Characters / Kaiserreich America

Character Index | Africa | America (USA) | Asia & Oceania (China) | Europe (Italy | Balkans | Germany | Eastern Europe | Russia)

North America

Dominion of Canada

^{Flag of the Commonwealth of Canada}

Official Name: Dominion of Canada, Commonwealth of Canada (Cut Monarchy Ties), Socialist Commonwealth of Canada (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Liberal Party of Canada

Ideology: Market Liberalism

Following the 1925 British Revolution, the British Royal Family fled to Canada, along thousands of political, military, and even civilian exiles. The arrival of the exiles has completely reshaped Canada, as British elements merged with the Canadian ones. Now, by 1936, the Dominion of Canada leads the remnants of the British Empire and their allies in the Entente for a single goal: reconquer the Home Isles and Reclaim the Birthright.

Canada is a confederal parliamentary monarchy ruled by the King of the United Kingdom (as the office of Governor-General of Canada was abolished in 1926, its last occupier having been the Baron Byng of Vimy). Parliament is made up of the Crown, an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate (many of its newer members being British exiles appointed by the King-Emperor). Each Member of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. General elections must be called by the Prime Minister within five years of the previous election or may be triggered by the government losing a confidence vote in the House. The Senate is comprised of British or Canadian hereditary or appointed members. The influence the British Exiles have taken since 1925, officially by the arrival of the King and many ex-British Lords in the Upper House, unofficially for the shadowy but effective influence of the Privy Council, the Club members or exiled politicians, all driven by the perspective of a reconquest of the Home Isles and the rest of the Empire.

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: Winston Churchill is the author of the In-Universe Alternate History novel Their Finest Hour, which is a Double-Blind What-If of the entire setting, asking "What if the Entente won World War One?". In real life, Winston Churchill actually wrote a Double-Blind What-If story, entitled "If Lee Had Not Won the Battle of Gettysburg".
• Arch-Enemy: Even though Canada can be involved into conflicts with other world powers, such as Germany and America, the majority of Canadian foreign policy events and focuses are centered on the war with the Union of Britain and restoring the United Kingdom.
• Big Good: Arguably this for the Entente, being the faction's leader, having the industry and position to fight the Syndicalists, having focuses in IV that allow it to support the other colonies in various ways, and able to take events and focuses that allow it to protect other nations from aggressors.
• Government in Exile: The British Royal Family and part of the government now reside in Canada, after having been overthrown and exiled from the Home Isles by the syndicalist Union of Britain. The King and his exiles might also flee Canada and take up shop in a select few other Entente countries.
• Historical Badass Upgrade: In real life, Canada did fight in both World Wars, including winning a number of impressive victories and providing the Allies with a large amount of resources and equipment. Here, they are the leaders of the Entente and the British Empire, home of the Royal Family and the British Government-in-Exile, have a fairly good industrial base, can found and lead a number of organizations to greatly benefit the other colonies (in IV), are usually the ones to spearhead the effort to retake Britain^note Mainly because they are the only ones with easy access to Britain, simply having to sail across the Atlantic, while India, at best, has to sail through the Indian ocean, up the Suez Canal (if they can access it. Though if Canada has seized it, they could use the Panama Canal), through the Mediterranean (taking it past the Union of Britain's Italian and French allies), and around Spain, plus it has to deal with both the Princely States and the Bharatiya Commune, Australasia has even farther to go, and the Caribbean doesn't have the resources or manpower, can intervene in and play a major role in the Second American Civil War, including taking over New England, Alaska, and the Panama Canal, which is encouraged by several events and focuses in IV.
• Historical Downgrade: Winston Churchill is a minor government minister who advised King Edward, will write Their Finest Hour, and can be sent on a diplomatic mission to Entente-aligned Russia. He is nowhere near as important as he is in real life.
• Historical Villain Upgrade: Potentially. IV gives them focuses and events allowing them to force conscription and English language training on Quebec^note There were full blown crises in Quebec during both World Wars due to conscription. The one during the First World War was worse, due to pre-existing tension before the implementation of conscription due to all training being in English and Francophone recruits being treated poorly in Anglophone due to the majority of them being unable to communicate with their (usually Anglophone) officers and fellow soldiers, and the Francophone recruits being discriminated against due to being Catholic, while most of the Anglophone soldiers were Protestant. When conscription came around, there were mass protests and riots in Quebec, being able to create a branch of the RCMP to act as Secret Police^note Though it is usually a downplayed version, with far less power than most Secret Police have, agree to temporarily occupy New England to protect it from the CSA then break their promise by annexing it^note As in, making it part of Canada and refusing to return it. The way the protection works in IV is that you do annex it, then give it back as part of an event, annex Alaska and the Panama Canal while the US is too busy with the Civil War to protect them, purge politicians who aren't loyal to Edward VIII, then abolish Parliament altogether and become an absolute monarchy. Granted, they can also go the opposite way on all of these, ending tensions between Anglophone and Francophone Canada by becoming officially bilingual, creating their own constitution, refusing to annex any part of the US, keeping their promise to simply protect New England, creating organizations to support and invest in the other colonies, refusing to have secret police, either staying out of the Civil War or helping whichever side you think is the best, allowing the Philippines to join the Entente to protect them if Japan has begun conquering Asia, making friends all over the place, and investing in Canadian industry and technology.
• Invaded States of America: New England will often ask them if they'd be willing to send troops to protect them, since they remain loyal to the federal government during the Second American Civil War, but are cut off from its forces by the CSA. Accepting allows Canada to annex them, and they can choose to keep their word and return New England once the war is over, or claim it as part of Canada. They can also take Alaska and the Panama Canal.
• Irony: Canada's first two medium tank models^note The Ram and the Grizzly are stated to be designed by Montreal Locomotive Works, and the third^note The Valiant is designed by Vickers. Both of those are available as design companies, and they do give bonuses to tank models researched while they are active. Thing is, they give bonuses to light tank models, not medium, meaning it's actually a bad idea to have the companies that canonically designed those tanks be the ones to design them. For added irony, Leyland, one of the medium tank design companies, canonically designed two of Canada's heavy tanks^note The other is designed by Vickers, because of course it is, and their modern tank.
• The Leader: Of the Entente and the remnants of the British Empire. IV includes several focuses allowing them to create organizations allowing them to support the other colonies financially, create organizations allowing them to share their research, and a number to prepare for and start the reclamation of Britain, as well as reforming the United Kingdom and offering support to it during its reconstruction.
• Let No Crisis Go to Waste: A good chunk of Canada's events and focuses allow them to take advantage of other peoples misfortune. America has a second civil war? Take over New England, Alaska, and the Panama Canal! A newly independent Iceland is having economic troubles due to a lack of fuel? Offer them a deal specifically designed so that they will eventually have to back out of it, and that they will offer you basing rights to make up for it! The German Government-in-Exile wants to join the Entente? Take advantage of their desperation by forcing them to give you and the French some of your old colonies back!
• The Resenter: Besides their hatred of the Internationale, Canada and the rest of the Entente refuse to trade with South Africa at the start due to the Boers leaving the Empire, unless they choose to reach out for help following Black Monday or the Dominionist Party comes to power, dislike Ireland (unless the Irish decide to align with them) for similar reasons (especially because they took over Ulster), and they do their best to minimise trade with Germany, still being understandably bitter about losing the Weltkrieg. That last one ends up working in their favour, as the nations of the Entente end up being almost completely unaffected by Black Monday^note The West Indies Federation is an exception, as a combination of its small economy and already being in an economic crisis results in the knock-on effects of Black Monday — primarily to the USA — further crippling the Federation's economy.
• Secret Police: An event in IV allows Canada to form a fairly weak, limited version, who are under the control of The Mounties.

George V

Role: King^note Country Leader

---

• King on His Deathbed: King George V is dying and is preparing to have his son Edward succeed him.
• Once Done, Never Forgotten: George's reign is hopelessly marred by two major defeats. First, he led the United Kingdom to defeat in the Weltkrieg, and second, he led the United Kingdom to defeat and exile against the syndicalist Union of Britain. After these defeats, for the remaining 11 years of his reign, he lacks the political capital to even seriously begin preparations to reclaim the birthright, and the British government-in-exile considers his reign a time of sorrow.
• Plot-Triggering Death: To a Dominion of Canada campaign, since the whole National Focus tree is locked until his death.
• We Hardly Knew Ye: King George dies on 20 January 1936, 20 days after the game begins, making way for his son Edward to make his mark on history.

Edward, Prince of Wales

Role: King^note Country Leader (George V succession)

Party: Military Government (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Prince Edward, eldest child of King George V, is the expected successor to ailing king. Edward VIII swiftly succeeds his father to the throne and serves as the pivotal figure for the British government in exile. Where his father was broken by his two great defeats, Edward has instead become vengeful, driven by a desire to make a triumphant return to the British Isles and see the Syndicalists (and, ultimately, the German Empire) pay for what they've done.Though his natural sympathies lie with his fellow Exiles, he has to walk a fine line between his high-minded ambitions and the concerns of the Dominions' native political establishments, which often have pressing concerns of their own closer to home.

---

• Abdicate the Throne: If he lacks sufficient popularity and/or influence, a scandal can force Edward to abdicate and give the throne to a brother.
• Ambition Is Evil: Edward is explicitly described as an ambitious man, and at least from a syndicalist or otherwise anti-monarchist perspective, his ambition to reclaim the birthright is decidedly evil. Even from a more pro-monarchy perspective, his ambition to reclaim the birthright is pretty much all-consuming and he mostly sees Canada and her people as little more than a tool in his quest to reclaim the throne his father was deposed from. However, this ambition can benefit Canada and the Empire greatly, with massive growth in terms of the economy, industry, and scientific research, the discovery of many important natural resources, the stabilization of the Canadian government, and the creation of a strong Canadian military.
• Emperor Scientist: Under Edward's direction, Canada can establish an Imperial Scientific and Academic Council to pool the scientific knowledge of the various Imperial dominions and encourage greater cooperation among their researchers.
• The Good King: Can be this, allowing Canada to create its own constitution, removing the divide between Anglophone and Francophone Canada by making Canada officially bilingual and avoiding conscription, creating several organizations to help the entire empire (including an Imperial research institute and an aeronautics organization, an organization that allows Canada to invest in the other colonies), and invest in Canada's infrastructure and industry^note Granted, that's just as much to give him to means to liberate Britain as it is to benefit Canada. Of course, he can also go the other way, purging disloyal politicians and dissolving Parliament.
• Historical Villain Downgrade: He can't become a Nazi sympathizer in a setting where Nazi Germany doesn't exist; instead, he's only a bitter aristocrat who seeks to reclaim the privileges lost by his father during a popular revolution.
• In Spite of a Nail: He can be forced to abdicate and let a brother take the throne, like what happened to Edward in 1936 in real life.
• Revenge: Edward is described as a vengeful man who wants nothing more than to avenge his father and reclaim the Isles.
• Rightful King Returns: His life's ambition is to lead Canada and the Commonwealth to eventually defeat the Union of Britain to reclaim the birthright lost to him when his father was driven out of the United Kingdom.

Prince Albert, Duke of York

^{Albert as King Albert I}

Role: King^note Country Leader (Edward VIII abdication), Governor-General^note Country Leader (Australasia appointment)

Party: Military Government (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

---

• One-Steve Limit: If his older brother Edward VIII is forced to abdicate and Prince Albert succeeds him, he'll take the regnal name Albert I, instead of George VI like in real life, presumably because his youngest brother George is also a potential successor (with the regnal name George VI).
• Reasonable Authority Figure: Unlike Edward, Albert is viewed as a more suitable figure by the King and some more traditional exiles.

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

^{Henry as a General}

^{Henry as King Henry IX}

Role: King^note Country Leader (Edward VIII abdication), Governor-General^note Country Leader (Australasia appointment)

Party: Military Government (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (Henry William Frederick Albert) is a General in the Canadian Military and potential Governor General of Australasia or King of Britain/Canada.

---

• Offered the Crown: Due to his military skills, Prince Henry can be crowned King over his older brother Albert if their eldest brother Edward VIII abdicates.

Prince George, Duke of Kent

^{George as King George VI}

Role: King^note Country Leader (Edward VIII abdication), Governor-General^note Country Leader (Australasia appointment)

Party: Military Government (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy (Quebec Crisis, Parliament suspended)

Prince George, Duke of Kent is a potential Governor General of Australasia or King of Britain/Canada.

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: If crowned king, he receives the name of George VI (in OTL, it was Albert's regnal name).
• Offered the Crown: Since he is young and has a son, Prince George can be given the crown if his eldest brother Edward VIII abdicates, even though he is King George V's youngest son and has two other older brothers.

Mackenzie King

Role: Prime Minister^note Second in Command

Party: Liberal Party of Canada

Ideology: Market Liberalism

Sir William Lyon Mackenzie King is the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He succeeded Sir Arthur Meighen as Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada in 1925 and was then defeated by Sir R.B. Bennett in 1930 before narrowly emerging victorious in the 1935 election forming (just barely) a majority government.

---

• In Spite of a Nail: King's political career in this timeline is nearly identical to what happened in real life: he succeeded Arthur Meighen as Prime Minister in 1926 and lost the 1930 elections before returning to power in 1935.
• The Rival: A political rival to Edward VIII and the Exiles, as he resents the fact that their agenda sees Canada more as a springboard to reclaim Britain than as a country in its own right.

Mexico

Official Name: United States of Mexico

Ruling Party: Partido Nacional Agrarista^note National Agrarian Party

Ideology: Radical Socialism

Contemporaneously with the Weltkrieg in Europe, Mexico over the 1910s was embroiled in the bloody Mexican Revolution. By the start of the 1920s, the revolution was over but the violence was not; the initial victor of the revolution, the conservative Venustiano Carranza, failed to eliminate his erstwhile allies and cement his own power, and was ousted by his minister Álvaro Obregón.Obregón managed to defuse further tensions in the new Mexican government by working with his rivals rather than opposing them, most notably the radical revolutionaries Emiliano Zapata and Francisco "Pancho" Villa, who were hunted down in the Carranza presidency but managed to survive it. Zapata, ever a charismatic idealist, pushed for more radical land reforms in the government and ran for presidency in 1932, which he won in a landslide victory. By 1936, Zapata is still serving his five-year Presidency, but there is some uncertainty for who will succeed him, as much pushback exists against Zapata's distinctively leftist policies.

---

• Chummy Commies: As per tradition in a Syndicalist nation the Syndicalists and Radical Socialists are largely benevolent, the Totalists on the other hand...
• Eagle Squadron: The Sandinist revolutionaries were accompanied by Mexican volunteers as they marched into Nicaragua.
• From Bad to Worse: As awful as Garza's Mexico is, Urquiza's Mexico after the Sinarquistas coup him is decidedly worse.
• Military Coup: There are potentially three versions of this trope that can occur. Calles and his Totalists can seize power after Zapata's assassination in a coup, or Garza and his military junta can seize power in their own coup after Zapata's death, and finally, if Garza works with them, the Synarchists can betray and overthrow him with goldshirts.
• Multiple Endings: Despite starting out as a Syndicalist nation, Mexico is one few nations that can go down almost every ideology path:
  • Mexico can continue on the path to a democratic worker's utopia, either if Zapata survives the assassination attempt or if Pancho Villa and Vincente Toledano form a coalition to keep revolutionary democracy alive. From there on, Mexico can continue onto any of the three democratic socialist branches (Syndicalism, Radical Socialism, or Social Democracy). Or...
  • ...Plutarco Calles and his Totalist faction gets elected instead, establishing an iron-fisted Totalist regime. If Zapata dies in the assassination attempt, Calles can also claim power by force.
  • Alternatively, after Zapata's death, Pablo Garza can take power and establish a right-wing reactionary Paternal Autocrat military junta, rolling back syndicalism. Garza can also cede power back to an anti-socialist Authoritarian Democrat government, where one party wins elections every time and the junta still calls the shots.
  • If Garza allies with the far-right Sinarquistas, they will coup Garza and take control of the entire country, turning it into a mad National Populist state.
• Point of Divergence: The most distinctive one in Kaiserreich's Mexico is Zapata's survival thanks to General Jesús Guajardo defecting to Zapata's side because Zapata's OTL letter asking him to defect is never intercepted.
• Puppet King: It is possible for an invading monarchist state to appoint a puppet monarchy in Mexico. The two candidates the player can choose are:
  • Don Fernando de Tultengo, a descendant of Montezuma (Mexico gets renamed to the Mexican Kingdom).
  • Doña María Josepha Sophia de Habsburgo-Iturbide, a descendant of both Augustine Iturbide and Maximilian, who also happens to be Austrian so the Habsburgs get a claim on Mexico as well (Mexico gets renamed to the Mexican Empire).
• Revolving Door Revolution: It's possible for Mexico to have two consecutive revolutions in-game: the first being when Garza takes advantage of Zapata's assassination to seize power with a right-wing junta, and the second being when the National Populist Sinarquistas betray Garza, and destroy his junta before putting themselves in power.
• Tyrant Takes the Helm: Mexico starts off under the benevolent rule of Zapata, but upon his assassination, people like Garza, Calles or Urquiza can take over and establish their oppressive rule over Mexico.

Emiliano Zapata Salazar

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Partido Nacional Agrarista^note National Agrarian Party

Ideology: Radical Socialism

A legendary figure and hero of the Mexican Revolution, Emiliano Zapata was elected as the Mexican President in 1932 on the platform of continuation of the people's revolution and recovering Mexico's economy. Since then, Zapata managed to carry out significant land reforms, support indigenous Mexicans, and align himself with international social movements, such as supporting the revolution in Nicaragua and trading with the Internationale.Although Zapata appointed prominent Socialist figures, such as Pancho Villa and Vicente Lombardo Toledano, to leading government positions and secured the dominance of leftists on the political scene, there is still a strong opposition to his policies, presented from both left and right, and one successful assassination attempt on the President can easily shake the balance between various political powers in Mexico...

---

• In Spite of a Nail: Zapata can die the same way he did OTL, by being assassinated, only later than OTL.
• Plot-Triggering Death: If Zapata is assassinated, his opposition groups, be it either Calles's Totalists or right-wing militarists, get a unique opportunity to take over the Mexican government.
• We Hardly Knew Ye: The assassination attempt against Zapata happens early in the game, and if successful leads to this.

Plutarco Calles

^{Calles as a General}

Role: General, Country Leader (Zapata succession or 1937 Election)

Party: Partido Nacional Revolucionario^note National Revolutionary Party

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Cult of Personality: The final national focuses in Calles' tree allows Calles to establish a cult of personality, praising him as a great reformer that created a dictatorship beloved by the people.
• Dirty Communists: Calles and the Totalists are authoritarian socialists that can establish a dictatorship and crack down on strikes and other dissenters if brought to power.
• Glorious Leader: If Calles is brought to power, he will establish a centralized totalist dictatorship, ushering in an even more authoritarian version of the real life Maximato.
• Historical Villain Upgrade: While the real life Calles was authoritarian and responsible for the repression of Catholics under his presidency, Kaiserreich makes him a full-fledged totalist dictator willing to kill his own president to seize power.
• Illegal Religion: Calles is very distrustful of religion. As such, his focuses will pass what is called "Calles Laws", which establishes and enforces state atheism.
• Permanent Elected Official: Under Calles, election events will still fire, but Calles gets the majority every time and is the only option the player can choose, so he gets re-elected every time.
• The Political Officer: Calles' focus tree establishes political officers to keep the army in check.
• The Purge: Calles can purge reactionaries through one of his focuses.
• The Starscream: One of Mexico's paths allows the government to investigate into Zapata's assassins. One of the two outcomes reveals that Calles is behind the assassination, wanting to strengthen his own power and seize the government by killing Zapata (the other outcome says that the assassination is caused by a clique of right-wing generals).
• State Sec: To keep watch on the military, Calles creates the paramilitary Dirección Federal de Seguridad (Federal Security Directorate, in real life the intelligence agency of Mexico after WW2) which answers directly to Calles.
• Video Game Cruelty Punishment: Going down Calles' route and his Catholic persecution will trigger the Cristero War, where Catholic rebels fight against the government. Like the military junta's Campesinos War, the war drains the country's powers and can possibly end with the government overthrown.

Lázaro Cárdenas del Río

Role: Country Leader (Calles succession)

Party: Partido Nacional Revolucionario^note National Revolutionary Party, Partido Laborista Mexicano^note Mexican Laborist Party (Denounced Maximato)

Ideology: Totalism, Social Democracy (Denounced Maximato)

---

• In Spite of a Nail: One of the few historical heads of state who can still become leader of his country in Kaiserreich, albeit under different circumstances than in real life.
• Reasonable Authority Figure: Most of his focus tree is trying to reach compromises with both the Catholic Church and various radicals in the country, while maintaining a moderate Mexican government.
• Token Good Teammate: Cárdenas becomes a prominent member of Calles' Totalist faction who can become a Social Democrat if he is in power.

Pablo González Garza

Role: Country Leader (Zapata assassinated, Junta formed)

Party: Military Junta

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Cincinnatus: A rather unsympathetic example. He can cede power to a supposedly democratic government but it is heavily implied to be oligarchical.
• The Generalissimo: A classic example of this trope. As dictator he can either establish a society built on capitalist principles, effectively turning Mexico into a Banana Republic, or create a reactionary society built on traditionalist principles.
• Horrible Judge of Character: González has a chance to ally with the National Populist Sinarquistas, and he's shortly repaid when their Goldshirts surround his palace and depose him.
• The Horse Shoe Effect: To Calles. Despite being on opposite ends of the political spectrum they are both power hungry generals who can seize power in a coup and establish themselves as the military dictator of Mexico.
• The Purge: As a traditionalist, González will actively crack down on leftists and ban unions.
• Video Game Cruelty Punishment: The military junta holding onto power will trigger the Campesinos War from the socialist remnants, draining the country's powers and having the possibility of eventually overthrowing the government.

José Antonio Urquiza

Role: Country Leader (Cristero victory or Junta formed, Accept the Sinarquista offer)

Party: Partido Fuerza Popular^note Popular Force Party

Ideology: National Populism

---

• The Fundamentalist: The Synarchists are explicitly Catholic fundamentalists. They will promote Catholism as a state religion.
• The Gulag: One of the focuses in the Synarchists' tree involves establishing re-education work camps for criminals and liberals.
• Meaningful Rename: After reconquering Texas, New Mexico, and California, the Synarchists rename them to Tejas, Nuevo Mexico, and Alta California respectively, to let the world know the might of Mexico.
• Mexico Called; They Want Texas Back: One of the major focuses for the Synarchists is "Reconquista". This opens a path for the country to reclaim Texas and other "lost" territories (such as Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada and even California) from any American government, distracted in the Civil War.
• Monument of Humiliation and Defeat: If Texas is retaken during Reconquista, the Alamo will be torn down for being a symbol of Mexican defeat in the Mexican-American War and their loss of Texas.
• A Nazi by Any Other Name: The Synarchists are politically far-right, anti-syndicalist, ultra-religious, ultra-militant, revanchist (against America), and Hispanic supremacist. They check all the boxes for a Fascist/Nazi analogue.
• Politically Incorrect Villain: The Synarchists that Urquiza leads are Hispanic supremacists, and look down on non-Hispanic Mexicans. One of their focuses, "Hispanidad", involves passing laws like miscegenation laws to enforce Hispanic supremacy.
• The Purge: Being far-right anti-syndicalists, one of the Synarchists' national focuses is hunting down all of the Syndicalists that once ruled the country, whom they blame for all the problems in the country.
• State Sec: Urquiza can integrate the Revolutionary Mexicanist Action (Acción Revolucionaria Mexicanista), also known as the Goldshirts, into the army, where they serve to root out dissidence in the Mexican society.

Yucatan

Official Name: Republic of Yucatan

Ruling Party: Partido de la Revolución Democrática^note Party of the Democratic Revolution

Ideology: Social Democracy

Yucatan can revolt and gain independence from Mexico if its government implements anti-native policies.

---

• Permanent Elected Official: Every possible leaders of Yucatan can remain in power so long as its party continues to win the successive elections.

Central America

Guatemala

Official Name: Republic of Guatemala

Ruling Party: Partido Liberal - Militar^note Liberal Party - Military

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Guatemala's political chaos started in 1898, when Manuel Estrada Cabrera came into power. Cabrera's Liberal party had a deep control over the government, with all elections up until 1920 being rigged towards the Liberal party under Cabrera. This period also vastly increased the influence of the United Fruit Company, an American owned business focused on increasing the amount of exports towards America for cheaper prices.
This changed in 1920, when the Liberal party faced extreme opposition following earthquakes in 1918 that destroyed the industry Cabrera had setup. His lack of response resulted in the Conservatives within the country forming the Unionist Party. The Unionist Party prepared the “Three-Fold Act”, which was the founding policy of the party, and they distributed these in Guatemala City on the New Year of 1920. This led to an extreme rise of the popularity of the Unionists, with protests occurring outside the capital on March 11th, 1920, with the crowd being fired upon and the populace left more angered than before. The final straw was in 1920, when Adrián Vidaurre, President of the National Assembly, declared Cabrera unfit to rule and deposed him, though still facing fierce resistance from Cabrera's supporters. They thereby made Carlos Herrera President of Guatemala.
Herrara balanced a very careful political tightrope due to him having Liberal aligned views while representing the Unionist Party. This tightrope snapped in 1921, when he critically upset the Liberal party by refusing to offer concessions the UFC, resulting in a military coup led by José María Orellana. He represented the needs and demands of the Liberal Party, offering concessions to the UFC the following year.
The political situation has completely stagnated since then, with Orellana ruling over his regime while balancing the needs of both the left and right.

---

• Banana Republic: The United Fruit Company is responsible for the 1921 military coup turning Guatemala into a military dictatorship and holds considerable influence over the Guatemalan economy.
• Civil War: Soon after the second American Civil War begins, the Partido Acción Revolucionaria will start a civil war in Guatemala as well to remove Orellana or Ubico from power.
• Disaster Democracy: If the civil war is won by the opposition, it will install a new democratic regime.
• MegaCorp: The United Fruit Company has held a tight grip on Guatemalan politics and economy ever since Cabrera's dictatorship in 1898. While Guatemala has seen significant economic development as a result, it causes the United Fruit Company to hold Guatemala's fate in the balance.
• Regime Change: The military coup that toppled President Carlos Herrera and installed José María Orellana as dictator of Guatemala was instigated by the United Fruit Company after Herrera refused to offer them the concessions they wanted.

José María Orellana Pinto

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader

Party: Partido Liberal - Militar^note Liberal Party - Military

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• The Generalissimo: Orellana is the military dictator of Gatemala.
• Military Coup: In 1921, when President Carlos Herrera critically upset the Liberal Party by refusing to offer concessions the UFC, he was overthrown in a military coup led by José María Orellana.
• President for Life: By 1936, Orellana has been President for 15 years. If he doesn't resign under the pressure of the letter of the 311, he can declare himself El Presidente Eterno, no longer bound by terms.

Jorge Ubico Castañeda

Role: General, Vice-President^note Second-in-Command (Orellana cabinet), President^note Country Leader (Military coup)

Party: Fuerzas Armadas de Guatemala^note Armed Forces of Guatemala

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Dragon Ascendant: After a successful military coup, Ubico takes the place that used to belong to Orellana.
• Dragon with an Agenda: If Orellana decides to resign and restore democracy, Ubico will organize a coup to seize power for himself.
• The Generalissimo: Ubico can become one in his own right if his military coup succeeds.
• Military Coup:
  • If Orellana resigns and prepares for elections, Ubico will lead a clique of the military to seize control.
  • If the UFC is nationalized by the PAR government, Ubico can lead a counter-revolution.
• The Dragon: Ubico is Orellana's vice-president, part of his military junta.

El Salvador

Official Name: State of El Salvador, Salvadorian Commune (Socialist)

Party: Partido Nacional Pro-Patria^note National Party of the Fatherland

Ideology: National Populism

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez's coup as Vice-President against the Laborista Party and Arturo Araujo in December of 1931 brought immediate strife to the nation, with a true restoration of democracy being ended right as it began. With his policy of suppressing all opposition, militarisation of the state, and banning all other parties from elections besides his Pro-Patria Party, Martínez managed consolidate his grip on El Salvador. While this was effective at first, this all changed on May 16th, 1932.
The 1932 Peasant Massacre began due to Maximiliano enacting policies against the natives in the west inspired by Agustín Farabundo Martí and Feliciano Ama. The rebellion managed to last until January 22nd, 1933 with 70,000 dead and rebel leaders Feliciano Ama and Agustín Farabundo Martí retreating to Mexico.
Partisans are no longer an uncommon sight within El Salvador, with Maximiliano's regime being hated by a significant portion of the people. Not only that but Maximiliano's way of handling the rebellion has caused disloyal elements of the military to emerge, and Maximiliano's regime being held on a tight string the American's are holding up.

---

• Banana Republic: The military govenrment of El Salvador is propped up by the Americans.
• La Résistance: The Syndicalist Partisans form an active resistance to the government.

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Partido Nacional Pro-Patria^note National Party of the Fatherland

Ideology: National Populism

---

• 0% Approval Rating: The brutality of the Hernández regime made it hated by both the people and elements of the military.
• The Coup: Maximiliano Hernández Martínez arrived to power by making a coup against the democratic government in 1931.
• The Generalissimo: Hernández is the military dictator of the Central American nation of El Salvador.

Osmin Aguirre y Salinas

Role: President^note Country Leader (Military coup)

Party: Fuerza Armada de El Salvador^note Armed Forces of El Salvador

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Military Coup: Salinas will overthrow Hernández if he doesn't keep Salinas safe after sending the army to crush the Second Western Rebellion.

Agustín Farabundo Martí Rodríguez

Role: President^note Country Leader (Syndicalist Revolution or Snap elections)

Party: Fuerzas Populares de Liberación^note Popular Forces of Liberation

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• The Exile: Martí fled to Mexico after the 1932 Peasant Massacre.
• Rebel Leader: Martí is the leader of the Popular Forces of Liberation, the main resistance force to Hernández's dictatorship.

Salvador Castaneda Castro

Role: President^note Country Leader (Post-Revolution coup)

Party: Partido Revolucionario de Unificación Democrática^note Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Military Coup: If not confronted by the government, the military will make a coup before the snap elections and put Castaneda in power.
• The Purge: After his coup, Castaneda will purge the Syndicalists from any position of power.

Honduras

Official Name: Republic of Honduras, Socialist Republic of Honduras (Callejas)

Ruling Party: Partido Anticorrupción^note Anti-Corruption Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Having come under the domination of various US fruit companies that turned the nation into an economic enclave, Honduras came to a breaking point in 1933. A peasant uprising stormed the capital and lead to the suicide of the sitting president, but even after this catastrophe, the government established in the aftermath of the revolution became dominated once more by US interests and a clique of intelligentsia. Now what remains of Honduras' apparatus of state is a mess, purged of dissenters and relying on military force to keep the railways to the ports open.

---

• The Purge: Since the peasant revolt in 1933, a revolutionary council was established to administer the nation and purge US influence, including anyone with American sympathies in the administration. The 'Great Purge' has left Honduras' military somewhat headless and creates a paranoid atmosphere in the political world.

Nicaragua

^{Flag of Nicaragua}

Official Name: Revolutionary Republic of Nicaragua, Nicaragua (Democratic/Authoritarian)

Ruling Party: Frente de Soberanía Nacional^note National Sovereignty Front

Ideology: Syndicalism

The American military occupied Nicaragua in 1925 after the collapse of former president Emiliano Vargas' coup, reinstating of pro-American Adolfo Díaz as president, effectively making Nicaragua an American puppet state. Liberals across the country rose in armed rebellion to topple the American puppet regime, and eventually succeeded when the fall of the capital forced Adolfo Díaz to flee to America. The new liberal regime however, brought very little change and continued to collaborate with the Americans under former Liberal revolutionary José María Moncada. The creation of a militarised national police force known as the National Guard under Anastasio Somoza García with the help of United States Marines further cemented the continuation of the status quo.
Dissatisfied with the direction of the new government, several revolutionaries such as Francisco Sequeira Moreno and Augusto César Sandino turned to armed revolt. This new consolidated force slowly began to retreat into the southern jungles while gaining expertise in guerrilla warfare. Further bolstered by foreign support from nations such as Mexico, the Commune of France and the Union of Britain, Mexican revolutionary Zapata personally accompanied Sandino back to Nicaragua along with a small force of Mexican volunteers.
His position improved, Sandino's domestic support began to grow massively, and his revolutionaries began to fight their way north. Once flagging morale boosted by Sandino's newfound success, Syndicalist protests erupted in the capital, and the approach of the revolutionary army led to the Marines' retreat to the country's east. The Americans judged the situation of the underdeveloped National Guard hopeless and the cost of the Marines continuing to hold the capital prohibitively high. Soon after, the Liberals and their National Guard allies escaped to Honduras, leaving the capital open to Sandino's final push.

---

• Occupiers Out of Our Country: The Nicaraguan Revolution was fought to expell US occupation forces from the country and remove their puppet regime.

Augusto César Sandino

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader

Party: Frente de Soberanía Nacional^note National Sovereignty Front

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• The Exile: Sandino spent one year in exile in Mexico, where he managed to obtain Zapata's support for his revolution.
• Rebel Leader: Sandino's chief feat of arms is his successful guerilla campaign against US marines and the Adolfo Diaz puppet government.

Francisco Sequeira Moreno

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Partido Campesino de Nicaragua

Ideology: Radical Socialism

---

• Number Two: To Sandino during their time as guerilla fighters and after the Revolution to rally support among the peasants of Nicaragua.

Juan Bautista Sacasa

Role: President^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Partido de la Revolución Liberal^note Party of the Liberal Revolution

Ideology: Social Liberalism

---

• The Exile: Sacasa fled to Mexico after Nicaragua was put once again under US occupation in 1925.

Panama

Official Name: Republic of Panama, Socialist Republic of Panama (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Nacional Revolucionario - Conservador^note National Republican Party - Conservative

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

In November of 1903, the Republic of Panama declared independence from Colombia. Less than a month later, the US and Panama signed a treaty allowing the US rights to build a canal. The treaty has been a constant source of discord in Panama, with many politicians advising a renegotiation or seizing it outright. After several uneventful presidencies, Florencio Harmodio Arosemena won the 1928 elections. Following accusations of government corruption and inability to handle the economic depression, the public rose up, led by Acción Comunal, a nationalist movement, and appointed Harmodio Arias Madrid and his National Revolutionary Party, formed from Acción Comunal itself, as leader of the Provisional Government. One year later, they held elections and the Madrid-led NRP won easily. Immediately, Madrid's government began to stimulate the economy with public work programs, improving economic conditions and creating jobs. However, despite the economic stimulation, the Panamanian economy is still struggling. The next elections are scheduled for April of 1936, four years after the first election, with economic recovery on the minds of both the parties and voters.

---

Manuel Pino

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader (National Police coup)

Party: Coalición Patriótica Nacional^note National Patriotic Coalition

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Cincinnatus: Pino can organize free elections after instituting a new constitution.
• The Coup: If the PNR government attempts to purge the national police or if the government mishandles the issue of trade unions, the national police will make a coup and install Manuel Pino as president.

Caribbean

Cuba

Official Name: Republic of Cuba

Ruling Party: Partido Unionista^note Unionist Party

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

• The Puppet Cuts His Strings: If Cuba is an American puppet at the start of the Second American Civil War, it will be given the opportunity to break from American control.
• Puppet State: If Cuba becomes "America's Lapdog", it will officially be independent but American influence will completely permeate Cuban society and economy.

Clemente Vázquez Bello

Role: President^note Country Leader (1936 election or American intervention)

Party: Partido Progresista^note Progressive Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Assassination Attempt: Vázquez will be killed in an assassination attempt in the American Lapdog path and replaced by Mendieta.
• Regime Change: After the American-backed coup, the USA may demand further concessions and may decide to directly intervene if denied, leading to Diaz being removed and Vázquez installed in his place by US Marines.

Ramón Grau San Martín

Role: President^note Country Leader (March on Havana)

Party: Partido Revolucionario Cubano – Auténtico^note Cuban Revolutionary Party - Athentic

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• The Coup: If Havana falls into chaos, the Auténticos may seize power by having their paramilitaries march on the capital.
• Resigned in Disgrace: Grau can be forced to resign amidst a corruption scandal rocking the country and replaced by Carlos Prío Socarrás.

Alberto Lamar Schweyer

Role: President^note Country Leader (Greenshirts coup)

Party: Legión Revolucionaria Nacional^note National Revolutionary Legion

Ideology: National Populism

---

• The Coup: If Grau and the Auténticos sought the support of the Greenshirts, they will make a coup when the former attempts to control the latter.

Antonio Guiteras Holmes

Role: President^note Country Leader (Socialist Revolution)

Party: Trabajadores^note Workers

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• Dirty Communists: Guiteras and the Syndicalists can become this if they refuse to call a congress, turning Cuba into a Syndicalist dictatorship.

Julio Mella McPartland

Role: President^note Country Leader (Congress election, Mella coup or Mella ousts Blas after power-sharing), Second in Command (Blas wins congress election, Blas accepts power-sharing)

Party: Comunistas^note Communists

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Assassination Attempt: Mella will be victim of an assassination attempt and may succomb to it.
• The Coup: If he returned from exile, Mella will attempt to lead a coup against the Syndicalist government.
  • If Blas accepted sharing power with Mella and the latter accumulated enough support, he will take power.
• The Exile: Mella is in exile at game start and may be allowed to return to Cuba if the Syndicalists take over.
• Kangaroo Court: Mella will make use of them after taking power.
• The Purge: After taking power, Mella will purge every other socialists.

Tina Modotti

Role: Secretary^note Second in Command (Mella cabinet), President^note Country Leader (Mella assassinated)

Party: Comunistas^note Communists

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Breaking the Glass Ceiling: If she comes to power, Modotti would become the first female ruler of Cuba.
• Meet the New Boss: Her rule is not different from her predecessor Mella, having the exact same focus tree as him.

Lázaro Peña González

Role: President^note Country Leader (Mella did not return, Congress election)

Party: Comunistas^note Communists, Totalistas^note Totalists (Embrace European Totalism)

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Dirty Communist: Peña's leadership is consistently authoritarian, always subverting Cuba's democracy if he comes to power.

Sandalio Junco Camellón

Role: President^note Country Leader (Trouble in the CNOC, Mella/Peña resigns)

Party: Comunistas^note Communists, Totalistas^note Totalists (Embrace European Totalism)

Ideology: Totalism

---

• The Coup: Junco can force Mella/Peña to resign and hand pwer over to himself.

Juan Blas Hernández

Role: President^note Country Leader (Congress election or Blas' counter-coup)

Party: Revolucionarios^note Revolutionaries, Partido de Liberación Nacional^note Party of National Liberation (Blas' counter-coup)

Ideology: Radical Socialism

---

• Chummy Commies: Blas is the most democratic of the Socialist leaders of Cuba, making a coup only to protect democracy from Totalists and even allowing non-socialists to run in his Revolutionary Democracy.
• The Coup: Blas will make a counter-coup to defeat Mella's own coup.

Martin Diaz Tamayo

Role: President^note Country Leader (National Protection Act or Military coup or America-backed coup)

Party: Junta, Partido Progresista^note Progressive Party (Constitution suspended)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy (National Protection Act), Paternal Autocracy (Military/America-backed coup)

---

• Emergency Authority: Regardless of the way Diaz gets in power, he will suspend the constitution to arangue himself dictatorial powers.
  • Diaz may be brought to power by being granted emergency powers by the National Protection Act during the Havana Strike.
• Military Coup: Diaz can be most often brought to power by a military coup capable of happening in different circumstances.
  • If Cuba falls into chaos due to the Havana Strike.
  • If the Presidential Guard detains the president.
• Regime Change: If Syndicalists take over Cuba, the USA has the option to back a military coup by Diaz to turn Cuba into their puppet state.

Haiti

Official Name: Republic of Haiti

Party: Parti du Salut^note Salvation Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Haiti was occupied by the United States starting in 1919, and while the occupation officially ended in 1933, American restrictions are still severe. Following President Calixte's coup of former President Louis Borno in 1933, the Haitian-American relationship has become even more strained. With the establishment puppet Borno no longer around to do the bidding of American banks, they have struggled to get President Calixte to follow the agreements made by previous Haitian governments regarding Haiti's finances. As with anything in Haiti, race plays a major role. Calixte is loved by the poorer black population, including its most proud institution, the army. The mixed-race political elite detests Calixte and wishes to regain control of the political apparatus. With the Haitian general elections on the horizon in April, Calixte will struggle to secure the support of the National Assembly to earn re-election, and struggle harder to secure support in the Council of State for ratification. Opposition leader Elie Lescot, who is supported by a broad coalition including the nationalist Sténio Vincent and liberal Jean Price-Mars, has made it clear that if Calixte loses legitimately and refuses to hand over power, he will resort to violence to protect democracy in Haiti.

---

• Arch-Enemy: The Dominican Republic has long viewed Haiti as its oppressor and enemy, and relations between them are quite tense. In Haiti, there is a political movement intimately connected to the events that will transpire in the Haitian-Dominican border. If the wrong people come to power in both nations and the United States is too preoccupied by civil war to diplomatically intervene, war may break out on Hispaniola.

Dominican Republic

Official Name: Dominican Republic, Dominican Socialist Republic (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Rojo^note Red Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

From 1916 to 1924, the Dominican Republic was occupied by the United States. While the occupation was less severe than in neighbouring Haiti, the country was nonetheless transformed. The old political establishment was turned on its head and the centre-left completely destroyed; much power was granted by the occupiers to power-hungry military leaders, especially the ambitious Rafael Trujillo. A new democratic constitution was drafted in 1924 and the nation regained its independence soon after, with full financial control being returned by the Americans a few years later. Initially, the new nation prospered and its institutions were rebuilt; however, this would not last for long. President Horacio Vásquez attempted to change the constitution for his own gain, and while he was narrowly forced out by Vice President Federico Velázquez, the nation's democracy was forever weakened. After several lacklustre presidencies from the ranks of the Red party, the conservative populist Virgilio Martínez Reyna defeated the pro-business Rafael Estrella Ureña in a campaign which would shatter the Red party and further hindered the recovery of national stability. While President Martínez is popular with the lower classes, his steady centralisation of power and willingness to change the constitution, eerily similar to the actions of Vásquez himself, have alienated the wealthy. With the next election rapidly approaching, perhaps desperation could precipitate upheaval.

---

• Arch-Enemy: The Dominican Republic has long viewed Haiti as its oppressor and enemy, and anti-Haitian tensions have only gotten worse as a large number of Haitians live and work in the poorly administered border between the two countries. If the wrong people come to power in both nations and the United States is too preoccupied by civil war to diplomatically intervene, war may break out on Hispaniola.

Virgilio Martínez Reyna

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Partido Rojo^note Red Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• Landslide Election: In 1935, Martínez called for a new meeting of the constitutional assembly and secured a sizable majority. If the Republicanos attempt a coup against him but fail, Martínez will commandsan insurmountable lead over the only other candidate with any substantial following, Manuel Troncoso Concha.

Rafael Estrella Ureña

Role: President^note Country Leader (Elections, coup)

Party: Partido Republicano^note Republican Party

Ideology: Market Liberalism

---

• Puppet King: Even if Estrella successfully manages to coup Martínez and become President, the true base of power of the new regime lies with Rafael Trujillo. Estrella might attempt to resist Trujillo and ensure the continuation of his presidency, or give in and be replaced by an even more compliant puppet.

Rafael Trujillo Molina

^{Trujillo as a Field Marshal}

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader (Concha succession)

Party: Partido Dominicano^note Dominican Party

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• The Man Behind the Man: Trujillo is the true base of power behind President Estrella if he gets elected. If Estrella doesn't manage to secure his own power, Trujillo will replace him with the puppet Manuel Troncoso Concha, before assuming the Presidency himself.
• Military Coup: Trujillo can arrange a mutually beneficial coup with Rafael Estrella Ureña to overthrow President Martínez. When the coup happens, his men will refuse to leave their barracks, with Trujillo claiming to be 'neutral' in regards to the attempted coup.

West Indies Federation

^{Flag of the West Indies Union}

^{Flag of the West Indies Federation (Independent)/Caribbean State}

Official Name: West Indies Federation, West Indies Union (Socialist), Caribbean State (National Populist)

Ruling Party: Unity Party

Ideology: Market Liberalism

The West Indies Federation is a country consisting of the former British West Indies, French departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique, and French Guiana. Its capital is Kingston, Jamaica. The 1921 peace treaty between Britain and Germany left the British still in control of its colonies, but the general strike and resulting revolution meant that the colonies of the Empire were effectively cut adrift. Some, particularly in the Pacific, were occupied by Germany, but the West Indies were left a troubling matter. With growing Syndicalist revolutionaries declaring loyalty to the Communard governments of France and Britain, the Canadians proved incapable of directly controlling the colonies. This resulted in the West Indies Autonomy Act, signed on June 23rd, 1925. This gave the British West Indies official autonomy within the empire equal to the likes of Australasia.

---

• Naval Blockade: The initial strength and weakness of the Federation. Most of their possessions are islands and can be easily blockaded and invaded—provided the attacker can get through their massive navy first.
• The Remnant: The West Indies are made up of the remaining colonial possessions of the old British Empire and the French Republic in the Caribbean and South America. The French were unable to maintain control of their possessions after the Syndicalist revolutions forced the Republic into exile, and the colonies fell under British Entente dominion.

South America

Colombia

Official Name: Republic of Colombia, Colombian Socialist Republic (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Liberal^note Liberal Party

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

Gustavo Rojas Pinilla

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader (1938 election, military coup)

Party: Movimiento de Acción Nacional^note National Action Movement

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Military Coup: The Colombian military can make a coup in the midst of the 1938 elections and establish a mlitary dictatorship.
• Red Scare: The junta launches a crusade against nearby countries to 'save the common folk from the lies and the atheism' of syndicalism.

Venezuela

^{Flag of the United States of Venezuela (National Populist)}

Official Name: United States of Venezuela, Socialist Republic of Venezuela (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Acción Democrática^note Democratic Action

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Acción Democrática^note Democratic Action

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

• The Bus Came Back: Betancourt cannot be re-elected in 1939 but will be the AD's candidate for the 1949 and 1959 elections.

Eleazar López Contreras

^{General López Contreras}

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Temporary military junta established)

Party: Gobierno Provisorio^note Provisional Government

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Cincinnatus: Contreras' junta will step down after the 1939 election.
• The Coup: If the Betancourt government is incapable of restoring calm during the unrest a provisional junta led by Contreras will take power and hold it until the 1939 election.

Diógenes Escalante

Role: President^note Country Leader (1939/1944/1954 election)

Party: Acción Democrática^note Democratic Action

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

• The Bus Came Back: Escalante is the AD's candidate for the 1939 and 1944 elections but not the 1949 election, only to become candidate again in 1954.

Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Anti-Syndicalist American-backed coup)

Party: Junta Nacional Venezuelana^note Venezuelan National Junta

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Regime Change: The USA can support a military coup led by Pérez Jiménez if a syndicalist government is elected.

Ecuador

Official Name: Republic of Ecuador, People's Republic of Ecuador (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano^note Ecuadorian Conservative Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

José María Velasco Ibarra

Role: President^note Country Leader (Starting leader or 1951 election)

Party: Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano^note Ecuadorian Conservative Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• The Bus Came Back: He is the starting leader of Ecuador and is not candidate for re-election in 1936, but is for the 1951 election.

Isidro Ramon Antonio Ayora Cueva

Role: President^note Country Leader (1936/1951 election)

Party: Partido Liberal Radical Ecuadoriano^note Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party

Ideology: Market Liberalism

---

• The Bus Came Back: If Ayora loses the 1936 election or any subsequent election, he will be the PLRE's candidate again for the 1951 election.
• Permanent Elected Official: If Ayora wins the 1936 election, he will remain the PLRE's candidate for every subsequent election unless he loses, and even then he will be their candidate for the 1951 election.

Alberto Enríquez Gallo

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader (Military coup)

Party: Junta Militar^note Military Junta

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Cincinnatus: Gallo can choose to step down and organize new elections after his coup and the adoption of a new constitution.
• Military Coup: Gallo can organize a coup and form a military junta to institute a new constitution. He may choose to maintain or dissolve his junta afterwards.

Bolivia

Official Name: Republic of Bolivia, Federated Syndicates of Bolivia (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Junta de Salvacion Nacional^note Junta of National Salvation

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Let No Crisis Go to Waste: If Paraguay goes to war with Argentina, Bolivia may use the occasion to demand, and if refused invade, the Chaco region held by Paraguay.

Germán Busch Becerra

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader

Party: Junta de Salvacion Nacional^note Junta of National Salvation

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Pet the Dog: Becerra rules Bolivia as a dictator but he will abolish slavery.

Bernardino Bilbao Rioja

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Radical coup)

Party: Partido Nacional Boliviano^note Bolivian National Party

Ideology: National Populism

---

• The Coup: Rioja can make a coup, disbanding the Bolivian parliament and centralizing power around himself.
• The Purge: Rioja will enact a crackdown on socialists after taking power.

Brazil

^{Flag of the Empire of Brazil}

Official Name: United States of Brazil, Empire of Brazil (National Populist), Union of Brazil (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Republicano^note Republican Party: The new political order that arose from the war between the states is one almost entirely moulded by the Republican party and its members, who led the opposition to the federal government on that occasion. While not technically a party (since it's actually more akin to a federation of parties that exist on a state level) the high ranking members of the Republicans have nation-wide notoriety and wield equally immense political power. They have held this power in Brazil for a long time, due to the powerful men that support them. Figures anywhere from industrialists to plantation owners ensure that the voting tends more often than not to be in their favour. While things may yet change, these political elites are anything if not adaptable, and will always be considering ways to regain or maintain their power

Ideology: Social Conservatism

The United States of Brazil remained neutral during the Weltkrieg, but the shockwaves from the war's aftermath still hit the country hard. The British Revolution led to a collapse of trade, which led to Brazil's economic collapse, then to political instability, culminating in a civil war in 1926-27 between the federal government and its extremely decentralized states. The Interstate War, also known as the Brazilian Civil War, was won by the rebels, and in its aftermath the old oligarchic republic was replaced with a new constitution. Brazil was radically transformed, and begins to recover economically. The Brazilian politics also saw a shift from regional divisions to ideological ones. As the 1936 election approaches, tensions begin to heat up again as radical ideologies like Syndicalism or Integralism grows more aggressive every day.

---

• Balkanize Me: If Brazil is defeated by another nation, it can get divided into seven countries^{Full list}Goyaz, Grão Pará, Vera Cruz, Pernambuco, Bahia, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, each of which also has their own focus tree (though they are unplayable without console commands).
• Civil War:
  • Brazil had a civil war in 1927, commonly know as the Interstate War in the backstory, triggered by a political crisis that arose when the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais both launched each their own candidates for the 1926 elections, leading to Rio Grande do Sul along Northern and Eastern states rebeling at the leadership of João Pessoa, after the victory of the rebels Fernando de Melo resigned in favor of Borges de Medeiros who briefly ruled and transitioned to the current constitution.
  • A Second Brazilian Civil War can happen for multiple reasons:
    • In the Integralist Brazil route, General Cândido Rondon starts a Republican revolt against the Integralists in Goyaz, which can get further support from São Paulo and Piratini.
    • In the Syndicalist Brazil route, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul reject the syndicalist government that just took power, and rebel against them.
    • In Vargas' New State route, the Constitutionalist São Paulo revolts against Vargas' dictatorship.^note An uprising that actually occured in our world
• The Coup: A coup-countercoup will result in the Syndicalists taking power in the end. Specifically, a crisis can be triggered when the Democratic Left President João Mangabeira meets an envoy from the Syndicalist government in Chile after forming a Left Front. The military threatens to coup the government if they dare to communicate with Chile. If they do coup the government, a countercoup happens where the left-wing section of the military removes them again, creating the Union of Brazil.
• Evil Reactionary: The Brazilian Integralists of the AIB (Ação Integralista Brasileira, "Brazilian Integralist Action") are strongly influenced by the Portuguese Integralists. They are ultra reactionaries and nationalists that preach against Republicanism and democracy, and desire a restoration of the Brazilian Empire.
• Historical Villain Downgrade:
  • Since fascism doesn't exist and Portuguese Integralism is much stronger in Kaiserreich (due to the counterrevolution in Portugal), the Brazilian Integralist Action is a Monarchist Portuguese Integralist party instead of a Fascist Brazilian Integralist Party.
  • It should be noted that the real life founder of Brazilian Integralism opposed racism and anti-Semitism, to the point that he nearly left the party due to the extreme anti-Semitism of the second most influential member of the movement(The aforemetioned Barroso), which caused two major rifts in the party.
• Multiple Endings: Brazil can end up with almost every ideology in the game, and then some. A unified Brazil can end with a functional democracy giving it access to the four democratic routes, or it can have a syndicalist coup and end up with any of the three syndicalist ideologies, or it can end with Getúlio Vargas' Paternal Autocrat New State, or it can end with a National Populist Integralist monarchy. All of these are assuming that Brazil remains united; Brazil can end up balkanized into many independent countries, unable to rise up again.
• Resurgent Empire: After restoring the Empire of Brazil, which was toppled in 1889, Brazil (which had been going through a period of unstable development) can go on to rebuilt itself and become a new hegemonic power in South America.
• Police State: The totalists have the DOPS, the integralists have the green shirts and during Vargas's regime the normal police is quite active against dissidents.
• Red Scare: Syndicalists are persecuted during the Integralist and the New State goverments.
• Shout-Out:
  • Winning Integralist Brazil's Civil War will produce this quote, a reference to Emperor Palpatine's speech in Revenge of the Sith:
  "The attempt on the Empire has left its scars, but our resolve has never been stronger!"
  • Vargas' final takeover of dictatorial powers is described in a focus description as "assumed direct control".
• Evil Colonialist: After Mittelafrika collapses, the Empire of Brazil gets a few focuses to provide aid to some of the post-Mittelafrikan countries, while developing Brazil's own influence in Africa.

Otávio Mangabeira

Role: President^note Country Leader

Ruling Party: Partido Republicano^note Republican Party: The new political order that arose from the war between the states is one almost entirely moulded by the Republican party and its members, who led the opposition to the federal government on that occasion. While not technically a party (since it's actually more akin to a federation of parties that exist on a state level) the high ranking members of the Republicans have nation-wide notoriety and wield equally immense political power. They have held this power in Brazil for a long time, due to the powerful men that support them. Figures anywhere from industrialists to plantation owners ensure that the voting tends more often than not to be in their favour. While things may yet change, these political elites are anything if not adaptable, and will always be considering ways to regain or maintain their power

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• All for Nothing: Despite Mangabeira having had a successful Presidency, the economy implodes during the end of his term due to the Black Monday and extremist elements start getting more traction.
• Universally Beloved Leader: The recovery during Mangabeira's administration made him become a very popular president, with his popularity even helping his brother's political career.

Getúlio Vargas

Role: President^note Country Leader (1936 election), Country Leader (Rio Grande do Sul, Reactionary uprising)

Party: Partido Republicano^note Republican Party: The new political order that arose from the war between the states is one almost entirely moulded by the Republican party and its members, who led the opposition to the federal government on that occasion. While not technically a party (since it's actually more akin to a federation of parties that exist on a state level) the high ranking members of the Republicans have nation-wide notoriety and wield equally immense political power. They have held this power in Brazil for a long time, due to the powerful men that support them. Figures anywhere from industrialists to plantation owners ensure that the voting tends more often than not to be in their favour. While things may yet change, these political elites are anything if not adaptable, and will always be considering ways to regain or maintain their power, Partido Popular Brasileiro^note Brazilian People's Party: While traditionally decentralised for decades, and even with major armour opposition against any kind of overt centralisation, a new kind of state is often purported to defend and maintain Brazil's sovereignty in the chaotic situation the world, where crisis and recession looms at every corner. Strong and bold leadership, with one man to be father of Brazil's poor and downtrodden; and to act with a firm hand against those who would do Brazil harm. Such a man has arisen now in Getúlio Vargas, and a new kind of state is about to make its mark in Brazil. (Estado Novo), Partido Conservador^note Conservative Party (Rio Grande do Sul)

Ideology: Social Conservatism, Paternal Autocracy (Estado Novo or Rio Grande do Sul)

Getúlio Vargas is the presidential candidate for the Republican Party. A shrewd and experienced politician, Vargas has some strong views on the future of Brazil. Vargas believes that Brazil needs to enter the modern era through an extensive campaign of unimpeded modernization, as he always puts Brazil's best intentions to the forefront.

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: While late by six years, Vargas is one of the few historical figures in Kaiserreich whose rule is exactly identical to his real one, including suppressing an anti-Vargas revolt in São Paulo.
• Assassin Outclassin': Immediately after expanding his presidential powers, some parts of the military launches a coup and tries to arrest him, but Vargas is now so powerful that the coup attempt is immediately repelled, though some opponents claim that Vargas fabricated the coup attempt.
• The Bus Came Back: Vargas can become President even after losing the election in 1936 by being installed as President after an anti-syndicalist revolt aganist the newly-formed syndicalist goverment.
• Crowd Pleaser: Vargas is well know nation wide for his energetic speeches and political campaigns that he has been doing since he was João Pessoa's Vice-President, calling for reforms, modernization and looking out for the little guy, and if the Estado Novo is declared he can create the radio show "Voz do Brasil" where he can properly and directly communicated with the people.
• Democracy Is Bad: Like Huey Long, Vargas believes that Brazil's democracy is a weakness for his country, so he drafts up a new authoritarian constitution.
• Permanent Elected Official: A "voting event" still fires under Vargas, in which Vargas receives a crushing majority of votes and the opposition has no hope of winning, their votes being conveniently destroyed by Vargas. The player's only options are to elect Vargas, or comment that the ballots look weird, then elect Vargas. After this event, no more election events fire.
• President for Life: Upon assuming Presidency for the Republican Party, Vargas will very slowly consolidate power to the President (and we do mean slow, it takes one to two in-game years for Vargas to go through all of the events where he consolidates power). If the player does not stop him, he'll eventually give dictatorial powers to the President, establishing the New State (Estado Novo) and making himself the true dictator of Brazil. After becoming dictator, every election will result in a crushing victory for Vargas thanks to his election rigging.
• Totalitarian Utilitarian: Vargas intends to use his dictatorial powers for the good of the people; specifically, after ushering in his New State, he cracks down on radicals on both sides, starts massively centralizing the country and crush state powers that crippled the federal government, improve infrastructure, education and worker legislation, all the while arresting all the dissenters. Like Huey Long, Vargas sees becoming a dictator as a necessary step of improving the lives of the majority in his nation.
• Tyrant Takes the Helm: After his election, Vargas will work to turn Brazil into a dictatorship, in the process switching his ideology from Social Conservative to Paternal Autocrat.
• Well-Intentioned Extremist: Brazil in Kaiserreich is a very dysfunctional country at 1936, with rampant radicalism, provincialism, and lack of overall development. Vargas wants to completely overhaul this situation by becoming a dictator and centralizing all state powers to the President.

Júlio Marcondes Salgado

Role: Country Leader (São Paulo, Constitutionalist revolt or Rondon's revolt)

Party: Partido Democratico Paulista^note Paulist Democratic Party

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Cincinnatus: If he successfully overthrows Vargas, he will hand over power to Júlio Prestes.

João Mangabeira

Role: President^note Country Leader (1936 election), Country Leader (4th CGT-FAB Congress election)

Party: Esquerda Democrática^note Democratic Left: The labour movement in Brazil is small and incredibly fractured among regional and ideological lines. In an attempt to improve the livelihood of Brazilians, several moderate leaders have spent the past few years attempting to organise a broad, united left front to run for the elections and show the will of the proletariat in a democratic fashion. While the aptly named Democratic Left did have presidential candidates before 1936, those were of middling importance and appeal, and could not even gather support among major unions. It would take a major shake-up in the political landscape of the labour movement as a whole to allow the broad front to gain traction, but if such a feat could be achieved, it could be a credible threat to the predatory crony capitalists who currently hold power in Brazil., Confederação Geral do Trabalho - Federação Anarquista Brasileira^note General Confederation of Labour - Brazilian Anarchist Federation: The radical left in Brazil is extremely divided over minor nuances in ideology, and few can actually agree on what a Brazil ran by the workers would look like. The Brazilian Anarchist Federation and the Labour Confederation have in many ways attempted to remedy this by reconciling extremely disparate views under the banner of gaining better working conditions right now, rather than seeking utopia later. This simple goal grants it far larger adhesion than rival associations, and it enjoys relatively good membership in large cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Said large membership allows strikes to be powerful bargaining tools, and the frequent violent clashes have made the FAB and other socialist organisations associated with disorder and street battles in the public eye. (Socialist Brazil)

Ideology: Social Democracy, Radical Socialism (Socialist Brazil)

---

• The Bus Came Back: Mangabeira can return to the Presidency during the Fourth Congress if Brazil has gone with the Radical Socialist route.
• Internal Reformist: Mangabeira plans to run in the elections leading a broad leftist front in order to ensure welfare, supporting worker cooperatives, improving the industry and strengthening the Brazilian labour movement.
• Nice Job Breaking It, Hero: Mangabeira's goverment enters a political crisis after he welcomes Chilean syndicalist Carlos Labarca who was visiting the Catete palace. Many military officers and the press then denounce it as absurd or borderline treason and issue statements demanding his arrest. Not arresting him can lead to a military coup.

Gustavo Dodt Barroso

Role: President^note Country Leader (1936 election)

Party: Ação Integralista Brasileira^note Brazilian Integralist Action: Integralism is a relatively young ideology in Brazil, imported mostly by Portuguese immigrants after the War of 27. A highly reactionary and nationalistic ideology, its Brazilian form is quite peculiar, for it preaches that the character of the nation is both Catholic and racially diverse, and as such faith and unity are Brazil's strength. It abhors democracy on principle, seeing it as weak, and the Republic as the reason for Brazil's fall from grace. While not openly monarchical at first, few doubt this aspect of their beliefs, considering the constant anti-republican rhetoric spouted by propaganda newspapers. The AIB, by far the most important integralist movement, is actually quite homogenous in nature, with especially large portions of its electorate being of colour, and even some 'revolutionary republicans' among its ranks. Most of its core leadership, influenced by Europe's political events, feel that a restoration of the Empire is the only way to restore Brazil's glory.

Ideology: National Populism

Gustavo Dodt Barroso is the leader and presidential candidate of the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB), and a highly influential political author. Barroso is strongly nationalist and anti-Syndicalist, and his loud anti-Semitism had also garnered controversy around him.

---

• Cincinnatus: A completely abnormal example: after Barroso becomes President, he rewrites some laws to legally restore the Empire, and soon relinquishes all Presidential powers to Emperor Pedro III so Pedro can rule as an all-powerful monarch for the Integralist Organic Empire. One event mentions that the period of Barroso's rule is nicknamed "His Majesty's Regency" by some people in Brazil.
• Conspiracy Theorist: He believes in the factuality of the The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and that Brazilian syndicalists are all French spies plotting to establish a puppet republic in Brazil.
• Open Secret: Everybody in Brazil can see that Barroso's AIB is a monarchist party, but they're officially just a far-right party with no monarchist leanings, since monarchist parties are banned in Brazil.
• Politically Incorrect Villain: Barroso is an anti-Semite, who in one of the events openly supports arsonists that attacked a synagogue in Brazil.
• President for Life: After Barroso is democratically elected President of Brazil, he'll proceed to shut down the democratic and republican system. However, instead of preparing power for himself, he is instead working to prepare for the restoration of the Empire of Brazil and the coronation of Emperor Pedro III.
• Wicked Cultured: Barroso is one of Brazil's most famous intellectuals, a poet, a connoisseur of Brazilian folklore and a successful author since he was 23 years old.

Pedro III

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader (Monarchy restored)

Ideology: National Populism

Prince Pedro Henrique of the house of Braganza is the great-grandson of Pedro II, the last emperor of Brazil, and a claimant to the abolished throne of Brazil. Born and raised up in exile, Pedro returned to Brazil following the end of the Brazilian Civil War. Pedro is convinced that a monarchy is needed by the people, and began a political effort for an eventual restoration. Though he is strongly supported by the AIB, he does not quite approve of some of the more radical elements of the AIB.

---

• Awesome Moment of Crowning: After coming to power, Pedro III is crowned the Emperor of Brazil in a long ceremony at the Candelária Cathedral in Rio de Janeiro.
• The Emperor: Following his coronation, Prince Pedro Henrique becomes Pedro III, the Emperor of the restored Empire of Brazil.
• Overly Long Name: Pedro's full name, as written in his bio, is Pedro de Alcântara Henrique Astolfo Filipe Maria Gastão Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança.
• Rightful King Returns: With the AIB in power, Pedro's restoration is merely a matter of time.

Cândido Rondon

Role: General, Country Leader (Brazilian Republican Army, Rondon's revolt)

Party: Partido Republicano Positivista^note Positivist Republican Party, Partido Liberal^note Liberal Party (Revolt victory)

Ideology: Social Liberalism

---

• Action Politician: Rondon is the political and military leader of the revolt, being available as a general.
• Cincinnatus: If Rondon defeats the Integralists, a special election will be held a month afterwards to choose a new president.
• Egocentric Team Naming: The revolt is named after him due to being the face of the rebellion against the Integralists.

Eurico Gaspar Dutra

Role: President^note Country Leader (Anti-Left coup)

Party: Partido Parlamentarista Federal^note Federal Parliamentarist Party: While the concept of the Military taking control of Brazil may seem unrealistic to the average Brazilian, they have always been the primary power brokers since the fall of the empire. To keep its power, a transitional military government would have to be on the prowl for dissenters, while keeping a facade of democratic representation to gain legitimacy, especially after the immense chaos that would be necessary for such a state of affairs to come to be.

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• All for Nothing: Dutra coups Mangabeira (a social democrat) in order to eliminate a "syndicalist threat" but subsequently gets overthrown by actual syndicalists.
• Irony: Dutra in real life was racist and known for refusing to promote black army officers. One of the possible leaders after he is deposed is Minervino de Oliveira, a black man.
• Military Coup: After the goverment's refuses the army's demands, the military will coup João Mangabeira and install Dutra as President.
• Short-Lived Leadership: Dutra's goverment is one of the shortest in Brazilian history, lasting only a couple of hours.

Francisco Prestes Maia

Role: President^note Country Leader (1940 election)

Party: Partido Liberal Democrático^note Liberal Democratic Party: The most radical sections of the Liberal Party of Brazil are far less relevant in the current day and age, thanks to the already insignificant role of the Liberal party as a whole. Their socially and economically liberal viewpoints put them at odds with most of the common folk of Brazil, who are more focused on immediate solutions and issues than lofty ideals of equality. However, these men will not give up, and the time for Brazil to be a liberal democracy may yet come, where a man's worth is determined by his skill and talent, not station or birth.

Ideology: Market Liberalism

---

• Defector from Decadence: Prestes Maia along with the other Liberal Democrats think that the Liberal Party has no idea on what Liberalism is and that their only policy is opposing the Republicans. Due to their disagreements, the Liberal Democrats will break away into their own party and start running Presidential candidates in 1940.

Isidoro Dias Lopes

Role: Country Leader (Syndicalist counter-coup)

Party: Partido Sindicalista Brasileiro^note Brazilian Syndicalist Party: Brazil's cultural and intellectual elites have long held highly francophile views and tastes, and the Revolution after the war certainly brought syndicalism to the forefront of most academic circles in Universities, bars and any other meeting places for these people. In time, press coverage and new literature help spread Syndicalism to several unions in Rio and other cities. Most of these orthodox syndicalists are either high ranking union figures or upper class intellectuals who seek to combat the extreme social inequality plaguing Brazil. The ideology's popularity is restricted, a consequence of its leadership's lack of political clout outside of labour circles. As of the late '30s they are a frequent target from far rightists who see them as foreign agents attempting to subvert the nation to become an atheist nation.

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• Cincinnatus: Lopes makes sure that his goverment is only temporary and will step down as soon as the Union representatives and delegates meet to select a ruler
• Red Baron: Lopes is known as the Marshall of the Revolution due to his role during the Paulista Revolt of 1924.
• Military Coup: Not long after a military coup installs Dutra as president of Brazil, leftist military men and workers' militia with the help of civillians will cause a counter-coup installing a syndicalist goverment in Brazil.

Edgard Leurenroth

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (1st Congress election)

Party: Confederação Geral do Trabalho - Federação Anarquista Brasileira^note General Confederation of Labour - Brazilian Anarchist Federation: The radical left in Brazil is extremely divided over minor nuances in ideology, and few can actually agree on what a Brazil ran by the workers would look like. The Brazilian Anarchist Federation and the Labour Confederation have in many ways attempted to remedy this by reconciling extremely disparate views under the banner of gaining better working conditions right now, rather than seeking utopia later. This simple goal grants it far larger adhesion than rival associations, and it enjoys relatively good membership in large cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Said large membership allows strikes to be powerful bargaining tools, and the frequent violent clashes have made the FAB and other socialist organisations associated with disorder and street battles in the public eye.

Ideology: Radical Socialism

---

• Chummy Commies: Radical socialist Brazil plans to educate the masses, promote women participation in the workplace, fight hunger and promote national unity.

Minervino de Oliveira

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (1st Congress Election)

Party: Partido Sindicalista Brasileiro^note Brazilian Syndicalist Party: Brazil's cultural and intellectual elites have long held highly francophile views and tastes, and the Revolution after the war certainly brought syndicalism to the forefront of most academic circles in Universities, bars and any other meeting places for these people. In time, press coverage and new literature help spread Syndicalism to several unions in Rio and other cities. Most of these orthodox syndicalists are either high ranking union figures or upper class intellectuals who seek to combat the extreme social inequality plaguing Brazil. The ideology's popularity is restricted, a consequence of its leadership's lack of political clout outside of labour circles. As of the late '30s they are a frequent target from far rightists who see them as foreign agents attempting to subvert the nation to become an atheist nation.

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• Chummy Commies: Syndicalist Brazil expands healthcare, promotes national unity and equality along with heavy investments on education to create a new generation of Intellectuals.
• Our Presidents Are Different: Oliveira is President Minority, as the game emphasizes his status as Brazil's first black President. ^NoteIn reality, Nilo Peçanha, the seventh President of Brazil also likely had African ancestry, but his ethnicity is rather unclear. While he was often described as being a mulatto by the press, he himself denied having black origins, and supposedly had his presidential photographs touched up to lighten his skin.

Abílio de Nequete

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (1st Congress election)

Party: Movimento Maximalista Nacional^note National Maximalist Movement: Maximalism as a political doctrine in Brazil dates back to the first few meetings of socialists in the country, meetings that were held in Porto Alegre decades before the ED was born. Rejecting lofty ideas of peaceful transition, the movement has explicitly stated their goal of purging Brazil of its slavery-ridden capitalistic past and industrialising it into a better tomorrow, to ensure socialism can exist for future generations of Brazilians.

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: His foucus tree makes references to the Brazilian Military Regime.
  • The first focuses in the Totalist tree are named AI-1 through 5; these are a reference to the five Ato Institucional (Institutional Acts) passed by the military dictatorship to start political repression.
  • One of the final foucuses is named "Love it or Leave it", a phrase commonly used in propaganda for the military regime.
• Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Nequete can become the first Lebanese-Brazilian and Spiritist Brazilian leader.
• Cult of Personality: Totalist Brazil promotes Undying Loyalty for their leaders.
• Defector from Decadence: Nequete left anarchism due to their militant atheism.
• Plot Hole: During his foucus tree he creates the Departament of Political and Social Order, even though this organization already exists since 1924, before the Brazilian point of divergence.
• Suspiciously Specific Denial: The final focus in Brazil's Totalist focus tree, Clear Succession, states that the Union of Brazil needs a proper protocol for choosing Chairman successors, which is absolutely not just a bunch of military generals appointing their favorite candidate.

Uruguay

Official Name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay, Uruguayan Social Republic (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Partido Colorado^note Colorado Party

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

Luis Alberto de Herrera

Role: President^note Country Leader (1938/1950/1954 presidential election)

Party: Partido Colorado^note Colorado Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• The Bus Came Back: Herrera is the Colorado Party's candidate for the 1938 elections and replaced by Echegoyen for the 1942 and 1946 elections only to come back as the candidate for the 1950 and 1954 elections.

Paraguay

Official Name: Republic of Paraguay, Socialist Republic of Paraguay (Franco)

Ruling Party: Partido Nacional Liberal Estigarribista^note Estigarribist National Liberal Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Eagle Squadron: Paraguay may send a group of volunteers, the Chaco Brigade, to support Huey Long's American Union State if it breaks away from the USA.
• Let No Crisis Go to Waste: In the event of a Argentinian-Patagonian War, Paraguay may seize the occasion to recover territorial claims it lost to Argentina long ago. However Bolivia might do the same to take Chaco from Paraguay.
• Military Coup: Left-leaning generals led by Rafael Franco did a coup against the National Liberal government in 1934 but were ousted by Estigarribia's counter-coup, who took the opportinity to make himself President of the restored National Liberal government.

José Félix Estigarribia

Role: Field Marshal, President^note Country Leader

Party: Partido Nacional Liberal Estigarribista^note Estigarribist National Liberal Party, Partido Nacional Liberal Ortodoxo^note Orthodox National Liberal Party (1956 election, lost any prior election)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Market Liberalism (1956 election, lost any prior election)

---

• Action Politician: Estigarribia is President and available as a field marshal.
• The Bus Came Back: After losing any previous election, Estigarribia will come back as the PNL's candidate for the 1956 election.
• The Generalissimo: Estigarribia is a military leader who came to power after leading a counter-coup and keeping power for himself. If he wins the first in-game election he will reform the presidency to acquire unchecked powers.
• Permanent Elected Official: As long as Estigarribia never loses an election, his party will continuously re-nominate him with no term limits due to the large amount of power he holds over the country.
• WarHero: Estigarribia is famed for his service during the Chaco War against Bolivia.

Higinio Morínigo Martínez

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Military revolt, Morínigo wins)

Party: Liga De Difesa Indipendente^note Independent Defense League

Ideology: National Populism

---

• Action Politician: Morínigo is a general and remains available as a military leader even after taking power.
• Military Coup: If the military revolts against cuts to its budget, it can bring Morínigo in power.

Rafael Franco

^{Franco as a Field Marshal}

Role: Field Marshal (Military revolt, Franco wins) President^note Country Leader (Military revolt, Franco wins)

Party: Partido Abrilista Paraguayo^note Paraguayan Aprilist Party

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Action Politician: If he successfully takes power, Franco will be President and available as a field marshal.
• The Exile: After being ousted by Estigarribia, Franco took refuge in Chile.
• Military Coup: He already attempted a coup in 1934, being ousted by a counter-coup, but can launch a successful second attempt if the government cuts the military budget.
• Short-Lived Leadership: Franco's first presidency was a short one due to Estigarribia's counter-coup.

Argentina

Official Name: Argentine Republic

Ruling Party: Liga Patriótica^note Patriotic League

Ideology: National Populism

The Argentine Republic, experiencing a devastating syndicalist rebellion in the post-war, is by 1936 in the midst of a far-right coup launched in Christmas 1935. British post-war exploitation of Argentinian investments led to mass worker discontent, which culminated in the 1920-22 Patagonian Rebellion that saw the secession of the Patagonian Worker's Front. This in turn drove up support for the Argentinian far-right, who would launch the 1935 Christmas Coup against a conservative government they saw as ineffectual at opposing syndicalism.

---

• In Medias Res: Argentina starts 1936 in the middle of a military coup. Carlés has control over the capital region, but little control anywhere else (represented as a massive demilitarized zone covering all of Argentina besides Buenos Aires). The first thing the player needs to do is to finish the coup.
• Interservice Rivalry: The Army and the Navy support different policies and compete for government funding. The rivalry manifests as a national spirit, granting penalties and bonuses depending on which side is currently having the upper hand. Which side has the upper hand is influenced by what military focuses the player takes: take too many Army focuses, and the Army gets the edge. Take too many Navy focuses and the reverse happens instead. If the Army gets too powerful, they may decide to coup Carlés for good.
• Military Coup: Aside from Uriburu's coup in Argentina's backstory, and Carlés' coup ongoing at the start of the game, several more coups can happen.
  • The GOU can launch a countercoup on Carlés to install Pedro Pablo Ramírez if GOU sides with the counterrevolutionaries during Carlés' Rosario campaign. This requires Carlés to move the ARA (Argentine Navy) on Mar del Plata, then decide to not sway GOU to his side during the Rosario campaign. Carlés commits suicide, and Ramírez takes power.
  • Alternatively, Ramírez can coup Carlés if the Navy-Army rivalry sways to the Army side and stays there for a long period of time. Carlés will escape to Peru on a boat in this scenario.
  • After Ramírez takes power as military dictator, when the Second Weltkrieg begins, Ramírez wants to intervene and join the war on the side of the Germans, but the GOU led by vice-president Edelmiro Farrell wants Argentina to stay neutral, and puts pressure on Ramírez. Ramírez can be either forced to resign, or launch his own coup on Farrell and stay in power and push through his desire to join the Reichspakt.
  • Regardless of how Farrell comes to power, Perón will always be his vice president, and they'll start pushing out radical reforms. This eventually triggers a massive protest from the middle/upper class, and General Eduardo Ávalos arrests Perón, forcing Farrell to step down and start another election. Perón can get freed by a popular demonstration, allowing him to participate in the election.
  • If the government (regardless of who's the head of state) takes no action against the FOP and Chile before the end of 1937, they will get couped by the GOU, who install a new leader and instantly declare war on FOP. If the head of state is Carlés or a democratic leader, Ramírez is installed. If Ramírez is the head of state, Farrell will get installed.
• Revolving Door Revolution: From 1930-1936, Argentina's liberal government gets couped by a right-wing general (General Uriburu), who then got replaced by a single-party conservative government, who then gets couped by a far-right dictator (Carlés). From 1936 onwards, the country can then get countercouped by army officers to install a new democracy or a military junta, who can then get replaced by someone else.

Manuel Carlés

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Liga Patriótica^note Patriotic League

Ideology: National Populism

The leader of the far-right nationalist Argentine Patriotic League (Liga Patriótica Argentina), and the head of the 1935 Christmas Coup.

---

• The Coup: At game start, Carlés just recently came to power through the Christmas Coup.
• Driven to Suicide: If GOU sides with the Old Guard during the Rosario campaign, Carlés' forces will be crushed. The Army will march into Buenos Aires, and Carlés commits suicide to prevent capture and punishment.

Pedro Pablo Ramírez

Role: President^note Country Leader (Military coup)

Party: Libertadores de Junio^note June Liberators

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

The figurehead of the United Officers' Group (Grupo de Oficiales Unidos, GOU), a group of influential nationalist Argentine Army officers. Though the GOU is currently aligned with Carlés, they dislike his radicalism, and might choose to remove Carlés and install Ramírez should Carlés displease them.

---

• Cincinnatus: If Ramírez comes to power in the Rosario campaign countercoup, he makes promises to hold elections in September. He can go through with his promises, let free and untampered elections take course, and step down from power.
• Full-Circle Revolution: If Ramírez comes to power and breaks his promises of free elections or never makes them in the first place, he will be just another dictator.
• The Generalissimo: While Ramírez did promise elections after taking power, he can use his military influences to rig the elections so that he gets elected and stays in power, effectively making him a military dictator.
• President for Life: If Ramírez wins his first election through election rigging, no more elections will happen until he gets removed, either by a coup or some other political crisis.

Juan Domingo Perón

^{Perón as an Army General}

Role: General, President^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Partido Justicialista^note Justicialist Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Tyrant Takes the Helm: If elected, Perón will become an authoritarian ruler.

Patagonian Worker's Front

^{Flag of People's Republic of Argentina (Totalist)}

Official Name: Patagonian Worker's Front, Argentinean Free Territory (Syndicalist after defeating Argentina), People's Republic of Argentina (Totalist after defeating Argentina), Socialist Republic of Argentina (Palacios), Argentina (Gonzalez, Costas)

Ruling Party: Unión de Sindicatos Argentinos^note Union of Argentinian Trade Unions

Ideology: Syndicalism

The Patagonian Worker's Front (Frente Obrero Patagónico, FOP) is a revolutionary government in Southern Argentina which seceded from Argentina in the 1920-22 Patagonian Rebellion. The forerunner of South American revolutionary syndicalism, the FOP is supported by fellow South American syndicalist state Chile, and both seek to spread syndicalism all over South America. A renewed Patagonian-Argentinian war is thus inevitable in the immediate future.

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: The Patagonian Worker's Front and the Patagonian Rebellion of 1920-22 that saw its rise are based on the Patagonia Rebelde of 1920-22, just much more large-scale.
• Arch-Enemy: The Patagonian Worker's Front starts off in a rebellion against the Argentinian Republic, and the very existence of one of these states is a challenge to the other's legitimacy.
• Civil War: The Patagonian Worker's Front is a breakaway state from Argentina, and the two start off at war with each other. If the Patagonian Worker's Front takes control over Argentina and subsequently elects the Radical Anarchists or the Communists in the Trade Union Congress, the other faction will mobilise their forces, starting a second civil war.
• Commie Land: What they hope to accomplish after taking over Argentina. What type of "Commie Land" comes out of it depends on who wins the election, with options for both Anarcho-Syndicalism and Radical Socialism. This is specially notable if the Argentine Commune is proclaimed if they win the civil war.
• Eagle Squadron: The Patagonian Worker's Front's revolution is supported by an international brigade sent by the Commune of France, led by former members of Lenin's vanguard: Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Vasily Chuikov, Georgy Zhukov and Ioseb Dzhugashvili. Once the Front successfully takes over Argentina, or when the Russian Socialist Republic uprising erupts, they'll return to France or Russia.
• Former Regime Personnel: After their victory, the Commune annexes a few old Argentinian agencies into their new administration.
• Magikarp Power: The Front starts out with literally 0 manpower and an outdated, weak industry. With the help of the initial focus tree, they can substantially boost their manpower to levels superior to even Argentina through a call to arms, and if they manage to take over the rest of Argentinan territory they can make reforms that finally turns them into a respectable Syndicalist nation.
• Ragtag Bunch of Misfits: The Patagonian military has one of the most diverse, quirky and outright bizarre commanders and leaders amongst their numbers, partly due to breaking away from Argentina, they don't have many options regarding members and are using every professional they can regardless of their background or personal agendas. This includes Marc Augier, a Primitivist and Paulina Mansurova, a Russian exile with no military experience.
• The Revolution Will Not Be Civilized: Zig-Zagged and downplayed, depending on which leader is on charge of the front. The Front in general has made it clear that the Argentinian revolution will have bood spilled, and they aren't afraid of using force to "liberate" other countries from authoritarian leaders either. That being said, aside from Argentina their leaders mostly try to have a diplomatic approach first, the exception being Baldomero, who has a much more aggressive and demanding approach to diplomacy.

Antonio Soto

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Unión de Sindicatos Argentinos^note Union of Argentinian Trade Unions

Ideology: Syndicalism

Founder of the Front, and its current leader.

---

• Chummy Commies: While having some questionable acts in his initial focus tree (like seizing ships from the nearby coast for his cause), Soto genuinely wants to create a Syndicalist paradise in Argentina with equal rights for all workers. He also keeps open elections and a working democratic system.
• Rebel Leader: As the one who leads the Front and convinced it to break away from Argentina in a effort to create a syndicalist ground, he more than qualifies.

Severino di Giovanni

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (Soto succession, Anti-Totalist coup)

Party: Unión de Sindicatos Argentinos^note Union of Argentinian Trade Unions

Ideology: Syndicalism

---

• Illegal Religion: Giovanni holds a harsh stance on religion and is ready to prosecute every member of the clergy in Argentina, in contrast to his colleagues who are more willing to compromise.
• The Starscream: If Chairman Soto remains in power after the Trade Union Congress, Giovanni will start plotting to overthrow him. If Soto does not arrest him, there'll be a chance that Giovanni will assassinate Soto and his partner Emilio López Arango to become the sole leader of the Argentinian anarchists.

Manuel Baldomero Ugarte

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Federación Obrera Regional Argentina^note Argentine Regional Workers' Federation

Ideology: Radical Socialism

---

• Egocentric Team Naming: The Ugartista faction within the Patagonian Worker's Front is named after their leader Manuel Baldomero.
• Start My Own: The Ugartistas respect the Third Internationale's goal of world revolution, but are unwilling to entrust Argentina's defence to far-away countries whose cultures and histories were tainted by imperialism. Because of this, instead of joining the Internationale, they'll found the United South American States, in order to look after South America.

Rodolfo Ghioldi

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Comité de Unión Sindical Clasista

Ideology: Totalism

---

• Conscription: During the revolution, Ghioldi's militias adopt conscription against the reactionaries. If the Communists take power after their victory, he'll implement conscription brigades permanently, so the Commune will have enough manpower to continue helping the World Revolution.
• The Gulag: The CUSC advocates sending the members of the old Argentinian regime to forced labour camps, where they could work off their sentences, instead of acquitting or executing them like what the Socialists and Anarchists want.