Characters / Kaiserreich Asia And Oceania

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East Asia

Empire of Japan

Official Name: Empire of Japan, State of Japan (Non-Socialist puppet state), People's Republic of Japan (Socialist puppet state)

Ruling Party: Rikken Seiyūkai - Mainstream faction^note Constitutional Association of Political Friendship

Ideology: Social Conservatism

Following the end of the Weltkrieg, Japan cemented its position as a significant world power, but the changing world threatens to drag Japan down with it. The collapse of the French Republic and United Kingdom ended Japan's economic boom and began an era of economic deterioration. Anarchist and syndicalist uprisings, martial laws, and political instability followed the economic downfall. As the Shōwa era headed by Hirohito enters its tenth year after what has come to be called the "Lost Decade", Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi presides over a country torn between socialist extremism and militarist expansionism.

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• Allohistorical Allusion: In 1936, the May 15 Incident occurs when Prime Minister Inukai is assassinated by radical officers. However, unlike real life, the incident is perpetrated by a far-left group (the Totalist Nichirokei, "Japan-Labour Clique") instead of a far-right group, being triggered by the assassination of Japanese socialist Katayama Sen.
• Bomb-Throwing Anarchists: The Japanese anarchists are very radical and quite prone to violence. They will assassinate Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi, and in some paths they will also assassinate Inukai's successor Suzuki Kisaburo.
• A Child Shall Lead Them: Crown Prince Akihito (who is 3 at game start) can ascend to the throne if his father is forced to abdicate, with his uncle Takamatsu Nobuhito serving as regent until the boy comes of age.
• Deal with the Devil: Many of Japan's Co-Prosperity Sphere faction mechanics revolve around this. Countries that join benefit from Japanese investment, resulting in industry buffs, but also have majorly imbalanced trade relations that could let Japan plunder their resources. If Japan invests too heavily, they'll establish complete economic domination, making the country a puppet state without firing a shot.
• The Empire: The vast majority of the time, Japan goes down a variant of their IRL militarist-imperialist path and starts conquering territories in Asia and the Pacific.
• Heel–Face Turn: Japan can turn from a exploitative, colonial power into a bastion of democracy in Asia with (relative) ease.
• Interservice Rivalry: The infamous IJA-IJN rivalry is a gameplay mechanic for Japan, and taking too many Army or Navy focuses will incur penalties as the other side contests the bias.
• Military Coup: Japanese politics in 1936 is a complete mess. After two successive changes in leadership in the same year, the Army can overthrow the civilian government and directly rule Japan again, ushering a new age of militaristic imperialism.
• Red Scare: The Japanese left is a lot stronger in the 1920s in Kaiserreich, and launched an anarchist uprising following the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake. As a result, there is significant fear for a syndicalist takeover of the country, and previous Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi has passed draconian security acts to control the radical left.
• Revolving Door Revolution: In the IJA, there is a massive division between the "Ishinha", or Restorationist Faction which wants to end the establishment and restore the full powers of the Emperor (National Populists), and the "Chuuha", or Centralist Faction, which supports collaboration with the establishment (Paternal Autocrats). The Restorationists will launch a second coup after the first coup got rid of the civilian government but installed a Centralist regime that sidelined the Restorationists.
• Right Hand Versus Left Hand: If Japan selects the "Strengthen Command Hierarchy" military focus without enough political power (developing the Grand Battleplan doctrine by supporting two rival generals), the leading Generals of the IJA Nagata and Obata (who support different political groups in the IJA) will argue with each other and refuse to work with each other, leading to penalties, though otherwise not a lot of attention is paid to the rivalry.
• Secret Police: As part of the anti-syndicalist security acts passed by Tanaka Giichi and (possibly) Suzuki Kisaburo, the "Special Higher Police", or Tokko, becomes extremely powerful in Japan. The Tokko specialize in social and thought crimes, and are notorious for brutal interrogation methods and engineering false confessions.

Hirohito

^{Hirohito as Emperor of an Occupied Japan}

Role: Emperor^note Country Leader

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• Abdicate the Throne: If a democratic nation puppets Japan, the overlord can stipulate that Hirohito immediately abdicate in favor of his son Akihito, with his uncle Takamatsu Nobuhito serving as his regent.
• Assassin Outclassin': The infamous Peace Preservation Act was introduced in early 1924 after syndicalists failed to assassinate then-Crown Prince Hirohito in December 1923.

Korea

^{Flag of the People's Republic of Korea}

^{Flag of the Korean Empire}

Official Name: Republic of Korea (Released by a non-socialist country), People's Republic of Korea (Released by a Socialist country), Korean Empire (Released by Qing China)

Ruling Party: Korean Independence Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

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• Government in Exile: In 1925, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was formed in Shanghai, and has since waited patiently in exile, hoping that they will be able to one day liberate Korea.
• Rightful King Returns: If Korea is liberated by Qing China, the Republic of Korea will give way to the Joseon Kingdom, restored as a constitutional monarchy. There are two candidates for monarch, Yi Un and Yi Kang.

Lee Beom-seok

Role: Country Leader (Released by a National Populist country)

Party: Korean National Association - Ilminists

Ideology: National Populism

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• Commie Nazis: The Ilminists look to create an egalitarian classless society where all subjects are obedient to a national leader.

Taiwan

^{Flag of the Taiwanese Federation of Communes}

^{Flag of the Taiwanese People's Republics}

^{Flag of the Republic of Taiwan}

^{Flag of the Republic of Formosa}

Official Name: Taiwanese Federation of Communes (Totalist/Syndicalist), Taiwanese People's Republic (Radical Socialist/Social Democrat), Republic of Taiwan (Social Liberal/Market Liberal), Republic of Formosa (Social Conservative/Authoritarian Democrat), State of Formosa (Paternal Autocrat/National Populist)

Releasable nation from the Empire of Japan

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• Voluntary Vassal: When released as an independent nation, Taiwan, a part of China that has been under Japanese occupation for more than 40 years and never been a country in its own right, can petition its overlord to rejoin either China or Japan.

Lin Xiangtang

Role: Country Leader (Released by a Social Conservative/Authoritarian Democrat country)

Party: Taiwanese Alliance for Home Rule

Ideology: Social Conservatism, Authoritarian Democracy

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• Pacifism Backfire: The Taiwanese Alliance for Home Rule's peaceful attempt to gain autonomy from Japan got them banned by authorities.

Lin Xiongzheng

Role: Country Leader (Released by a Paternal Autocrat/National Populist country)

Party: State Council of Formosa

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy, National Populism

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• Fat Bastard: Lin Xiongzheng is fat and a wholly authoritarian leader.
• Meet the New Boss: Lin Xiongzheng's presidency is little different from the old General-Governorship under Japanese colonialism.

Southeast Asia

German East Asia

Official Name: German East Asia

Ruling Party: Hellmuth's Clique

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

Germany's Asian colonial authority, led by the German Ostasienflotte based in Singapur, consisting of German Indochina, Malaya, Borneo, New Guinea, Pacific Islands, and Chinese concessions. Formerly a minor player in Asia, Germany took over French Indochina after the Great War, then British Malaya and Borneo after the British Revolution. Forced to micromanage its patchwork of remnant colonial systems, the colony in recent years has also seen a major uptick of nationalist resentment against imperialism.

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• Allohistorical Allusion:
  • The colonial war against the Indochinese has many parallels with the First Indochina War, a great colonial empire fighting against Vietnamese socialist rebels. However, there are also many references to the Second Indochina War, such as the National Focuses that allow them to use napalm, defoliants, and helicopters.
  • Like the US and NATO did in real life, the Germans refer to Vietnamese rebels with the derogatory name Vietcong. However, the term is a contraction of "Vietnamese syndicalists" (công đoàn Việt Nam), instead of "Vietnamese communists" (cộng sản Việt Nam) like in real life.
• Aquatic Mook: Due to their geographic location and choices of enemies, one path of German East Asia's Ground Forces focuses heavily on their Marine divisions along with generals that give less preparation time for amphibious invasions. Opting for the alternative doesn't lock you out of more Marine divisions either, as going down the navy branch will give you bonuses for said marines, and two free ones, whether or not you chose to focus on your Elite Mooks.
• Badass Navy: Prussia was described as an army with a state. In the same manner, German East Asia can be described as a navy with a state. In the mod proper, German East Asia's naval focus tree is even bigger than land military tree.
• Elite Army: The German East Asian military views local collaborators as unfit to serve the Grand Admiral or the Kaiser, resulting in a small but well-trained army in the Prussian style.
• Evil Colonialist: Although less harsh than their counterparts in Mittelafrika, German East Asia is still a colonial government that exploits the local population for resources, which leads to the rebellion.
• The Quisling: Most of the local royalty is still in power as a protectorate of the Germans. One of the most predominant is Emperor Bảo Đại in Vietnam, who can be set up as leader of a collaborationist government rival to the Việt Minh once the latter rebels.

Insulindia

Official Name: Insulindia, Islamic State of Insulindia, Insulindian Sultanate, Nusantara Communes

Ruling Party: Partai Nasional Insulindia^note Insulindian National Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

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Sukarno

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Partai Nasional Insulindia^note Insulindian National Party, Partai Murba^note Murba Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Radical Socialism

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• Assassin Outclassin': In an early event, an assassin throws a grenade at Sukarno when he's visiting Sumatra. The player decides whether the grenade is a dud or not.

Indochina

Official Name: Indochina, Republic of Dai Viet

Ruling Party: Hội Kín Cao vọng^note Secret Society of Hope

Ideology: Radical Socialism

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• Chummy Commies: The Vietnamese socialists seek to kick the Germans out of Vietnam and restore independence for their country.
• Combat Pragmatist: Indochina's terrain and nature are singularly suitable for guerrilla warfare, and the people have a long tradition of waging guerrilla warfare from ancient legends to the recent resistance against colonists.
• The Purge: Both the Nationalist VNQDD and the three Socialist parties, after taking power, might purge the other if they oppose the ruling party.
• La Résistance: The Viet Minh is a coalition which coordinates native Vietnamese uprisings against German colonial rule.
• We ARE Struggling Together: Though the Vietnamese nationalists and socialists share the same goal of liberating Indochina from German rule, they disagree on many issues, and can either purge each other to secure their power, or put aside their differences and agree to share power.

Hồ Chí Minh

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• Inspirational Martyr: After his fate is discovered, Hồ Chí Minh becomes the symbol of Indochinese revolution, inspiring them to achieve greater unity.
• Posthumous Character: In 1933, Hồ Chí Minh was captured by the Legation Cities' police in Hong Kong. The German secret police then identified and assassinated him, not wishing to repeat the mass demonstrations that followed Phan Bội Châu's execution in 1925.

Nguyễn An Ninh

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Hội Kín Cao vọng^note Secret Society of Hope/Anarchistes (Syndicalist System)

Ideology: Radical Socialism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: When declaring Indochina's independence from Germany, if the syndicalists' advice on a humanist declaration is followed, Nguyễn An Ninh cites the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the American Declaration of Independence, just like what the real Hồ Chí Minh did when he proclaimed Vietnam's independence from France.
• Rebel Leader: Nguyễn An Ninh is the leader of the Viet Minh and interim leader of Indochina when it first rebels against the German colonial administration.
• Traveling Salesman: Nguyễn An Ninh earned popularity in the Mekong Delta by personally travelling from village to village disguised as a herbalist, selling self-made ointment, while secretly recruiting members to sow the seeds of revolution.

Tạ Thu Thâu

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Hội Đồng Dương Cách mạng/Travailleurs (Syndicalist System)

Ideology: Syndicalism

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• Taking Up the Mantle: If Tạ Thu Thâu becomes Chairman of Indochina, he'll emulate Hồ Chí Minh's leading style, trying to calm factional tensions and strengthen solidarity.

Phạm Văn Đồng

^{Old Phạm Văn Đồng}

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader

Party: Tân Việt Cách mệnh Đảng^note New Vietnam Revolutionary Party/Montagnards (Syndicalist System), Indochinese Bolshevik Party (Totalist System)

Ideology: Totalism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: Phạm Văn Đồng is one of the candidates for Indochina's Head of Government, the exact same position he held in OTL Vietnam from 1955 to 1987, unlike most other real life leaders who are dead or play no significant role in Kaiserreich. While Ho Chi Minh was a syndicalist in Kaiserreich, the Totalist path is the closest to his actual real-life beliefs and the policies of the Vietnamese communists.
• Chummy Commies: Should they choose, they can implement genuine Soviet democracy, and urbanize Indochina. They can also take the same lenient options for dealing with opposition in events like the other factions.
• Culture Police: In order to lead the people into the shining light of socialism, the Vanguardists can cleanse Indochinese culture of reactionary elements by any means necessary.
• The Remnant: The Tân Việt are one of the few Bolshevik parties left in the world, and seeks to build a Soviet democracy protected by a secret police.
• Secret Police: French Sorelians can be invited to Totalist Indochina so they could teach their experience of how to build an advanced police state.

Nguyễn Thái Học

Role: Country Leader

Party: Việt Nam Quốc dân Đảng^note Vietnamese Nationalist Party/Maraisards (Syndicalist System)/Dong Duong Cach mang Dang (Indochina)/Đại Việt Cách mạng Đảng^note Dai Viet Revolutionary Party (Vietnam), Việt Nam Quốc dân Đảng^note Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Martial Law)

Ideology: Social Democracy, Authoritarian Democracy (Martial Law)

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• Allohistorical Allusion: In this timeline, the Yên Bái mutiny still happened and failed like it did in real life, when the Nationalist Party of Vietnam revolted against the colonial administration. Unlike in real life, where Nguyễn Thái Học was captured and executed by the French, in Kaiserreich he managed to evade the Germans and flee to China, and will return to Vietnam when the Viet Minh rises against the German colonial regime.

Siam

Official Name: Kingdom of Siam, Kingdom of Thailand (if renamed), Republic of Siam, Republic of Thailand (if renamed), Socialist Republic of Siam (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Aphirattamontri Sapha^note Sumpreme Council of State

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

One of the countries that benefited from German victory during the Weltkrieg, Siam regained most of its former land which had previously been lost to the western imperialists. While Siam's relationship with the Germans is, in general, cordial, the fact that they thwarted her expansionist ambitions during the 1929 Intervention in Burma has strained diplomatic and military ties between the two. If Siam should reconcile with the Germans or align itself with others power is a matter to be decided in the coming decade.
Ever since the coronation of King Rama VII in 1925 most, if not all, of the policies set forth within Siam have been dictated by the Aphirattamontri Sapha (Supreme Council of State). This is a council made up of the King's older siblings, who have continually worked to consolidate their power while keeping the power of the king over the nation weakened. Despite promising the Siam intelligentsia that a codified constitution would be issued any reform has been tough to pass, as it would be against the interests of the nobility.
Surrounded by enemies, such as the Konbaung dynasty to the west, Yunnanese bandits to the north, and the German imperialists to the east, Siam is in a dire situation. It will either perish, forever confined to the pages of a history book, or shall reform itself and emerge a modern state, be it by negotiation or by force.

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Prajadhipok

Role: King^note Country Leader

Party: Aphirattamontri Sapha^note Supreme Council of State, Khana Ratsadon^note People's Party, Khanagummakarn Ratsadon^note People's Council(Coup, Reforms), Khana Gubarn Gumueang^note  National Salvation Front, Ratthasapha^note , Pak Prachathipat (Democrat Party), Pak Kijsangkhom (Social Action Party), Pak Sangkhomniyom (Socialist Party)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Paternal Autocracy, Ratthasapha^note Social Conservatism, Social Liberalism, Social Democracy

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• The Good King: Prajadhipok genuinely cares for his people and works diligently to improve his subjects' lot. However, he cannot do much until Black Monday gives him an opportunity to pressure the nobility to agree to his reforms.
• Puppet King: King Prajadhipok lacks a strong grip on his country, and most policies are dictated by the Aphiratthamontri Sapha (Council of State) made up of his older siblings.

Plaek Phibunsongkhram

Role: Country Leader

Party: Pak Seri Manangkhasila - Soi Ratchakhru Clique^note Seri Manangkhasila Party, Khana Ratsadon^note People's Party

Ideology: National Populism, Authoritarian Democracy

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• Culture Police: Plaek can designate Central Thai (the Bangkokian dialect) as the primary language, ban the Lanna and Lao languages, enforce the teaching of the central Thai dialect compulsory.
• Internal Reformist: Plaek views the current state of Siam as an 'outdated relic of a bygone era' and intends to use his power to promote militarism and nationalism, proclaiming both to be additional essential principles of the modern nation.
• Military Coup: If King Prajadhipok fails to implement sufficient reforms, Marshal Plaek will lead the officers of Khana Ratsadon to seize power from the King.
• Please Select New City Name: Just as he did in real life, Plaek can change the name of his country from Siam to Thailand, in accordance with his nationalistic stance.

South Asia

Bharatiya Commune

Official Name: Bharatiya Commune

Ruling Party: Indian National Congress (Agrarians)

Ideology: Radical Socialism

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• Nice Job Breaking It, Hero: During the Red Summer of 1922, socialist rebels executed the Maharajah of Travancore along with most of his family, instilling enough fear of the revolution among Indian princes that many turned to the British for protection. The socialists later led a retaliatory campaign across the north and east despite the INC's denouncement of their actions. Palaces were ransacked and lands taken forcibly from the wealthy, and the INC was forced to go along with the idea lest their coalition crumble (despite vocal and repeated condemnation by the Mahatma).
• Regime Change: Three of the Dominion of India's allies will reach a crisis by 1938. The Bharatiya Commune can take advantage of them to install socialist governments in these countries to deprive the British of allies.
• We ARE Struggling Together: The Indian rebels were disorganised groups and interests who fought against each other as much as against the British. The Indian National Congress brought some unity to them, allowing them to push the British out of Northern India, only to break down again due to infighting. In 1932, the Muslims and Sikhs seceded from the Bharatiya Commune , proclaiming the formation of Pakistan. The INC continues to have to walk a balancing act between pleasing those on the left and those on the right, lest the Bharatiya Commune falls into civil war.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Role: Country Leader (INC endorses Agrarians)

Party: Indian National Congress (Agrarians), Indian National Congress (Centre)

Ideology: Radical Socialism, Social Democracy

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• Red Baron: Gandhi is far better known by the name Mahatma (Great Soul) than by his real name.

Dominion of India

Official Name: Dominion of India

Ruling Party: Unionist Party

Ideology: Social Conservatism

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• Emergency Authority: After the death of Viceroy Rufus Isaacs on 30 December 1935, two days before the game begins, the Dominion of India starts off under the control of a Provisional Government.
• Government in Exile: During the Red Summer of 1922, many dispossessed Indian princes turned to the British for protection and fled to the British stronghold in Bombay. All Viceroys must deal with the challenges of working with these exiles, who are eager for a fight with the Bharatiya Commune in order to reclaim their lands.
• The Remnant: British colonists refused to release their grasp on India even after the United Kingdom fell to the syndicalists.
• Vestigial Empire: Following the INC's rebellion, the British were almost fully pushed out of Northern India. By 1936, the Raj and its allies Hyderabad and Mysore only controls the Deccan Plateau and the lands south of it.

Mysore

Official Name: Kingdom of Mysore

Ideology: Social Conservatism

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• Arch-Enemy: The gameplay of Mysore is represented by a constant tug-of-war for power between Douglas Gracey, who represents British interests in Mysore and opposes the Raja's democratic reforms, and Mirza Ismail, the Raja's diwan and head of his government and the figure pushing for further democratisation.
• Proxy War: When P. Krishna Pillai organises a workers' strike that demands a response, the Dominion of India and the Bharatiya Commune will start a tug-of-war battle which determines whether Pillai succeeds in overthrowing the government, or whether the Raja declares Mysore's independence and forces a confrontation with the Dominion of India that could draw in the Bharatiya Commune's intervention.

Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV

^{General Wadiyar IV}

Role: Field Marshal, Prince^note Country Leader

Ideology: Social Conservatism

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• Internal Reformist: The Raja has pushed numerous democratic reforms in Mysore, and is in a position to do more.

Travancore

Official Name: State of Travancore-Cochin

Ideology: Social Conservative

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• Civil War: Will enter one shortly after Mysore, as Chithira Thirunal sees it as a way of earning independence from the centralized state without swearing loyalty to the dictatorial Nizam.

Hyderabad

Official Name: State of Hyderabad

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• Civil War: If the Nizam doesn't attempt to remove Bahadar Yar Jung, his demands to democratise and reduce the Nizam's power will inspire an uprising by Hyderabad's socialists.

Bahadar Yar Jung

Role: Country Leader

Ideology: Social Conservatism

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• State Sec: The Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen is supported by the Razarkars, a militant private militia group. If the Nizam moves to remove Jung, the Razarkars will rise up against him.

Pakistan

Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan

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• Arch-Enemy: The August 1934 truce between the Indian National Congress and Muslim leaders never actually ended the war between the Bharatiya Commune and Pakistan. The Muslims are calling for the liberation of the Muslim-majority Sindh, Baluchistan and East Bengal (which still remain under Bharatiya Commune occupation), and it's almost certain that at some point the war will heat up once again.
• Defector from Decadence: Resentment by Muslims and Sikhs against clear Hindu dominance and policies in the Bharatiya Commune grew until it turned into demonstrations and unrest. When the Muslims in East Bengal were bloodily suppressed in the Purge of Dhaka of December 1931, the Muslims and Sikhs saw that there would be no place for them in the Bharatiya Commune and seceded, naming their new country Pakistan.

Abdul A'la Maududi

Role: Country Leader (Released by a National Populist country)

Ideology: National Populism

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• The Theocracy: The Jamaat-e-Islami under Abdul A'la Maududi seeks to turn Pakistan into a traditional Islamic republic.

Nepal

Official Name: Kingdom of Nepal

Ruling Party: Rana Dynasty

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• The Coup: The Praja Parishad and the Nepali Communist Party are opposed by the Nepal government, and if their power becomes too great, they can overthrow the Ranas.
• Let No Crisis Go to Waste: During the Indian Civil War, Nepal seized Uttarakhand and northern Bengal from the Bharatiya Commune, leading to significant friction between the two countries along their border.

Tribhuvan

Role: King^note Country Leader

Party: Rana Dynasty

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Paternal Autocracy (Released by a Paternal Autocratic country)

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• Gilded Cage: King Tribhuvan is technically still monarch of Nepal, but he is kept a veritable prisoner within the royal palace and his democratic-seeking allies in the Praja Parishad under close watch.
• Puppet King: Nepal is firmly under the control of the Rana family. King Tribhuvan has no power whatsoever.

Bhutan

Official Name: Kingdom of Bhutan, Druk Empire (Nepal and Tibet conquered)

Ruling Party: Druk Gyalpo (Traditionalists)^note The Traditionalists are a broad collection of Penlops, minor nobles, officials and military leaders loyal to the King and devoted to the maintenance of the status quo. They are supportive of the reigning Druk Gyalpo but seek primarily to expand the power of the Penlops at the expense of the central authorities. The Traditionalists are strictly opposed to the reforms proposed by Sonam Topgye Dorji and his clique of court loyalists, seeing them as a direct affront to feudalism in Bhutan.

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• Cool Crown: The Raven Crown is a symbol of prestige and power for the king of Bhutan. Unfortunately for king Jigme it is in the hands of Tshering Penjor, the Penlop of Paro, who refuses to give it back. However, it is possible to retrieve the crown.
• Hidden Elf Village: Bhutan is a very isolated country, which is represented by their economy and trade laws and its national spirit referring to the country as "The Hermit Kingdom".
• Realpolitik: Due to sharing a border with the Bharatiya Commune, Bhutan recognized the syndicalist government in exchange for continuing the Raj's pre-revolution economic investment in Bhutan and recognizing their independence.
• Rising Empire: Bhutan may form the Druk Empire if it conquers Nepal and Tibet.
• The Theocracy: Much of Bhutan is composed of semi-independent monastic fiefdoms. Zhabdrung Rinpoche would restore the Buddhist theocracy which preceded the current monarchy.
• Voluntary Vassal: Bhutan may accept to become one to a reunited India in exchange for economic benefits and protection.
• Unexpected Gameplay Change: Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in Kaiserreich, with only a fraction of the manpower of other similar sized nations and is a military and political time capsule. In a game based around huge wars and grand strategy it is completely out of place. So in place of building alliances and recruiting a military to face and defeat exterior threats, their entire scenario is built around a Choose Your Own Adventure style decision tree and event chain based around tribal warfare and feudal succession, leaning into the kingdom's status as a hermit nation almost completely removed from the events of the world around it.

Jigme

^{Jigme Wangchuck with the Raven Crown}

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: Druk Gyalpo (Traditionalists)^note The Traditionalists are a broad collection of Penlops, minor nobles, officials and military leaders loyal to the King and devoted to the maintenance of the status quo. They are supportive of the reigning Druk Gyalpo but seek primarily to expand the power of the Penlops at the expense of the central authorities. The Traditionalists are strictly opposed to the reforms proposed by Sonam Topgye Dorji and his clique of court loyalists, seeing them as a direct affront to feudalism in Bhutan.

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• Boring, but Practical: Jigme is described as capable but uninteresting in his leader biography.
• Young and in Charge: Jigme ascended to the throne at 21 years old.

Sonam Topgye Dorji

Role: Field Marshal (Agreement with king Penjor), Gongzim^note Second in Command, Regent^note Second in Command (Jigme Dorji cabinet)

Party: Druk Gyalpo (Reformers)^note The Reformists are a collection of nobles and court officials who advocate for a series of reforms meant to modernise the Kingdom of Bhutan. While fiercely loyal to the power of the King, they hope to devolve some powers from the aristocracy to the Gewog village elders, while retaining the power of the central monarchy. Third base of power is centered around the king's Gongzim minister, Sonam Topgye Dorji. Through his influence, they have become the second most powerful faction in the country, with the king slowly subscribing to this more reform-minded approach to ruling. (Jigme Dorji cabinet)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy (Jigme Dorji cabinet)

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• The Good Chancellor: Sonam Topgye Dorji is loyal to his king and a reformist with plans to modernize Bhutan.
• Internal Reformist: Sonam Topgye Dorji, the Gongzim (equivalent to prime minister) of the king, seeks to reform and modernize the country.

Zhabdrung Rinpoche

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader (Zhabdrung takeover)

Party: Zhung Dratschang (Loyalists)^note While the Zhabdrung Rinpoche has been the official leader of Bhutan for the last three hundred years, they have had no real power since the days of Bhutan's founder, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal. The most recent incarnation of the ancient lama has spent years cultivating support among those who felt abandoned by the short-lived monarch. In doing so he created a broad coalition of conservative monks and impoverished villagers, snubbed courtiers and political outcasts. It is at the head of this unwieldy alliance that Zhabdrung Jigme Dorji rules Bhutan, and he will have to make sure the house of cards he built for twenty years does not fall out from under him.

Ideology: National Populism

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• Evil Reactionary: Jigme Dorji desires to go further than the traditionalist opposition and restore the theocracy under a reincarnation of the first Zhabdrung Rinpoche.
• The Kingslayer: The Zhabdrung Rinpoche may successfully kill king Jigme during the siege of Talo.
• The Purge: The Zhabdrung Rinpoche may undertake a great purge against those with ties to the previous regime and his critics.

Tshering Penjor

Role: Penlop of Paro, Field Marshal, Monarch^note Country Leader (Traditionalist takeover)

Party: Druk Gyalpo (Traditionalists)^note The Traditionalists are a broad collection of Penlops, minor nobles, officials and military leaders loyal to the King and devoted to the maintenance of the status quo. They are supportive of the reigning Druk Gyalpo but seek primarily to expand the power of the Penlops at the expense of the central authorities. The Traditionalists are strictly opposed to the reforms proposed by Sonam Topgye Dorji and his clique of court loyalists, seeing them as a direct affront to feudalism in Bhutan.

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• Let No Crisis Go to Waste:
  • Penjor uses Zhabdrung Rinpoche’s revolt to propose a restructuring of the Royal Guard including the appointment of a commander close to himself.
  • Later if king Jigme dies, Penjor may takes advantage of the situation to crown himself king.
• Status Quo Is God: Tshering Penjor represents the traditionalist faction, who wish to end the reforms pushed by the king and his chief minister and keep the power in the hands of the nobles.
• Suddenly Significant City: Paro will become the new capital of Bhutan if Penjor becomes king.
• The Usurper: Tshering Penjor is not rightful heir of Bhutan's throne but may crown himself regardless. However, he will make the late king's son his heir in order to appease the reformists and loyalists.

Jigme Dorji

^{Older Jigme Dorji}

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader (Jigme succession)

Party: Druk Gyalpo (Reformers)^note The Reformists are a collection of nobles and court officials who advocate for a series of reforms meant to modernise the Kingdom of Bhutan. While fiercely loyal to the power of the King, they hope to devolve some powers from the aristocracy to the Gewog village elders, while retaining the power of the central monarchy. Third base of power is centered around the king's Gongzim minister, Sonam Topgye Dorji. Through his influence, they have become the second most powerful faction in the country, with the king slowly subscribing to this more reform-minded approach to ruling.

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• A Child Shall Lead Them: If the king is killed, Jigme Dorji is but a 8 years old child when he succeeds his father.
• Internal Reformist: Jigme Dorji's education outside Bhutan created a desire to reform his country once he'll be of age to rule.

Middle East

Persia

^{Flag of the Republic of Iran}

^{Flag of the Socialist Republic of Iran}

Official Name: Imperial State of Persia, Republic of Iran (Revolution, Democrats in power), Socialist Republic of Iran (Revolution, Socialists in power)

Ruling Party: Hezb Democrat^note Democrat Party

Ideology: Social Democracy

---

Tropes pertaining to the rework

Official Name: Republic of Iran

Ruling Party: Ḥezb-e Irān-e No^note Party of New Iran

Ideology: National Populism

---

• Revolving Door Revolution: In the last decades, Iran went through the Republican Revolution in 1922, the Taskili Coup a couple of years later, then the Azadist Coup in 1933.

Abdolhossein Teymourtash

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Ḥezb-e Irān-e No^note Party of New Iran

Ideology: National Populism

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: Abdolhossein is a charismatic ultranationalist dictator who came into power in 1933.
• Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!: Abdolhossein used his position as Minister of Justice to protect parts of the nobility sympathetic to him and his clique from prosecution for treason.

Jabal Shammar

^{Flag of Rashidi Arabia}

Official Name: Emirate of Jabal Shammar, United Arab Emirates (United Arabia), Rashid Caliphate (Rashidi Hegemony), Subhani Arabia (Subhani Hegemony), Sultanate of Jabal Shammar and Hejaz (Constituent Assembly), Ha'il Commune (Socialist)

Party: al-Rashid^note House of Rashid

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Occupying the northern reaches of the Arabian Peninsula, the Emirate of Jabal Shammar is ruled by the al-Rashid dynasty. While the Rashidis sided with the Ottomans during the Weltkrieg, they have received little reward and are quite bitter as a result.

---

• Curb-Stomp Battle: On the receiving end of one in most games; without player intervention, their war with Nejd tends to go very poorly.
• Elective Monarchy: In their "Unite The Arabs" political tree, Rashidi Arabia becomes the United Arab Emirates, and can establish an elective monarchy in their country, where all Arab tribes will meet up and elect one of their chiefs as the Sultan of Arabia.
• Family Extermination: If they decide to maintain their hegemony across Arabia, the Rashidi family will get rid of the Saudi threat by hunting down and ending their line for good.

Nejd and Hasa

^{Flag of Sultanate of Nejd}

^{Flag of Ikhwan}

^{Flag of Saudi Arabia}

Official Name: Emirate of Nejd and Hasa, Sultanate of Nejd (Post-Shammar war), Saudi Arabia (Arab Unification)

Ruling Party: Al-Saud^note House of Saud

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

One of the two major powers of central Arabia, the Emirate of Nejd is ruled by the al-Saud family, with the backing of fundamentalist Ikhwan militias. They have a tense rivalry with Jabal Shammar.

---

• Curb-Stomp Battle: Controlled by the AI, Nejd almost always defeats Jabal Shammar.
• The Theocracy: One side of Nejd's political tree after uniting Arabia is entirely focused on establishing a nation ruled by Islam, with numerous focuses dealing with establishing religious laws and hunting down apostates and heretics, ending with the proclamation of a Caliphate. Rashidi Arabia by contrast only has one national focus about establishing a Caliphate.
• Token Evil Teammate: For certain values of "evil", but they're generally the darkest member of the Cairo Pact if they defeat Jabal Shammar. Egypt and Persia typically remain at least semi-democratic, but Saudi Arabia is an authoritarian absolute monarchy at best and The Theocracy at worst.

Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud

Party: Al-Saud^note House of Saud

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• Feuding Families: In 1890, the 15-year-old Abdulaziz ibn Saud was ejected from his tent in Riyadh by the Rashids, starting a great rivalry between his family and the Rashidis.

Faisal al-Duwaish

Role: Country Leader (Ikhwan Revolt victory)

Party: Al-Saud^note House of Saud

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• The Fundamentalist: Faisal leads the Ikhwan, a highly religious and traditionalist military group allied with the Saudis, who hold to the strictest Islamic morals and wish to purify Islam of its decadence and unite all Muslims in a single unitary state. If they take power, the country's flag is replaced by one which looks like a combination of Saudi Arabia's flag^note identical in both Kaiserreich and OTL and a Jihadist / ISIS black flag.
• Middle Eastern Terrorists: Faisal leads a militia that can be unambiguously described as a terrorist organisation, and seeks to turn Arabia into an Islamist theocracy.
• Rape, Pillage, and Burn: The Ikhwan is infamous for their zealous and bloodthirsty raids on the territories of nearby countries.
• Renegade Splinter Faction: If the Saudis attempt to modernize Saudi Arabia by limiting the Ikhwan's raids, Faisal will declare that they are unfit to rule Arabia and lead the Ikhwan in a revolt up against them.

Ottoman Empire

Official Name: Ottoman Empire, Sublime Ottoman Federation, Republic of Turkey (İnönü), Socialist Republic of Turkey (Radical Socialist/Syndicalist Turkey)

Ruling Party: Osmanlı Halk Fırkası^note Ottoman People's Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Long considered the "Sick Man of Europe", the Ottoman Empire came close to total collapse during the Weltkrieg, being forced into retreat for much of the war. The collapse of the Western Front in 1919 would relieve the Ottomans' pressure, allowing them to eventually turn the tide and emerge victorious. After snuffing out the Hashemite rebellion, the Ottoman Empire managed to rebuild itself as the dominant power in the Middle East following the collapse of the British Empire. The Empire now pursues a policy of neutrality, but they may soon find themselves forced out of it as the revanchist Cairo Pact led by Egypt desires to bring down the Empire once and for all.

---

• Arch-Enemy: The Cairo Pact in general, but especially Egypt, who leads the Cairo Pact. War between the Cairo Pact and the Ottomans is all but inevitable.
• Press X to Die: The National Populist path for the Ottoman Empire sees massive uprisings by every minority group in the Empire.
• Vestigial Empire: Downplayed. The Ottomans in Kaiserreich have relatively strong industrial and military forces. Their political scene is generally stable, and regional revolts are kept under control for the time being. Their biggest enemies are all external, namely the Cairo Pact. However, their economy is a mess, with a crippling debt that makes it very hard for them to use their industry to its greatest extent. With some nudging from the Cairo Pact, the aforementioned regional revolts can also spiral out of control.

Mustafa Kemal

Role: Grand Vizier^note Second in Command

Party: Osmanlı Halk Fırkası^note Ottoman People's Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• Emergency Authority: Mustafa Kemal and his allies want to establish a more democratic society, including voting rights for women and other progressive policies. In order to do so, however, Kemal has to centralize the empire, which he does through seizing near-complete power over the government.
• Well-Intentioned Extremist: Mustafa Kemal's reforms include removing the autonomy given to minority parts of the Ottoman Empire and purging the government and military of those who might object to his reforms. This is in order to modernize the empire economically and socially, industrializing the nation and improving the rights of those marginalized by the traditional leadership of the autonomous provinces.

İsmet İnönü

Role: Grand Vizier^note Second in Command, President^note Country Leader (HIF lost Desert War)

Party: Osmanlı Halk Fırkası^note Ottoman People's Party, Democrat Fırkası^note Democrat Party, Türk Ocakları^note Turkish Hearths, Turkish People’s Party (HIF Lost Desert War)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Market Liberalism, National Populism

---

• Taking Up the Mantle: İsmet İnönü is Mustafa Kemal's right hand man, and when the Grand Vizier passes away of illness, İnönü succeeds him, continuing his former superior's reform agenda.

Shakib Arslan

Party: İttihad-ı Muhammedi Fırkası

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• Bait-and-Switch: Though Shakib Arslan's socially conservative faction has a focus tree, it is uncompletable, as he is quickly deposed by the military before he can institute his reactionary reforms.
• Short-Lived Leadership: If Arslan becomes grand vizier, he doesn't last long before the military under Fevzi Çakmak deposes him in a coup d'etat.

Fevzi Çakmak

Party: Selamet-i Osmaniye Fırkası^note Ottoman Salvation Party

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• The Coup: Fevzi Çakmak seizes power over the country through a military coup if the conservative faction of the liberal entente takes control over the country.
• War Hawk: Çakmak wishes to join the Reichspakt and take part in Germany's war with the Syndicalists and the Russians.

Ottoman Rework

Cafer Tayyar Paşa

Role: Country Leader (Noontide coup)

---

• Blatant Lies: In his teaser, he declares the Sultan's overthrow to be a "temporary measure" but effectively abolishes the monarchy as a whole.
• Emergency Authority: After taking power by delcaring himself head of state and dissolving the legislature, he proclaims a state of emergency.
• Military Coup: In his teaser, Cafer Tayyar Paşa takes power through a military coup, occupying the capital by force and thus taking control of the entire empire.
• War Hero: He gained his fame as a commander during the Balkan Wars.

Ottoman Secessionist States

Assyria

Official Name: Assyria, Kingdom of Assyria (National Populist)

Ruling Party: Assyrian Love and Unity

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

---

• The Theocracy: Venerated as a saint by his people, the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East has, over the years, unified church and state, over which he and his inner circle have ruled as kings.
• Voluntary Vassal: Assyrian can invite Canada to establish a protectorate.

Shimun XXI Eshai

Role: Patriarch^note Country Leader

Party: Assyrian Love and Unity, Assyrian Christian Democratic Party (Relinquish Temporal Power), IEDC Commission (Entente)

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, National Populism (State of Emergency), Social Conservatism (Relinquish Temporal Power), Market Liberalism (Entente)

---

• Emergency Authority: The patriarch will proclaim a state of emergency when the fight for independence starts. In the National Populist path he will maintain the state of emergency indefinitely.

Armenia

^{Flag of Socialist Armenia}

Official Name: Armenian Republic (Democratic), Socialist Republic of Armenia (Socialist)

Ruling Party: Armenian National Liberation Movement

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

At game start Armenia is annexed to the Ottoman Empire but it can revolt against it following the outbreak of the Desert War.

---

• Occupiers Out of Our Country: Armenia revolts from Ottoman Turkish rule to establish an independent country of its own.

Garegin Nzhdeh

^{Nzhdeh as a General}

Role: General, Country Leader

Party: Armenian National Liberation Movement

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy, National Populism (Savinkov rules Russia)

---

• Cult of Personality: Garegin Nzhdeh will create one in his NatPop path.
• Rebel Leader: Garegin is involved in the resistance to Ottoman rule since his youth and organizes and leads Armenian rebel forces, waiting for the occasion to launch a revolt and gain the independence of Armenia.

South Caucasus

Georgia

^{Flag of the Kingdom of Georgia}

Official Name: Democratic Republic of Georgia, Kingdom of Georgia (Monarchy restored)

Ruling Party: Sakartvelos Sotsial-Demokratiuli Partia^note The Social Democratic Party of Georgia, more commonly known as the Georgian Menshevik Party, emerged from two separate crises in the Georgian nationalist movement. In the late 19th century three groups emerged, fittingly dubbed the First, Second and Third Group, each with different ideas for how Georgian independence should be achieved. The Third Group, under the leadership of Noe Zhordania and Irakli Tsereteli embraced Marxist ideology and sought to meld Georgian nationalism with socialist beliefs. In 1903 the second crisis erupted, when the Third Group voted to join the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, despite the protests of prominent members like Noe Zhordania. This tenuous alliance did not last long, on the advent of the Russian Revolution many Georgia based members of the party decided to end their cooperation with the Russians, although some Georgians like Tsereteli remained faithful to Russian branch of the party. Zhordania emerged as the leader of the newly dubbed SSDP and helped establish an independent Georgian republic, guided by a mixture of socialism, humanism and nationalism, whilst rejecting the more extreme Bolshevik currents that had swept across the Eurasian labour movement.

Ideology: Social Democracy

Georgia gained its independence during the chaos of the Russian Civil War, following its break from the short-lived Transcaucasian Federation. During the chaos, Georgia went to Germany for help in defending against the enemies surrounding the nation. Georgia signed multiple agreements with Germany, notably the Treaty of Poti, placing the country under the protection of Germany in exchange for several economic concessions which have resulted in a clear German dominance within the economy. Also in the Treaty of Batum, Georgia gave all of its Muslim majority regions to the Ottoman Empire. Asserting its hard won independence, Georgia has since remained a peaceful and stable state.
While a part of Russia, Georgia was a centre of Menshevik activity, which remained the case when it gained independence, with the Menshehvik Social Democratic Party of Georgia ruling since 1918. Following Noe Ramishvili's brief stint as Chairman in 1918, Noe Zhordania has ruled the country for 18 years solid. The Mensheviks have had complete political dominance over Georgia the whole time, though their vote count has shrunk over the years. In the election of 1935, the Mensheviks almost lost their majority, but were able to keep hold. The National Democratic Party, the EDP, garnered a large amount of votes, with their leader, Ekvtime Takaishvili beginning to work closer with monarchist groups. The popularity for a monarchy has grown over the years, with the two main candidates as king being Prince Joachim of Prussia, son of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and George Bagration, head of the old Georgian royal family, the Bagrationi Dynasty.
Georgia stands as a beacon of stability in a world of growing uncertainty. Late last year, the old and popular Noe Zhordania announced he would resign as Chairman, to be replaced by Evgeni Gegechkori, who has worked in Zhordania's government since independence, though is notably less popular than him. However, unless disaster were to suddenly strike the nation, nothing is set to change politically until the next election in 1939.

---

• Government in Exile: Georgia is home to the government-in-exile of the defunct Mountain Republic, who will strike a deal with Vasily Boldyrev's Free Russian Army in an attempt to secure independence or autonomy for the North Caucasus.

Ioakhim I

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader (Monarchy restored, German candidate chosen)

Party: Erovnul-Demokratiuli Partia^note The National Democratic Party is one of the oldest Georgian nationalist groups still in existence, having originally been founded by “The Father of Georgia”, Ilia Chavchavadz. In its first few years of existence it was nearly moribund, but in 1917 Spiridon Kedia alongside the elder statesman Niko Nikoladze led a revival of the party, and participated in the first Georgian elections as well as the Georgian provisional government. The party stood for the rights of the peasants, the moderate intellectuals and the traditionalists, against what they deemed to be a tide of radical socialist ideology, sweeping across Georgia. Although unable to stem this tide, the National Democratic Party nevertheless solidified itself as the de-facto leader of the opposition against Noe Zhordania’s Mensheviks, consistently gaining more and more of an edge on him in recent elections. Following Ekvtime Takaishvili’s ascent to party chairman, the National Democrats have also sought to cultivate stronger ties with their fellow agrarian minded parties, and opened up to the possibility of cooperating with Georgian monarchists to secure power.

Ideology: Social Conservatism

---

• Offered the Crown: Prince Joachim of Prussia can be invited by Georgian conservatives and crowned King Ioakhim of Georgia if the Georgian government had previously renewed the Treaty of Poti.

Giorgi XI

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader (Monarchy restored, Georgian candidate chosen)

Party: Erovnul-Demokratiuli Partia^note The National Democratic Party is one of the oldest Georgian nationalist groups still in existence, having originally been founded by “The Father of Georgia”, Ilia Chavchavadz. In its first few years of existence it was nearly moribund, but in 1917 Spiridon Kedia alongside the elder statesman Niko Nikoladze led a revival of the party, and participated in the first Georgian elections as well as the Georgian provisional government. The party stood for the rights of the peasants, the moderate intellectuals and the traditionalists, against what they deemed to be a tide of radical socialist ideology, sweeping across Georgia. Although unable to stem this tide, the National Democratic Party nevertheless solidified itself as the de-facto leader of the opposition against Noe Zhordania’s Mensheviks, consistently gaining more and more of an edge on him in recent elections. Following Ekvtime Takaishvili’s ascent to party chairman, the National Democrats have also sought to cultivate stronger ties with their fellow agrarian minded parties, and opened up to the possibility of cooperating with Georgian monarchists to secure power., Tetri Giorgi^note The Patriotic Union of White George, which derives its name from the figure of Saint George, emerged from the German backed Georgian Independence Committee over disagreements about Georgia’s future. The Committee, which was made up of numerous military men, cultural activists and nobles, had a staunch belief in establishing a free and independent nation that could revitalize the Georgian people’s cultural identity, but were outraged when Germany began to impose more and more economic and political demands on the nascent state. Rejecting their former patrons, the Tetri Giorgi gathered in the 1920s and rallied to the cause of total sovereignty, believing in the establishment of a free Georgian state under the guidance of a monarch, or similar national figurehead. More radical members of the party have openly expressed admiration for the far right Legionary and Integralists movements in Europe, perhaps hoping to imitate their ascents to power. (Absolutist self-coup)

Ideology: Social Conservatism, Paternal Autocracy (Absolutist self-coup)

---

• Military Coup: In the midst of violence and anarchy, King Giorgi will be approached by army general and monarchist Kakutsa Cholokashvili, who states that perhaps it is time the monarchy and the army stepped in to remove the democratic government, to protect Georgia from the rising threat of socialism. If the King agrees, Cholokashvili will march upon Tiflis, remove the republican government, and turn Giorgi XI into an absolute monarch.
• Rightful King Returns: Prince Giorgi, head of the former royal dynasty of Bagration, is a major candidate among the Georgian monarchists, and can ascend to the throne if the conservatives take power following Black Monday.

Central Asia

NOTE: Central Asia lore is currently not fully established in the Russia rework. These content are from current version of Kaiserreich and will likely be subject to change.

Afghanistan

^{Flag of Mohammad Nadir Khan's Afghanistan}

^{Flag of the Islamic State of Afghanistan}

Official Name: Kingdom of Afghanistan

Party: Barakzai^note Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

The history of Afghanistan changed during the Weltkrieg. The country took advantage of the world conflict to attack the British Empire. At the end of the war, Afghanistan's borders extended to the Pakistani regions of Quetta and Peshawar. Since then, King Amanullah Khan has been trying to unify and reform a country of divided tribes. However, these reforms are causing a wave of discontent among a part of the population.

---

• Space-Filling Empire: If Afghanistan successfully repels the Entente armies and invade the Dominion of India during the Third Anglo-Afghan War, the country could force the British authorities to sign the Third Treaty of Rawalpindi, obliging them to cede most of the dominion. Or Afghanistan can choose to continue the fight until the total conquest of the Dominion of India.

Amanullah Khan

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: Barakzai^note Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

---

• The Coup: If he loses the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Amanullah Khan will be overthrown by Mohammad Nadir Khan, one of his relatives.
• Didn't Think This Through: Amanullah Khan saw the invasion of the Dominion of India following the death of George V in 1936 as an opportunity to unite his people around a victory and a good way to gain new territories. However, he did not imagine that this war could lead to an Afghan defeat, the loss of the territories acquired in 1926, a further division of his people and ultimately the fall of his regime.
• Divided We Fall: One of Amanullah Khan's greatest ambitions is to overcome the ethnic and tribal divisions in the Afghan society.
• The Good King: Although Amanullah Khan's rule is absolute, he has carried out many social reforms and wishes to make Afghanistan a constitutional monarchy.
• Irony: His head of government is his uncle Nasrullah Khan. OTL, Amanullah Khan accused him of the assassination of his father (whom he himself had ordered killed), imprisoned him and then executed him.
• Let No Crisis Go to Waste: The reign of Amanullah Khan is marked by his opportunism towards the Dominion of India:
  • He took advantage of the Weltkrieg and the collapse of the British Empire to invade the British Raj and conquer several Pakistani territories.
  • In 1936, he sees the death of George V as an opportunity to invade the remains of the British Raj again.
• Morton's Fork: After the defeat of Afghanistan in the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Amanullah Khan's rule is contested by large sections of Afghan society. He can be immediately overthrown by General Mohammad Nadir Khan or choose to suppress the revolts. Whatever the choice, the king will fail to stabilize his country and will be overthrown by Nadir Khan.
• We Hardly Knew Ye: Amanullah Khan will always be overthrown by Mohammad Nadir Khan if he loses the Third Anglo-Afghan War. Since the conflict starts barely a month after the beginning of the game and is quickly concluded in favor of the British, the king remains at the head of Afghanistan for less than a year.

Mohammad Nadir Khan

Role: Field Marshal, Chief of Army, Monarch^note Country Leader (Afghanistan loses Third Anglo-Afghan War)

Party: Barakzai^note Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

Mohammad Nadir Khan is an Afghan general and a relative of Amanullah Khan, the king of Afghanistan. If the country loses the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Nadir Khan leads a coup against the king and becomes the new head of state of Afghanistan.

---

• Big First Choice: At the beginning of his reign, Mohammad Nadir Khan had to choose what to do with the reforms of Amanullah Khan. He can seek a compromise by cancelling the social reforms but continuing those related to the country's infrastructure, he can completely revoke them to satisfy the traditionalists, or he can continue them to their conclusion.
• The Coup: After the defeat of Afghanistan in the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Mohammad Nadir Khan can immediately overthrow King Amanullah Khan by organizing a coup or wait a little for insurgents to overthrow Amanullah Khan and crush them and then proclaim himself king.
• Evil Reactionary: After taking power, Mohammad Nadir Khan may decide to work with the Afghan traditionalists and reverse all the reforms of his predecessor that were aimed at modernizing Afghanistan.
• In Spite of a Nail: In Kaiserreich, Mohammad Nadir Khan may come to power under the same circumstances as in our reality. In the game, he can assume power after rebel forces take Kabul and overthrow Amanullah Khan. In our reality, in 1929, Nadir Khan is proclaimed king after crushing Habibullah Kalakani, a warlord who took Kabul and overthrew Amanullah Khan.
• Nepotism: In forming his government, Mohammad Nadir Khan can choose to fill it with his relatives and even appoint his own brother, Mahmud Khan, to head the cabinet.
• Ragtag Bunch of Misfits: In forming his government, Nadir Khan is able to select former senior officials from the Amanullah Khan regime, working with both radical and moderate reformers.
• Spared by the Adaptation: OTL, King Mohammad Nadir Khan was shot by an opponent in 1933. In Kaiserreich, he is still alive in 1936 as he is not yet king.
• Taking Up the Mantle: Mohammad Nadir Khan may decide to continue the reforms started by Amanullah Khan in the hope of completing them.

Habibullah Kalakani

Role: Country Leader (Released by a National Populist country)

Party: Tribal Movements

Ideology: National Populism

---

• Egocentric Team Naming: Habibullah Kalakani leads a movement named after him.
• Evil Reactionary: He opposes the reforms of King Amanullah Khan, whose aim is to turn Afghanistan into a modern country.
• Rebel Leader: Kalakani is a deserter from the Royal Afghan Army and leads a movement of ultra-conservatives opposed to King Amanullah Khan.
• Spared by the Adaptation: OTL Habibullah Kalakani was executed by Mohammad Nadir Khan in 1929 a few months after overthrowing Amanullah Kahn. In KRTL, Kalakani is still alive in 1936.

Oceania

Australasian Confederation

^{Flag of the Australasian Union}

^{Flag of the Republic of Australasia}

Official Name: Australasian Confederation, Australasian Union (Socialist), Republic of Australasia (Paternal Autocrat)

Ruling Party: Australasian National Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy

Having already suffered a disastrous defeat at Gallipoli during the Weltkrieg, Australia and New Zealand were outraged when they were forced to give back German Guinea, especially since they had already been embarrassed by how they weren't treated as distinct entities during the Peace with Honour. This came to a head in 1923, when a police strike turned into a syndicalist uprising, resulting in the enactment of Emergency Protocols and the violent suppression of the uprising. The next year, the two dominions were merged into one.
The British Revolution hit them hard. The Overseas Fleet evacuated many important figures in the smaller Pacific colonies to Australasia, and merged with the Royal Australasian Navy. The loss of Britain as an export market has drastically harmed the economy, and while Governor-General William Birdwood has been able to keep things stable after enacting Emergency Protocols, he has done little to help with economic recovery.
This has fueled support for the Labor Party, republican movements, the authoritarian Australasian Guard, and the syndicalists, who are still around and may have some plans for Labor...
Birdwood will be restoring democracy soon, and the 1936 election looks to be an important one.

---

• Allohistorical Allusion: The AFM is a stand-in for the Australia First Party founded in 1996, though the actual party is closer to the Australasian Guard in practice.
• Arch-Enemy: Arguably the Ottoman Empire after the disaster that was Gallipoli. The pro-monarchist Australasian Guard's main enemy are the Internationale, especially the Union of Britain. The Syndicalists and AFM find one in the Entente, mostly for their anti-imperialist (specifically anti-British) rhetoric.
• Civil War: Getting the Syndicalists or AFM into power creates one, as Thomas Blamey and the Guard flee to New Zealand to call the rest of the Entente in.
• Day of the Jackboot: Downplayed at first with Governor-General Birdwood, as despite his authoritarian tendencies, he's willing to relinquish some of his power to the democratic process. Played straight with the AFM, Australasian Guard and Australasian Union under J.B. Miles.
• From Bad to Worse:
  • Australasia was already in an economic depression since 1925, a problem that only gets worse after Black Monday.
  • Losing New Zealand to the Guard as Syndicalist or AFM Australasia is already pretty bad. Having the entire Entente show up at your door to reclaim Australia for the crown with no-one to help you? Not great.
• The Purge: The Syndicalists or the AFM can begin a purge of the military to remove any pro-Entente sympathisers within. The Guard will do the same with officers found to have syndicalist or otherwise republican sympathies.
• Revolving Door Revolution: Australasia has a bizarre habit of switching ideologies every few months throughout the game. They may start out with a restoration of democracy, have a syndicalist revolution, and then get hit by a far-right pro-British/anti-British coup.
• Rightful King Returns: A more sinister version with the Australasian Guard when they directly install Prince George as the head of state.

William Birdwood

Role: Governor-General^note Country Leader

Party: Australasian National Party, Democratic^{Click to Show}Australasian Country Party, United Australasia Party, Australasian Labor Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy, Democratic^{Click to Show}Market Liberalism, Social Conservatism, Social Democracy

The Governor-General of Australasia, currently serving as the supreme power second only to the King in Ottowa after dissolving Parliament under George V's orders via the Anderson Protocol. Despite serving as a crown-backed dictator over the confederation, he plans to reopen Parliament to general elections.

---

• Cincinnatus: Downplayed. Birdwood himself doesn't stand down as Governor-General, though he gives power back to the democratically-elected Prime Minister in early 1936. Played straight when replaced with Isaac Isaacs.
• Emergency Authority: He was granted supreme power in 1925 following the British Revolution, merged Australia and New Zealand into one dominion and dissolved Parliament.
• Gone Horribly Wrong: His decision to re-open Parliament can potentially lead to Australasia being taken over by one of the three extremist factions, the very thing he was given power to prevent.
• Head-in-the-Sand Management: His government has done nothing in 11 years to fix the depression Australasia found itself in after Britain fell to syndicalism, and only steps in once Black Monday is in full swing. Not to mention the rise of political extremism of all kinds throughout the country.

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

Role: Governor-General^note Country Leader

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (Henry William Frederick Albert) is the third son of King George V of Canada, a general in the Canadian military and potential Governor-General of Australasia or King of Canada and/or the United Kingdom.
See his entry in the Canada folder at Kaiserreich America

Prince George, Duke of Kent

Role: Governor-General^note Country Leader

Prince George, Duke of Kent (George Edward Alexander Edmund) is the fourth son of King George V of Canada and potential Governor-General of Australasia or King of Canada and/or the United Kingdom.
See his entry in the Canada folder at Kaiserreich America

John Curtin

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Elections), President^note Country Leader (Republic), Chairman^note Country Leader (Second Melbourne Uprising)

Party: Australasian Labor Party (Democratic), Syndicalist Party of Australasia (Radical)

Ideology: Social Democracy (Democratic), Syndicalism (Radical)

The leader of the left-wing Australasian Labor Party and one of the possible choices for Prime Minister in the 1936 elections. He may be persuaded by the radical faction of the party to launch a syndicalist revolution of the country.

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• Allohistorical Allusion: If Australasia becomes Syndicalist, one of their focuses allows them to dismantle the White Australasia Policy, however the Australasian Union can only do so after Curtin is replaced at the First Congress, possibly serving as a subtle nod to how OTL Curtin was a proponent of the policy.
• Hero with Bad Publicity: If one is to view Curtin in a positive light. He's disliked by those who oppose syndicalism and socialism in general (particularly the Australasian Guard) for being the face of Australasia's syndicalist revolution, and is disliked by other syndicalists for his moderate leanings. At the First Congress, he's very quickly replaced by either Fred Paterson or J.B. Miles.

Fred Woolnough Paterson

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (1st Congress election)

Party: Syndicalist Party of Australasia

Ideology: Syndicalism

The leader of the Syndicalist faction of the Australasian Congress. An orthodox Syndicalist known for his progressive policies.

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• Chummy Commies: Compared to the Maximists, Paterson's faction is more lenient in its policies and approach.
• Secret Police: Downplayed. The Syndicalists can create the ASRC to "report reactionary activity", but the extent of their powers is kept vague.

Elsie Violet Farrelly

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (Paterson succession)

Party: Syndicalist Party of Australasia

Ideology: Syndicalism

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• Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Farrelly can become the first woman to rule Australia.

John Bramwell Miles

Role: Chairman^note Country Leader (1st Congress election)

Party: Maximist Party of Australasia

Ideology: Totalism

The leader of the Maximist faction of the Australasian Congress. A charter-aligned Totalist and a radical firebrand.

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• Dirty Commies: He's the head of Australasia's totalist movement and is aligned with Mosely's Totalist Charter.

Percy Stephenson

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (1939 election), President^note Country Leader (Republic)

Party: Australasia First Movement

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

The leader of the Australasia First Movement: a collection of republicans, nationalists and socialists disillusioned with syndicalism all united against British imperialism over the country. If elected, he will declare the "Republic of Australasia" and attempt to make the country more self-sufficient.

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• Commie Nazis: Downplayed. The OTL Stephenson started as a communist before converting to fascism later in life, but here he's merely a nationalist with syncretic socialist policies, though he and the AFM are still authoritarian and dictatorial.
• Day of the Jackboot: He disbands parliament to rule over the country with an iron fist once elected and cuts ties with the Entente.
• Martial Pacifist: He wants Australasia to be militarised in case they need to defend themselves, but is against the very idea of going to war. That said, the AFM may support the nationalists in the South African Civil War or the Princely Federation in India, or even join up with Japan and the Co-Prosperity Sphere.
• People's Republic of Tyranny: Australasia may be a republic under Stephenson's control, but they're even less democratic than they were under Birdwood's rule.
• Politically Correct Villain: Despite Percy's authoritarian tendencies, he's not a racist or a religious fundamentalist like Campbell and the Guard are. The AFM are the only known party in Australasia to openly make connections to Aboriginal communities, and while they want immigrants to conform to Australasian culture, Stephenson believes said culture can be enriched by immigration. And the fact that he can repeal the White Australasia Policy at all when only the AFM and the Syndicalists can do so should speak volumes.

Eric Campbell

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (1939 election)

Party: Centre Party

Ideology: National Populism

The leader of the far-right Australasian Guard and the Centre Party. A monarchist, Campbell seeks to strengthen Australasia's standing with the Entente, mostly Canada and the British Royal Family and crack down on Australasian Syndicalism.

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• Full-Circle Revolution: If Campbell wins the 1939 elections, Syndicalists will protest his government and start a Second Melbourne Uprising. This can cause Britain to enact the Anderson Protocol again, essentially putting Australasia back where they started.
• A Nazi by Any Other Name: Much like his OTL counterpart, Eric is a far-right demagogue with authoritarian tendencies characterised by hostility towards progressive or left-wing ideology and policies.
• Rightful King Returns: May invite Prince George or Prince Henry to govern Australasia themselves.
• Politically Incorrect Villain: Campbell is a notorious racist towards non-whites, a fact which may come back to bite him.
• Secret Police: Mentioned by name in one of the Guard's focuses.