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Indirect Serial Killer

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"The Jigsaw Killer. Actually, technically speaking, he's... not really a murderer. He never killed anyone. He finds ways for his victims to kill themselves."
Dr. Lawrence Gordon, Saw

While Serial Killers kill people in a variety of ways, almost all of them have a preferred form of murder, such as knives, sniping, Death Traps, poison, bombs, or other, more bizarre methods. However, some serial killers prefer to kill without getting their hands dirty. Enter the Indirect Serial Killer.

An Indirect Serial Killer is unique among Serial Killers in that rather than doing the killing themselves, they manipulate other people into doing the killing for them. These types of killers are much trickier to catch than usual because, most of the time, they aren't actually doing anything explicitly illegal in their killings. Often times, the only way to catch these types of characters is to either arrest them for some other crime or to discover evidence that can have them tried as an accomplice to murder. These characters might occasionally kill some people themselves if they have no choice, but overall, most of their murders are usually done via indirect methods.

Indirect Serial Killers can have a variety of motives for their actions; some of them are essentially regular serial killers who simply prefer to manipulate people into doing the killing for them, or don't want to be caught. Others are powerful/influential people who use their power to have people killed, either legally or illegally.

Just as a regular serial killer has a preferred weapon or method of killing, an Indirect Serial Killer usually uses a particular method for most of their victims. Some of the more common methods in fiction include the following:

  • Suicide: People being mistreated to the point of being Driven to Suicide is all too common both in real life and in fiction, but some people are so rotten that they are responsible for multiple suicides. For Indirect Serial Killers, people's suicides are a byproduct of their horrible actions, but some actively go out of their way to drive people into killing themselves, whether out of some kind of sadistic pleasure from tormenting people to the breaking point or as a way of keeping their hands clean.
  • Authority: Many corrupt authority figures, such as judges, lawyers, nobility, and many others, use their authority to have people killed; some of them are Knight Templars who believe that their murders are for a greater good, others are sadists who like the idea of using their power to kill people legally, and still others are simply corrupt people who see the lives of innocent people as a fair price to pay to achieve their goals.
  • Manipulation: Manipulating people to kill your enemies is one of the oldest tricks in the book. Some might use seduction, creating or exploiting feelings of love and/or lust to convince others to kill for them. Others might create or exacerbate feelings of hatred, envy, spite, or other negative emotions with the end result being one person murdering the other. Still, others might use slander, gossip, rumors, etc. to create lynch mobs that they can use to keep their own hands clean.

Sub-Trope of Serial Killer (obviously). Compare Murder by Inaction, Murder by Suicide, and Psychic-Assisted Suicide.


Examples:

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    Anime & Manga 
  • Death Note: Light Yagami starts to invoke this trope after Near picks up investigating Kira from where L left off, having other notebook users such as Misa, Takada, and Mikami write names on his behalf in order to divert his pursuers.
  • This is basically the MO of Johann Liebert in Monster, who has the uncanny ability to manipulate other people to kill for him in any number of ways, whether by bribing them, convincing them that he's their son, or even by pretending to be an alien.
  • Moriarty the Patriot: Charles Augustus Milverton is an Immoral Journalist who blackmails others into becoming killers.
  • Oshi no Ko: Aquamarine Hoshino becomes convinced that this trope is in effect when his mother is murdered by the same person who killed him in his past life, owing to the fact that his killer knew that Ai was staying at the hospital where he worked before he was murdered. His objective in pursuing a career in the entertainment industry is to identify the mastermind in order to exact revenge. The likely culprit is eventually shown as willing to kill people directly if he can get away with it.
  • Psycho-Pass: Shogo Makishima acts as The Corrupter to others and provides tools and information to turn them into serial killers.
  • The titular Tomie is a Femme Fatale who prefers to use her beauty to manipulate others to kill for her, and only kills people herself when she has no other choice.
  • In Yu-Gi-Oh! (first anime series), Kekeru Goyu is a lethally incompetent doctor who botches his "care" of at least a dozen patients. He later tries to kill Yugi personally to steal back the recorded evidence of what he was doing.

    Fan Works 

    Film — Live-Action 
  • 88 Minutes: Though Jon Foster was a Serial Killer (and rapist) of women in person, when he gets imprisoned for murder, he orders his Loony Fan Lauren to re-enact his murders so that he can go free or at least avoid execution.
  • Copycat: Daryll Lee Cullum was a Serial Killer himself until he was caught and locked up for life. To continue his evil, Daryll begins contacting "fans" of his and pushing them to carry out serial murders in his name. One of these is Peter Foley himself, and the film ends with Cullum contacting another "disciple" to order him on a new spree.
  • Cure: Kunihiko Mamiya is a master hypnotist who travels the land, brainwashing random people into either committing murder against people they harbor resentment towards, or simply killing themselves. At the end, he even succeeds in transforming Detective Takabe into his successor, who also becomes a serial killing hypnotist.
  • Saw:
    • The various Jigsaw killers and copycats are notorious for kidnapping people and forcing them into life-or-death scenarios where they're forced to make a Life-or-Limb Decision or solve Criminal Mind Games in order to survive. In some (but not all) "games" involving multiple victims, one person has to kill the other (be it directly or indirectly) to win. Thus far, whereas most of the other Jigsaw killers almost exclusively followed this MO, Mark Hoffman is the only one who has also committed direct murders regularly.
    • Saw X: While Cecilia Pederson and her cohorts didn't do much more to their victims than just take their money, the Project had essentially doomed 34 people to the false hope of having their cancer cured only to die.
  • Se7en: Downplayed with the villain John Doe. He models his murders on the Seven Deadly Sins but strictly speaking, he only directly kills two people himself: the Gluttony victim, who he force-feeds to the point of collapse and then kicks in the stomach, and Tracy Mills, who he beheads to make himself the Envy victim. The other victims don't technically die by his hand: the Greed victim is made to cut off a pound of his own flesh and bleeds out; the Sloth victim is tied to a bed for a year and given just enough food and water to survive; the Lust victim is raped by a man wearing a bladed dildo (who only does it at gunpoint); the Pride victim chooses to swallow a bottle of pills that Doe taped to her hand after he cuts off her nose; and the Wrath victim is David Mills, who doesn't die but instead goes to prison for killing Doe in revenge for the aforementioned murder of his wife Tracy. Of course, anyone in their right mind knows that Doe is responsible for all of the deaths even if he didn't "officially" kill all of his victims, but Doe himself is utterly insane and genuinely thinks that there's a distinction between his actions and murder.
  • Us: Red, a.k.a. the original Adelaide, led the uprising of the Tethered and convinced the Tethered to kill their originals, and is the matriarch of the Tethered Wilsons, who are shown killing others. However, Red's desire to make the Wilsons suffer means that she doesn't end up killing any of them with her own hands before dying herself. She is still indirectly responsible for thousands (potentially millions) of deaths across the United States.

    Literature 
  • And Then There Were None: Judge Lawrence Wargrave is a combination of this and a Hanging Judge. Being fully aware of his own sociopathic nature but also possessing a strong sense of justice, he pursued a career in law to be able to murder within the acceptable bounds of society by targeting the guilty. His elaborate murder spree on the island is a deliberate deviation from his Modus Operandi so he can end his killing career with a bang.
  • The Chaos Cycle:
    • Abaddon is a twisted demon who can influence people's insecurities and paranoia and uses it to manipulate them into killing their loved ones.
    • Rusulka is a demon who targets men in happy relationships with women. She possesses the women and helps to manipulate the men into snapping and killing the women by preying on their minds.
  • Curtain: A gravely ill Hercule Poirot reunites with his old friend Hastings for one last case. Poirot tells Hastings that one of the guests at the hotel he is staying at is a serial killer whom Poirot does not know how to stop. It turns out that the killer has been psychologically manipulating people into murdering people they hate. Since the killer took no direct action in the murders and has no connection to the people who are being murdered he/she cannot be arrested. After the murderer almost tricks Hastings into committing murder, Poirot takes matters into his own hands and kills the murderer.
  • The Rising of the Shield Hero: Malty S. Melromarc is a Villainous Princess who gives out False Rape Accusations to innocent victims, which would result in the death penalty for everyone except Naofumi Iwatani since he's one of the Four Cardinal Heroes, and is too important to kill.
  • Tony Hill and Carol Jordan: "The Voice" from "The Torment of Others" aka Detective Sergeant Jan Shields is an egotistical sexual sadist driven by an obsession with having absolute control over other human beings. To that end, they brainwash the vulnerable Derek Tyler into being their "trained monkey" and has him brutally murder four prostitutes for their own pleasure. Following Tyler's arrest, the voice brainwashes another person to carry on their killing spree.

    Live-Action TV 
  • The Blacklist: Milton Bobbit a.k.a. "The Undertaker" from "Milton Bobbit" is No. 135 on the Blacklist and specialises in running a Murder, Inc.. Bobbit uses the fact he works at an Insurance Company to scout for terminally patients and offers them financial security for their families if they become his paid assassins and kill themselves after the assassination. Bobbit uses them to off anyone who was involved in a clinical drug trial that has left Bobbit and others terminal.
  • Criminal Minds:
    • The two-parter "To Hell... And Back" features Mason Turner a man paralyzed from the neck down who has his mentally handicapped brother Lucas kidnap and murder people and perform experiments on their corpses. The potential consequences of this are discussed by the team, who note that the fact Mason doesn't do any killing will make it hard to prosecute him. So a victim's brother goes for a Vigilante Execution.
    • Judge Boyd Schuller from "Reckoner" is a Vigilante Man who, after discovering that he is terminal, decides to target those who have harmed children. He uses hitman Tony Mecacci to carry out the hits and kill his victims in ironic but fitting ways.
    • One unsub wanted to sacrifice his victims to the devil, so he found morally upstanding people and then coerced them into committing suicide so that one "sin" would be enough to send them to hell, while their perfection otherwise would make them good gifts.
    • One episode had a fading musician's manager manipulate a mentally ill fan into committing murder in his name. She thought the singer was a vampire and this would bind their souls together; the manager just wanted to feed into his "vampire" persona to drum up interest in his new album.
  • CSI:
    • Detective Stanley Richardson from "Crime after Crime" is a Vigilante Man and Killer Cop who, on his deathbed, decides to punish criminals who got away with their crimes. He uses his old friend Detective Sam Vega to carry out the crimes and even sets up Vega's death via the police as Vega is secretly another one of the criminals on his hit list.
    • Trent Reager from "Check in and Check Out" is a voyeuristic motel owner who enjoys watching people and craves seeing more elaborate carnage. He uses the fact that he controls the motel to secretly have a room have a canister of LSD to douse his customers and cause them to go nuts and murder their friends or family members.
  • Dexter: Dr. Emmet Meridian, the Villain of the Week in "Shrink Wrap", is a therapist who manipulates powerful female clients into committing suicide. He prescribes them antidepressants they don't need, takes them off them once they're addicted, then spends his sessions with them talking about how suicide is noble and takes all your pain away.
  • Diagnosis: Murder: Ernest Rogin from "Murder x 4" heads an assassination business which he disguises as an insurance company. Rogin uses terminally ill patients as his pet assassins to kill off anyone he's paid to get rid of.
  • Elementary: Moriarty is a Diabolical Mastermind who uses assassins as proxies to kill any of their enemies for them without having to lift a finger. Moriarty is indicated to have hundreds of deaths due to how successful this is.
  • Fargo: In Season 1, mysterious hitman Lorne Malvo is fascinated by the search to find the weakness in everybody that he can exploit, to see what it takes to turn a civilized person into an animal. To this end, he likes talking strangers into committing horrific acts of violence, and when they call him for help afterwards, he records their conversation on cassette tapes. He likes spending his leisure time playing back the evidence of their crimes. By the end of the season, he has a whole suitcase full of tapes.
  • Gotham: The episode "Spirit of the Goat" revolves around Gordon and Bullock trying to capture what they think is a copycat of a serial killer called "the Goat". It turns out that both this Goat and the previous one had been hypnotized by their therapist, who was convinced that unleashing a serial killer was a form of therapy for all of Gotham.
  • Hannibal: While Hannibal is a Serial Killer, he also takes pleasure in manipulating people to kill. He sends Nicholas Boyle to confront Abigail while she's alone. When she panics and kills him in self-defense, Hannibal pretends to be helping her but also manipulates her with a view to controlling her. It's heavily implied that he sent the patient who attacked Bedelia after her and then used her overkill against her. He then also manipulated Will into murder.
  • Hawaii Five-0: The Arc Villain of Season 7, Dr. Madison Gray, is a Psycho Psychologist who manipulates her clients into becoming serial killers for the sheer fun involved.
  • Law & Order: In the episode "Progeny", former priest and anti-abortion activist Drew Seeley encourages his followers to kill abortion doctors, even acquiring and distributing the name and address of one of them. When said doctor dies, he denies any responsibility, although is openly gleeful about how many dead doctors there are. Later in the episode, he ends up confessing while using the justification defense in an attempt to further his anti-abortion cause. Unfortunately for Seeley, McCoy is able to tear this defense to shreds.
  • Law & Order: Special Victims Unit: In "Svengali", Morten has multiple crazy fans who believe that he's a great artist and want to do his work for him after he's imprisoned for the series of murders that he physically committed. One of his fans sends a pizza bomb to Olivia (though it doesn't go off), and Cecilia murders a woman and then fakes her own kidnapping.
  • Luther: William Carney a.k.a. "The Shoreditch Creeper" was already a particularly vicious serial killer back in the eighties. In the present as a sick, frail old man in a nursing home, upon getting in contact with the disturbed Paul Ellis, the son of one of his victims, Carney manipulates Ellis into carrying on his killing spree, going after the victims who managed to escape him.
  • Mindhunter: One of the inmates interviewed is none other than Charles Manson, who never killed anyone with his own hands, but rather manipulated members of his neo-Nazi cult, the Family, into slaughtering people he considered "pigs" in the hopes of triggering an apocalyptic race war. In the show, Manson vehemently denies his responsibility for the Family's actions, claiming that his followers simply twisted his words for their own ends. However, it's heavily implied that he indeed was the ringleader of the Tate-LaBianca murders and is trying to cover his ass, exemplified by his tendency to manipulate other inmates to protect himself (due to his small size making him unfit for fistfights), which carries over to the interviews.
  • Oz: Ryan O'Reilly never kills anyone himself (except for one special occasion). His way of dealing with a prisoner he wants dead is convincing someone else that they should kill him, and making them believe it was their own decision. He reveals to Patrick Keenan that this is his preferred way of killing people, but that he'll make an exception for him. By the end of the series, he's killed over a dozen people this way.
  • The Rookie: Implied with Jason Wyler, Bailey Nune's abusive ex-husband. While the exact number of victims isn't given, Oscar Hutchinson warns John Nolan not to take the fact that there are no violent crimes associated with him as a sign he's not willing to use violence, as during his incarceration numerous inmates who crossed him ended up shanked by a third party whom he "whispered into the ears of."
  • Safe House: Downplayed with the second season's antagonist the Crow. His MO is to break into married couple's homes, restrain the husband, and abduct the wife at gunpoint, with him killing the wives and hiding the bodies to the point that they are never found. However, the police eventually realise that his actual targets are the husbands, with the entire event deliberately designed to drive them to suicide out of grief and guilt.
  • Sherlock: The villain of the first episode, "A Study in Pink", manipulates his victims into suicide by abducting them and challenging them to a game — he puts two pills in front of them, one safe and one poisoned, challenges them to pick one pill and take it while he takes the other. It's never revealed how he consistently manipulates the victims into taking the poison pill.
  • Silent Witness: Jim Bell from "Deadhead" is a particularly twisted psycho who draws feelings of supremacy out of ending lives without having to lift a finger. Using an online unofficial chatroom for people suffering from suicidal thoughts, Jim targets the especially vulnerable and subtly pushes them deeper and deeper into depression, all whilst pretending to be their friend and a fellow sufferer, until they are driven to kill themselves. It's revealed that Bell's first victim was none other than his own loving father.
  • Smallville: Desiree Atkins from the episode "Heat" is a Black Widow with Living Aphrodisiac powers who tends to marry wealthy men and then manipulate others into killing them.
  • Supernatural: This is the Siren's MO from "Sex and Violence". First, it takes the form that its targets desire the most, and then it infects them with its venom. That way, it compels its victims to kill the person they were the closest to in order to prove their love and devotion to the Siren. Afterwards, the Siren abandons its victims and finds a new target.
  • Terriers: Hank definitely thinks Tom Cutshaw is one, as he hired Zeitlin, who had three people killed (including Jason) in order to make sure the Ocean Beach development happened, and also had Mickey Gosney killed, presumably to cover up whatever he did to children south of the border. Cutshaw denies knowing about it, but his denial leans heavily on Distinction Without a Difference.
    Cutshaw: I'm not a developer by trade. I made my money in tech. But I do know this...if the water comes out when I turn on the tap, it doesn't happen magically. Or if there's gasoline when I stop at the pump. For the world to function, a thousand things have to go right every minute. And they have to go right quietly. That's why I hired Mr. Zeitlin... to make sure that these things happened quietly. So we could have a brand-new airport.
  • Waking the Dead: "Shadowplay" involves the Cold Case squad reinvestigating a series of brutal crimes where in each event a mentally unstable woman claimed she was driven to murder by a mysterious figure called "The Shepherd". Their investigation reveals that the Shepherd is not a delusion, but a twisted psychopath who targets women he knows to be mentally ill, and psychologically tortures them until they become his killers.
  • Wire in the Blood:
    • "Bad Seed" sees Tony facing up against William McAdams a.k.a. Mack the Knife, a budding serial killer back in the seventies who was caught after disemboweling two women, and has been recently released as he's supposedly cured. In reality, Mack is just as evil as ever, and now unable to carry out his own murders has found a vulnerable young man who is convinced is his son, and is using him to carry on his killing spree.
    • "Torment" is an adaptation of the book The Torment of Others, and as such shares the same killer: Jan Shields, the police officer who manipulates and brainwashes weak-willed and mentally ill men into brutally torturing and then killing prostitutes. The killer is given a Freudian Excuse, though: she murders by proxy because she herself was raped as a teenager and she demands the men enact the crime that was done to her.
  • The X-Files: In the episode "Kitsunegari", Robert Patrick Modell, a previous Monster of the Week with a Compelling Voice, seems to have changed his modus operandi to be this... but in reality, it's the work of his lost fraternal twin Linda, who attempts to use her own Compelling Voice to get Mulder to kill Scully.

    Podcasts 

    Video Games 
  • 1BeatHeart: The Big Bad, the killer going by the alias Shinobu Kasuga, manipulates three people into killing someone via his Compelling Voice, which he also uses to talk several hotel guests into suicide.
  • The Cat Lady: Adam is a paralysed young man who can only communicate with eye movements, his father helped set up a system for him to use this to interact with technology. He uses this to go on the internet and convince people to kill themselves. He also somehow convinced his father to set up a device that will release poison gas in their homes as a failsafe measure in case anyone comes to stop him, he uses this to try and kill the protagonist and her friend but it ends up killing only his father.
  • Criminal Case: Grimsborough: The Arc Villain of the University cases is the Rorschach Reaper, so named because they leave Rorschach tests at the scenes of various crimes. The Reaper is eventually revealed as psychology student Tess Goodwin, who uses hypnosis and subtle manipulation to have her targets kill people by convincing them that it's "the right thing". Tess herself only murders one victim as part of a Xanatos Gambit to get herself arrested since the pinnacle of her research involves Detective Jones killing the player character at her command. Thankfully, Officer Ramirez saves the day before Jones can commit the crime.
  • Fahrenheit: The Oracle is an agent of The Orange Clan who repeatedly commits serial killings in the form of ritual sacrifices by possessing random people and using them to commit murders. As a result, most of his possessed targets either died of suicide or went insane upon seeing what they'd done.
  • Hitman 3: The Liability elusive target is an incompetent safety inspector whose slipshod work has, according to Diana, resulted in more deaths than Agent 47 himself.
  • Persona 4: Subverted. Adachi murders two people by shoving them into the TV World for the Shadows inhabiting it to kill and, for his own amusement, encourages Namatame to continue the killings under the mistaken belief that he was saving future targets by sending them into the TV World. However, thanks to the Investigation Team's efforts, all of Namatame's would-be victims survive.

    Visual Novels 
  • Ace Attorney:
    • Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney:
      • The very first example is Redd White, who made his fortune by using his information trading company Bluecorp to blackmail influential figures, and he's been doing this so long that Phoenix's mentor Mia has a file of people he has Driven to Suicide that would be enough to ruin him if he were ever to be connected to the deaths. So he gets his hands dirty for the first time by bashing Mia's head in with a miniature Thinker statue.
      • Manfred Von Karma is a corrupt prosecutor whose desire for a 'perfect win record' of guilty verdicts (obtained by Jury and Witness Tampering, evidence tampering, and intimidating judges) has led to one confirmed unjust conviction (Jeffery Master from Ace Attorney Investigations 2) and, given the state of the Ace Attorney legal system, probably many more. While we can't know how many of said individuals were executed (Jeffery Master was merely imprisoned), it's almost certain he'd have enough murders to be considered a serial killer if he didn't have the state do his dirty work. The one person he killed himself was Gregory Edgeworth, and then only after he stumbled on a perfect opportunity to kill Gregory with no one knowing the culprit.
    • The crowning example is probably Simon Keyes, from Ace Attorney Investigations 2. This person only has one direct kill to their name, and it's arguably self-defense, since the impostor Di-Jun Huang fired on him first, and he had no easy way to escape the situation because he was in a hot-air balloon, but all but one of the other murders can be traced back to their manipulation. They even boast that they never told their victims to commit murder; they just gave them information that they knew would prompt violence. Edgeworth only manages to find out that they did anything at all because Sirhan Dogan was blind and Horace Knightley couldn't read Braille, so their correspondence chess game against each other must have had an intermediary to translate.
    • In The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve, the Big Bad Mael Stronghart prides himself as to having technically "done nothing wrong" when revealed to have been the mastermind behind all the major conspiracies of the game. He blackmailed, pressured, and manipulated many people involved in the Justice system into killing his targets and covering up his crimes to rise up to power, planning to get rid of the crime that was plaguing London no matter the cost. He uses this to his advantage by manipulating the court in the final case of the game, telling him how even though he has committed a crime, it was necessary to build the strong Justice system it was as of today, almost managing to weasel himself out of it.
  • Danganronpa: This is the series' premise. Monokuma never commits murder himself, instead limiting himself to executing people who attack him or who are convicted of murder by their peers. Instead, he traps a group of mentally vulnerable high schoolers in a Closed Circle and telling them that the only way to get out is to get away with murder. And if that's not enough to instigate murders, he knows the students' psychological weaknesses and will offer 'motives' to drive at least one of them to murder; for example, the first motive given is to imply that their friends and family outside the Closed Circle might be dead and the only way to find out for sure would be to commit murder and escape. Sayaka takes the bait because she's psychologically dependent on her friendship with her idol group, though she ultimately doesn't have the stomach to go through with her ploy and is instead killed by Leon after he disarms her.
    • Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair: Nagito Komaeda is an odd version. He'd never kill one of the Ultimates he loves so much, but his bizarre mindset means that he's willing to get himself killed in order to cause chaos, only for his Ultimate Good Luck to step in and mess things up. As such, while he has three indirect victims ( The Ultimate Impostor, who's the first victim, Teruteru Hanamura, the first killer, and Chiaki Nanami, who he tricks into being the unintentional culprit for his suicide), none of them are actually people he wanted to kill. His plot in the first chapter was to trick Teruteru into killing him, and when he killed himself to make Chiaki the Blackened, he wanted her to win the class trial and for everyone else to die, only for her to figure out his plan and pull a Heroic Sacrifice.
    • Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony: Kokichi Ouma becomes one during the killing game, starting in Chapter 2 by telling Ryoma Hoshi which student has his motive video, seeing which becomes the final nail in the coffin that drives Ryoma to commit Suicide by Cop. Then in Chapter 4, he drives Gonta Gokuhara over the Despair Event Horizon using a Flashback Light that shows the outside world being completely dead in order to suggest him to Mercy Kill everyone to save them from this Awful Truth via killing Miu Iruma and winning a class trial, only to betray Gonta during the trial and reveal him as the killer, taking sadistic glee in his grief and subsequent execution. Finally, in Chapter 5 he blackmails Kaito Momota into killing him in order to create an unsolvable murder, which would inevitably lead to Kaito's death by execution.

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