Used for a quick gag in Avatar: The Last Airbender: Toph makes a tunnel and tells everyone to jump in to hide from the enemy. Sokka starts panicking that he can't see anything, which Toph (who was born blind) sarcastically empathizes with. Sokka apologizes.
In the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Blind as a Bat", our hero has to stop the Penguin from stealing an experimental military helicopter despite his impairment. Batman uses a sonar system that somehow plugs into his brain to provide an artificial equivalent of sight (why he can't just plug a camera into his brain is never addressed), but it's conveniently damaged at the climax of the fight, forcing Batman to defeat the Penguin using only his sense of hearing.
This happens to Rhinox, Dinobot, Cheetor, and Rattrap in the Beast Wars episode "Dark Voyage", in which their optic sensors are shorted out and they have to make it back to base so they can use the CR chamber to restore their sight.
One episode of Darkwing Duck has a very similar plot to the Batman: The Animated Series episode above. This is to be expected, as the series is somewhat of a spoof of Batman (though not a direct spoof of BTAS, since the latter premiered after its cancellation).
Dragons: Riders of Berk: In the episode "Blindsided" from Race to the Edge, Astrid becomes temporarily blinded by a lightning bolt that nearly hit her. She remains blind throughout the entire episode, having to rely on Hiccup to get around and feeling useless in situations involving violence and peril. Later, her enhanced hearing helps her and Hiccup evade danger and even uses them to calm the Triple Stryke.
In an episode of Family Guy, Peter decides to set a record for swallowing the most coins. Eventually, he goes blind from nickel poisoning until the end when he inadvertently rescues Horace the bartender when the bar was on fire. He gains his sight back when he receives an eye transplant from a hobo he accidentally killed.
Late in the first season of Frisky Dingo, both Killface and Xander are blinded and eventually get eye transplants.
In a Goliath ChroniclesGargoyles episode, the vision in Hudson's good eye starts to wane. He has surgery to get it corrected (as the gargoyles' existence is public knowledge by now) but has to deal with a Quarrymen attack while blindfolded, with the help of his permanently-blind friend Robbins.
He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (1983): In one episode, He-Man and Ram-Man visit a crystal cave along with a blind boy, so he can hear the "singing crystals". However, a crystal stalactite falls from the ceiling, causing a burst of light that blinds them both. Thus, it's the blind boy who now has to guide the heroes back to the surface, due to being more used to the disability.
An episode of Jimmy Two-Shoes has the entire town of Miseryville like this after a light show, with Jimmy deciding to take advantage of the situation to do whatever he wants.
In one episode of King of the Hill, Hank is very uncomfortable with his mother's new boyfriend; one day, when he accidentally walks in on them having sex, the sight causes him to go blind for several days. Only after accepting him as a stepfather does he get his sight back.
The Smurfs (1981): In the episode "The Dark Ness Monster", Brainy Smurf is rendered practically blind after losing his glasses. He has to rely on Clumsy Smurf's guidance for the episode, which results in the two becoming best friends.
The Rankin/Bass special The Story of the First Christmas Snow begins with an orphaned shepherd named Lucas getting hit by lightning, the shock of which renders him blind. Naturally, it ends not only with him getting his wish of having it snow on Christmas Eve but getting his sight back when the snow touches his eyes. The nun who was caring for Lucas during his recovery calls it a "gift from God".
A villainous example in SuperMansion: Lex Lightning, after revealing herself as The Mole, is blinded by a blast from her illegitimate father Titanium Rex's gauntlet. Her vision is back by the next episode.
April O'Neil has her turn with this trope in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012), in an unconventional manner — due to a psychic mishap, she winds up with her sight hooked into the vision of a rampaging mutant bird, leaving her able to see through its eyes as it attacks her friends — but unable to see anything around her. She partners with the still-injured Leonardo to mount a rescue of the captured Turtles and Casey.
Total Drama: In "One Flew Over the Cuckoos" from Action, the campers suffer from a disease made up by Chris (which is the result of the condiments Chef used on the pizza). One of the symptoms include temporary blindness, which only affects Harold.
and tells everyone to jump in to hide from the enemy. Sokka starts panicking that he can't see anything, which Toph (who was born blind) sarcastically empathizes with. Sokka apologizes.