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Yes, we have these.
The first one can fall under: Empowered Badass Normal, Flying Brick, or Functional Magic. It can also fall under Superhero Origin if it's about how they obtained their powers.
The second one is Charles Atlas Superpower (normal human ability pushed to superhuman levels).
Edited by MiinU
Charles Atlas Superpower isn't normal human ability pushed to superhuman levels, it's achieving superhuman abilities due to intense "training," the type of superpower(s) gained don't matter. It's most commonly associated with superhuman strength, dexterity, or senses, but it's not restricted to that: Arthur Dent taught himself how to fly, for example.
I don't think we have an actual trope for whether a superhuman ability is an existing human trait taken to superhuman levels or something that has no basis in human ability in the first place, nor do I really think it would add much.
^Yes it is, especially in fiction.
If you've ever seen Ranma ½, the main cast are textbook examples. Ryoga is human and practices martial arts, something which is a common activity. But in his case, he eventually gained Herculean levels of strength, stamina, and nigh invulnerability, which is why he's able to effortlessly shatter stone and walks around with a bamboo parasol that literally weighs a ton.
That right there is an example of normal human ability (practicing martial arts) being pushed to superhuman levels.
The same is true of characters in most fighting game series, who rigorously train until they eventually learn how to exceed their human limitations altogether. Hence why many of them now possess supernatural ability, such as Ki Manipulation, Elemental Powers, heighted senses, enhanced speed and reflexes, etc.
Ryu's ability to shoot fireballs out of his hands is as much a Charles Atlas Superpower as his ability to punch hard enough to destroy brick walls. We don't really need another trope to specify that one is an extension of a human ability while another is not beyond the trope already associated with those abilities.
^I agree that the OP is already covered, which was my original point.
Charles Atlas Superpower only applies when the character trained themselves to achieve superhuman abilities. A baby born with Super-Strength or a child genetically modified to have Super-Speed don't count as that but would count as OP's definition.
Regardless, I don't think I've ever seen a work make a functional distinction between the two types mentioned in OP...there are works that do types of powers (eg. Mutation/Emitter/Transformation Quirks in My Hero Academia or the six types of aura in Hunter × Hunter), though.
Edited by Synchronicity
As you might have noticed, there are two basic types of superpowers.
First, there are the brand new abilities—flying, shooting optic rays and changing shape are abilities that humans normally don't have.
Then, there are the enhanced regular human abilities, like super-strength, super-speed and healing factors, all of which are improvements on traits that humans already have.
(Of course, there are hybrids. Wolverine healing bullet wounds quickly is a normal ability sped up, but him regrowing lost eyes is an ability that normals humans don't have at all.)
Do we have this trope? (And if not, should we?)
Edited by MichaelKatsuro