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This hand of mine glows with an awesome power!
Its burning grip tells me to defeat you!
Take this! My love, my anger, and all of my sorrow!
SHINING FINGER!!!
Domon Kasshu, Mobile Fighter G Gundam

Baron Diamond: Diamond Knuckle!
Shadehawk: Oh come on. That didn't deserve a name! It's just a punch!
Antihero for Hire

If you can do something more impressive than just throw a punch, your attack(s) must have an equally impressive name. More than that, you have to call it out as you launch the attack. It doesn't matter if it's a martial arts move or a magical spell, if you can't say its name, it just isn't nearly as cool or effective. Also, expect plenty of echoing to come with it, and (if a fighter is feeling particulary bombastic) dramatic... *pauses*... WITHAYELLATTHEEND! A standard feature of practically every Magical Girl, high fantasy, or martial arts anime.

The origins of this phenomenon are arguably Older Than Print. The idea that words can grant power is a cross cultural phenomenon that shows up frequently in the earliest tales of swords and sorcery. Members of the sinic language families in particular tend to ascribe special importance to the power of written characters, and the belief that special words can invoke control over supernatural power permeates their folklore (just ask your local shinto, buddhist, or daoist practitioner if they've donated to a shrine or temple to have a talisman written lately).

In terms of realism, this has some ground as traditional and even some current practioners of martial arts hold the belief that accompanying statements and/or vocal noises alongside execution build up their chi, thereby increasing the power and efficacy of their moves and techiques. Put less spiritually, saying a phrase at the right time during an attack ensures proper breathing. A call used for this reason is known as a kiai. The naming of attacks also served a more practical purpose as many martial arts schools, Chinese ones in particular, used to be secret societies. The passing down of techniques was done orally and giving them esoteric names often facilitated this transmission.

This is also often combined with a spellcaster's Invocation, with the final part of the incantation being the name of the spell, cried out just as the spell is triggered (Spirit of Fire, gather into my hand and incinerate my enemies! FIREBALL!). A character who grows in power will eventually graduate to being able to do the initial incantation mentally, turning the final trigger into this trope completely.

A variant has a Combat Commentator recognizing the attacks being used (usually with a line like "That's the legendary something-or-other technique!") and explaining them to any other characters watching (and the audience, of course).

Another variant, primarily found in video games, displays the attack name on screen as it is being executed, without a vocal "call". This typically happens in games where there is no voice acting; the call is implied. In fact, flamboyant attack/technique names are pretty much a trope in and of themselves.

To be fair, though, used properly and skilfully it can be an effective and compact narrative device. There isn't really a simpler way to let the audience know that Captain Kirk's next phaser blast isn't supposed to kill the alien, or that Judge Dredd's next bullet is supposed to go "boom". Especially in manga, it's particularly difficult to let the reader know what special attacks are used without either motion or color, so having the characters say it is probably the most practical solution.

Siter Trope of By The Power Of Greyskull, Invocation, Big Word Shout, Screaming Warrior, Roaring Predator. In a group, it sometimes overlap with Attack Pattern Alpha.

For a very villainous variation, see To The Pain. For battle cries or shouts, see Kiai and Battle Cry. When violently subverted, it's Talk To The Fist.
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