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alt title(s): Ret Conned; Retroactive Continuity
"You're going to use this opportunity to casually ignore randomly inconvenient plot settings!"
Nozomu Itoshiki, Sayonara Zetsubou Sensei

"But keep in mind, is that what really matters is that the status quo will be forever changed until the story is quietly retconned out of existence."

Retcon = Retroactive Continuity.

Reframing past events to serve a current plot need. When the inserted events work with what was previously stated, it's a Revision; when they outright replace it, it's a Rewrite. The ideal Retcon clarifies a question alluded to without adding excessive new questions.

While the term comes from comic books, dating to All-Star Squadron #18 in 1983 and shortened to "retcon" by the end of the decade, the technique is much older. Often, it's used to serve a new plot by changing its context; however, it's also done when the creators are caught writing a story that violates continuity and isn't very plausible.

In Marvel Comics, the person who pointed out the problem and at the same time provided a plausible explanation was awarded a Genuine Marvel Comics No-Prize by editor Stan Lee, a tradition that was kept alive by other editors after he became publisher.

See also Ass Pull, but note that not every Retcon is an Ass Pull. An Ass Pull, by definition, is something that was not properly set up before it is sprung on the audience. It is related to Deus Ex Machina. Sometimes a good Retcon can actually improve the current narrative, as with the new Back Story provided for Spike in "Fool For Love" (Buffy The Vampire Slayer). A good way to get away with a Ret Con is to reveal new implications or motivations for events that have already been established.

Smoother Retcons won't be distinguishable as such, and can even make what was initially an Ass Pull later look like a Xanatos Gambit.

(In other words, No Prize it into plausibility and away from the dizzying realm of the Ass Pull)

The Retcon is considered by many to occur when current events contradict the past continuity of the series and is evidence of a Writer On Board. Perhaps more often, the Retcon does not actually violate canon, but rather violates fanon, the set of unstated interpretations usually made by the audience. Most competent writers achieve a Retcon by relying on a less-obvious but still perfectly valid interpretation of what was previously seen.

As the number of twists and misdirections in a story becomes higher, it becomes more difficult to tell whether an event actually is a Retcon (which implies that the writers changed their minds), or a misdirection (which implies that the writers intended the "retconned" version all along, and had been deliberately misleading the audience before). In some cases, it is impossible to tell, short of reading the author's mind. (Even then, it might not helped, as it's entirely possible for an author to be on the fence about what they're planning to do.)

A Retcon may be used as part of an Armed With Canon campaign launched by one author against the work of another author in the same Shared Universe. Over-use of Retcon can result in Continuity Snarl. It can also result in your readers and fans approaching the work with a certain degree of skepticism, cynicism or even complete disinterest, especially if you tend to obviously and quickly Retcon away that which turns out to be unpopular or drastically challenges or changes the status quo — after all, why get involved in your latest Crisis Crossover Event which promises to Change Everything Forever and that Nothing Will Be The Same Again if there's a good chance it'll all just be Ret Conned away after a short period of time?

This happens very easily with prequels when the writers aren't being very careful.

Compare Flip Flop Of God. Tends to come in The Reveal format.

Specific variants: Cerebus Retcon, Re Vision, Re Write and Remember The New Guy.

Examples

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