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Perhaps covered by Knee-High Perspective.
Camera Tricks doesn't have anything as specific as a barefoot running through a puddle, though there is a trick for walking on water.
An iconic part of the City Noir aesthetic and it's offspring Cyberpunk with a Chance of Rain - puddles exist in these settings for dramatic shots playing with light and reflections. (Artist hat on: SO MUCH fun to draw/paint)
Placid Plane of Ankle-Deep Water when this is taken to large extremes- doesn't have to be literally ankle deep or a mystical plane, important part is the surreal interactions of characters and environment with a mirror-like span of water that dominates the shot/scene.
Waterlogged Warzone and Battle in the Rain for fight scenes with this sort of imagery
Can be a variation on Drama Panes when it's used to have a character interact with imagery in a symbolic and/or dramatic way
- Hardboiled Detective Bob: "The dame was laying on the damsel act thicker than her scarlet lipstick, sure, but some part of me wouldn't let the rest say no to those big green eyes."High-angle shot down at Bob as he walks through puddle reflecting a neon sign for the Apple and Serpent Grill
A shot of a barefoot stepping on or running into a puddle for a dramatic effect.