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I've seen this twice, in the Ireland episode of Jackie Chan Adventures and one of the Tarma & Kethry short stories in the Heralds of Valdemar series. Both times the curse causes unending back luck, and is bound to a physical object that must be passed on. Searching through those pages led me to Superstition Episode, in the first case, and Clingy MacGuffin, in the second. Neither is quite what you're looking for.
Edited by HeraldAlberich
There's Hereditary Curse, but that's limited to families.
We can never truly eradicate the coronavirus, but we can suppress its threat like influenza
There's You Kill It, You Bought It, for (among other cases) when you kill a monster and then get transformed into that monster.
If not for this anchor I'd be dancing between the stars. At least I can try to write better vampire stories than Twilight.
I'd call the OP's trope a non-lethal inversion of You Kill It, You Bought It.
If you find one that counts, add it to It Follows
Edited by FacesOfMu
I think it's somewhere between a non-physical version of Clingy MacGuffin, a nonlethal version of You Kill It, You Bought It (which doesn't have to be a curse). Compare Bequeathed Power. See also Chain Letter, which is basically how this curse functions.
A curse that can't be broken but instead is transferred to another victim (usually unknowingly), causing a long chain of victims tricking other people into taking up their burden.