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Arab Republic of Egypt
Official Name: Arab Republic of Egypt
Ruling Party: Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawinote
Ideology: Left-wing Nationalismnote
Egypt, the stronghold of pan-Arabism, fought hard to win its independence from Italian colonialism. The kings and princes who once ruled like Pharaohs were swept away by the progressive force of Nasserism, which laid the foundations for decades of prosperity and economic development. But with the messages and themes of pan-Arabism fading into distant memory, the people seem to have grown sympathetic to the forces of reaction. General Tropes
- The Alliance: Egypt is a member of the Union of Arab Republics, a confederal union between Egypt and Iraq that extends into economic and military collaboration between the two countries.
- Allohistorical Allusion:
- The Egyptian Revolution still happens in this timeline, albeit with different characters, different motivations and a different trail of events.
- In 1975, Egypt (then part of the United Arab Republic) took over the Suez Canal and sparked a brief war between it and an Italian-led coalition of countries, including Japan. While Italy defeated the UAR militarily, Germany threatened to intervene on the side of the Arabs. This led the United States to mediate a peace deal where the Suez would be turned into an international zone for ten years before being peacefully returned to the Egyptians. This mirrors the 1956 Suez Crisis in our timeline.
- The National Progressive Unionist Party, also known as the Tagammu party
was originally formed in our timeline by Khaled Mohieddin and the leftist faction of the Arab Socialist Union after Anwar Sadat's rise to power. In this timeline, because Mohieddin succeeded Nasser after his death, the Tagammu Party was formed as the successor to the Arab Socialist Union when the United Arab Republic was dissolved.
- Civil War: If the Mukhabarat coups Bastawisy's government, Egypt will fall into a civil war between the Nasserite government and the opposition led by the Muslim Brotherhood.
- Defector from Decadence: During the Egyptian Revolution, part of the National Progressive Unionist Party defects and accuses President El-Saeed of being a communist agent and a traitor to Nasserism.
- The Horseshoe Effect: Although Egypt is an avowedly left-wing anti-imperialist nation, it is a close ally of Nazi Germany. The leadership of both countries seem to have nothing but positive things to say about one another despite the fact they sit on completely different ends of the political spectrum.
- A House Divided: Egypt's ruling Tagammu Party is split between progressive and conservative wings during the Egyptian Revolution, with the latter wanting to pursue greater democracy under a multi-party system and the latter seeking to preserve the one-party Nasserist dictatorship.
- Military Coup: Egypt's government can be couped by the military during the Arab Spring, with their patrons coming from either the United States or Germany.
- People's Republic of Tyranny: The Arab Republic of Egypt is an authoritarian one-party Nasserist state, and depending on the outcome of the Egyptian Revolution, it can descend into outright totalitarianism.
- Police Brutality: After the state of emergency is declared, Egypt's police will unleash a brutal crackdown; arresting, injuring and killing hundreds of innocent civilians.
- Staged Populist Uprising: Unlike in Iraq or Syria, both of whom are ruled by bloody dictators and have rather sluggish economies, Egypt is actually prospering and there seems to be little to no material incentives for people to turn against the regime. Upon closer look it's revealed that the CIA, in collaboration with the Muslim Brotherhood, has waged an extensive underground propaganda campaign to turn Egyptians against El-Saeed's government and bring about the overthrow of the pro-German Nasserist regime.
- Velvet Revolution: The Egyptian Revolution can potentially turn into one, as the military and part of the political establishment concede to the revolutionaries and the country transitions to a liberal democracy peacefully.
El-Saeed's Government
Mohamed Refaat El-Saeed
Role: President, Prime Minister
Party: Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawinote
Ideology: Left-wing Nationalismnote
The 4th President of Egypt and successor to Khaled Mohieddin, El-Saeed is a former communist turned hardline Nasserite. His extreme devotion to secularism and opposition to political reform seems to have alienated much of Egyptian society, and as unrest grows, his own allies have begun to see him as a liability.- Emergency Authority: When protesters begin to rally across Egypt's major cities and to call for greater political liberties, El-Saeed declares a state of emergency and unleashes the wrath of the Egyptian police upon the protesters.
- Hated by All: His popularity reaches an all-time low in the Arab Spring due to his heavy-handed response to the protests, leading to a split within his party and turning the entire country against him.
- Nice Job Fixing It, Villain: His brutal response to anti-government protests only turns more people away the government, causing the protests to gain widespread support and potentially leading to a chain of events that will cause Egypt to democratize.
- Principles Zealot: He is a hardline secularist who is unwilling to make any concessions to the Muslim Brotherhood, who lead the opposition to his regime during the Arab Spring.
- Resigned in Disgrace: During the Egyptian Revolution, his allies threaten him into resigning from his position and he is forced to leave the country shortly after, disgraced from politics and Egyptian society.
- Screw This, I'm Outta Here: After he gets removed from the Presidency by his own allies, he realizes staying in Egypt would be a death sentence and promptly books a flight to France.
- The Unfettered: During the Arab Spring, his sole goal is to try and destroy the Muslim Brotherhood and preserve Nasserism in Egypt, going to extreme lengths to do so.
Amin Iskander
Role: Vice President
Party: Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawinote
Ideology: Left-wing Nationalismnote
Vice President Amin Iskander, the first Copt to hold such a high government position, is diametrically opposed to his superior and his heavy-handed form of governance. Frustrated with the direction of the Tagammu Party, he will resign from his position during the Egyptian Revolution and lead to the downfall of El-Saeed's government.- Breaking the Glass Ceiling: He was the first Coptic Christian to become Vice President when he was appointed in 2002.
- Resign in Protest: In reaction to the violent suppression of the protests by El-Saeed's government, Iskander will resign in protest and become a leading member of the left-wing opposition to the dictatorship.
Egyptian Revolution
Hisham Bastawisy
Role: Minister of Justice (El-Saeed Cabinet), President (Egyptian Revolution)
Party: Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawinote
Ideology: Interim Governmentnote
The Minister of Justice and a silent critic of El-Saeed. When the Egyptian Revolution takes place and Egypt's major cities are swept by anti-government protests, Bastawisy and his like-minded colleagues will force El-Saeed to resign and will take over the country in a last-ditch effort to save it from chaos. Unfortunately, the different factions in the Egyptian military and security services have other plans.- Defector from Decadence: Concerned with El-Saeed's authoritarianism and its potential to spark a civil war, Bastawisy and his allies force El-Saeed to resign and promise to bring a return to normalcy upon taking power.
- Short-Lived Leadership: Not long after ousting El-Saeed, he will be deposed by a coup.
Potential Coup Leaders (Unmarked Spoilers)
Muhammad Hussein Tantawi
Role: Chairman of the Supreme Council (Pro-Revolution Coup)
Party: al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥanote
Ideology: Transitioning Democracynote
Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawi Soliman is a veteran and respected officer in the Egyptian Armed Forces. He has always served Egypt with pride, and that same feeling of patriotism is what led him to overthrowing his former masters and saving his nation from the ills of war and terror. Democracy will soon be dawning upon Egypt, and his sole objective is to make sure it will last.- Allohistorical Allusion: He will form a provisional government to rule over Egypt as it democratizes, mirroring his role in Egypt's transition to democracy in our timeline.
- Cincinnatus: He will give up power after the country successfully transitions into a democracy, considering his duty to be over.
- Defector from Decadence: Disgusted by the government reaction to the demonstrations, Tantawi can rally other generals who are sympathetic to the revolution and overthrow the Nasserist government in a coup.
- Military Coup: After El-Saeed is ousted, Tantawi can rally the pro-revolution faction in the Armed Forces and overthrow the Nasserites and allow the country to transition into democracy.
- Old Soldier: He has served in the Egyptian Armed Forces since the fifties, and fought during the Ramadan War and the Suez Crisis.
- The Purge: His first order of business after taking power is to purge the Egyptian military and intelligence services of known Nasserist sympathizers, deeming them a threat to Egypt's democratic process.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Role: Chairman of the Supreme Council (RNS-Backed Coup), President
Party: al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥanote
Ideology: Military Juntanote
Men are motivated by different ideas. Field Marshal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is no different. A staunch conservative and an opponent of democratization, el-Sisi has taken power with the patronage of Egypt's close friends in Germania. Now, he may restore order to Egypt through whatever means possible.- Allohistorical Allusion: He can still take power just like in our timeline, albeit with support from Nazi Germany and prior to Egypt's democratization.
- Military Coup: After El-Saeed is ousted, el-Sisi can coup the Egyptian government with the backing of the German RNS and establish a military dictatorship.
- Not in This for Your Revolution: el-Sisi can launch a military coup to restore order to the country and put a stop to the revolution, but he's not devoted to Nasserism and his rise to power represents a shift to right-wing secular authoritarianism.
- President for Life: He will entrench his military allies in politics after taking power and break apart the democratic opposition to his government through the use of censorship and state repression, destroying all threats to his rule and rigging election after election in order to remain in the Presidency for the rest of his life.
- Police State: el-Sisi will make heavy use of Egypt's intelligence services upon taking power, arresting hundreds of known revolutionary sympathizers and keeping the population under constant government surveillance. His rise to power is seen as the beginning of the "Arab Winter" in Egypt, as the country has little to no chance of seeing democracy for the foreseeable future.
- Status Quo Is God: Downplayed. el-Sisi is a conservative who wants to stop Egypt from democratizing, but he deems the previous Nasserist establishment to be incompetent and will begin to drift away from it not long after taking power.
- Tyrant Takes the Helm: el-Sisi's coup will mark a violent end to the Egyptian Revolution, as the nation will see a period of renewed authoritarianism and the opposition will be destroyed under military boots.
- Wild Card: While el-Sisi takes power with German patronage, he acts on his own according to Egypt's national interests. This could potentially allow Egypt to adapt to an American-led world order should the Germans lose the Cold War.
Sami Hafez Anan
Role: Chairman of the Supreme Council (CIA-Backed Counter-Coup)
Party: al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥanote
Ideology: Military Juntanote , Controlled Democracynote (Post-Coup Liberalization)
There is a lot to be said about Lieutenant General Sami Hafez Anan. Some would say he is a traitor, and point to his suspicious visits to Washington and sympathies to the Muslim Brotherhood. Others would call him a hero, one that has saved Egypt from oppression and who will bring democracy and peace to the country. But what matters is that he is the one in power, and his plans for the nation will be set in stone, whatever they may be.- Bait-and-Switch Tyrant: While his ideologies would indicate that he is only slightly better at his job than his predecessor, Anan is actually sympathetic to democracy and well-liked by the public. His gradual reforms are a result of concern for Egypt's political stability rather than any love for authoritarianism.
- Internal Reformist: He will loosen restrictions on government censorship as well as political and religious expression after taking power, gradually opening up Egypt's political system.
- Military Coup: If el-Sisi or Nasser coups the Egyptian government, Anan can launch a counter-coup with American support and take power if he succeeds.
- Reasonable Authority Figure: Anan is a known reformist in the Egyptian military who is willing to open up dialogue with pro-democracy groups and work to introduce democracy to Egypt slowly, isolating potential extremists who could otherwise take power in Egypt's turbulent political situation following the revolution.
Khalid Abdel Nasser
Role: President (Mukhabarat-backed Coup)
Party: Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawinote
Ideology: Left-wing Nationalismnote
Khalid Abdel Nasser is the son of the late Gamal Abdel Nasser, and yet his image is far from that of his father. Khalid does not sit at the forefront, his heart does not lie in the podiums in front of the masses, but in the quiet and dark halls of government. The extent of Nasser's influence was not yet known, until now.- The Coup: With support from the Iraqi and Egyptian intelligence services, Nasser can lead a coup against Bastawisy's interim government and put a violent stop to Egypt's turn towards democracy.
- Dragon Ascendant: For years, Khalid has had influence behind the scenes despite never holding any positions of power. He can potentially take control of the country in a coup backed by powerful forces in Egypt's security apparatus to prevent Egypt from abandoning the ideals of his father.
- Like Father, Unlike Son: While his father was extremely popular and seen as an innovative progressive leader in the Arab World, Khalid is seen as the total opposite. He's the face of Egypt's secular, authoritarian establishment that seems to have lost touch with the demands of the people.
- The Purge: He will unleash a massive purge of the Egyptian military and the party upon taking power, publicly listing out the names of the traitors on live television as they are arrested by the Mukhabarat.
The Mukhabarat
Omar Suleiman
Role: Director of the Mukhabaratnote
Major General Omar Suleiman is the Director of the General Intelligence Service, the feared intelligence organization used by the Egyptian government both at home and abroad. While Suleiman's influence and health are dwindling, he can use his connections to organize a coup in collaboration with Khalid Nasser and prevent his nation from falling to outside forces.- The Dreaded: Suleiman and the Mukhabarat are feared by Egyptians for their violent persecution of dissenters, with particularly horrible torture methods being employed against any who fail to avoid the Mukhabarat.
- Evil Old Folks: He heads Egypt's intelligence services and can lead a bloody coup at 76 years of age.
- We Hardly Knew Ye: Regardless of whether or not he and Khalid Nasser coup the government, he will die of health complications shortly after.
