Woolseyism / Danganronpa

Main installments:

Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc

• In the Orenronen let's play that came out long before the game was localized, Monokuma's name was rendered as "Monobear" being that "kuma" means "bear." The official English translation does not do this, leaving it as "Monokuma" by direct request of the Japanese writers. Despite this, numerous fan works, fan translations, wiki entries, and other materials written by people who got into the series with Oren's let's play before the localization was out refer to him as "Monobear" because of them being used to it.
• The Project Zetsubou translation turns the fujoshi pun in Toko's name to one about slashers (not the serial killers, the slash fic kind).
• Despite what some fans may think, there is a reason why "Genocider Shō" was localized as "Genocide Jack" in the official English Adaptation. When Shō is first mentioned, the player is supposed to believe that they are male, mainly because "Shō" is more commonly used as a male's name in Japan. As a result, the revelation that Toko's split personality is Shō is more surprising (however, in the investigation phase of Chapter 2, Toko calls Genocider a she anyway). This ambiguity, for lack of a better term, cannot work in English because "Shō" may not sound like a masculine name to western players who have never seen the name before. So in order to preserve it, Shō was localized as Jack which not only works in tricking the player, but is also a nice homage to one of the most infamous serial killers of all time, Jack the Ripper.
• In the English dub of the game, Celeste speaks with a very obvious fake French accent in a rather monotone manner. This would catch some players off guard, especially those who played in the original language first, but if you think about Celeste's real personality, it fits with her character. It's especially effective when, in Chapter 3, Celeste's has her Freak Out over being accused and completely drops the accent all together, but is still constantly struggling to keep it. Her nickname is also modified from 'Celes' into 'Celeste' for this.
• The NISA localization has the characters refer to each other using either their first names or nicknames (for example; "Hina" for Aoi, "Taka" for Kiyotaka, and "Hiro" for Yasuhiro) It's a strange decision at first, since in Japan people usually refer to each other by their last names unless they're very close friends or family, but this change was for good reason as determining one of the clues for Chapter 3's trial is entirely dependent on knowing how a certain character refers to the others. Hifumi Yamada refers to his classmates only using their last name in a formal matter in both languages, and this fact is important in determining that Yasuhiro is Celeste. In English, this clue wouldn't translate very well unless the player was aware of how Japanese culture worked. So the most logical change would be having the other characters refer to each other by their first name or a nickname like they would do in English (for example, Naegi is called "Makoto", while Asahina is called "Hina"), that way Hifumi's mannerisms would stand out more.
  
  Some others would argue that the Project Zetsubou translation's Woolseyism was handled better, as it not only maintained the "last name" convention of the original, but also kept the clue intact (not to mention that they had to use the Japanese voice clips from the game, meaning that they were more restricted in their workaround). They simply had Hifumi always refer to people by their full names, and the clue was about what order he said the names in.
• The Japanese title of Chapter 1 is written in katakana and can be interpreted in a bunch of different ways, including "live to the fullest", "live to the end", "live and kill", and "use your abilities to the fullest", all of which are relevant to the chapter. Since English can't have that many meanings in a single phrase, Project Zetsubou titled the chapter "Kill Free or Live Hard".
• The official translation changing Chapter 4's title from "All All Apologies" to "All●Star●Apologies" retains the Nirvana reference while adding a new layer of meaning: the chapter centers around Sakura and Aoi, both of whom are "all-star" atheletes and have a lot to apologize for. It could also be a reference to another rock song, "All Star" by Smash Mouth.
• The original Japanese title of Chapter 5 is "Despair Junk Food for a Dashing Youth", which is a reference to a Light Novel series called Shissou suru Shishunki no Parabellum, meaning "Parabellum of Dashing Youth." Since English-speaking players wouldn't get this reference, Project Zetsubou saw that "parabellum" came from the Latin phrase "Si vis pacem, para bellum," meaning "If you want peace, prepare for war," and made the title "If You Want Donuts, Prepare for Despair."
• While most of the name changes to the trial minigames are largely pointless, Kokoronpa from School Mode (a pun which only works if one has a working knowledge of Japanese) was changed to Trigger Happy Heart, which works in regards to retaining the original meaning.

Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony

• A retroactive example. The localization changing "Kotodama" to "Truth Bullets" inadvertently creates the far more fitting new mechanic in Lie Bullets, which are just called "Usodama" in the original Japanese.
• Shinguuji's execution, "Picture Scroll of Punishments Past and Present", is localized as "Cultural Melting Pot". Not only does this reference his anthropology talent, it also doubles as a pun since the execution involves Shinguuji getting boiled alive in a cauldron.
• Since Gonta is initially presented as a Tarzan Expy, a wild man due to being raised by animals instead of his original family who feels he has to "become a gentleman" to be accepted by human society, the NISA localization has him talk in much the same way. Part of why this was done is because in the Japanese version while he does speak normally he's still a Third-Person Person, which doesn't seem as odd for a Japanese speaking audience than it is for an English speaking one. Note that other characters who had this trait in the games, like Ibuki or Tenko, typically just lost it during the translation process rather than repurposed in a way that would work both for the character and the new intended audience.
• In Kaede's Love Hotel event, she wants Shuichi to call her by her first name, since in the fantasy, they've been dating for some time, making it a significant but not unreasonable shift to greater familiarity. Since a first-name basis is relatively normal in Western cultures, the localization has her instead wanting Shuichi to call her a cute nickname like "sweetheart".
• In the Japanese version, Miu nicknames Kaede "Bakamatsu," as a portmanteau of her last name and the word "Baka". Since the English version instead has the cast on a First-Name Basis, and the English word for "idiot" is different, Miu instead calls her "Kaediot."

Spin-offs:

Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls

• In the Japanese version, Komaru typically addresses Toko as "Fukawa-san" (roughly equivalent to "Miss Fukawa") as a sign of politeness for someone she's only just met and is older than her, and switches to the much less formal "Toko-chan" later on (the same as what Aoi called Sakura), after they start truly becoming friends. In the English localization, where most of the cast is on a First-Name Basis, Komaru instead switches to calling Toko by the Affectionate Nickname of Toki.

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