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Oh the ghost is here
It's a crook in a suit
The ghost is here
He's protecting some loot
The ghost is here
Oh give him the boot
He's fake!
Skycycle, "The Ghost Is Here"

Is there a phantom in the mall?
Folks are bound to ask.
Is he the phantom of the mall?
Or just some retard in a broken hockey mask?
—Theme song to Phantom Of The Mall: Erik's Revenge

The characters investigate a site with reported paranormal activity. By the end of the episode, they discover that the supposed supernatural activity is nothing but an elaborate hoax taking advantage of local lore to frighten off the curious from discovering and interfering with their main criminal activity.

In the old days, this apparently really worked. Smugglers could scare away intruders by dressing as ghosts. Nowadays, however, this would be a really stupid ploy, as many real life haunted houses and areas of paranormal activity are tourist attractions. The criminals wouldn't be able to move for New Agers, UFOlogists, people from shows like Myth Busters, James Randi fans, and other rubberneckers.

The commonest subversion is for all — or some — of it to prove Real After All or at least of uncertain origin. Indeed, the investigators may discover the truth and haul the instigators off to jail, and the audience alone gets to see the unambiguous and real apparition.

One of the major exceptions to Skepticism Failure. See also Monster Protection Racket, where the monsters are real but they're being set up. The Inversion of a Scooby Doo Hoax is Mistaken For An Imposter.
Examples:

Because the existence of a Scooby Doo Hoax tends to remain secret from the audience until the ending and belie earlier assumptions, mere presence on this list can be considered a spoiler.

Anime and Manga
  • This occurs in one story arc in Telepathy Shoujo Ran.
  • An episode of Kirby did this. The real surprise was that in the end, in addition to the kids playing pranks, there was an actual ghost. It was a mostly harmless one, though.

Comic Books
  • In Usagi Yojimbo, the hero comes to a tavern that borders a haunted woods. Once there, Usagi is forced to take a dare to explore the woods for an item there. In the woods, Usagi has a terrifying experience facing many of the monsters he has faced before and slashes out wildly. However, that reveals they are all elaborate puppets and he catches the puppeteers in this hoax. However, when he learns that the hoax, which is basically harmless, is helping their poor village prosper, he agrees to play along while allowed to get the quest object to win his wager.
  • The original purpose of the comic-book character Dr. Thirteen in DC Comics was to travel to supernatural sightings and debunk them. When he was integrated with the rest of the characters in a shared universe, this naturally led to some problems as the supernatural does exist in The DCU. This was largely "solved" by making Dr. Thirteen a Flat Earth Atheist Butt Monkey.
  • In the Donald Duck comic "The Old Castle's Secret," the ghost of Sir Quackly McDuck turns out to be a jewel thief using "invisibility spray." Carl Barks commented that he wanted to do a "Haunted Castle" story but at that time including "real" supernatural events such as ghosts in a Disney comic was strictly taboo.
    • Another Carl Barks example comes from the story "Terror of the River", where Donald and his nephews investigate a giant serpent-monster terrorizing a waterway. The "monster" turns out a realistic inflatable model controlled by a guy in a submarine. As opposed to some of the other examples on this page, the perp had no ulterior motive-he was just a Jerk Ass who liked scaring people for the heck of it.
    • Less notable Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse stories have done this over and over again in various forms. An inverted version where the heroes scare away the villains from something being protected is about as common. The twist where some of it is shown to be real after all appears frequently in both versions. One story-within-a-story, written by Goofy, was a parody; in the end, the answer to how the villain was able to create the appearance of all those supernatural monsters is explained by saying that, well, he was a magician, and magicians do all kinds of tricks we can't explain, so why should the story do that?
  • Certain incarnations of Batman do this with a twist: We all know that Batman is a guy in a mask, but bystanders (often times crooks) who believe that the knew masked vigilante of Gotham is a myth or a guy in a mask are chided or a chiding a more sympathetic villain who believe Bats is some Bat deamon or something like that guy in Metropolis. Than Batman shows up and "proves" the skeptic wrong.

Film
  • The movie Volver: The whole population of a superstitious village is convinced that the spirit of a woman who died in a fire has come back to take care of her sister in her old age. When the sister dies, the ghost moves in with her daughter. It turns out that she never died in the first place; she burned the house where her husband and his lover were sleeping to the ground, and the lover's charred body was thought to be hers. She pretended to be a ghost to escape a murder investigation.
  • The 5th Friday The13th movie is a semi example. The killer turns out not to really be Jason, but a copycat. Although it is one serial killer imitating another, he is pretending to have come back from the dead, even though the genuine Jason wasn't supernatural by this point and was in fact genuinely deceased (he would become the indestructible zombie we all know in the next film).
  • Parodied in one of the endings of Wayne's World
  • Captain Clegg is about a circle of rumrunners, led by Peter Cushing, who use this to try to scare or distract away the law.

Literature
  • Raphael Sabatini's 1907 short story The Plague of Ghosts.
  • Washington Irving's 1819 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" strongly implies that Brom Bones eliminates Ichabod Crane as a rival for his lover's hand by dressing up as the Headless Horsemen and scaring him out of town.
  • Literary example: Most of the Leaphorn/Chee mysteries by Tony Hillerman, with the supernatural elements in this case coming from the myths of the Navajo or other Native American tribes of the American Southwest.
  • Terry Pratchett's Masquerade had one member of Ankh-Morpork's Opera House dressing as 'The Ghost,' terrorizing and even killing members of the cast in order to hide his embezzlement. At the same time, there was an actual "Ghost" roaming the opera house who gave nighttime lessons to promising singers and left rose stems scented with rose oil to reward exceptional performances.
    • Who also was a member of the opera house.
    • Note that the Opera Ghost almost never pretends to be actually a ghost. He's perfectly happy to be a guy in a mask...
  • The Hound of the Baskervilles, a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, includes a similar plot twist. The story came out in 1902, making this Older Than Radio.
  • The Simon Ark short stories by Edward D. Hoch.
  • In the James Bond novel Live And Let Die, Mr. Big cultivates an air of voodoo around himself to deter investigation into his operations.
  • The Phantom Of The Opera
  • Virtually every single instalment in the Austrian Knickerbockerbande youth crime fiction series, to the point where the reader would know from the start that the supposed haunting was fake, and the main interest was in finding out how the hoax worked.

Live Action TV
  • An episode of Torchwood focuses on the investigation of a man-eating creature that turns out to be a perfectly human family of cannibals, using legend to discourage a direct confrontation.
    • The cannibals don't pretend they're aliens or monsters, and rather than keep people away they leave a corpse laying out in the woods and even steal the SUV just to lure Torchwood into their village. They're only ruse is having family members in the police force so the disappearences aren't investigated.
  • Many episodes of Banacek featured apparently supernatural events, debunked by the title character in the climax.
  • Ditto, in the short-lived series, Blackes Magic.
  • Ditto, in the also short-lived Probe.
  • Reversed in The X Files, where it's almost always really a supernatural occurrence, but at least once it was criminals playing dress-up to distract people from their actual crimes.
  • Either Inverted of Subverted trope in an episode of Psych. The monster is attempting to attract people to his "haunted" camp.
    • The actions of the protagonist in that show aren't far from this trope, in that he feigns Psychic Powers to solve crimes.
    • There's also an episode where Shawn and Gus are investigating a supposedly haunted house and the perpetrator of the Scooby Doo Hoax turns out to be Shawn himself.
  • The Doctor Who serial "The Rescue", where the 'alien monster' terrorising the shipwrecked colonists turns out to be one of the colonists in disguise.

Western Animation
  • Virtually every episode of the original Scooby Doo. In the later shows and most of the movies, this would often be inverted — at least some of the monsters were real. (The sole exception in the original series that this editor can think of — the out-of-control robot terrorizing an elderly couple's amusement park turned out to actually be an out-of-control robot, originally built by the elderly man as an assistant)
    • In fact, in some of the Direct-To-Video movies, there are both. Then there was the second live-action movie, which had the costumes used by the original criminals... being ANIMATED BY SUPERNATURAL FORCES.
    • And in 'Where's My Mummy' it was Velma who was pretending to the monster (After faking turning herself into stone) to protect a Egyptian dig and scare away exploiters, doing exactly what almost everyone the Scooby Gang had unmasked did. Although for more noble purposes.
      • The stupid part is that she neglects to tell the rest of the mystery gang this information, leading to a lot of avoidable running around in panic.
  • Max Steel, "Sphinxes": The heroes investigate a pyramid and after discovering the hoax, Genre Savvy Ascended Fanboy Max reports that it's a "Scooby Doo" and explains what he means to his Stuffy British partner.
    Max: Since when do ancient Egyptian death gods have jaws that clank when you hit them? It's all classic Scooby-Doo.
    Rachel (puzzled): Scooby-what?
    Max: (groan) Your ignorance is frightening. When the bad guys are up to no good, they use local lore to scare away the curious. That's the Scooby Way.
    Rachel: I'll study his teachings later.
  • One ep of Teamo Supremo doesn't just feature a Scooby Doo Hoax, the foiled villain in that ep even uses the "You Meddling Kids" line at the end.
  • The "Trick or Techrat" episode of Jem had Eric, Techrat, and a one-shot character attempting to pull off a "Scooby-Doo Hoax" to shut down a opera house.
  • Parodied in the South Park episode "Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery". It turns out that all the paranormal occurences were the result of Priest Maxi trying to stop the Halloween Haunt- but the "logical explanations" include such ridiculousness as Maxi using a flashlight to create a giant ghost ship and a dog apparently swallowing an entire corpse whole.
  • Any supernatural elements in Butch Cassidy And The Sundance Kids turn out to be this (although given the show's similarity to Scooby Doo this shouldn't come as a surprise to most viewers).
  • The Magic School Bus episode "Ups And Downs" has a talk show report creating a fake lake monster to bolster her ratings. The kids manage to discover the truth and expose the hoax.
  • Played (painfully) straight in the first aired episode of The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, featuring a pirate's "ghost" rampaging in the Bermuda area.
  • Naturally, parodied in an early episode of The Venture Bros.

Webcomics
  • Kate Beaton's comics have, in a couple of recent strips, featured "Mystery Solving Teens", which parody the entire genre. Having been enlightened to a mystery in the area, the teens go off and smoke for a while, then Ass Pull a name or group who was pulling the Scooby Doo Hoax for the benefit of the person begging their help.