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What Measure Is A Non Human
Proposed alternate measure: Will it blend?

Dark Heart: You saved me? Why?!
Christie: Good or bad, you're still a person. Or whatever you are.
"Boy, if those employees weren't robots, I would have looked like some kind of serial killer or something, eh?"

There is an invisible value placed on the existence of non-human characters in fiction, compared to the value of the life of a human. Killing/destroying one may or may not be the same thing as killing a human. The difference between Not Even Human on one end of the scale and Not Quite Human on the other can be a fine one, and where a series chooses to draw that line can vary as wildly as the writers' imaginations. Your Mileage May Vary as well.

Intelligence and emotions, and whether the character in question is actually alive in the conventional sense, are usually what dictate the morality of the situation. But more often than not, it's based upon how human-like the character is. The scale goes something like this:

  • Obviously nonliving things like inanimate objects do not figure into this at all... Unless you're in an Everything Talks situation where the objects are given names, faces, personalities, and so on. Or if, in the case of the cars in The Brave Little Toaster and Jessie from Toy Story 2, they sing sad, sad songs about the day their owners threw them away. Mileage on a Companion Cube may vary, though usually if it gets destroyed/damaged, other characters will react as if you'd just killed something that was alive.
  • Robots and Artificial Intelligence stories examine this quite a lot in their plots, possibly because of the writings of Isaac Asimov. Good robots and other Mechanical Lifeforms are considered people most of the time. Killing one is generally the karmic equivalent of killing a human the same way — except easier to show when kids might be watching, which gets awkward. Mecha Mooks and bad robots almost always have a very low value in this regard, even if they demonstrate obvious sentience and emotions, and even creative thinking. Regardless, robots are the most frequent victims of How Did You Know I Didnt. It's Just A Machine, after all.
  • Undead beings like skeletons, zombies, and victims of certain strains of The Virus do not blip at all in this value. There's hardly any controversy about it either.
    • There are some exceptions in the very, very rare works where the zombies are not entirely mindless and retain a bit more personality. One example (albeit a ridiculous one) of this is the 2008 remake of Day of the Dead. It is eventually revealed that zombies who were vegetarian in life not only don't eat people, but are completely non-violent. Because of this, multiple characters argue over whether or not it's okay to kill them. They are zombies, but they aren't hurting anyone.
      • In the original Day of The Dead, there's "Bub", Doctor Logan's star pupil. Bub actually knows how to control his hunger and can carry out basic human actions. Also, he is visibly anguished when Logan is killed. I think he was the most sympathetic character in the film.
      • Of course that point of that was Zombies slowly regain their former selfs, so by the time of Land of the Dead, Zombies for the most part are peaceful and only attack the human city because some assholes were killing them for fun, and even then they clearly ignore the thousands of humans living in slums.
    • Probably the most interesting exception is the web-turned-actual comic Dead Eyes Open where people start coming back to life as zombies, but retain all of their memories and personality. They don't even start eating human flesh. The ramification of intelligent living dead are the focus for the rest of the story.
    • There are other exceptions in cases where someone close to the hero of a story gets turned into a zombie or in-world equivalent. The good guys usually can't bring themselves to pull the trigger on what is still outwardly a loved one. This often leads to a Shoot The Dog moment. A major factor in this is whether or not the infected person's mind or soul has been irretrievably destroyed by whatever overtook them, which often leads to a Find The Cure situation. (Too damn bad about all the nameless assimilated people.)
    • Shoot, the works of Terry Pratchett even include a zombie civil-rights activist, who moonlights as a police officer "Undead? Yes. Un-Person? NO!"
      • Hell, in the same book, after Windle Poons becomes a zombie, he's actually somewhat more alive than most humans.
    • Handling the Dead (Hanteringen av ödöda in Swedish) by John Ajvide Lindqvist is an incredible example of this conflict. The dead come back to life, and depending on how long they've been buried they may even retain basic speech and go through the same routines they did in life. This leads to a social debate about the morality of killing them and if they deserve any basic human rights.
    • Shaun Of The Dead has numerous cases of people "still being people" after they've become zombies.
  • Vampires, while they are technically among the undead, have variable ranges simply because they will usually have more personality. Most characters can kill them anyway even if they're Technical Pacifists. Certain depictions of Batman and King Graham from Kings Quest have killed off Dracula with favorable karmic results, even when killing anything is anathema to them. The idea here, as well as with the other undead mentioned above, may be "Well, technically, they're already dead, so it's okay! And anyway, Vampires are Always Chaotic Evil!"
    • Expect that last detail to make things awkward in fiction where there are good vampires, or vampires who aren't evil, just hungry, operating in the same world.
    • Special mention must be made of Beta Baddies as they are often on the same level as vampires on this scale (and more than a few vampires have been Beta Baddies). These are characters who would be considered normal people were it not for a few very strange differences. The troubling part is this: even though they often look like normal people, even if they go on and on about how they wish they were normal people (and they often gain the audience's sympathy in the process), none of the heroes seem to take any of this into consideration and dispatch them with clean consciences. Eerily, some fiction in which Beta Baddies appear even acknowledge how twisted this is — and let the good guys blithely kill then off anyway. So Yeah.
  • On to living things. The value of the life of a non-human animal in fiction, distressingly, tends to relate directly to how much humans like said animal. Thus dogs are protected by Infant Immortality but snakes, spiders and insects are trampled without a second thought. Sadly, this is Truth In Television. To paraphrase an old Dennis Leary routine about the Endangered Species Act, "You know how this is going to end! Eventually, only the cute and cool animals will get to live!"
    • Not that they appear much as characters in fiction, but plants, protists, fungi, bacteria, and so on and so forth do not count at all on this scale.
      • If a Soapbox Sadie is present, though, you can get a major talking-to for this, but it's never really taken seriously, like the character, and often are played for comedy. However, burning down a forest is considering to be a rather deplorable act, and can be a Moral Event Horizon, especially if said forest is a Genius Loci, but that's a different level altogether.
  • Monsters Of The Week, Giant Monsters and Big Creepy Crawlies are generally treated as huge pests and exterminated as such without much controversy. There are some exceptions. If you are a monster, the more you resemble a more conventional specimen of the creature you are based upon, the fewer people you directly harm, and (most importantly) the more personality you have, the better your chances are for surviving. Some human or other will recognize that you are merely misunderstood and may try to help you. Of course, if you eat that human, you're pretty much boned.
  • If the Big Bad is revealed to be non-human as a Tomato Surprise or assuming his monstrous true form, it usually makes it OK to kill them if it wasn't before.
  • Rubber Forehead Aliens rarely have this problem. As their actors are obviously human, it is easy to transfer the value. Humanoid Animals and Half Human Hybrids tend to get the same protection as a normal human... but it depends on how humanlike they are. If they take up a form that isn't bipedal, rely on their instincts too much, or otherwise start toward the Talking Animal side of things, they can quickly reach the level of monsters-of-the-week.
  • As far as other fantastic races, it often seems that the morality of killing the race depends on how much they resemble humans either culturally or physically. Dwarves, elves, gnomes and halflings all look relatively human, and so killing them is bad, but the bestial-looking orcs, goblins and trolls are evil and should be killed. Other races who obviously are not human, but possess cultural traits such as music or clothing styles that the human audience can easily recognize or identify with, are also given preferential treatment over whatever evil races exist.
  • And then there is an uncomfortable border line occupied by characters who are human — but since they aren't "normal", they aren't considered as such. Good Cyborgs, if the brain is still intact, are almost always considered human, except by strawman persecutors who harass them. Bad Cyborgs are treated on the same scale as Mecha Mooks. Other "partially disembodied" entities, whether they once were humans or were made like that run the entire spectrum from being accepted as variant humans to "kill them just to get rid of squick end their supposedly nightmarish existence and go drink some Brain Bleach". The same can be said for Transhuman characters. Clones, parallel universe duplicates, and other Doppelgangers are often considered expendable, even if they absolutely are biologically human and independent individuals with unique personalities. Restoring an AI from a backup copy is often treated like a Disney Death. This is all provided at least one "instance" of each character survives. ("Sorry, but we only need one flannel shirt-wearing comic relief guy.") The thing is, it should be more like a twin sibling dying. See also Angsty Surviving Twin.

This is often one of the reasons why Humans Are Bastards. It can get especially awkward, however, when it happens in works of fiction where many of the heroes aren't human either, leading to uncomfortable Fridge Logic.

In general, the more thought that is put into the script, the more value nonhuman life will have. This trope is often used as a metaphor for the Real Life issues of animal and human rights. See also What Measure Is A Non Cute, That Poor Plant, and Van Helsing Hate Crimes. The flipside of sorts is What Measure Is A Non Super. Related tropes are Uncanny Valley, Theyd Cut You Up, and Emergency Transformation. See also What Measure Is A Non Unique for more modifying factors on this.

For cases in which this treatment applies to characters who are human, see What Measure Is A Mook, Moral Myopia, Immortal Life Is Cheap, and A Million Is A Statistic.

Examples:

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