Literal Surveillance Bug

Definitely one of the cuter examples.

"They had a bug in the appropriate conference chamber — literally a fly on the wall."

— Use of Weapons

So, you know how we call the Tracking Device a bug, since we all tend to speak American and are therefore too lazy to say more than one syllable?

This is what happens when a clever writer realizes that hey, maybe it actually can be a bug! A robot bug, with cameras and laser beams! Awesome! You can even replace the sci-fi with magic, if need be.

All of this on top of the fact that bugs themselves are rather unobtrusive, and people don't usually shriek in horror when there's just a random bug hanging around, minding its own business. And whereas people might begin to get suspicious if the telephone sprouted helicopter blades and followed them into the next room, an insect flitting from wall to wall is entirely uninteresting. As a result, they tend to be both cool and practical. It's hardly surprising that this trope appears in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and everything in-between.

If someone does — usually out of sheer force of habit, rather than suspicion — swat the bug in question, expect anyone in headphones on the other end to get a painful dose of screeching feedback. Sure enough, it will prompt the one spying to deploy another bug. In fantastic settings, the robot part may be entirely unnecessary if whoever deployed the bug has Pest Controller or Animal Eye Spy powers and can send a flesh-and-blood insect.

This trope isn't just restricted to fiction, either—it turns out that actual beetles can be manipulated in such a way that they work as great surveillance, although full applications of this are still in the works. These studies also discredit one common appearance of this trope—robotic bugs. It turns out that they're Cool, but Impractical, since making them work pretty much requires that scientists make them as much like actual beetles as possible.

All of which gives a whole new meaning to the phrase "Fly on the Wall".

Subtrope to Animal Espionage and Mechanical Insects. Compare Surveillance Drone.

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Examples:

Anime & Manga

• In the Anpanman TV series Soreike! Anpanman, Baikinman's team uses a spider-shaped electronic bug at one point. Apparently, Baikinman got over his hatred of spiders when he transformed into one in Baikinman no Gyakushuu.
• Tiny robot bugs with a large field of vision show up in both Arachnid and its spinoff Caterpillar to spy on the ongoing battle royales. This is but a sample of the setting's fixation on bugs.
• Dragon Ball: After Goku defeated the Red Ribbon Army, Doctor Gero had tiny robotic ladybugs running surveillance on all Goku's battles except for those on Namek. This allowed Gero to a) calculate the growth of Goku's abilities so he knew how strong to make the androids, and b) collect DNA samples from human and alien fighters to make Cell.
• Naruto: Shino Aburame gives orders to the bugs that live in his body, and can have them perform surveillance (they communicate with him by flying in pattern to form words) or track (he puts a female bug on his target and then has male bugs find it by scent).
• Yu-Gi-Oh!: There is one, property of bug-themed Weevil Underwood.

Asian Animation

• Agent Ali: Dos and Trez spy on the M.A.T.A. base with a hidden camera in a robotic cockroach.
• In Happy Heroes, the villains Big M. and Little M. occasionally spy on the Supermen using a little robotic fly.
• In YoYo Man, Baron Rose and his cronies frequently use a tiny surveillance drone with a slender body and dragonfly-like wings to spy on others.

Comic Books

• In Astro City, although Jack-In-The-Box trains a replacement due to familial obligations, he follows the new Jack with a remote-controlled flying spy camera and provides him with real-time situational updates.
• Blue Beetle: Ted Kord has one called Snoopy, which he sends out from his airborne hovership the Bug to do surveillance.
• In Death & the Family, S.T.A.R. Labs sends a spy robot into the Insect Queen's hive to gather information. It is called a Batesian Universal Ground retcon unit (or "B.U.G."), is modeled after a termite, and it fits in the palm of one hand.
  Dr. Light: In the thick of things, we released this. A Batesian Universal Ground Recon Unit. "B.U.G." for short. A branch of S.T.A.R. Labs has been developing these to mimic the qualities of South African termites and infiltrate their mounds. I co-opted one of the prototypes and sent it in to get whatever information it could.
• In The Mighty Thor #357-8, the villains' secret base has an insect infestation that's actually a swarm of Literal Surveillance Bugs created by their own Gadgeteer Genius, who is working with them unwillingly and wants to know what they say when he's not around.
• PS238 student the Flea has a psychic link with insects which is powerful enough that he can and does get useful information from them, even at fairly considerable ranges.
• The Simpsons: An early issue has the FBI keeping watch on Mr. Burns via one of these, until Smithers notices it.
  Mr. Burns: Oh, worried about bugs, are we? I eat bugs for breakfast. Let them eat static!
  FBI Agent: It... it's still working. I can hear chewing and swallowing.
• Spider-Man has spider-tracers (whose signal he picks up with his spider-sense, in fact).

Fan Works

• In Game Theory (Lyrical Nanoha), Megane primarily uses her summoned insects for discrete surveillance.
• The New Adventures of Invader Zim features Zim spying on Dib with one of these in the first chapter.
• Peter Parker's Field Trip (Of course it's to Stark Industries): One of the more recent inventions Tony and Peter made together is a remote-controlled bug — or "SPI-DER" (System for Portable Information, Data Extraction and Retrieval) — designed to look like a Black Widow spider meant for Natasha to use. It is nearly indestructible and is programmed to bite anyone who tried to squish it, injecting them with a toxin that can knock anyone unconscious. Peter's contribution was a built-in microphone half a millimeter big that could pick up sounds up to ten yards away.
• In Risk It All, some of the smaller and more expensive surveillance drones in Ren's prestige point shop are shaped like common insects like cockroaches and flies. He invests in some of these while trying to track down Black Mask.
• Starlight Over Detrot has the Ladybugs — magically constructed out of parasprites and a host of other things, they can telepathically share information across their Hive Mind, and to anyone wearing one of the bugs.

Films — Live-Action

• Ant-Man: Unsurprisingly, Hank Pym uses ants carrying micro-cameras to spy on Scott (before recruiting him as Ant-Man) and to follow him on missions (afterward).
• The Dark Crystal has surveillance bats. They have a magic crystal set in the chest area that transmits what it's aimed at. They're not very smart; one gets smacked by an oar because it got too close in broad daylight.
• In The Fifth Element, one of Zorg's minions uses a cockroach fitted with a hilariously conspicuous transmitter to spy on the president. The roach also seems to have a brain implant that allows it some rudimentary control over it. The president eventually notices the bug and squashes it, causing painful feedback for the listener. (Note that this is a parodical exaggeration. Despite the film being set a few centuries in the future, in real life the technology already exists to do this trick more effectively.)
• In Get Smart, Bruce and Lloyd capture a small robotic fly.
• Mooch the Fly from G-Force.
• G.I. Joe: Retaliation: Firefly's robo-fireflies, which also double as anti-personnel explosives.
• The Matrix has the tracking device Smith places in Neo's body. When it's about to be surgically removed from Neo's body, Trinity explains to him, "We think you're bugged."
• The Spyders in Minority Report are four-legged robots which invade people's homes to do a retina scan for identification. Those who don't open willingly will be shocked until they comply.
• Spy Kids:
  • R.A.L.P.H., (imaged above) Juni's Robotic Arachnid Lithium Photo Helper from Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams.
  • In Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, the Toymaker spies on the heroes in his virtual reality game with a blue butterfly.

Literature

• This is part of the Palantir Ploy in Abarat — the Midnightian Royal Family has robot spy-bugs and spy-birds and spy-who-knows-what all over the place. Candy actually beats one up once, to prevent it from hurting the child of the kind lady who gave her shelter.
• The Animorphs frequently morph bugs for surveillance purposes.
• The Artemis Fowl series has ARClights, genetically engineered dragonflies carrying biotech cameras, created by Foaly.
• Consider Phlebas: Horza swats away an insect that has somehow made its way onto the spaceship. The insect lands on his hand for a moment, and Horza only realises later (when agents from Special Circumstances try to detain him) that it was a tiny surveillance drone confirming his identity by sampling his DNA.
• A Danny Dunn book (science fiction for '60s youngsters) has this for a plot — the eccentric scientist invents a dragonfly that can be remote-controlled by virtual reality, and three kids get hold of it and use it for their own purposes (mostly tormenting the local bully, but also spying on crooks).
• Deception Point has the spy bugs used by Delta Force.
• Rita Skeeter in the Harry Potter books can actually transform into a bug, and uses said ability for exactly this purpose. In this instance, it's a learned skill, albeit one that is supposedly regulated by wizarding law. Hermione was set on the path to discover this fact by Harry talking about "bug" in the usual surveillance sense.
• In Heaven Official’s Blessing: Tian Guan Ci Fu, Hua Cheng can see and hear through the wraith butterflies he creates and controls and can also use them to make recordings that he can show to other people. He uses this ability to keep informed of the goings-on in Heaven, allowing him to give Xie Lian helpful exposition. During the Mount Tonglu arc, he uses the butterflies to mitigate the difficulties caused by the group getting separated.
• The clockwork "spy fly" in His Dark Materials.
• In the Liaden Universe novel Fledgling, Win Ton catches an insect-like device spying on the Delgado party (though it is referred to as a "spying device" as the parties discussing it apparently do not use the colloquialism "bug").
• One features in the opening chapter of Lord of Light
• Mrs. Smith's Spy School For Girls: Double Cross: Abby starts encountering robotic butterflies on the Briar Academy campus. Turns out, Jane Ann had a couple of Briar kids build them to spy on the Smith kids.
• The Night's Dawn Trilogy: In The Neutronium Alchemist, an intelligence agency is using biotech spiders to spy on a radical group. Realising what's happening the group arranges for gangs of local kids to squash every spider in sight as a game.
• In Pandora's Star, Paula Myo and her team use modified insects to spy past privacy shields that scramble any electronic attempts at spying.
• Rune uses the magical variety in the Relativity story "Rune Returns... Again".
• There's a bard in Scrapped Princess who learned to control swarms of robotic bugs running on Lost Technology and uses them, among other things, for spying on people.
• In the first Star Trek: Titan book, the Romulan Tal Shiar (their state intelligence agency) use tiny crawling robotic bugs to eavesdrop on a closed meeting of Romulan and Federation dignitaries. The devices are discovered only afterwards, but do prove useful in a later mission (in the next book of the series).
• In The Stormlight Archive, the Dysian Aimans are Hive Minds controlling hundreds or thousands of small arthropods they call hordelings (small arthropods in general are usually called 'cremlings in universe). They can form them into a surprisingly convincing human shape but they can also use some of them as remote observation agents. An unknown number of Dysians have taken an interest in the series main characters and apparently are the in-universe authors of the back cover blurbs for the novels. The exact nature of their interest is currently unknown. Since this was revealed fans have made a bit of a game of trying to spot the Dysian spies. One is confirmed, the cremling that appears in the epilogue of Words of Radiance.
• Whateley Universe:
  • Not only bug-shaped but also with a cloaking field in "Ayla and the Tests".
  • Cyber-Swarm specializes in them.
• Worm's main character Taylor has the power to control insects, spiders, and other creepy-crawlies. She really wants to learn to see and hear through them, as this would massively expand the utility of her power. She eventually pulls it off, making her a surveillance nightmare for the heroes and villains she opposes.

Live-Action TV

• In Alphas, Skylar makes these.
• Altered Carbon: A surveillance drone that looks like a metal fly is used by the Ghostwalker to record Takeshi Kovacs having sex with Miriam Bancroft, the wife of his wealthy and powerful employer. The next day a couple of them are shown to Takeshi by Poe (the avatar of the hotel's Artificial Intelligence) pinned like butterflies. Unfortunately, Poe says that he detected them too late to stop them transmitting what they saw.
• In Charlie Jade, flying robotic bugs are used by MegaCorp Vex-Cor.
• In one episode of The Dresden Files, Harry uses a spell to make some wasps into these: it involves having them sting his ear so he can hear what they hear, and sting his eye so he can see what they see.
• Get Smart: In "Double Agent", there is a fly "bug" in development, but Max (of course) thinks it's a real fly and swats it.
• The second season of Lois & Clark has Intergang using robotic beetles to investigate the Daily Planet, as well as using them to help target heat seeking missiles.
• Star Trek: Discovery: After their Klingon captors mockingly repeat information from a private conversation between Captain Lorca and Lieutenant Tyler, Lorca realizes that their fellow captive, Harry Mudd, uses a listening bug attached to his spider-like pet, Stuart, to gather potentially valuable intel and then feeds the information to the Klingons to ensure his own safety.
• Star Trek: Voyager: In "Life Line", the EMH goes to visit his creator, hologram expert Dr. Zimmerman, and finds himself being bothered by a buzzing fly (as per usual for this trope, he ends up swatting it despite being a hologram himself).
  Barclay: Oh, that's Roy.
  EMH: Don't tell me — another hologram?
  Barclay: It was developed for Starfleet Intelligence; an experiment in micro-surveillance.
• Veronica Mars: Veronica once plants a bug inside a paperweight of a beetle.
• The X-Files: In the episode "War of the Coprophages", Mulder stumbles upon a swarm of methane-powered robotic alien space probes disguised as roaches who have been conducting research on a small town in New England. Because they have a tendency to swarm over the recently-dead in order to collect samples, the townsfolk erroneously believe them to be responsible for the deaths and mass hysteria over killer cockroaches ensues.

Podcasts

• The Scuttle Buddy from The Adventure Zone: Balance.

Scripts

• Powerpuff: Henrietta's wooly bear caterpillar robots are used as surveillance drones in addition to their bigger purpose of mind control.

Tabletop Games

• Champions: The Destroyers, a villainous group from the adventure Deathstroke (1983), use spy devices disguised as insects to guard their hidden base.
• The Loyalty Roaches from Feng Shui's 2056 juncture are how the Buro keeps its eye on its citizens. The watered-down "environment-safe" insecticides common in 2056 don't do dick to them, but the ones in the contemporary juncture, which are obviously banned by the Buro, do a bang-up job on them.
• House Dimir of Magic: The Gathering uses these as part of its omnipresent surveillance network across Ravnica. As Gameplay and Story Integration, the more information you gather with the 'surveil' mechanic, the more lethal the bugs get.
  Just assume every conversation is on record.
• In the Transhuman Space setting, microbots can be and sometimes are used for espionage or surveillance, and doubtless often pass as insects, at least to casual observation.

Video Games

• Call of Duty: Black Ops II has you deploy a spider-like bug named Ziggy during the Colossus mission, equipped with a camera, microphone, wall-climbing capabilities, hacking equipment and a short ranged stun device.
• Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3: The Empire's detector unit is the Burst Drone, a dragonfly-shaped drone that can attach itself to vehicles to slow them down and self-detonate to damage them.
• James Bond's Q-Spiders in Everything or Nothing. They're variously equipped with explosives, tranq-darts, invisibility cloaks, and missiles (used only once).
• The Beetle serves this function in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. Not only does it allow you to retrieve small items and press unreachable switches, an upgrade also allows it to carry larger objects (pots, bombs, beehives etc.), and subsequent upgrades provide it a longer range and the ability to accelerate.
• Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando has the Spider-Bot, a remote-controlled drone that Ratchet can use to survey areas outside of his line of sight, flip switches out of his reach, or blow up unsuspecting enemies.
• In the Sam & Max: Freelance Police games, one of the overpriced but necessary items Bosco sells the titular duo is a "high tech listening device" that turns out to be a talking cockroach that can perfectly memorize and play back any conversation it hears. When not imitating the voices of other characters, it speaks in a Drill Sergeant Nasty voice and looks back on its many traumatic war experiences.
• In one mission of Sly 2: Band of Thieves, the team rigs a beetle into a survailance bug, with Lampshade Hanging.
• The SPY Fox games have Walter Wireless the Tracking Bug, a Walter-Cronkite-impersonating bug whom Spy Fox drops into the bad spy's purse, or whatever. He gives news reports on the villain's status while riding with them.
• Too Human, a Cyberpunk adaptation of Norse Mythology, turns Huginn and Muninn into robotic birds with zoom-lens eyes.

Webcomics

• Part of LBB's function in Agents of the Realm. LBB stands for Ladybug Bot and Jade uses it to search for both Agents and bleeds.
• Hinted at in The Order of the Stick #770 when a prisoner in the Empire of Blood says about having been captured after escaping:
  Ian: I don't know what tricks they're using to find me yet... my current theory is that they've bugged my bugs.
• Wilde Life has spiders act as watchers, heralds, and if need be defenders, in the name of the White Faced Bear.

Western Animation

• In one episode of Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, Simon the Monster Hunter tricks Krumm into eating a cockroach-shaped listening device, allowing him to listen in through Krumm's stomach and learn the trio's every move. At first, they suspected that one of their fellow students betrayed them by telling Simon, and even began to turn on each other. Once they learned about the bug inside Krumm, however, they used it against Simon and lured him into a fighting ring with a wrestler.
• Mechanicles makes some of these in Aladdin: The Series. The clockwork beetles can't transmit, and have to fly back to the nutty inventor to relay their information.
• The Predacons in Beast Wars sometimes use these.
• Parodied in Chowder when Chowder runs away and Mung, Truffles, and Schnitzel go search for him in the episode Apprentice Appreciation Day. Mung remembers he had Chowder "bugged" just in case of this. The bug is literally a giant insect (as in bigger that Chowder) underneath the kid's hat that shouts "He's right here!" to Mung and company before flying off.
• An episode of Codename: Kids Next Door ends on the twist that a fly that made its way into the treehouse and put up with the main characters' antics was actually a robot sent by the Delightful Children from Down the Lane.
• In Danny Phantom, Vlad Plasmius uses mechanical bugs that resemble him to spy on the Fentons.
• In the Dexter's Laboratory episode "Repairanoid", Dexter sends out a fly bot to find out why his lights are flickering. The electrician sees the fly but assumes it to be an ordinary fly and squashes it.
• DuckTales (2017): At the end of "Challenge of the Senior Junior Woodchucks!", it's revealed that the mosquito that's been pestering Donald throughout the episode is actually a F.O.W.L. drone that was sent to spy on the McDuck family.
• One of the later DiC Entertainment episodes of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero had many high-ranking Joes under suspect for being The Mole since Cobra always seemed to have strategic intel that was only discussed in very confidential meetings. After investigation, none of the Joes present was found to be a spy, but General Hawk always brought his favorite cookies to the meetings and Cobra programmed a collection of robotic cockroaches to seek these cookies out.
• Inch High, Private Eye. In "Super Flea", the invention of this trope threatens to put the miniscule private detective out of a job.
• When spying on Global Justice and Kim Possible, Gemini uses robotic Fly-On-The-Wall cameras, which often lose signal because people keep swatting and breaking them. When interrogating his underlings about the signal loss, they mention that when people see things that look like flies, they swat. Gemini never takes this advice reasonably.
• Special Agent OSO has a tiny ladybug-like robot called Shutterbug.
• In Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012), Donatello has been known to make "spy roaches" by outfitting ordinary cockroaches with cameras and somehow controlling their actions via remote control. Raphael, who hates cockroaches, doesn't approve, especially after one of them mutates and holds a grudge against one of Raphael's freak-outs.
• The Monarch uses butterflies like this in The Venture Bros., although you can't help but wonder why no one notices that butterflies are, in fact, the Monarch's whole supervillain theme. It helps, of course, that as far as Dr. Venture is concerned, the Monarch is an Unknown Rival.
• In Wakfu, Nox uses the "Noxines" clockwork bugs for both surveillance and to gather wakfu from all over the world.
• In Wild Kratts, both heroic scientist Aviva and villainous robotics expert Zack Varmitek have created bug-size robots for various purposes. Aviva uses hers for watching wildlife and getting the data she needs to create new gadgets and creature-suit programs, while Zack uses his in his endless schemes to infiltrate Wild Kratts HQ and steal Aviva's inventions.
• Yogi's Treasure Hunt: One episode features Dick Dastardly using one to find out where the good guys will go to search for the treasure of the week. Someone swats it without realizing what it is, but Dick is satisfied because it at least lasted long enough to fulfill its purpose.

Real Life

• For those interested in how this trope is being applied in Real Life, some YouTube links for your perusal.
• Alleged first example of some kind of this trope would be CIA's project to implant a microphone and a radio in a cat (fun fact: the antenna was going through the tail). Thus created spy-cat would have been given to persons of interest as a inconspicuous gift. Then, during field tests, first ever spy-cat was run over by a car in minutes since its release, and the project was scrapped.
• The Insectothopter, a 1970s bug disguised as a dragonfly.

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