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Also called Wrongly Accused. The hero of the series has been falsely accused of a crime he did not commit.

Maybe he was just in the wrong place at the wrong time — in line at the bank when it got robbed, or riding in the same subway car as a murder is committed. Maybe the series' Big Bad has deliberately sent an Evil Twin to frame him. Maybe it's a Government Conspiracy to silence him because he knows too much.

Whatever the root cause, the phony evidence is so convincing, or the convergence of bad luck that makes him look guilty is so unlikely, our hero finds himself struggling to convince anyone that he is an innocent man. Even his own friends seem ready to write him off guilty as charged. (With this belief sometimes persisting to the point of What An Idiot.)

The only way he can set this miscarriage of justice straight is to find the real criminal and bring him to justice. This can take an episode or two, or it can be the premise behind an ongoing arc.

Sometimes this can be resolved while the hero is out on bail, or perhaps it has to wait until he completes his sentence. If he's supposed to be in jail, then it also becomes a Stern Chase.

If the protagonist actually commits some crimes in the course of trying to clear his name, then he will likely benefit from Wrongful Accusation Insurance. Selective Condemnation is an extremely contrived Video Game variant.

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Examples:

Anime and Manga

• Subverted in Fist Of The North Star; Rei has been looking for "the man with the seven scars" who kidnapped his sister. The only person who fits that description that we've met so far is Kenshiro, but we know for a fact he didn't do it. His sister is eventually found and cured of her blindness by Ken, but when Rei finds out about Ken's seven scars, he laughs it off, saying that he knows Ken is too nice of a guy to ever do something like that. Turns out the real culprit is Jagi, who has been trying to frame Ken the whole time.
• Spoofed early in Love Hina, when Keitaro resolves to "clear his name" with Shinobu. Naru immediately points out that there's nothing to clear up - he really did do the things that made Shinobu upset with him.
• Happens to the Nakama in Mahou Sensei Negima when Arch Enemy Fate Averruncus destroys the gate port from the magic world to the Muggle side, finding a way to alter the video footage so that it appears the heroes did it. Odd in that the Magitek cameras probably should've been able to pick up on that, seeing as A Wizard Did It (While several figures who actually witnessed the event clearly saw the Nakama trying to defend against Fate and his minions). Needless to say, the entire well-separated group is on the lam.
  • Amusingly his father is in the nearly same situation in the flashback.
• Averted in Glass Mask. Maya Kitajima is pretty much kicked out of entertainement industry when Suzuko Tashiro aka Norie Otobe frames her for a scandal, yet she presses forward and starts back in theater.
• Subverted slightly in Death Note - villain protagonist Light gives up his memories of being the mass-murderer Kira and proceeds to spend the next few months attempting to clear his name by catching the 'real' Kira.
• Averted in Monster. Everyone assumes that Tenma is trying to clear his name, but he just has other things on his mind.

Comics

• Happens regularly in Batman titles:
  • An entire storyline was devoted to Bruce Wayne: Murderer? and its follow-up, Bruce Wayne: Fugitive. Notable because the Batfamily members were the ones doing the clearing up, while Batman considered that "Bruce Wayne" had just become a burden to be abandoned, even saying that "Bruce Wayne doesn't exist".
  • Dick Grayson was once accused of murder and had to fight to prove he was innocent.
  • Renee Montoya is accused of murder in a storyline of Gotham Central when in fact she's been set up by her Stalker With A Crush Two-Face. On that occasion, her colleagues try to prove she's innocent, Batman investigates the case, and Bruce Wayne pays for her lawyer.

Film

• The ultimate example is, of course, The Fugitive.
  • And all of its parodies, such as Wrongfully Accused.
• The movie The Star Chamber starring Michael Douglas explores the theme of vigilante justice, with a group of judges re-examining cases and 'executing' those they find guilty by means of a contract killer. It later turns out that two petty crooks 'sentenced' in this manner didn't do the crime they were accused of (a child killing). Michael Douglas is faced with the question of whether he should try and save two 'innocent' criminals, who he finds are PCP dealers.

Literature

• Happens to Dmitri in The Brothers Karamazov. He doesn't end up clearing his name, however, and the main characters are hatching a plan for an escape attempt out of prison as the novel ends.
• "Devil Asteroid" from the Mighty Orbots, but subverted a bit when Rondu tells Ohno and Rob that SHADOW has control of the asteroid.
• This happens to Finn and Uncle Stoppard in the fifth Finnegan Zwake novel.
• This happens to pilot Tycho Celchu in the X Wing Series - he was briefly held by The Empire's mistress of brainwashing, they dumped thousands of credits into his bank accounts, he was seen with someone who from behind looked liked one of the prominent Imperials, and he was in position to kill Corran Horn. Who did not actually die. It's mentioned that most of the evidence is circumstantial, but there's a mountain of it,
• In Dan Abnett's Eisenhorn novel Malleus revolved about Eisenhorn's revealing that another inquisitor had really gone rogue, and framed him for it. (Cherubael, who set it up, was shocked that Eisenhorn was annoyed by it.)
• In the Matt Helm novel The Retaliators, $20,000 is deposited in Matt's bank account to frame him for treason.

Live Action Television

• Nowhere Man incorporated some of this in its core concept.
• Prison Break
• The Adventures Of Brisco County Jr. ("Crystal Hawks")
• The protagonist of Day Break is framed for a murder and must use a Groundhog Day Loop to figure out who's doing it and why.
• In the Nip Tuck episode "Granville Trapp," Christian was hauled into jail on suspicion of being the Carver — a hypothesis which would have demanded truly frightening devotion on his part, as both he and his partner had been Carver victims. The frame-up was, of course, perpetrated by the actual Carver team: Dr. Quentin Costa, aided by Det. Kit Mc Graw.
• In Stargate SG-1, Colonel O'Neill is framed for the murder of Senator Kinsey and the rest of his team must clear his name.
• This has happened at least once to Inspector Morse.
• The whole plot of the TV series Renegade.
• Occurs about once a series in the Star Trek franchise. Usually, a senior officer is accused of committing a crime under alien law, the evidence at the trial looks pretty damning, and then at the end the heroes present The Real Cause- which ranges from inadvertent suicide by the supposed victim to Jack the Ripper in energy-being form.
• In the Season 6 finale of Monk, Monk is framed for murder and escapes custody to try and look for the real murderer.
• The premise of The A Team has a variation; they actually did commit the crime they're wanted for, but it was part of a secret military operation. Unfortunately their commander died shortly thereafter without explaining this to anyone...
• Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps. And The Wrong Man. And North By Northwest...
• Andromeda:
  • In "All Great Neptune's Ocean" Tyr Anasazi is found standing over the dead body with the smoking gun (well, force lance) in his hand. His friends find out that the weapon has been manipulated to fire on a signal tone. Only then did Tyr draw it to get it under controll.
  • Beka Valentine refers to this incidence, when in "Shards of Rimni" Dylan Hunt is found with the murder weapon in his hand standing next to the kille and arrested for murder. It turns out, Dylan has been set up.
• Ned falls victim to this in one episode of Pushing Daisies.
• Burn Notice.
• This is the driving premise of Far Scape. John Crichton spends most of the entire span of the show (including the miniseries finale) running from the current Big Bad—each one wanting his head on a platter for something he didn't do (or doesn't know he can do) until he gets sick and tired of it and decides to stop running.
• The series Matlock is based on this trope. Virtually every episode involves the eponymous attorney defending an innocent man and his investigation inevitably uncovers the real crook.
• Sgt. Doakes in Dexter becomes suspected for the Bay Harbor Butcher, while he is actually the only one in the department who sees the Devil In Plain Sight, and tries to clear his name while on the run. Brutally subverted when the blood slides he took from Dexters apartment are mistaken for his property, and when he tries to catch Dexter in the act, Dexter overpowers him, and frames him. Also, Lila kills Doakes by blowing up the cabin he's in, which wasn't in Dexter's plan, he doesn't kill innocents.
• The title character of La Femme Nikita (the series only) spends very little time trying to clear her name, but the wrongful accusation is an important point in the series setup. She's an innocent accused of murder, forced into government service as a disposable killer.
• Apparently contractually obligated for members of the main NCIS team, given that aside from possibly Gibbs and Abby, each of them has had a Clear My Name episode: "Frame-Up" for Tony, "Probie" for McGee, both "Jeopardy" and "Shalom" for Ziva, and "Broken Bird" for Ducky.
  • When Tony is briefly implicated for a murder in the episode "Bounce", his response is a dry "And to think I almost made it an entire year without being accused of murder."
• A current plot point in 24 has Jack Bauer on the run from the FBI, after a Starkwood assassin frames him for the murders of 2 government officials.
  • And further complicating matters? Jack ends up killing the assassin (in self defense) before he can get himself cleared. With a bulldozer. And an armor-piercing screwdriver. And a 2 by 4.
    • And since that still wasn't enough Jack-Bauer-level-badassness, he takes the screwdriver from the body, inserts said screwdriver into a pickup truck's ignition, starts it up, and drives away. Damn, Jack.
• The Battlestar Galactica episode Murder On The Rising Star has Starbuck accused of murder and Apollo struggling to find the evidence to clear him.
• In the first season of Heroes, Peter Petrelli is arrested for the murder of Jackie Wilcox, when in fact it was Sylar.
• Quite popular in CSI and the spinoffs. In CSI:NY Danny has been accused of murdering a cop, as well as a kid who had been dealing drugs to support his family. Mac is accused of leaking sensitive information several times, and, on one occasion, of murdering a "helpless" serial killer, and Hawkes is framed for murdering a bartender as revenge for what the mastermind believes is a false guilty verdict. In the standard CSI, just offhand, Warrick, Greg and Jim are all accused of murder.

Video Games

• The story mode of the video game WWE Day of Reckoning 2 sees the main character framed for stealing the WWE Championship belt, and thus banned from Monday Night Raw; he must then prove his innocence while rebuilding his wrestling career as a member of the Smackdown roster.
• Sonic is captured in Sonic Adventure 2 because everyone mistakes Shadow for him. You'd think people would have noticed the fact they're completely different colors. Then again, how many anthropomorphic hedgehogs with super-speed do you see running around?
• Phoenix Wright had this happen to him in the second case of Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney, forcing him to represent himself in court. Also, more or less in Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney.
• Happened to Link in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. After the evil wizard in residence does away with Princess Zelda, his minions get the word out (with surprising speed) that Link has kidnapped her. Signs are posted in his hometown and if they spot him, his neighbors will yell for the palace guards to come and kill him.
• The Gamecube remake of Skies Of Arcadia features a Bonus Boss like this - the three main characters have impersonators they can go after for a bounty. This has no bearing on the plot, but does affect the player character's ingame title; he goes from his title marking him as a well-liked hero to "Vyse the Fallen Pirate" until the imposers are taken care of.
• The plot of Condemned: Criminal Origins is based on this. At the end of the first mission, the killer who has stolen main character Ethan's gun shoots two police officers. Ethan's goal for the rest of the game is catching him..
• This is part of the basis of the plots of both the Max Payne computer games. In the first He witnesses his partner's murder, which he is framed for. His motive for uncovering the V conspiracy is both to avenge his slain wife, and to find his partner's true murderer. In the second he is again framed for the murder of his partner, although in this case the partner turns out to be working for the Big Bad. After killing a legion of gangsters and junkies (admittedly in self defense), he benefits from Wrongful Accusation Insurance, as he gets off scot free and even ends up working back in the Police under the man who was hunting him in the first game!
• Mega Man 9 starts off with a variant of this trope - the robots that attack at the start of the game are designed by Dr. Light, and Wily further stains Light's reputation with a video recording and his Swiss Bank Account number for donations. The goal is, obviously, to clear Dr. Light. The truth is a bit more complicated. Anyone who's played a Mega Man game before has reason to believe Wily's behind it all, and they're absolutely right.
  • Before that is in Mega Man 5, where MegaMan has to clear his brother ProtoMan's name.
• Super Mario Sunshine begins with Mario having to clear his name after Bowser jr. frames him for polluting the island.
• This is a plot point used in a late-game story arc in City Of Heroes — in the course of your investigating the Corrupt Corporate Executive Countess Crey, she manages to fabricate charges against you, placing you on the top 10 wanted list and issuing an APB for your arrest. This being a memorpuger, of course, there's very little influence on your actual gameplay routine, aside from a couple of post-mission ambushes from villain groups looking to get the reward. The solution, of course, is to finally expose the Big Bad as the Villain With Good Publicity that she is, but again, successfully doing so won't change your gameplay routine for the better or anything.

Western Animation

• Ed Edd N Eddy, "If It Smells Like An Ed": The Eds are framed for wrecking the other kids' "Friendship Day" celebration, and try to find out who set them up.
  • It was Jimmy.
• An uncommon variation of Clear My Name is a Reincarnation being accused of crimes committed in a past life. Avatar The Last Airbender put Aang through one of these turning out to be guilty, and Star Trek Deep Space Nine subjected Dax to one.
• In Justice League Unlimited, the whole League is framed when Lex Luthor seizes control of their headquarters' Kill Sat to destroy a government base and half of a city. While six of the senior Leaguers turn themselves in as an act of good faith, Batman calls that a stupid move, refuses to cooperate and does the hard investigative work to save the day instead. Once cleared, the rest get to be his Big Damn Heroes.
• Happened on Batman The Animated Series, episode "Feat of Clay", where Matt Hagen (prior to becoming Clayface) impersonates Bruce Wayne and gets him framed for an attempted murder — the man was saved by Batman, of course. Since his only alibi is being Batman, he's faced with having to clear his name some other way.
• Jem plays this trope straight in "One Jem Too Many" in which Misfits fan Clash disguises herself as a rude version of Jem. Clash is revealed by she's changed to sing by Jem, which reveals Clash to be a member in good standing of Hollywood Tone Deaf.
• In a bizarre reversal, Batman races against time to clear the Joker's name in The Joker: Devil's Advocate, as his insanity defense finally fails and he's sentenced to death, but for a murder he didn't actually commit.
• In The Spectacular Spider Man, this happens to Spider-Man when Master Of Disguise the Chameleon impersonates him in a series of robberies. Though he clears his name, the damage to his reputation has been done.
  • And again when Venom returns. Subverted (to this troper's great joy) when Captain Stacy notes that, not only does Venom have a different build than Spiderman (when he was wearing the black suit), but that he has a different fighting style, prompting Stacy to see Venom as an imitator.
• An ongoing Arc in Danny Phantom is the hero himself having to clear his name and prove he's the good guy to his Untrusting Community due to an elaborate plan by a disgruntled ghostly sheriff. It takes him several episodes and a near sacrifice, but he succeeds.

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