Characters / TWR Asia

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West Asia

Syria

Official Name: Greater Syrian State

Ruling Party: Syrian Social Nationalist Party

Ideology: National Socialism

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Antun Saadeh

Role: Country Leader

Party: Syrian Social Nationalist Party

Ideology: National Socialism

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Adnan al-Malki

Role: Country Leader (Greater Syria defeated)

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Jordan

Official Name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Ruling Party: The Hashemites

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Talal bin Abdullah

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: The Hashemites

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Iraq

Official Name: Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, United Arab Kingdoms (Union with Jordan)

Ruling Party: The Hashemites

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Faisal II

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: The Hashemites

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Hashemite Dual Monarchy

Role: Country Leader (Union between Jordan and Iraq)

Party: The Hashemites

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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South Asia

Kingdom of Afghanistan

Official Name: Kingdom of Afghanistan

Ruling Party: Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Amanullah Khan

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Republic of Pakistan

Official Name: Republic of Pakistan

Ruling Party: Muslim League

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Abdul Qayyum Khan

Role: Country Leader

Party: Muslim League

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Rework

Ruling Party: Muslim League - Left

Ideology: National Liberalism^note Liberalism

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• Occupiers Out of Our Country: The people of Pakinstan are united in the fight for independence from India.
• We ARE Struggling Together: Few things unite the disparate nation of Pakistan beyond their opposition to Socialist India, consisting of Pashtun tribes, a Punjabi minority, former princes and a muslim intelligentsia from all over India. This diversity is both a benefit to pluralism and a detriment to stability.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader

Ruling Party: Muslim League - Left

Ideology: National Liberalism^note Liberalism

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• Founder of the Kingdom: Jinnah is the first leader of Pakistan and is hailed as the Father of the Pakistani Nation.

Feroz Khan Noon

Role: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Post-Jinnah election)

Party: Muslim League

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• Internal Reformist: Feroz Khan Noon wants to reform Pakistan's democracy on the Westminster model and enshrine women's rights.

Muhammad Ali Khan

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Post-Jinnah election)

Party: Muslim League

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• Evil Reactionary: Muhammad Ali Khan wants to infuse islamism within the Republic, enshrining the Sharia Law and restricting women's rights.

Jammu and Kashmir

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Hari Singh

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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India

Official Name: India

Ruling Party: India National Congress - Subhasist

Ideology: Subhasism^note Revolutionary Communism

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• Government in Exile: A teaser shows India harbors in Calcutta the Communist Party of China Provisional Headquarters.

Subhas Chandra Bose

Role: Country Leader

Party: India National Congress - Subhasist

Ideology: Subhasism^note Revolutionary Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A popular hero of the Indian Independence Movement to rival the late Mahatma, Subhas Chandra Bose has held a complex life and rise to power.

One of the most fervent Indian Nationalists of the INC, which he had been President of in the past and leads again today, he was originally ousted from the leadership of the Congress in 1939 due to disagreements with Gandhi about the use of violent or non-violent means to achieve independence.

Soon after, he was placed under house arrest by British authorities for organising dissent, but would escape India, spending time in Afghanistan where he attempted to gain the support of the Soviet Union to resist British rule. It was here, in his exile in Afghanistan, where he is rumoured, controversially, to have also negotiated with representatives of Nazi Germany, but these negotiations broke down as the Nazis, now preparing to invade the Soviet Union, had no interest in jeopardising the delicate armistice with Britain.

He would have marginally greater luck seeking to build a pact with Japan to drive the British from India, meeting Japanese officials in 1943 after travelling through the then warring Soviet Union. However, as Japanese offensives were halted and their forces failed to gain any real position close to India, this most controversial attempt at gaining a foreign ally was also unsuccessful.

After the surrender of Japan, Bose would return to India, still a hugely popular figure, where he played a major role in gradually building unrest.

This time, the British could not stop this unrest, and British rule collapsed, the Raj falling apart as British forces hastily withdrew after a rushed set of agreements signed with the INC and Muslim League. From then, Bose easily cemented himself as the hugely popular leader of a new independent Indian Republic ruled from Delhi.

While in India his popularity is immense, in the west, views are mixed. His obviously controversial past of cooperation with Japan, and possibly even Germany, is a blotch on his record for western governments seeking to do business with the subcontinent's greatest power. Regardless, for now, his power seems secure, and his nationalist, pan-Indian, somewhat authoritarian version of socialism comfortably rules India with a true democratic mandate.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Role: Country Leader (18th INC Congress election)

Party: India National Congress - Orthodox

Ideology: Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The First President of India, in office since 1950. Nehru is a popular member of the Indian National Congress and a veteran of the Indian struggle for freedom.

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N. G. Ranga

Role: Country Leader (18th INC Congress election)

Party: India National Congress - Agrarian

Ideology: Agrarian Socialism^note Socialismm

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Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Ruling Party: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh^note National Volunteer Organization

Ideology: Reactionary Nationalism^note Paternal Autocracy

A Hindu nationalist organization that has been wreaking havoc in the north of India in the years after the British left the subcontinent. It has recently shifted its activities southward, with an Indian army offensive now underway to defeat them for good.

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• Civil War: The Republic of India and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh start off in a civil war after Savarkar‘s RSS rose up in the name of the Hindu nationalist philosophy of Hindutva.

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

Role: Country Leader

Party: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh^note National Volunteer Organization

Ideology: Reactionary Nationalism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Princely State of Hyderabad

Official Name: Princely State of Hyderabad

Ruling Party: House of Asaf Jahi

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

A land-locked princely state in the south of India that gained independence upon the withdrawal of the British.

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Mir Olsman Ali Khan

Role: Monarch^note Country Leader

Party: House of Asaf Jahi

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Kingdom of Mysore

Official Name: Kingdom of Mysore

Ruling Party: Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

Another princely state in the south of India that gained independence upon the withdrawal of the British.

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Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar

Role: Country Leader

Party: Barakzai Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Socialist Republic of Bengal

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Bengal

Ruling Party: Awami League

Ideology: Democratic Socialism^note Socialism

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Role: Country Leader

Party: Awami League

Ideology: Democratic Socialism^note Socialism

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Kingdom of Nepal

Official Name: Kingdom of Nepal

Ruling Party: House of Gorkha

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

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Tribhuvan

Role: Country Leader

Party: House of Gorkha

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

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Kingdom of Sikkim

Official Name: Kingdom of Sikkim

Ruling Party: Namgyal' Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

A small princely state in the Himalayas that is completely surrounded by its neighbours.

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Tashi Namgyal

Role: Country Leader

Party: Namgyal' Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Tashi Namgyal, born in 1893 on the Himilayan mountains with a history of accidental secession. His Half Brother was crowned as King of Sikkim on February 11th of 1914 but died of heart failure on the 5th of December 1914. Tashi Namgyal was named successor of Sikkim, he was crowned by the 13th Dalai Lama. In 1918 He had 6 children but one of them died after being shot down by a Japanese aircraft.

Tashi seeks to have closer relations with India and peace with the nations surrounding his little kingdom.

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Kingdom of Bhutan

Official Name: Kingdom of Bhutan

Party: Wangchuck Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Jigme Wangchuck

Role: Country Leader

Party: Wangchuck Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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• We Hardly Knew Ye: The second King of Bhutan, formally known as the Druk Gyalpo, (Dragon King), Jigme dies just days from game start, and is succeeded by his son, Jigme Dorji.

Jigme Dorji Wangchuck

Role: Country Leader

Party: Wangchuck Dynasty

Ideology: Monarchism^note Paternal Autocracy

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Andaman Islands

Official Name: Andaman Islands

Ruling Party: National

Ideology: National Conservatism^note Conservatism

The Andaman Islands can be formed as a self-ruled nation-state for the Anglo-Indians by the United Kingdom.

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• Allohistorical Allusion: The plan for the United Kingdom to retain the Andaman Islands and form an Anglo-Indian nation-state existed in OTL but never materialized and the islands were transferred to India.

Frank Anthony

Role: Country Leader

Party: National

Ideology: National Conservatism^note Conservatism

Nicobar Islands

Official Name: Nicobar Islands

Ruling Party: NA

Ideology: Social Conservatism^note Conservatism

The Nicobar Islands can be formed as a self-ruled nation-state for the Anglo-Burmans by the United Kingdom.

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• Allohistorical Allusion: The plan for the United Kingdom to retain the Nicobar Islands and form an Anglo-Burman nation-state existed in OTL but never materialized and the islands were transferred to India.

John Richardson

Role: Country Leader

Party: NA

Ideology: Social Conservatism^note Conservatism

United Suvadive Republic

Official Name: United Suvadive Republic

Ruling Party: Parliament

Ideology: Social Conservatism^note Conservatism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: The United Suvadive Republic was an OTL breakaway state from the Maldives which existed from 1958 to 1963.

Abdullah Afeef

Role: Country Leader

Party: Parliament

Ideology: Social Conservatism^note Conservatism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: Abdullah Afeef was the first and only leader of the United Suvadive Republic IOTL.

East Asia

Republic of China

Official Name: Republic of China

Ruling Party: Chinese Nationalist Party^note Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng/Kuomintang

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

When the Reich conquered the Soviet Union, Communist China's most ardent supporter fell apart, leaving them exposed and vulnerable. The KMT seized the opportunity to finally crush the revolution, and once again seize absolute power in the Middle Kingdom. Despite their victory, Chiang's popularity with both the people and those in power is plummeting, the economy is failing, and the army, one with numbers to rival that of even Germany and America, is torn apart by corruption and the ever present cliques. While the Kuomintang will forever hold onto their rule in China, the head of such an organization is still up for (a potentially very violent) debate.

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• But Thou Must!: Conflict with Vietnam is inevitable for China, since it's impossible to unlock the rest of the political tree without declaring war on them first. Whether the player actually wins the conflict is what decides if they will continue to have Chiang Kai-Shek as their leader or not.
• In Spite of a Nail: Despite Mao not being in power, the great famines of China still happen.
• People's Republic of Tyranny: China's republic is a sham democracy where martial law is declared for a "indefinite" amount of time and where Chiang is President for Life.
• Shocking Defeat Legacy: All of China's paths which involve leaders aside from Chiang Kai-Shek involve Chinese defeat in Vietnam.
• Violence is the Only Option: Whether they win or lose, going to war with Vietnam is the only way to access the rest of China's focus tree after a certain point.

Chiang Kai-shek

Role: President^note Country Leader

Party: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng/Kuomintang^note Chinese Nationalist Party

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Leader of the Republic of China, victor of the Chinese Civil War and the War of National Liberation, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-she has done many great things, from subjugating the warlords to purging the communist. He fought against the Japanese in a long, brutal war, and won, retaking Chinese land in the North yet costing him millions of men. However, with every blow dealt, he becomes weaker. The Xibei Si Ma threatens to tear the fragile Republic apart, and Communists sent outside the country aspire t eventually return and take back China. As threats from all sides loom over the ROC, The Red General, victor of many wars, may not win the next one.

The ruler of China since the civil war. Though to the outside world he remains the supreme dictator of China, his power is in reality quite fragmented between the various cliques of the KMT, as usual. His gambit to secure absolute power-that being the invasion of Vietnam-is most likely to fail, and thus throw both his leadership and all of China into chaos.

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• The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek◊ is a military dictator who maintains an indefinite martial law to purge the socialists and remove his opponents. He will build a Cult of Personality, make himself President for Life, and eventually try to implement dynastic politics and make China a Hereditary Republic with the Chiang family in power forever.

Tropes Pertaining to the Rework

In-Game Biography (Legislative Yuan) ^{Click to Show} Director-General of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek's legendary status needs no introduction. While he is revered by most members in the party as an almighty leader, cracks have been surfacing in this constructed image due to the renewed factionalism within the KMT. Regardless, Chiang Kai-shek remains a unifying figure of the Nationalists.

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• The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek is the authoritarian leader of the entrenched KMT party-state governing the Republic of China.

Chen Cheng

^{Chen Cheng as a General} 

Role: General, Country Leader

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Followers of Chen Cheng from both the military and the political sphere, Chen Cheng's long history as Chiang's right-hand man has garnered him much clout within the party. From this, Chen Cheng has a group of loyal supporters and supportive associates scattered across the existing political system, from military personnel of the Tu Mu Clique (11th Division-18th Army), the agents of an alleged "Research Clique", to simple politicians that have simply curried favour with Chen Cheng. As a result of this loose loyalty to Chen Cheng and partly due to Chen Cheng's own personality, this clique is also flexible in terms of accepting collaboration with non-extremist beliefs.

While the Chen Cheng Clique has successfully maintained relevance and even expanded since its Tu Mu days, Chen Cheng is locked in a struggle with Chiang Ching-kuo for the invaluable prospect of becoming the ones to succeed Chiang Kai-shek.

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• Internal Reformist: If he comes to power, he will begin a series of moderate reforms to liberalize the Republic and put it on the path to true democracy. These include land reform, fighting incompetence and corruption in the bureaucracy, instituting labor laws, negotiating with student leaders, and lifting martial law. When his reforms are completed, China’s political regime law will change to “Institutionalized Democracy”.
• Passing the Torch: In the aftermath of Chiang's house arrest, Chen Cheng will mobilize his troops in an attempt to free Chiang. Chiang can calm Chen down and allow elections for a new President, or instead propose that Chen take over for him as Interim President. Chen and the Central Committee of the KMT will accept the proposal and Chen will be sworn in.

Tropes Pertaining to the Rework

Role: General, Leader of the Chen Cheng Clique, Country Leader

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Followers of Chen Cheng from both the military and the political sphere, Chen Cheng's long history as Chiang's right-hand man has garnered him much clout within the party. From this, Chen Cheng has a group of loyal supporters and supportive associates scattered across the existing political system, from military personnel of the Tu Mu Clique (11th Division-18th Army), the agents of an alleged "Research Clique", to simple politicians that have simply curried favour with Chen Cheng. As a result of this loose loyalty to Chen Cheng and partly due to Chen Cheng's own personality, this clique is also flexible in terms of accepting collaboration with non-extremist beliefs.

While the Chen Cheng Clique has successfully maintained relevance and even expanded since its Tu Mu days, Chen Cheng is locked in a struggle with Chiang Ching-kuo for the invaluable prospect of becoming the ones to succeed Chiang Kai-shek.

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• The Dragon: Chen Cheng is described in a teaser as Chiang Kai-shek's longtime right-hand man.

Chen Lifu

Party: Kuomintang – Central Club Faction

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Chen Lifu spent most of his early life as a typical intellectual with a promising future in fields of engineering, having no interest in politics. However, his brother Chen Guofu fully devoted himself in the business of politics, and eventually used his close ties with Chiang to gain the position of Confidential Secretary for Chen Lifu, pushing Chen Lifu into the inner circle at a relatively young age.

Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu were considered the masters of the Central Club, known by others as the CC Clique, and while Chen Guofu had the most amount of political capital and led the CC Clique into prominent status, his worsening illness and eventual death in 1951 elevated Chen Lifu's status. While Chen Lifu has retained his lack of interest in over-the-top politicking, he has sworn to pick up the legacy of his older brother, and has fully committed himself to the role of a politician.

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• An Offer You Can't Refuse: If elected, Chen will blackmail Chiang Wei-kuo into subservience, with evidence that he is actually not a biological son of, but actually the half-Japanese adoptee of, former President Chiang Kai-shek. Chen will also seek to blackmail the former President's biological son, Ching-kuo, for his 'less than savory activities.'
• Conspicuously Public Assassination: Fearing his power and influence, and seen as a possible rival, General Chen Cheng will be assassinated on the orders of Chen Lifu and the Central Club Faction, while giving a speech in Nanjing.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: President of the Legislative Yuan, Leader of the Central Club Clique

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Zhang Qun

Party: Kuomintang – Political Science Faction

Ideology: Conservative Liberalism^note Liberalism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Zhang Qun studied in the Baoding Military Academy, but soon studied military in Japan. There, he became the schoolmate of Chiang Kai-shek, later on, taking part in many of the internal conflicts that occurred in China.

Other than military, Zhang Qun also took part in politics, becoming the Mayor of Shanghai by 1930, Chief of Hubei by 1932 and eventually, the Security Commander of Sichuan. After the Second Sino-Japanese War, Zhang Qun took part in various multinational diplomatic conferences under the orders of Chiang, at the same time, he slowly solidified the Political Science Clique's position within the Central Government, using his experience in politics to ensure the prosperity of his faction and himself, ultimately taking the position of Chiang Kai-shek's successor.

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• Realpolitik: In an effort to keep on good terms with the US, Zhang will do what it takes to cover up Chinese corruption, embezzlement, illicit surveillance, and technological theft against America. The potential Chinese whistleblower will be killed in auto accident, determined by police to be just a victim of drunk driving.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: Leader of the New Political Science Clique

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Dai Li

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• Cincinnatus: Shockingly enough, Dai Li can genuinely restore Chiang Kai-shek into power, which switches the Chinese focus tree back to his rule.
• Deadly Gas: Dai Li, taking direct inspiration from Hitler, uses this against his political dissidents.
  • Gas Chamber: Specifically how he destroys the last threat to his regime, that being the student protestors. And you thought running them over with tanks was bad...
• Dragonin Chief: Dai Li serves as this kind of dragon to Chiang Wei-kuo, installing him as the on-paper ruler of China while he holds on to the real power.
• Kill It with Fire: Dai Li decides the best way to handle separatism in Taiwan is to level the island with napalm bombs.
• Realpolitik: Dai Li is an isolationist, and will not seek to antagonize the US in anyway. Chinese officials have been involved in embezzlement, illicit surveillance, and technological theft against America. The potential Chinese whistleblower will be killed in auto accident, determined by police to be just a victim of drunk driving.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: Head of the Intelligence Bureau

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Formerly known as the Juntong (Military Commission) of the National Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, the Intelligence Bureau under Dai Li serves as Chiang Kai-shek's most loyal secret agents, performing discreet tasks in accordance to Chiang's wishes. On top of this unwavering loyalty to Chiang, Dai Li has turned the agency into a ruthless "Anti-Communist Patriotic" base, encouraging agents to use whatever means necessary to extinguish the forever-present Communist threat in China.

Precisely due to these almost religious devotions, Dai Li's Bureau has made many enemies. First and foremost, all "democratic" elements inside and outside of the Kuomintang are viewed with great suspicion, as Dai Li has determined that all this talk of "democracy" is simply regurgitating Pro-Communist sentiments, leading to the Bureau's decision to deploy heavy surveillance on liberal politicians. Secondly, these espionage and "counter-espionage" actions are usually performed illegaly and politically driven, causing constant friction between Dai Li's politicized enforcers and the conventionally trained officers Police (the Academy Clique led by Li Shizhen). Lastly, historical grudges between Juntong and the CC-controlled Zhongtong (Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics) has also resulted in hostility towards the CC Clique.

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• The Spymaster: As shown in a teaser, Dai Li is still the Head of the ROC's intelligence service.

Li Huang

Party: Young China Party^note Zhōngguó Qīngnián Dǎng

Ideology: National Conservatism^note Conservatism

Leader of the Young China Party.

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• Democracy Is Flawed: If Zhang Qun of the Political Science Faction won the Presidential election, he will need an opposition so his new government will at least look democratic from the outside. After jailing or forcing opposition me members on the run, Zhang will prop up Li Huang and his Young China Party with monetary incentives, amnesty for jailed members, and easing of electoral restrictions.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A former exchange student in France, Li Huang has always been a firm opponent of Marxism. Along with Zeng Qi, they co-founded the Young China Party in Paris, returning to China in 1924. Li worked tirelessly against the influence of Communism in China, pushing his beliefs of "Statism" while also spending much of his time in anti-Japanese activities.

After Zeng Qi died in 1951, Li Huang became the obvious successor of the YCP leadership. He has expressed his intentions of increasing the electability of the YCP and continued advocacy of "Statism" in China.

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Li Zongren

Party: Kuomintang – Guangxi Clique

Ideology: National Conservativism^note Conservativism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Li Zongren started his life as a village boy, later entering military service under Warlord Cai E and graduated from the Guilin Military Cadre Training School, becoming a platoon commander in the army of Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting by 1916.

Li Zongren's rise to power is intertwined with the Old Guangxi Clique and the rise of Kuomintang, later serving as the warlord of Guangxi, administrating the region with great efficiency. At one point, he declared clear opposition against Chiang's rule, even fighting a brief conflict with the Central Government. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Li Zongren distinguished himself with his strong doctrines and military capability. Afterwards, Li Zongren served high positions within the Government, at one point becoming the Vice President, later resigning due to rumored conflicts with the Generalissimo.

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• Internal Reformist: If elected President, Li will declare a new Fourth Republic of China, and work to purge the government of corruption, and the cult of Chiang Kai-shek, dismantle the Cliques, reshuffle the bureaucracy, and hold peace talks with the insurgent exiled Communist Party. Failure to successfully reform will see him killed and his government toppled.

Chiang Wei-kuo

Party: The Practical Society of the Three Principles of the People (Blueshirts)

Ideology: Fascism

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• Puppet King: If Dai Li keeps power for himself, he may later on step down and allow for the election of Chiang Wei-kuo as President. Dai still holds all the power and Chiang will be nothing for than a rubber stamp.

He Yingqin

Party: Huangpu Clique

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A native of Guizhou, He Yingqin is the model revolutionary military leader that witnessed China's transformation through the eras. He became acquainted with his fellow student Chiang Kai-shek when studying in Japan, and studied most of his military skills from Imperial Japan.

Holding a position in the officer rank since 1916, He Yingqin was appointed the General Instructor of Whampoa Military Academy, slowly climbing his way to a high position within the National Revolutionary Army. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, He Yingqin was appointed the Chief of Staff and worked closely with the Generalissimo on developing military strategies, reaching the peak of his career and granting him a great amount of power to become one of the leaders in the Huangpu Clique.

After the war and the following resuming of the Civil War, He Yingqin maintained his high status within the government and the military, later on becoming the leader of China after years and years of anticipation.

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• Military Coup: If, during the elections for a new Chairman of the KMT and President of the Republic, the Central Committee decides to disarm the Tu Mu Clique instead of doing it politically, the military, led by He and his Huangpu Clique can oust the Central Committee and proclaim He President.

Xiong Shihui

Party: Kuomintang – Political Science Faction

Ideology: National Liberalism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Xiong Shihui graduated from Baoding Military Academy in 1915 and later finished his military education in Japan by 1924.

Xiong Shihui was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the Chief of Jiangxi in 1931, and from that point onward he crawled his way into the core of the political system. During this time, Xiong Shihui has slowly became a prominent member of the Political Science Clique, serving in the Northeast after the Second Sino-Japanese War before being replaced by Chen Cheng's Dongbei Authority.

With Zhang Qun, Xiong Shihui has managed to expand the Political Science Clique, and later using his character and influence to become the leader, and eventually - the President of the Republic of China.

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• Realpolitik: In an effort to keep on good terms with the US, Xiong will do what it takes to cover up Chinese corruption, embezzlement, illicit surveillance, and technological theft against America. The potential Chinese whistleblower will be killed in auto accident, determined by police to be just a victim of drunk driving.

Wang Shijie

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Wang Shijie is an intellectual, an expert on scholaring, economics, political science and legal studies. Therefore, with these equalities, Wang was able to become an influential member of the Chinese government. But most importantly, Wang’s political philosophy is closely aligned with constitutionalism, making him a valuable associate of the Political Science Faction.

Wang is an intellectual, and can be elected President when the Political Science Faction leader resigns.

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• Authority in Name Only: While Wang can be elected President after the Political Science Candidate resigns due to massive protests, the position of President is turned into a solely symbolic one. The real power will still lay with the former President who will take on the newly created office of Chancellor.

Jiang Menglin

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A well-respected educator, Jiang Menglin was the principle of multiple universities and a minister. He was regarded as part of the political class’ intellectual elite, his inoffensiveness character combined with the government’s respect towards him has made him into a suitable figurehead of a new China.

Jiang is an educator, and can be elected President when the Political Science Faction leader resigns.

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• Authority in Name Only: While Jiang can be elected President after the Political Science Candidate resigns due to massive protests, the position of President is turned into a solely symbolic one. The real power will still lay with the former President who will take on the newly created office of Chancellor.

Carsun Chang

Party: China Democratic Socialist Party

Ideology: Democratic Socialism

Chang is a leader of the opposition China Democratic Socialist Party if Zhang Qun was elected President after Chiang is forced out.

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• Democracy Is Flawed: If Zhang Qun of the Political Science Faction won the Presidential election, he will need an opposition so his new government will at least look democratic from the outside. After jailing or forcing opposition me members on the run, Zhang will prop up Carsun Chang and his China Democratic Socialist Party with monetary incentives, amnesty for jailed members, and easing of electoral restrictions.

Tropes Pertaining to the Rework

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• Emergency Authority: At the start of the Second Chinese Civil War, the KMT government will introduce a ban on several political parties deemed to collude with the communists.
• History Repeats: The Chinese Civil War pitting the Nationalists against the Communists may be renewed.
• Secret Police: As teased, the Intelligence Bureau is officially politically neutral but its ties to the Kuomintang and its leader Dai Li's anti-democratic positions are known. The Bureau works to disrupt the activities of boh communist and pro-democracy activists and organizations.
• We ARE Struggling Together: In a teaser, China's politics are divided between rival cliques, some with bitter oppositions to one another. Notably, the Chen Cheng and Princeling Cliques are vying for who is the most legitimate successor to the aging Chiang Kai-shek.

Sun Fo

Role: Leader of the Sun Fo Clique, Vice-President^note Figurehead, Country Leader

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} To many, Sun Fo has always been quite the disappointment compared to his father, Dr.Sun Yat-sen.

Ideologically, Sun Fo is an open liberal, best demonstrated by his leadership in the "End party rule, return power to the people" Five-Five Drafted Constitution movement in the 1930s as Legislative Yuan President, to his moderately successful "Democracy World" quarterly magazine (which has been publishing since 1944). In addition, Sun Fo also enjoyed quite a popular liberal image during the 1940s, spearheading the many constitutional discussions between the Kuomintang and the many Tangwai representatives.

In spite of these efforts, Sun Fo never really gained a loyal following, this shifted somewhat after Sun Fo was elected Vice President, allowing Sun Fo to regroup a moderately sized clique of moderate elements within the party.

Unfortunately, Sun Fo's overly cautious position and his "lifestyle choices" (the Lan Ni Affair was exposed shortly prior to his Vice Presidential bid) have handicapped his broader appeal, with younger generations of Kuomintang Reformists viewing Vice President Sun Fo as a "spineless swindler" representing a fake strata of out-of-touch swin party elites that harbour liberal values.

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• Broken Pedestal: As described in a teaser, Sun Fo is largely considered a disappointment compared to his late father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

Chiang Ching-kuo

Role: Leader of the Princeling Clique, Country Leader

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Centered around Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Kai-shek, the so called "Princeling Clique" prides itself in being the dedicated followers and associates of Chiang Ching-kuo, all united in the belief that Chiang Ching-kuo would inevitably succeed Chiang Kai-shek and become a great national leader. Generally speaking, the Princeling Clique has its main supporters within the various "political warfare" departments and party pragmatists. And as the son of Chiang Kai-shek, the Princelings also enjoy a natural advantage in terms of competitiveness and credibility.

Despite Chiang Ching-kuo's familial ties however, the Princelings have found opposition within the party, namely Chen Cheng and the Western-minded circle around Madame Chiang (Soong Mei-ling). This conflict was a result of the perceptions that Chen Cheng is cunningly plotting to become president, while Madame Chiang herself and her cronies are attempting to fortify the interests of China's affluent elites (namely the Kung-Soong).

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Yu Youren

Role: President of the Control Yuan

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Soong Mei-ling

Role: Leader of the Madame Clique

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Madame Chiang, Soong Mei-ling holds a considerable amount of influence in China's politics. While Soong Mei-ling herself might be disinterested in attaining higher political positions, her "clique" is the result of careful decisions in preserving her and her family's power. Generally speaking, members of the Madame Clique have usually received their tertiary education in a foreign country (mostly the United States), and thus are more likely to be supportive of "liberal" ideas, resulting in a notable overlapping between the Madame Clique, New Political Science, and the various Reformist groups within the Kuomintang. The most prominent member of the Madame Clique is the Mayor of Shanghai, Wu Guozhen (K.C Wu), who also is a prominent figure in New Political Science.

Ideologically speaking, while a Western education might increase the likelihood of a member being "liberal", another characteristic of this clique is that most of its members were appointed to their positions thanks to Madame Chiang's recommendation or served close to Madame Chiang, meaning that ultimately, the Madame Clique is, in practice, only a ring of defenders for Soong Mei-ling against radical reforms, with its liberal-leanings merely an unintended byproduct.

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• Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!: As mentioned in a teaser, most members of the Madame Clique attained their position thanks to Soong Mei-ling's patronage.

Fu Rulin

Role: Leader of the New Western Hills Group

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Zhu Jiahua

Role: Leader of the Zhu Jiahua Clique

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} With membership concentrated in China's education system and the Central Party's secretariat institutions, the Zhu Jiahua Clique was carved out of the Central Club. While Zhu Jiahua and his clique were on the brink of complete irrelevency, recent political developments within the Kuomintang has allowed Zhu Jiahua yet another meteoric rise in influence, perhaps strategically encouraged by "some actors" to challenge the Central Club.

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Kang Ze

Role: Operational Leader of the 20th Century Society Study Club

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Liang Shuming

Party: China Democratic League^note Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Tóngméng

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A philosopher, a rural reconstruction activist, an educator, a politician, and most importantly, a patriot. Perhaps Liang Shuming could be described as a modern Chinese "philosopher king", since he has dabbled in both philosophy and public affairs.

In philosophy, Liang served as a specialist on Indian philosophy and is regarded as an early proponent of New Confucianism. In public affairs, Liang actively participated in the Rural Reconstruction Movement by establishing schools and developments in the hopes of achieving "village rule". Most importantly however, Liang was one of the co-founders of the China Democratic League, serving as the league's Secretary General. While Zhang Lan remained the Chairman of CDL, Liang's role within the CDL significantly increased after he successfully steered the CDL away from total commitment to the CPC, saving the CDL from complete destruction by association. Since then, Zhang Lan has retired from active politics, and Liang has been exercising his novice, scholarly ideas within the League.

Leader of the China Democratic League, an opposition party and coalition.

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Zhang Junmai

Party: China Democratic Socialist Party^note Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Shèhuìdǎng

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} An early believer of Chinese Constitutionalism and also a philosopher, Zhang Junmai is famous for two things - the drafting of the 1947 Republic of China Constitution and starting the 1923-1924 Xuanxue-Scientism Controversy. Furthermore, Zhang founded the China National Socialist Party, then became one of the co-founders of the China Democratic League and leader of the merged China Democratic Socialist Party.

Zhang's political ideology has been described as a hybrid of New Confucianism and "Weimar German-style" social democracy, advocating for the socialisation of key industries and mixed economy similar to that of German leader Philipp Scheidemann. Despite being a key figure in the 1947 Constitution, Zhang openly favours a Five Yuan parliamentary system over the 1947-style presidential system.

Leader of the China Democratic Socialist Party, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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Xu Deheng

Party: Scientific Democratic Party^note Kexue Mínzhudang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Xu Deheng was a student leader in the May Fourth Movement. In 1920, Xu studied overseas in France and earned his master's degree. In 1927, Xu returned to China and became a teacher in Guangzhou, then Wuhan. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Xu became the general secretary of the National Revolutionary Army's political department. In 1944, Xu, alongside fellow intellectuals, organised the "Democracy and Science Forum", later being elected to serve as the Chairman of the reformed Scientific Democratic Party.

Leader of the Scientific Democratic Party, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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• Action Politician: Xu Deheng was the general secretary of the National Revolutionary Army's political department during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
• Allohistorical Allusion: The Scientific Democratic Party is essentially TWR's version of the OTL Jiusan Society.

Shen Junru

Party: All-China Progressive Party^note Zhonghua Jinbu Dang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A former Jinshi, Shen Junru specialised in legal studies, and is also a proponent of human rights in China. Most notably, Shen was one of the famous "Seven Gentlemen", a group of educated patriots that were arrested by the Nationalist Government prior to to their release due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the war, Shen engaged with the patriotic groups, served as the Chairman of the National Salvation Federation of All Circles, and was one of the co-founders of the China Democratic League.

Currently, Shen is a vocal proponent for Chinese patriotism and modern legal reforms. He has also expressed his support for education and human rights development in China.

Leader of the All-China Progressive Party, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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Li Jinsi

Party: China Teachers Students Association^note Zhongguo Jiaoshi Xusheng Xiehui

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Li Linsi is a model intellectual. Having studied in Shanghai Tongji University, the Tokyo Sophia University, attaining a master's degree from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, then a doctorate from the Heidelberg University. Besides his professional knowledge in legal studies and philosophy, he is also well-versed in political science, pedagogy, military science, English, French, and Russian. Due to his learnt status and experiences in Germany, Li also became involved with the Chinese diplomatic scene and the development of Sino-German relationship in the 1930s.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Li remained "Island Shanghai" (Before 1941, the unoccupied Shanghai foreign concessions) and taught in the Jinan University, focusing on patriotic education amongst this students. After Japan occupied the whole of Shanghai, Li adopted his strategy of "Nonviolent Noncooperation", staying in Shanghai while refusing to collaborate with the Japanese. Ever since then, Li became a national figure. While he was nominated and accepted to serve as Chairman of the China Teachers Students Association, this has largely been symbolic, since Li is dedicating most of his time on teaching.

Leader of the China Teachers Students Association, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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Little Assembly

Party: United Minorities List^note Lianhe Shaosuu Minzu Mingdan

Informal committee forming the collective leadership of the United Minorities List, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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Wang Xiaohe

Party: Labour Party^note Gongdang: Reformed from the United Association of Chinese Labourers, the Labour Party serves as the united political front of the Independent National Confederation of Labour Unions, a national platform for non-KMT labour unions. Modelled after the British Labour Party and the French Section of the Workers' International, the Labour Party has maintained the original views of the UACL, with only adjustments to provide the group with a more rigid party structure. This entire reformation of the group was deemed to be necessary in order to increase political capital for the sake of advancing organised labour in China.
While it is rumoured that Communists have meddled in the reformation of the UACL, the Labour Party has insisted that it is and will remain an independent organisation.

Leader of the Labour Party, an opposition party.

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Zhou Hongjing

Party: China Liberal Party^note Zhongguo Ziyoudang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Zhou Hongjing is both a mathematician and an educator. Zhou received his master's degree in London University and then returned to China and served in the National Central University. In 1948, he was appointed President of the NCU and was led fres elected to serve in the Legislative Yuan as a member of the Educational Groups category. In 1951, Zhou was invited to chair the newly created China Liberal Party, while he has personally declared that he harbours no personal resentment towards the Kuomintang, his decision to lead the CLP is due to his hope of reforming China into a modern country.

Leader of the China Liberal Party, an opposition party.

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Zhang Bojun

Party: Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party^note Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhudang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Former member of the Communist Party of China, Zhang Bojun studied in the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he would befriend Deng Yanda. In 1926, Zhang returned to China and worked in the Sun Yat-sen University. Later on, he joined the National Revolutionary Army in the Northern Expedition but fled to Hong Kong after the failed Nanchang Uprising. Zhang, alongside Deng, formed the "Third Party", and would participate in the Fujian Incident and the Fujian People's Government. Zhang would later serve in the "National Senate" as the leader of the Action Committee during the Second Sino-Japanese War, he would later refound the organisation into the CPWDP.

Leader of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, an opposition party and part of the China Democratic League coalition.

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Chen Qiyou

Party: China Zhi Gong Party^note Zhongguo Zhìgongdang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Initially serving as Chen Jiongming's secretary, Chen Qiyou joined the Zhi Gong Party at British Hong Kong in 1931. Chen became Zhi Gong Party's chairman in 1949 after the previous leader, Li Jishen, stepped down. Since then, Chen has been operating the CZGP in Hong Kong, while still being wanted by the National Government.

Leader of the China Zhi Gong Party, an opposition party operating from Hong Kong due to its ban by the government.

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Situ Meitang

Party: Hongmen Democratic Party^note Zhongguo Hongmen Minzhidang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Situ Meitang went to the United States for work ever in 1882, and in 1885, he joined the anti-Qing organisation "Chee Kung Tong". He founded the "On Leong Tong" in Boston, 1894, quickly becoming a renowned figure within Hongmen circles. Situ Meitang met with Dr. Sun Yat-sen and even raised funds for the Tongmenghui in in their revolution against the KMT's Northern Exon, helped against the Great Qing. Later on, Situ Meitang raise funds for China during the Sino-Japanese War. In 1946, he returned to China and co-founded the Hongmen Democratic Party but chose to leave for the States again in 1947 after receiving somewhat hostile reception from the local nationalist authorities.

Leader of the Hongmen Democratic Party, an opposition party informally banned by the government and now only active among the Chinese diaspora.

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An Jianping

Party: Chinese Young Labour Party^note Zhongguo Shaonian

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A man from Wuxi, An Jianping uses the name "An Ruoding" as his work name. In his early career, An worked with Yan Pu to form the "Lone Star Society" in Shanghai. He sided with Dr. Sun's national revolution, and once participated in the national government. An was influenced by both the ideology of Sun Yat-sen and that of communism. Around this time, he also began to publish texts on his so-called "Hero Spirit ideology", encouraging a sort of class revitalization over this "mysterious ideology". After 1931, the "Lone Star Society" was reformed into the "Soul Cast Society", a gentlemanly-warrior organisation that has incorporated both intellectual nationalism with revolutionary practices. His group was able to coordinate militia formations behind the Japanese lines during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

And in 1945, An opted to transform his organisation once again, forming the Chinese Young Labour Party.

Leader of the Chinese Young Labour Party, an opposition party.

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• Pen Name: An Jianping uses the pan name An Ruoding in his writings.

Zhang Zhizhong

Party: Chinese Nationalist Party^note Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng/Kuomintang, Republican Party^note Minguodang/Minkuotang

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Before his election to the leadership of MKT, Zhang Zhizhong was considered a black horse in Kuomintang politics.

Originally considered a mediocre general, Zhang was reassigned to Chongqing, away from command duties during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In Chongqing, he served as an important assistant to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and was a significant figure in the leadership of the Youth League.

After the war, Zhang became a notable figure for two things, his effort in brokering the peace settlement between CPC and KMT, and his appointment related to the reclamation of Xinjiang, although neither of which were actually successful (Xinjiang was only stabilised thanks to reinforcements). Despite being heavily critised for these shortfalls, Zhang was still elected a member of the National Assembly. Not long after the start of his political career, he became deeply engaged with the nation's press. Zhang spun himself as a "rational mind" and "soft critic" within the Kuomintang, managing to make a name for himself in the public consciousness. Having painted himself as a moderate patriot, Zhang was selected to become the first leader of the MKT, hoping that his fame would contribute to the party's early success.

Can become the leader of the Republican Party, a centrist split from the KMT.

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• Allohistorical Allusion: The Minkuotang is a centrist splinter from the Kuomintang in OTL as well, but founded in 2015.
• General Failure: During the Second Sino-Japanese War Zhang Zhizhong was removed from command duties due to his mediocrity as a general.
• Internal Reformist: The Minkuotang styles itself as an electoral alternative critical of the factional, corrupt and authoritarian KMT.

Sheng Shicai

Role: Governor of Xinjiang, Leader of the Xinjiang Provincial Faction

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Lu Han

Role: Governor of Yunnan, Leader of the Yunnan Provincial Faction

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Huang Xuchu

Role: Governor of Guangxi, Leader of the Guangxi Provincial Faction

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Yan Xishan

Role: Governor of Shanxi, Leader of the Shanxi Provincial Faction

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Ma Bufang

Role: Leader of the Ma Faction

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Ma Hongkui

Role: Leader of the Ma Faction

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Kung Ling-kan

Representative of the Kung-Soong Clique.

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Wu Guozhen

Representative of the Shanghai Municipal Government.

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Pan Gongzhan

Representative of the Shanghai Elites.

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Du Yuesheng

Representative of the Criminal Underworld.

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People's Republic of China

Official Name: People's Republic of China (Civil War victory)

Ruling Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: New Line^note Revolutionary Communism

The Chinese Civil War may be renewed and this time won by the Communists, establishing the People's Republic of China.

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• Cult of Personality: The CPC maintains a cult of personality of the late Chairman Mao Zedong.
• The Exile: After losing the Civil War to the Nationalists, many Communists fled China to the safety of the Republic of India while others went underground in China and Mongolia. It is possible for them to return from exile and reignite the Chinese Civil War.
• We ARE Struggling Together: The Communist Party of China is divided by factionalism, most notably between the adherents of the New Line and the Hardliners decrying it.

Liu Shaoqui

Role: General-Secretary of the CPC, Country Leader (Renewed Chinese Civil War)

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: New Line^note Revolutionary Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Born in 1898 to a family of rich peasants, Liu Shaoqi quickly became enamoured with Marxist ideals as the Manchu Dynasty around him crumbled and decayed under the heel of Western imperialism, joining the Socialist Youth Corps in 1920. Joining the newly-formed Communist Party of China shortly after its foundation a year later, Liu quickly became a reliable party organizer, leading multiple strikes throughout the 1920s. As the CPC was forced underground by Chiang Kai-shek, Liu joined the clandestine resistance cells, called "Base Areas".

Meeting Mao Zedong eventually at the Yan'an Base Area in 1937, Liu Shaoqi became a disciple of Mao's vision for a communist China. Coordinating anti-Japanese partisans throughout the Second Sino-Japanese War, Liu quickly emerged as one of Mao's most trusted confidants. When Mao died in an unexpected plane crash, Liu was elected General Secretary by the Central Committee as it fled China to its benefactors in New Delhi.

Now finally undisputed leader of the most populous nation on the planet, the task for Liu Shaoqi and his ambitious plans for the nation are immense, and many within the party believe he is unable to fill the shoes that the late Helmsman once wore.

In-Game Biography (Legislative Yuan) ^{Click to Show} Currently residing abroad, Liu Shaoqi has served as the leader of the Chinese Communists ever since Mao Zedong's demise. From overseas, Liu has been leading the charge against the Republic, criticising every single policy while secretly regrouping the CPC overseas. Liu's ultimate goal however, is to one day challenge and usurp the KMT hegemony over China.

Leader and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, exiled to the CPC Headquarters in Calcutta.

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• You Are in Command Now: Mao's unexpected death in a plane crash thrusted Liu Shaoqui in the leadership of the entire CPC.

Zhou Enlai

Role: Vice-Chairman and Foreign Secretary of the CPC

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: New Line^note Revolutionary Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Considered the sacred second-in-command of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhou Enlai had been a revolutionary for much of his life. As director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, Zhou became a close friend of Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek until the united front eventually broke.

Becoming the second-most influential communist within the Politburo, Zhou Enlai's charisma and connections throughout China makes him the perfect face to sell the message of the CPC both within the nation and abroad.

Vice-Chairman and Foreign Secretary of the CPC, exiled to the CPC Headquarters in Calcutta.

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• The Dragon: Zhou Enlai is the second-in-command of the CPC as its Vice-Chairman.
• Red Baron: The Great Compromiser.
• The Face: Zhou Enlai's charisma and connections make him the face of the CPC.
• We Used to Be Friends: Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek used to be close friends until the Chinese United Front broke.

Xie Fuzhi

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: Maoism^note Marxism-Leninism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Joining the Communist Party in 1931, Xie Fuzhi is a rising figure in the party ranks.

As much of the CPC's leadership died at the end of the first Chinese Civil War, Xie proved himself to Chairman Liu as a commissar extremely proficient in enforcing discipline during the chaos that engulfed the party for years.

A fanatically dedicated disciple of Mao, he has made it no secret of his contempt for "right-deviationism" and "neo-capitalist roaders" that he believes is corrupting the communist party.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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• The Political Officer: Xie Fuzhi is a political commissar of the CPC.

Chen Boda

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: Maoism^note Marxism-Leninism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Chen Boda had been a schoolteacher before becoming radicalized by the tumultuous Warlord Era, joining the Communist Party in in 1927.

Becoming a widely known and feared figure in the party as a chief leader of Mao's Yan'an Rectification Movement, Chen Boda is considered the chief interpreter of Mao Zedong Thought.

As head propagandist for the CPC, Chen Boda is known for his frequent usage of Mao Zedong's image as a brave commander-in-chief unceremoniously murdered by individualist liberal traitors.

He is known to have a stammer in his speech and a heavy Fujian accent, as well as a history of frequent bouts of extreme depression; something many see as a liability to the party.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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• Propaganda Machine: Chen Boda is the chief propagandist of the CPC.

Deng Xiaoping

Role: General

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: New Line^note Revolutionary Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Meeting Chinese communists while working abroad in France, Deng Xiaoping had returned to China as a faithful Marxist.

Leading multiple unsuccessful military campaigns against the Nationalist government, Deng quickly became a close friend of Mao Zedong during the party's infamous Long March. Becoming a notable figure by leading successful guerilla campaigns against the Japanese, he became one of the most powerful figures in the party following Mao's unexpected demise.

As one of Liu Shaoqi's closest allies, Deng Xiaoping advocates for moderate economic and social policies in what he believes to be the most sensible plan for the construction of a model Chinese socialist state.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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Chen Yun

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Ideology: New Line^note Revolutionary Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Emerging as an underground union organizer and communist press writer, Chen Yun became one of Mao's closest allies as an economic organizer when the party's finances were in their most dire hours.

When Liu Shaoqi became Chairman of the party, Chen Yun's principal economic theory, the famous "bird-cage", became official policy.

Believing that a delicate balance between an economic plan that is neither too restrictive nor too lax, Chen Yun's "bird-cage" is undeniably similar to the principles of a state-controlled market economy, known as dirigisme.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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Lin Biao

Role: Field Marshal

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The son of a rich merchant, Lin Biao first became enamoured with the ideas of communism while studying under Zhou Enlai at Whampoa Military Academy in 1925. Quickly befriending Mao during the Long March, his perspective on Marxism-Leninism would be sculpted into the ideal Maoist general by the Great Helmsman.

Nearly dying after being shot in the head in an accident, Lin spent most of the Eight Year War of Resistance receiving treatment in the Soviet Union, his physical and mental health deteriorated significantly as the CCP were forced into exile. In spite of his constant bouts of ill health, Lin Biao replaced the late Zhu De as the party's principal military commander.

Despite his frequent absenteeism, Lin Biao's military successes during the Second Chinese Civil War has made him a war hero hailed by both party officials and the public alike.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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• Action Politician: Lin Biao is the main military commander of the CPC and a member of its Politburo.
• WarHero: He will become hailed as a war hero for his actions during the Second Chinese Civl War.

Gao Gang

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Earning fame for his guerilla activities during the Long March, Gao Gang is a believer in the strict orthodox interpretation of Mao Zedong Thought. A competent administrator, Gao's methods for "encouraging" workers and peasants have proven to be far less popular, however.

Miraculously surviving an assassination attempt by Nationalist agents during the party's Calcutta exile in 1950, Gao is convinced that he is now destined to be one of China's most powerful communists.

Member of the Politburo of the CPC.

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• Assassination Attempt: He miraculously escaped one by Nationalist agents with his life in 1950.

Outer Mongolia Committee

Official Name: Outer Mongolia Committee

Ruling Party: Tongyī Wěiyuánhuì^note Unity Committee

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

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• Curb-Stomp Battle: Without the aid of the Soviet Union, Mongolia was quickly forced to capitulate to the invading Republic of China.
• Occupiers Out of Our Country: Chinese and Mongolian Communists are fighting an insurgency against the Chinese Nationalist occupation.

Yu Ching-tang

Role: Chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission^note Country Leader

Party: Tongyī Wěiyuánhuì^note Unity Committee

Ideology: Paternal Autocracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Having studied in Shanghai, the United States, and the Soviet Union, Yu Ching-tang is the model definition of a decent statesman.

Joining the Kuomintang in 1923, Yu participated in the KMT's early struggle against warlords and became an active figure in central party politics. Yu held influential roles within the party, such as a teacher on economics for the party school and a member of the central committee. Due to this activeness in the heart of the KMT, Yu naturally became a core functionary of the CC Clique.

In 1934, Yu was appointed to oversee civil affairs in his birthplace - Jiangsu. There, he enacted important and effective reforms, such as banning opium, local autonomy, and bringing thousands of jobs for the local workers. While Yu backed the United Front during the War of Resistance, he remained loyal to the KMT, and in 1950, Yu was appointed Chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission, which meant that Yu was now in charge of the transition in the recently liberated Outer Mongolia.

While many locals protested Yu's appointment, many have realised that Yu's appointment is most likely just a brief scene in the internal struggle unfolding in the KMT.

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Ulanhu

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

CPC Military Commissioner of the CPC-MAKhN Revolutionary Base.

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Dashiin Damba

Party: Communist Party of China^note Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng

Provisional General-Secretary of the MAKhN of the CPC-MAKhN Revolutionary Base.

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Tibet

^{Flag of the Himalayan Republic} 

^{Flag of the Soviet State of Himalaya} 

Official Name: Tibet, Tibetan Autonomous State Government (China Autonomy Path), Himalayan Republic (Indian Puppet Path), Soviet State of Himalaya (Air Force Coup Path)

Party: Yellow Hat

Ideology: Theocracy^note Paternal Autocracy

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• The Theocracy: The Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of the Gelug (Yellow Hat) school of Tibetan Buddhism, is also the leader of the government of Tibet.
• Voluntary Vassal: Hoping that submitting directly to China will result in it sparing Tibet much trouble, one of the two outcomes to this agreement will see Tibet becoming an autonomous province of China as the Tibetan Autonomous State Government.
• Puppet State: If Jayaprakash Narayan won the Indian General Election and declared the Union of Indian Soviet Republics, he will set his sights upon Tibet for a new ally against China. After occupying Tibet, he will establish the Himalayan Republic as an Indian puppet government.

Tenzin Gyatso

Role: Country Leader

Party: Yellow Hat

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Born Lhamo Thondup, the 14th Dalai Lama represents a new era of Tibetan politics. Traditionally believed to be the reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama, the current Dalai Lama is marked by his youthfulness and intellect.

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Geshe Sherab Gyatso

Role: Country Leader (China Autonomy Path)

Party: Tibet Improvement Party

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Himalayan Council

Role: Country Leader (Indian Puppet State)

Party: United Himalayan Party

Ideology: Radical Socialism^note Socialism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The Established in co-operation with the Indian government, the Himalayan Council acts as the primary organ of power for the Himalayan Republic. Comprised of representatives from all cultures and people of the Himalayan Republic, the Council is considered by many as a revolutionary form of government, similar to the Soviets of the Soviet Union. Among its members are figures such as the 14th Dalai Lama, Pushpa Lal Shrestha and many others. While under close co-operation with India, many use caution when meeting with the Council, with many fearing the strings being operated by the Indian government.

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Red Wing Commissariat

Role: Country Leader (Air Force Coup)

Party: Red Wings

Ideology: Stalinism^note Marxism-Leninism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The Himalayan Airforce Commissariat was formed primarily by Marshals of the Himalayan Air Force who under the umbrella of the Red Wings Party launched a coup against the pro-Indian Himalayan government. Soon joined by anti-Indian and militaristic members of government who survived the bombing of Potala Palace, as well as a few defecting generals, the Commissariat was formed to fill the void left by the previous Council of Ministers albeit far smaller and extremely isolationist. It is the hope of the HAC that the Himalayan Republic can be reforged as a socialist state on the model of Stalin's USSR with a focus on autarky and socialist patriotism.

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• The Coup: If India decides to establish an air force for its puppet, the creation will lead to a military coup by members of the new air force, turning the new republic into a socialist state on par with the former Soviet Union as it was under Joseph Stalin, free from Indian control.

Japan

^{Flag of the State of Japan (Paternal Autocrat)} 

^{Flag of the State of Japan (Fascist)} 

Official Name: State of Japan

Ruling Party: Nihon Minshutō^note Japan Democratic Party

Ideology: Liberal Conservatism^note Conservatism

The state of Japan, occupied by America since the end of the war. It is in the final year of said occupation, and is ready for a transistion into an independent, functioning democracy...If it can survive all those who wish to revert the progress it has made.

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• Balkanize Me: If Japan goes too far left or too far right and gets invaded by the Toronto Accord, Japan will be divided between several occupation zones, which transition into a Japanese Confederation made up of 5 chunks.
• Bomb-Throwing Anarchists: The student anarchists, while they don't always become this, certainly have the potential to if they execute the Emperor: Doing so makes Japan fall into such a state of chaos and-who would have thought, anarchy-that nearly every city is ablaze, and the ones that aren't are under direct control of rebels. Police, army units, and even their own leftist allies all turn on them, and their public support vanishes. Despite this, they continue to march on, and instead of giving up, prepare their world's version of the Cultural Revolution, by which they mean killing literally everyone who opposes them, one at a time if they must.
• Dirty Communists: The Japanese Communist Party is given the same choice of sparing or executing the emperor as the Anarchists, with just the same results if they ready the firing squad.
• Police State: While every kind of authoritarian party turns Japan into this, Japan gets special mention as one of it's political paths is not an army coup, but a police coup (by the National Police Reserve), turning the nation into a literal police state^note though not as literal as one may think — the NPR was founded to fill in some of the gap left over by the dissolution of the Japanese military, and would historically go on to be reorganized into the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces, the de facto post-war Japanese army.

Hirohito

Role: Monarch^note Figurehead

The Emperor of Japan since before the war with America and Britain, Hirohito was allowed to keep his throne in an effort to better pacify the people of Japan. Even more powerless than a constitutional monarch, he has seen quite enough of war, and perhaps even ruling.

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• Abdicate the Throne: In favor of his brother and regent, Takahito, which is generally regarded as the best move Japan can make internationally.

Takahito, Prince Mikasa

Emperor Hirohito's youngest brother.

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• Offered the Crown: Though not first in line to the throne (fourth actually), Takahito will ascend to the Chrysanthemum Throne upon his brother's abdication, in accordance with the secret dealings of Japan's major foreign influencers. It is slated to return to Hirohito's decedents upon Takahito's death.
• Thou Shalt Not Kill: Though he served in the cavalry during the war, he has, and continues to espouse pacifist views. His criticism and apologetic attitudes towards Japan's wartime record has found him no friends at home, and if he ascended to the throne, a senior politician will respond by saying the new Emperor is just a 'symbol of the national spirit, not a mouthpiece.'

Tropes Pertaining to the Rework

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Ashida Hitoshi

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader, Foreign Minister (Ashida cabinet)

Party: Nihon Minshutō^note Japan Democratic Party

Ideology: Liberal Conservatism^note Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Born on the 15th of November 1887 in the mountainous village of Mutobenosho in Kansai, Ashida was the sole survivor save for his father of his original family, and experienced the death of other loved ones in his father's second family. On the cusp of the end of the Meiji era in 1911, Ashida passed rigourous examinations to enter the Japanese foreign ministry. Ashida criss-crossed the world, attending work in Russia, Versailles and Turkey, all the while for all the while far away from the rise of anti-democratic forces in his home country. Begrudgingly, following the Mukden incident, Ashida entered politics out of a desire to contain the rabid militarist factions within the Imperial Diet. Together with Hatoyama Ichiro who found himself in a similar boat, liberal voices never truly faded from the halls of the Yokusankai in that time.

Following the war's end, Ashida would join Shidehara Kijuro's cabinet, severing his relations with Hatoyama and isolating him politically from the Liberal Party, despite remaining །བ nominal member. What ensued thereafter was a political battle between Shidehara and the General between shiden and Headquarters over the constitution, to which the GHQ won, with Ashida on their side. Following the purge of Hatoyama, and Yoshida's capitulation to the Japan Socialist Party, an emboldened Ashida split and formed the Democratic Party, a move which would have propelled him to the Prime Minister position in a swift stroke.

As fate would have it, the historic 1948 elections saw Katayama Tetsu and the JSP make major gains, leaving Ashida in the dust. Without a majority in the diet, a coalition led by the JSP was formed with Ashida's Democratic Party and the National Cooperative Party. Following Katayama's resignation in 1949, it was at long last that Ashida had become Prime Minister. Marred by attacks from a now resurgent Yoshida and the opposition, rising economic inflation, and rumours of corruption in the cabinet, Ashida's overreach has only brought him misery in his position. With the next elections in a few months, Ashida dilligently prepares the treaty for the end of the occupation of Japan, hoping to resign at his pinnacle.

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Yoshida Shigeru

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Minshu Jiyūtō^note Democratic Liberal Party

Ideology: Conservatism

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Hatoyama Ichirō

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Minshu Jiyūtō^note Democratic Liberal Party

Ideology: Conservatism

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• Former Regime Personnel: Hatoyama will undo the purge of Pre-war officials.
• Passing the Torch: He will have to choose a successor at the end of his focus tree.

Miki Takeo

Role: Minister (Yoshida DLP-NDP cabinet)

Party: Kokumin Kyōdōtō^note National Cooperative Party

Ideology: Liberalism

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Katayama Tetsu

Party: Nihon Shakaitō^note Japan Socialist Party

Leader of the JSP.

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Nishio Suehiro

Role: Head of Government (Ashida cabinet), Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Nihon Shakaitō^note Japan Socialist Party

Ideology: Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Born on the 28th of March 1891 in Shiyūjima Village in Kagawa Prefecture, Nishio lived in poverty, having dropped out of school at a young age and working in a variety of factory jobs. Due to this, Nishio was heavily involved in labor federations. Having participated in the formation of both the pre-war Social Democratic Party and the Social Masses Party, Nishio was a major figure in the founding of the Japan Socialist Party in 1945 as well.

Although he considered himself a socialist, Nishio was also strongly nationalist and virulently anti-communist, and was fond of saying that he came to socialism not via Marxism but rather through "idealistic humanism". Since then, his political career has been significant, holding the offices of secretary-general of the JSP, Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Katayama Cabinet and Deputy Prime Minister in the Ashida Cabinet.

Nishio clearly represents the right wing of the JSP, but is bitterly unpopular among the left wing of the party however due to his anti-communist views. This, combined with his strong connections with big business interests, threatens to jeopardise his position. Despite these challenges, he has reached the leadership role of the country and commands a socialist government, through time will tell if he can keep the party unified and strong.

Leader of the Right Wing of the JSP.

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Wada Hiroo

Role: Minister (Suzuki JSP cabinet)

Party: Nihon Shakaitō^note Japan Socialist Party

Leader of the Centre Wing of the JSP.

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Suzuki Mosaburō

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader (Elections)

Party: Nihon Shakaitō^note Japan Socialist Party, LSPJ (JSP split)

Leader of the Left Wing of the JSP.

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• Pacifist: Suzuki will pursue a pacifist defense policy and a neutralist foreign policy.

Nosaka Sanzō

Role: Minister (Suzuki LSPJ-JCP cabinet)

Party: Nihon Kyōsantō^note Japanese Communist Party

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism

Leader of the JCP.

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• Internal Reformist: Nosaka Sanzō advocates for a peaceful ascention to power and transition to socialism, rejecting violence entirely. He successfully convinced the JCP to adopt this position.

Tokuda Kyūichi

Party: Nihon Kyōsantō^note Japanese Communist Party

Leader of the Centralist Faction of the JCP.

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• Internal Reformist: The Centralists advocate a peaceful transition to socialism, rejecting violence entirely.

Miyamoto Kenji

Party: Nihon Kyōsantō^note Japanese Communist Party

Leader of the Internationalist Faction of the JCP.

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Ryukyu

Official Name: State of Ryukyu

Ruling Party: Ryūkyū Minshutō^note Ryukyu Democratic Party

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Chōbyō Yara

Role: Country Leader

Party: Ryūkyū Minshutō^note Ryukyu Democratic Party

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Republic of Korea

Official Name: Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Pak), Korean People's Federation (Anarchist)

Ruling Party: Daehan-Ingugminhoe^note National Association

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

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Syngman Rhee

Role: Country Leader

Party: Daehan-Ingugminhoe^note National Association

Ideology: Authoritarian Democracy^note Paternal Autocracy

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• The Purge: If Rhee successfully crushes the 1952 protests, he'll consolidate his power over Korea by purging the military, the departments, the communists, and optionally the conservatives and liberal democrats as well.
• Secret Police: Rhee will create a secret police after successfully crushing the protests.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Party: Gugminhoe^note National Association

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Korean Parliament

Role: Country Leader (Rhee resigns)

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Kim Seong-Sou

Role: Country Leader (Election)

Party: Minjudang^note Korea Democratic Party

Ideology: National Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Lyuh Woon-hyung

Role: Country Leader (Election, People's Socialists)

Party: Joseon Inmindang^note People's Party of Korea

Ideology: Democratic Socialism^note Socialism, Left-Wing Populism^note Social Democracy (Moderate socialists)

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Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader

Party: Joseon Inmindang^note People's Party of Korea

Ideology: Social Patriotism^note Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} A man living in the middle of history often is weighed down by the crushing pressures of reality. No more true is that statement than in the case of the life of Lyuh Woon-hyung, who from day one of the liberation of his beloved homeland from Japan has seen his dream squandered.

Born in Gyeonngi in 1886 to a family of noble civil servants, Lyuh's childhood revolved around Christian missionary work, helping to open an American one of the mission in 1909. Lyuh became only Korean noble family members in history to totally emancipate the slaves in his household owned in 1910, an action which reflected a young and idealistic man determined to spread Korean solidarity. Lyuh made travels across China and Russia in the late 1910s and early 1920s, meeting Sun Yat-sen, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin alike. He would join the Kuomintang, striving for Sino-Korean cooperation, and his journalist activities eamed him the ire of Japan, who placed him under arrest, deporting him back to Korea for a 7-year sentence, released after 3 on parole.

During the Pacific War, Lyuh organised various Korean underground groups, including the National Preparation Committee, an organisation founded upon calls for liberation and a transition to a truly progressive and democratic Korea, one where feudal practices were eradicated and a united front was lifted up to strengthen the struggle against anti-democratic and reactionary forces. The decision of the United States to prioritise Japanese home invasion and then intervention in Russia gave Lyuh exactly what he needed to survive.

Seven years later and Korea teeters on the verge of societal unrest. Lyuh's broad united front has found itself subverted by left-wing extremism in the Communist Party of Korea. Although friends with Communist leader Park Heon-young, Lyuh must strike a balance between his ideas for governance and his contemporary to the right, Ahn Jae-hong, a balance which more and more appears to be unfeasible. The electoral success of his main rivals Kim Koo and Syngman Rhee, and an insubordinate yet divided military also plague the People's Republic. Lyuh's dream evades him each day, growing further and further away by the hour...

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Pak Hon-Yong

Role: Country Leader (Election, National Revolutionaries)

Party: Hangug Gongsangdang^note Communist Party of Korea

Ideology: National Revolution^note Marxism-Leninism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: Pak's rule is essentialy OTL North Korea.
• Dirty Communist: Pak creates a totalitarian Marxist-Leninist regime.
• The Purge: After taking power Pak will launch a great purge.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Party: Joseon Gongsangdang^note Korean Communist Party

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} In every corner of the world, in all countries, the socialist revolution has a representative, a man of the people willing to do anything to advance the emancipation of the workers and peasants from landowners and businessmen. In Korea, the ambassador of the communist ideology is Pak Hon-Yong. Pak was born to an aristocratic family in Yesan to a concubine. Not long after finishing his studies he became involved in the March 1st Movement, which protested against forced assimilation by the Japanese colonial authorities. Pak would go on to join the Communist Party of Korea in 1921, becoming one of its most important members, from this point until the end of the Pacific War his activities would be clandestine.

The foundation of the People's Republic of Korea would see the Communist Party taking a primordial role in the politics of the peninsula, becoming one of her most important parties. From then on, Pak would put a special focus on peasants' interests, specially in the land reform bill, which in his eyes is in need of a deep revision. The global Communist movement is in its weakest moment, and men like Pak Hon-yong, who are willing to work within the system in order to further the revolution, are most needed.

Leader of the Korean Communist Party.

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• Internal Reformist: Pak is willing to work within the system rather than try to overthrow it.

Chung Il-Kwon

Role: Country Leader (Anti-left military coup)

Party: Military Junta

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

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• Military Coup: If the left wins the election, the military will attempt to overthrw them and seize power, creating a military dictatorship.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: General

Leader of the Manchu Faction of the Army of Korea.

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Kim Hong-il

Role: Country Leader (Chinese puppet state)

Party: Hanguk Doglib Dang^note Korean Independence Party

Ideology: Transitional Regime^note Paternal Autocracy

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• Government in Exile: Kim will be made leader of the Korean Liberation Government, a puppet of the Republic of China.
• The Quisling: After "liberating" Korea from a socialist regime, China will install Kim as the new leader of Korea.

Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Role: Field Marshal

Leader of the NRA Faction of the Army of Korea.

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Tropes pertaining to the Rework

Official Name: People's Republic of Korea

Ruling Party: Joseon Inmindang^note People's Party of Korea

Ideology: Social Patriotism^note Social Democracy

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• We ARE Struggling Together:
  • The ruling Inmindang and Joseon Gongsangdang rule together but do not get along and has largely become ineffective as a result.
  • Divisions also plague the military, divided into four factions.

Cho Man-sik

Role: President^note Figurehead

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Cho Bong-am

Role: Head of Government (Lyuh cabinet)

Party: Joseon Inmindang (Jwa-pa)^note People's Party of Korea (Left)

Ideology: Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Cho Bong-am represents the left wing of the People's Party of Korea, like many within his clique, he's a man committed to democracy and progressivism, to both the preservation of liberal values and social justice.

Cho was born by the turn of the century on the island of Ganghwa. Much like other prominent figures of the Korean political landscape, he became involved with the March 1st protests of 1919 against Japanese colonization. He eventually left his homeland and finished his studies in Japan and the Soviet Union. The young Cho Bong-am would join the Korean Communist Party, where he would begin his political activities for the liberation of Korea from the Japanese imperialists.

By the end of the Pacific war, when many activists where coming out of the underground, Cho would leave the Communist Party, criticizing its lack of democratic values and blaming it for the instability of the young republic, instead, he would find Lyuh Woon-hyung's brand of liberal socialism much more appealing. He would go on to become a member of parliament, representing the left-wing of the People's Party of Korea.

Leader of the People's Party of Korea (Left).

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• Defector from Decadence: Cho left the Communist Party, criticizing its lack of democratic values and blaming it for the instability of the fledgling independent Korea.

Ahn Jae-hong

Party: Joseon Inmindang (U-pa)^note People's Party of Korea (Right)

Ideology: Liberalism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Liberalism, like many other political ideologies, is a universal doctrine, one that exists in every country. The ideals of liberty and democracy in Korea find their representative in Ahn Jae-hong. Ahn was born in 1892 in Suwon during the last days of the hermit kingdom. He studied political economy at the Waseda university in Japan, graduating in 1912. Like many young students of his time, Ahn joined the Korean national liberation movement in the early 20's during Japanese colonial rule. He would spend a total of 11 years in prison between 1919 and 1945 for his independentist and anti-Japanese activities; during this time, he would at the also serve various executive roles at Chosun llbo, a right-wing newspaper based in Seoul.

After the liberation of the Korean peninsula, upon the end of the Pacific war, Ahn Jae-hong would go on to actively participate in the creation of the Republic. As part of his compromise with Prime minister Lyuh Woon-hyung to build a functional left-right coalition, Ahn joined the Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence. Otherwise, he is the leader of the liberal wing of the PPK and one of the most prominent party leaders in parliament.

Leader of the People's Party of Korea (Right).

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Yi Yun-yong

Party: Minjudang^note Democratic Party of Korea

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Yi yun-yong was born in 1890 in the Pyeong-an Province, during the Joseon period. From the beginning he received a profoundly christian education, being lectured in land surveys at the Young Men's Christian Association, eventually becoming a pastor. His religious activities would be cut by his opposition to the unification of Korean and Japanese churches, kick starting his career in the independence movement.

Directly after the liberation of Korea, he would become involved with the Korean center-right movement, which led to the foundation of the DPK in 1945. Yi is currently fulfilling Cho Man-sik's post of president of the party, left vacant by his investiture as president of Korea, acting as an interim leader appointed by the party leadership.

Leader of the Democratic Party of Korea.

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• Alliterative Name: Yi Yun-yong.
• You Are in Command Now: Yi assumed the presidency of the party after Cho Man-sik left it to assume the presidency of the Republic.

Shin Ik-hee

Party: Daehan Gukmindang^note Korea Nationalist Party

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The face of moderate nationalism in the Korean parliament. Shin Ik-hee is not a mere spectator of Korean history, he has greatly participated in the liberation of his country from the Japanese yoke, albeit outside of his homeland for a lot of time. Shin was born in 1892, becoming an orphan at a young age, he had to be nurtured by his older brother. He studied abroad in Japan. Unlike many contemporary Korean politicians, Shin did not participate in the March 1st movement, instead spending several decades exiled in China. During that time, he would become involved in the Provisional Government of Korea, serving several positions in the foreign and justice ministries.

As the peninsula was finally liberated under a democratic republican government, Shin Ik-hee would become involved with several conservative organizations, culminating in the foundation of the KNP in 1949, Shin's popularity as a social-conservative politician committed to liberal democracy would be vital at breaking the so-called "four-party system".

Leader of the Korea Nationalist Party.

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Heo Heon

Role: Spearker of the Parliament of Korea

Party: Joseon Inmindang^note People's Party of Korea

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Born in 1885, Heo Heon has become famous as one of the top three national human rights lawyers since the Japanese colonial era along with Lee In and Kim Byung-ro. Having defended his fellow independence activists as well as workers and as poor people for free, he has been actively involved in trials over social issues as well. He also played a leading role in the founding of the Communist Party of Korea in 1925, and from then on he began to take on a center-left socialist tendency. Eventually he paid for his anti-Japanese career as he was tortured by the colonial forces in the late years of the war, but his ordeal was soon rewarded through the fruits of independence. After independence, he entered the politics of the fledgling nation along with Lyuh Woon-hyung by entering the People's Party of Korea, and as his fellow party members succeeded, he now holds the post of the Speaker of the Parliament of Korea.

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Ji Cheong-cheon

Leader of the IJA Faction of the Army of Korea.

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• Defector from Decadence: Ji defected from the IJA to the Korean guerilla in 1919, applying the training he received from his Japanese overlords against them.

Lee Beom-seok

Role: General

Leader of the Jokcheon.

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Southeast Asia

Union of Burma

^{Flag of the Union of Burma (Ne Win)} 

Official Name: Union of Burma, State of Burma (Chinese puppet state)

Ruling Party: Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League

Ideology: Democratic Socialism^note Socialism

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Aung Sun

Role: Country Leader

Party: Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League

Ideology: Democratic Socialism^note Socialism

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Sao Shwe Thail

Role: President^note Figurehead

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} President since the independence of Burma, Sao Shwe Thaik is a popular and respected Shan statesman. He also holds royal ties to a certain Shan tribal monarchy.

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Kingdom of Thailand

Official Name: Kingdom of Thailand

Ruling Party: People's Party

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

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Plaek Phibunsongkhram

Role: Country Leader

Party: People's Party

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

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Rama IX

Role: Monarch^note Figurehead

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The Ninth Chakri King. Bhumibol Adulyadej, known as King Rama IX, has ruled Thailand since the 9th of June, 1946 with his beautiful wife Sirikit at his side. Succeeding his brother, King Ananda Mahidol, after he was assassinated, Bhumibol has yet to really cement himself as the Thai monarch. Having little to no political power due to the military government of Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Bhumibol currently remains to be nothing more than a spiritual figurehead for the people of Thailand.

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Lao People's Democratic Republic

Official Name: Lao People's Democratic Republic

Ruling Party: Lao Nation

Ideology: Ultra-Visionary Marxism^note Marxism-Leninism

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Souphanouvong

Role: Country Leader

Party: Lao Nation

Ideology: Ultra-Visionary Marxism^note Marxism-Leninism

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Kingdom of Cambodia

Official Name: Kingdom of Cambodia

Ruling Party: Democratic Party

Ideology: Social Patriotism^note Social Democracy

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Norodom Phurissara

Role: Country Leader

Party: Democratic Party

Ideology: Social Patriotism^note Social Democracy

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Norodom Sihanouk

Role: Monarch^note Figurehead

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} The Fifth Norodom King, Sihanouk was the only child of Norodom Suramarit and Sisowath Kossamak. His father was warned by the court astrologer that the young Sihanouk would die if he would be raised by his parents, thus Suramarit send his only son to Pat, Kossamak's grandmother. Sihanouk became the king of Cambodia at the age of 19, appointed by the Governor-General of French Indochina Jean Decoux. The first years of Sihanouk's reign would be of little strife, having no interest in politics. When the Japanese came and occupied his nation, Sihanouk watched movies instead of providing for his people. In 1945, under pressure of the Japanese government after the Meigo Sakusen, Sihanouk declared the independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia and making him prime minister while serving as king at the same time. Cambodian independence would not last long, as the British, with American support, occupied Indochina. The British Mandate of Cambodia (1946-1950) was formally established, with the eventual goal to liberalize the nation, turning it into a model democracy. After 4 years of heavy reformations, supported by the republican Son Ngoc Thanh and inspired by the British system, Cambodia finally received its independence from the British Empire, beginning the Kingdom of Cambodia's first era of sovereignty. During this period, Sihanouk has clearly become annoyed by his small role as king and has started to challenge the democratic institutions put upon him, hoping to expand his political power.

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Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Ideology: Hoism^note Marxism-Leninism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: Vietnam can wind up divided into two rival governments, except here it’s a communist regime in the south and a non-communist regime in the north.
• Balkanize Me: If neither side wins the China-Vietnam war, Vietnam will be divided in two between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the south and the Vietnamese Republic (a Chinese puppet) in the north.

Hồ Chí Minh

Role: Country Leader

Ideology: Hoism^note Marxism-Leninism

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• Allohistorical Allusion: After Hồ Chí Minh's death, the Vietnamese government can choose to rename a city after him, but in this timeline, said city is Haiphong instead of Saigon like in real life.

Vietnamese Republic

Official Name: Vietnamese Republic

Ruling Party: Viet Cách

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

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• Puppet State: The Vietnamese Republic is a puppet of China.

Nguyen Hai Than

Role: Country Leader

Party: Viet Cách

Ideology: Military Dictatorship^note Paternal Autocracy

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Zhang Fakui

Role: Plenipotentiary^note Figurehead

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• Evil Chancellor: As Chinese Plenipotentiary, Zhang Fakui is the representative of the Vietnamese Republic's overlord, the Republic of China.

Philippines

Official Name: Republic of the Philippines

Ruling Party: PLP

Ideology: Social Liberalism^note Liberalism

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Elpidio Quirino

Role: Country Leader

Party: PLP

Ideology: Social Liberalism^note Liberalism

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Hukbalahap Insurrection

Official Name: Hukbalahap

Ruling Party: Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon^note People's Army Against Japan

Ideology: Agrarian Socialism^note Socialism

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• La Résistance: The Hukbalahap started as a resistance movement against Japanese occupation but extended its fight to the restored government of the Philippines.
• We ARE Struggling Together: The Hukbalahap is divided between the hardliners and those willing to negotiate with the government.

Luis Taruc

Role: Supreme Commander of the Hukbong Magpalaya ng Bayan (People's Liberation Army)^note Country Leader

Party: Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon^note People's Army Against Japan

Ideology: Agrarian Socialism^note Socialism

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• Action Politician: Taruc is a politician and guerilla leader.

Jesus Lava

Role: General Secretary of the Committee

Party: Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon^note People's Army Against Japan

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism

The leader of the Hardliners of the Hukbalahap.

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Oceania

Commonwealth of Australia

^{Flag of the Commonwealth of Australasia} 

Official Name: Commonwealth of Australia, Commonwealth of Australasia (Fall of North America, Unification Path)

Ruling Party: Liberal Party of Australia

Ideology: Conservative Liberalism^note Liberalism

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Robert Menzies

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader

Party: Liberal Party of Australia

Ideology: Conservative Liberalism^note Liberalism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Robert Gordon Menzies, born on 20 December 1894 was a promising figure. Mezies entered the stage of politics by 1928, serving the Victorian state as a member of the state parliament. Around the 1930s. Mezies has been elevated to federal politics, achieving his first Prime Ministership in 1939. Later on, Menzies formed the Liberal Party, and have ensured the party's relevancy will last long after his reign.

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William John McKell

Role: Governor-General^note Figurehead

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New Zealand

Official Name: New Zealand

Ruling Party: New Zealand National Party

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

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Sidney Holland

Role: Prime Minister^note Country Leader

Party: New Zealand National Party

Ideology: Traditionalist Conservatism^note Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show} Sidney Holland was born in Greendale in the Canterbury region of the South Island, Holland was a prominent sportsman and sports administrator, Sidney took his father's place as the Reform Party candidate for Christchurch North during the 1935 general elections and successfully retained the Christchurch North seat despite the Labour Party's landslide victory during that election. From 1940s onwards, Sidney Holland has been rising through the ranks of the National Party with a steady pace, and was elevated to the position of Party Leader, and later on Prime Minister of New Zealand.

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Bernard Cyrill Freyberg

Governor-General of the New Zealand

Role: Governor-General^note Figurehead

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