Techno

Primary Stylistic Influences:

• House Music, Electro, Synth-Pop, early Electronic Music (primarily Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra)

Secondary Stylistic Influences:

• Alternative Dance (in the early days, mostly), Funk, Disco, Italo Disco

I heard a techno song one time that went like... "Doom doom doom doom..." And then this other part came in, and it was like... "Doodle-um-dum doodle-um-dum..." And then there's always some kinda high pitched noise, y'know? Or like, a siren... And of course they have to put in the obligatory old movie quote from some sci-fi movie. It's like... "The system is down! The system is down!"

—Strong Bad, Strong Bad Email #45 "techno"

Techno is, typically, a form of electronic dance music with a heavy 4/4 beat played by a drum machine. Most of the time it's instrumental, or uses vocals only in a limited manner (samples or a repeated phrase), and has a synthetic, futuristic feel to it, due to the use of synthesizer keyboards and synth bass. However, this doesn't mean that music which has these characteristics is specifically techno, or that techno has to have all these characteristics.

It was originally conceived in The '80s by three black middle class Detroit audiophiles (called "The Belleville Three" due to their neighborhood): Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson. They started making music that combined their love of early European synthpop and contemporary funk. In fact that May had described the sound of early techno "like George Clinton and Kraftwerk are stuck in an elevator with only a sequencer to keep them company". It basically ended up sounding like music for robots to breakdance to. Atkins was arguably the first person to produce techno music, while May developed many of its distinct features, and Saunders was the first to push techno to the charts (with his group Inner City). Here's an example of an early techno song by Juan Atkins' group Cybotron.

Additional History

Around the same time, house music was starting to become a major player in the Chicago dance scene. When the early techno producers heard some of it, they adapted the the 4/4 beat house is known for to techno's robotic, futuristic sound. While the people in Chicago were partying and having good time, dancing like there's no tomorrow, people in Detroit were putting their own twist to the Windy City producers' music. Many of the Detroit techno fans and musicians were car manufacturing workers, working all day with robots. Some of them crossed hard periods in their life, as most car manufacturers were crossing an economic crisis caused by an oil crisis. Their city was going in ruins, criminality was rampant, and while some other people of roughly the same demographic were busy creating their own brand of Darker and Edgier brand of rap music, the spiritual offspring of the Belleville Three were raving in abandoned warehouses to the sound of hard, mechanic funk known as techno.

Despite their differences, techno and house have nevertheless had a pretty symbiotic relationship, sharing many similar attributes, such as a 4/4 beat and looped samples. The main difference is in the sound: the more synthetic and robotic a tune sounds, the more likely it's techno. The more organic and disco-y sounding it is, the more likely it's house. The two genres have often overlapped, the subgenre of "tech house" being one result of merging the two. Here is an example of what techno began to sound like after the house music influence in it became more prominent.

After the 1980s techno has moved far beyond the borders of Detroit and has a sizeable fan base around the world. Germany in particular has taken a liking to the genre, and Berlin has become techno's second city, more or less. German techno has two major strands: the maximalist techno meant for mainstream clubs and raves, and the minimalist subgenre that's more fitting for home listening, though it's played in clubs as well.

The minimal techno movement has engineered some of the most incredibly fervent defenders of this genre. Here is the story: in the mid-1990s, after the passage of the acid house/techno movement, followed by the raves and free parties in Europe, as well as the rise to fame of trance and extreme hardcore, techno was going through a crisis. The music that was once dance-oriented, funky and soulful had become too ravey, fast, and hard to the taste of some of the older figures in techno. One of them, Richie Hawtin, reacted with sonic minimalism. Under the moniker Plastikman, he produced some of the most smooth, fluid, and funky techno ever, using almost the same tools than those who created the genre: Roland drum machines and bassline generators.

Another man, Robert Hood, came with another approach: structural minimalism. It consisted of keeping the music structure very clear, simple and repetitive, but also in making sure that the sonic quality of the production was the best possible. Hawtin and Hood were not the only ones being tired of ravey and fast techno, and by the early 2000s the minimal sound had gained a considerable fanbase. Today, some of the most famous techno producers create very minimalistic techno.

Classic techno also continued to evolve, and at some point it sort of merged recently with the minimal movement, brigning tempos back to more danceable 125-128, and retaining a lot of the power and precision of the minimal basslines. The 2000s have produced a generation of techno lovers that are extremely purist about the music they love.

Most techno is in 4/4, with a bass drum on each downbeat, and either a clap or a snare on every 2nd and 4th beat. Most of the time it retains the open-hi-hat-on-every-upbeat feeling of house, but there's often a rhythmic accent that marks the upbeats. Techno tunes are typically instrumental, and they rarely have full-on singing, though short vocal samples are commonly used.

The term "techno" has often been misused as a catch-all term for electronic dance music. Techno tends to have a rather specific sound, and in fact a decent amount of what some people call "techno" is usually either trance, house music, or Eurodance. Some fans find it very frustrating when people misunderstand what techno is about. Calling this techno is as accurate as calling Avril Lavigne hardcore punk^note That tune is trance, for those who are wondering.

See also: Speedy Techno Remake. The Other Wiki has a more in-depth article on techno.

Examples of techno music:

• Original 1980s Detroit techno: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7HiL2m63pQ
• European techno that evolved from the Detroit sound in the early 1990s: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpZVPSCv79U
• American minimal techno from the 1990s: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um0zaDEBUQw
• European minimal techno from the 2000s: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Bc2HlUNcS8

List of techno musicians

• μ-Ziq ^note  pronounced "music"
• 808 State (Trope Codifier for the European style of techno, and originators of the acid house subgenre)
• Aphex Twin
  • 1992 - Selected Ambient Works 85–92
• Juan Atkins (co-Trope Maker)
• Autechre
• Basic Channel
• Blake Baxter
• Boys Noize (the most popular example of the genre in recent years)
• Carl Cox (mixed with some elements of House Music)
• Carl Craig
• Dave Clarke
• Deli Girls
• Drexciya
• Ellen Allien
• Faithless
• Laurent Garnier
• A Guy Called Gerald
• Gesaffelstein (mixed with Industrial in Aleph and with R&B in Hyperion)
• ItaloBrothers
• K Hand
• LFO (not the American one, the British band.)
• Lords of Acid
• Derrick May (co-Trope Maker)
• Moby (on his early 1990s records)
• Monolake
• Mouse On Mars (on their 1990s albums)
• The Orb
• Orbital
• Kevin Saunderson (co-Trope Maker)
• Sweet Trip
• Underground Resistance
• Underworld (arguably the most commercially successful example)
• Ricardo Villalobos
• Yellow Magic Orchestra (a massive influence on techno, their album Technodon would later see them experiment with the genre whole-hog; said album is primarily considered ambient techno, with elements of House Music, trance, and World Music)
  • 1993 - Technodon

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