark in Japan)
- TOKIO
- Tokyo Girls' Style
- Tsukiuta
- Tsuyoshi Domoto (although he's gone through stage names such as Tsuyoshi, 244 Endli-x, and his most recent one, ENDRECHERI)
- TWICE (known mainly as a K-Pop group, but has 3 Japanese members and consistently releases Japanese versions of their songs plus original Japanese songs)
- Hikaru Utada Japanese American singer born in the U.S.
- 1999 - First Love
- 2001 - Distance
- 2002 - DEEP RIVER
- 2004 - Exodus
- 2006 - ULTRA BLUE (2006)
- 2008 - HEART STATION (2008)
- UVERWorld
- V6
- W-inds.
- x0o0x_
- Yellow Magic Orchestra (known mainly as a Synth-Pop group, but were hugely influential on J-pop artists and briefly dabbled in the genre in the waning days of their initial run)
- 1978 - Yellow Magic Orchestra (Album)
- 1979 - Solid State Survivor
- 1980 - ×∞Multiplies
- 1981 - BGM
- 1981 - Technodelic
- 1983 - Naughty Boys
- 1983 - Service
- 1993 - Technodon
- YOASOBI
- YUI (started as a solo artist, then had a 10-Minute Retirement, only to resurface fronting the band Flower Flower)
- Yui Horie (primarily a voice actress but later became well-known for her singing career)
- Yukiko Okada
- Yumi Matsutoya
- Yuna Ito