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Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
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Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment). Of course, that’s exactly why segregation lasted as long as it did...
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* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy (albeit a widely popular one with a likely constitutional model), while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy. Some places like Tatooine, meanwhile, don't ''have'' a true planetary government.
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* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy (albeit a widely popular one with a likely constitutional model), while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy. Some places like Tatooine, meanwhile, don't ''have'' a true planetary government.government (though it's questionable whether Tatooine is even part of the Republic).
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* The ''Literature/ThousandCultures'' operate much like this. There is political continuity, of a sort, as each human world is linked to each other by trade and law, but there is no cultural hegemony, and as long as some basic standards are kept, no one cares much what each government is doing.
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* In ''Franchise/TheElderScrolls'' series, the various Cyrodiilic Empires have traditionally allowed their provinces to run in a Downplayed version of this trope. Typically, when a province is captured by the Empire, a monarch (usually but not always receiving the title of "King") is appointed by the Emperor to rule the land in the name of the Empire. Often, these monarchs are members of the race native to the province in order to foster positive relations with the natives. One exception who plays the trope straight is Morrowind, homeland of the Dunmer. Protected for thousands of years by their guardian "[[PhysicalGod God-Kings]]", [[DeityOfHumanOrigin the Tribunal]], the Dunmer were able to resist all takeover attempts by the Empires of Men. However, in the 2nd Era, the Dunmer were blocked from "recharging" their divinity by their reformed ancient enemy, Dagoth Ur. With the legions of Tiber Septim threatening to invade, one of the Tribunal, Vivec, met with Septim and offered that Morrowind become a VoluntaryVassal in order to prevent undue suffering to the Dunmer people. Vivec also offered Septim the Numidium, a HumongousMecha of [[OurDwarvesAreAllTheSame Dwemer]] construction, in exchange for special privileges that the other provinces did not get. These included continued free worship of the Tribunal (although the Imperial [[SaintlyChurch Nine Divines]] religion has to be allowed as well), the continued practice of slavery (which was illegal throughout the Empire), and the continued rule of the [[TheClan Great Houses]] (although the Empire still appointed a PuppetKing of Morrowind). The resulting CultureClash can be most prominently seen during the events of ''[[VideoGame/TheElderScrollsIIIMorrowind Morrowind]]''.
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* ''VideoGame/EuropaUniversalis'' has the Holy Roman Empire (detailed in the Real Life section). Though it wasn't until EU3 that different government types existed in terms of the gameplay, thus allowing HRE members to act as different types of government.
** EU4 can also import save files from ''Crusader Kings II'', allowing one to play as a multi-government polity of their own creation.
** EU4 can also import save files from ''Crusader Kings II'', allowing one to play as a multi-government polity of their own creation.
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* ''VideoGame/EuropaUniversalis'' has the Holy Roman Empire (detailed in the Real Life section). Though it wasn't until EU3 EUIII that different government types existed in terms of the gameplay, thus allowing HRE members to act as different types of government.
**EU4 EUIV can also import save files from ''Crusader Kings II'', allowing one to play as a multi-government polity of their own creation.
**
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** EU4 can also import save files from ''Crusader Kings II'', allowing one to play as a multi-government polity of their own creation.
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* ''TabletopGame/TwentyThreeHundredAD'' has the Confederation of Palestine, where the area currently held by Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine becomes one nation with four cooperating governments. Each government rules its own citizens, and the four governments together manage international relations.
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* The UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire was a patchwork of feudal estates, clerical states, and free cities.
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* The UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire was a patchwork of feudal estates, clerical states, and free cities. Towards its end, the joke about it was that [[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny it didn't fulfill any part of its name]].
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* The Dutch East Indies operated in much the same way, with a number of quasi-indepentent Sultanates (''"Zelfbesturen"'', i.e. ''"Self-Rulees"''), beholden to the colonial government but more or less sovereign over their own citizens.
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* ''VideoGame/EuropaUniversalis'' has the Holy Roman Empire (detailed in the Real Life section). Though it wasn't until EU3 that different government types existed in terms of the gameplay, thus allowing HRE members to act as different types of government.
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* In the Literature/{{Emberverse}}, the High Kingdom of Montival encompasses a variety of smaller political units. While a number of these are kingdoms, other forms of government are also represented, including representative (Boise) and direct (Topanga) democracies, oligarchies (Corvallis), theocracies (Deseret), tribal councils (the Seven Fires Council), and clan chiefs and councils (Mackenzie).
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* In the Literature/{{Emberverse}}, ''Literature/{{Emberverse}}'', the High Kingdom of Montival encompasses a variety of smaller political units. While a number of these are kingdoms, other forms of government are also represented, including representative (Boise) and direct (Topanga) democracies, oligarchies (Corvallis), theocracies (Deseret), tribal councils (the Seven Fires Council), and clan chiefs and councils (Mackenzie).
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* The Lycian League of ''VideoGame/FireEmblemBindingBlade'' and ''VideoGame/FireEmblemTheBlazingSword'' are a collection of duchies and marquisdoms, each with their own ruler but allied and pledged to support one another if one comes under attack. At least, that's the idea; in practice, some of them prove quite willing to sell each other out when TheEmpire comes calling.
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* The Lycian League of ''VideoGame/FireEmblemBindingBlade'' ''VideoGame/FireEmblemTheBindingBlade'' and ''VideoGame/FireEmblemTheBlazingSword'' ''VideoGame/FireEmblemTheBlazingBlade'' are a collection of duchies and marquisdoms, each with their own ruler but allied and pledged to support one another if one comes under attack. At least, that's the idea; in practice, some of them prove quite willing to sell each other out when TheEmpire comes calling.
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* ''Fanfic/EarthsAlienHistory'' has the Terran Treaty Organization, which is formally TheAlliance but in practice is basically TheFederation. Its charter (heavily based on the United States Bill of Rights) does enforce certain democratic and republican principles and freedoms as requirements for membership, its members are otherwise granted full autonomy in both internal and external political matters.
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* ''Fanfic/EarthsAlienHistory'' has the Terran Treaty Organization, which is formally TheAlliance but in practice is basically TheFederation. Its charter (heavily based on the United States Bill of Rights) does enforce certain democratic and republican principles and freedoms as requirements for membership, but its members are otherwise granted full autonomy in both internal and external political matters.
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Folderizing.
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* Within UsefulNotes/TheRaj, the various princely states operated like this, led by [[LesCollaborateurs native monarchs]] who became {{voluntary vassal}}s of UsefulNotes/TheBritishEmpire in exchange for cementation of their local status.
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* Within UsefulNotes/TheRaj, the various princely states operated like this, led by [[LesCollaborateurs native monarchs]] who became {{voluntary vassal}}s of UsefulNotes/TheBritishEmpire in exchange for cementation of their local status.status.
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* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy, while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy.
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* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy, monarchy (albeit a widely popular one with a likely constitutional model), while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy.
monarchy. Some places like Tatooine, meanwhile, don't ''have'' a true planetary government.
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* In the Literature/{{Emberverse}}, the High Kingdom of Montival encompasses a variety of smaller political units. While a number of these are kingdoms, other forms of government are also represented, including representative (Boise) and direct (Topanga) democracies, oligarchies (Corvallis), theocracies (Deseret), tribal councils (the Seven Fires Council), and clan chiefs and councils (Mackenzie).
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* The "Hundred Thousand Kingdoms" of N. K. Jemison's ''Literature/InheritanceTrilogy'' are all client states to the ruling Arameri family, and send representatives to the city of Sky to participate in a parliament-type body. Old enmities and AllowedInternalWar are still maintained, but nobody is allowed to technically shed blood without Arameri permission. This sometimes results in an army waltzing in and conquering a neighbor simply by showing up.
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* The Lycian League of ''VideoGame/FireEmblemBindingBlade'' and ''VideoGame/FireEmblemTheBlazingSword'' are a collection of duchies and marquisdoms, each with their own ruler but allied and pledged to support one another if one comes under attack. At least, that's the idea; in practice, some of them prove quite willing to sell each other out when TheEmpire comes calling.
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Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
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Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).Amendment).
* Within UsefulNotes/TheRaj, the various princely states operated like this, led by [[LesCollaborateurs native monarchs]] who became {{voluntary vassal}}s of UsefulNotes/TheBritishEmpire in exchange for cementation of their local status.
* Within UsefulNotes/TheRaj, the various princely states operated like this, led by [[LesCollaborateurs native monarchs]] who became {{voluntary vassal}}s of UsefulNotes/TheBritishEmpire in exchange for cementation of their local status.
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* ''Fanfic/EarthsAlienHistory'' has the Terran Treaty Organization, which is formally TheAlliance but in practice is basically TheFederation. Its charter (heavily based on the United States Bill of Rights) does enforce certain democratic and republican principles and freedoms as requirements for membership, its members are otherwise granted full autonomy in both internal and external political matters.
* ''Fanfic/EarthsAlienHistory'' has the Terran Treaty Organization, which is formally TheAlliance but in practice is basically TheFederation. Its charter (heavily based on the United States Bill of Rights) does enforce certain democratic and republican principles and freedoms as requirements for membership, its members are otherwise granted full autonomy in both internal and external political matters.
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* ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer40000}}'': Given the difficulties in interstellar travel and the vastly different living conditions of different planets, there is little incentive or attempt at making a universal system of government: there's usually a planetary governor who may or may not have inherited his position, and as long as he pays the tithes on time and keeps heresy stamped out he's pretty much left to his own devices (the Inquisition is always happy to send an assassin in cases of incompetence or treachery). Space Marine recruiting worlds and forge worlds are also exceptions to Imperial rule (as much as the Administratum would like to change that), as they form their own hermetic societies within the Imperium.
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* ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer40000}}'': ''TabletopGame/Warhammer40000'': Given the difficulties in interstellar travel and the vastly different living conditions of different planets, there is little incentive or attempt at making a universal system of government: there's usually a planetary governor who may or may not have inherited his position, and as long as he pays the tithes on time and keeps heresy stamped out he's pretty much left to his own devices (the Inquisition is always happy to send an assassin in cases of incompetence or treachery). Space Marine recruiting worlds and forge worlds are also exceptions to Imperial rule (as much as the Administratum would like to change that), as they form their own hermetic societies within the Imperium.
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* The main setting of ''VideoGame/TheLegendOfHeroesTrailsInTheSky'' is a form of this. The Kingdom of Liberl is a traditional hereditary monarchy ruled by a queen. It's divided into five regions made up of a capital city and the surrounding villages and farms. Each city is run by a mayor, but the position varies in the different regions; Bose's leadership is implied to be hereditary, Ruan's leadership is explicitly run by a hereditary nobility (and experiments with democracy after the mayor is arrested and stripped of his position without an heir), and Zeiss is a corporate dominion run by the local Central Factory and doesn't have a mayor (the factory's director also handles governance.) Meanwhile, Grancel is the seat of the national government and is therefor governed directly by the Liberl queen and doesn't have a local government.
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small cleanup
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), Nebraska has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
** Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
** Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), Nebraska has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
**mayor.\\\
Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
**
Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
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* One of the [[UrExample earliest recorded examples]] was the Achaemenid Persian Empire (you know, the one established by UsefulNotes/CyrusTheGreat). The Persians had a reputation for not caring how their subject peoples ran their domestic affairs as long as they paid their taxes and didn't revolt. As a consequence, various forms of non-monarchical rule were allowed to continue in certain parts of the empire, including Athens-like democracies in the Greek cities of Persian-ruled Ionia (what is now western Turkey), oligarchies in the cities of Phoenicia, and rule by the High Priests in Judah.
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* One of the [[UrExample earliest recorded examples]] was the Achaemenid Persian Empire (you know, the one established by UsefulNotes/CyrusTheGreat). The Persians had a reputation for not caring how their subject peoples ran their domestic affairs as long as they paid their taxes and didn't revolt. As a consequence, various forms of non-monarchical rule were allowed to continue in certain parts of the empire, including Athens-like democracies in the Greek cities of Persian-ruled Ionia (what is now western Turkey), oligarchies in the cities of Phoenicia, and rule by the High Priests in Judah. And of course, when the locals did traditionally have a monarchy, the Persians usually allowed it to survive in some form; frequently, the last independent ruler would have been given an opportunity to surrender and remain on the throne, so the situation on the ground would have hardly changed at all. (This did not happen with certain subject peoples who had resisted fiercely and were prone to revolt; [[UsefulNotes/AncientEgypt Egypt]] was a particular headache for successive generations of Persian kings, as was Babylonia.)
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* One of the [[UrExample earliest recorded examples]] was the Achaemenid Persian Empire (you know, the one established by UsefulNotes/CyrusTheGreat). The Persians had a reputation for not caring how their subject peoples ran their domestic affairs as long as they paid their taxes and didn't revolt. As a consequence, various forms of non-monarchical rule were allowed to continue in certain parts of the empire, including Athens-like democracies in the Greek cities of Persian-ruled Ionia (what is now western Turkey), oligarchies in the cities of Phoenicia, and rule by the High Priests in Judah.
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), Nebraska has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), Nebraska has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.mayor.
** Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
** Historically, there was greater variation, with a number of states trying various ways of doing things; the most famous is probably UsefulNotes/{{Pennsylvania}}'s Constitution of 1776, which experimented with a unicameral legislature and multi-member ("directorial") Supreme Executive Council rather than a unitary governor. (This system inspired both the short-lived Directory of the post-Thermidorian [[UsefulNotes/FrenchPoliticalSystem First French Republic]] and--through that--the current structure of UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}'s federal government.) Even today, there is nothing that prevents American states from experimenting with new structures of (democratic) government, so long as they are "republican" (as required by the text of the Constitution, so no making up a Principality of Delaware with a [=DuPont=] as ceremonial constitutional monarch) and respect the principle of one-person-one-vote (under the Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment).
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* [[AncientGreece Post-Alexandrian Greek kings]] would often found new city states inside their empires, often with a government based on the Athenian constitution, and give them a great deal of autonomy.
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), UsefulNotes/{{Nebraska}} has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
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* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), UsefulNotes/{{Nebraska}} Nebraska has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
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no need to pluralize war
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This kind of polity tends to be prone to {{Allowed Internal War}}s though.
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This kind of polity tends to be prone to {{Allowed Internal War}}s AllowedInternalWar, though.
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Most modern western audiences, especially in the United States of America, are used to modern local/sub-national governments acting like miniaturized versions of their national government. But historically that wasn't always the case and some fiction reflects that.
TheFederation might form from an alliance of kingdoms and republics, or TheEmpire might allow subjugated governments to run their territories for them.
This kind of polity tends to be prone to {{Allowed Internal War}}s though.
----
!!Examples
[[AC: Anime and Manga]]
* ''LightNovel/Overlord2012'': After Ainz [[spoiler:unintentionally vassalizes]] the Empire, there are only two major changes in the law, as Ainz has quite enough trouble ruling his own domain: the place of Nazarick denizens (above everyone else), and condemned criminals are to be shipped off to Nazarick. [[spoiler:And it turned out one guy was framed, so he was sent back to the Empire.]] The Emperor is seen to be a lot happier once this happens, both because he no longer has to worry about Ainz invading him, effortlessly destroying the work he and his ancestors worked so hard to build up over the years, but also because Nazarick now uses its own inexhaustible military to defend the Empire's borders (he finds that his workload is now vastly lightened, because whenever a complaint he can't deal with himself comes to him, he only has to send back "take it up with Ainz" for the complainer to suddenly decide it wasn't that important).
[[AC: Film]]
* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy, while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy.
[[AC: Literature]]
* ''Franchise/StarTrekExpandedUniverse'' and ''Franchise/StarTrekNovelverse'':
** Member states of the United Federation of Planets use a variety of forms of democratic government. For example, United Earth has a president and a separate prime minister, Vulcan is ruled by an elected executive council, Trill is stated to have a president and senate, and Bajor (joined in 2376) is a presidential republic with significant elements of TheTheocracy.
** ''Literature/StarTrekArticlesOfTheFederation'' also states that the Articles of Federation (the Federation's constitution) leaves selection methods for Federation Councillors (federal legislators) up to member states: Bajor's is appointed by the First Minister and confirmed by the Chamber of Ministers, while Betazed uses direct popular election.
* In Creator/MCAHogarth's ''Literature/{{Paradox}}'' universe the Alliance is governed on the whole by representative democracy but some member planets are governed by other ways, such as feudalism for the Hinichi.
* The Empire of the Star in the ''Literature/{{Eldraeverse}}'' contains several polities of different types including direct democracies and corporate states, though not representative democracies as they decided long ago that was a bad idea.
* In the ''Literature/ParaImperium'' 'verse the Federation of Parahuman Species encompasses numerous planets of different forms of government. Of the three Core Worlds alone Alpha Centauri (the capital) is a HereditaryRepublic, Tau Ceti is a post-feudal constitutional monarchy, and Epsilon Eridani is a [[OneNationUnderCopyright corporate technocracy]].
* In ''Literature/KrisLongknife'', the United Sentients/United Society (what the protagonist's home planet Wardhaven's political bloc names itself after the dissolution of the Society of Humanity in the first book) is technically a constitutional ElectiveMonarchy, with a relatively powerful elected king (the protagonist's great-grandfather Raymond Longknife) who serves a single 25-year term and advises the legislature. Member planets are permitted any form of government they choose, provided it's a democracy in some form and makes provisions to protect any minority groups on the planet: New Eden, one of the oldest settled planets in human space, has three vice presidents and three legislative houses (one for each of the original Earth nations that settled it), while Hikila is a constitutional monarchy with a legislature organized by city-states and a queen permitted a veto on measures she views as impinging on the islanders' culture.
[[AC: Tabletop Games]]
* In ''TabletopGame/{{Traveller}}'' the Third Imperium is feudal on the interstellar level, owing to the difficulties of [[UngovernableGalaxy galactic governance]], but individual planets are left to govern themselves.
* ''TabletopGame/WarhammerFantasy'': The Empire is made up up multiple territories belonging to various nobles, who theoretically owe fealty to the Emperor. There's also the city of Marienburg, which purchased its freedom centuries earlier and which the Empire would very much like to get back, as it's just about the only port where elves will trade.
* ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer40000}}'': Given the difficulties in interstellar travel and the vastly different living conditions of different planets, there is little incentive or attempt at making a universal system of government: there's usually a planetary governor who may or may not have inherited his position, and as long as he pays the tithes on time and keeps heresy stamped out he's pretty much left to his own devices (the Inquisition is always happy to send an assassin in cases of incompetence or treachery). Space Marine recruiting worlds and forge worlds are also exceptions to Imperial rule (as much as the Administratum would like to change that), as they form their own hermetic societies within the Imperium.
[[AC: Video Games]]
* In ''VideoGame/CrusaderKingsII'' it is entirely possible to mix-and-match government forms within a given realm, with some areas controlled by theocracies, others by republics or merchant republics, and others under feudalism. There is a -20 opinion penalty from vassals ranked count or above towards a liege of a different government type. It's particularly common for players with feudal [=PCs=] to create a vassal merchant republic, which tends to pay more taxes than feudal vassals do.
* ''Franchise/MassEffect'': The Citadel is essentially a FictionalUnitedNations, with the ruling Citadel Council, composed of representatives of the asari, turians, and salarians (and later the humans), given close to absolute power in mediating disputes between members. Member states vary in governance: the Asari Republics are a confederation of e-democracies (with considerable variation between them), the Turian Hierarchy is a meritocratic military dictatorship, the Salarian Union is a feudal state, and the human Systems Alliance is a federation of Earth nation-states and colonies.
* Though some AI personalities and ideological factions don't get along with certain types of government, ''VideoGame/{{Stellaris}}'' allows dictatorships and democracies to get together and form a Federation, or for one to vassalize another.
[[AC: Real Life]]
* UsefulNotes/TheRomanRepublic and early Empire tended to leave the prior governments of their provinces in place, albeit watched by a Roman governor and a few Legions to keep them in line. Though sometimes these local rulers and ethnarchs got unruly and were deposed and replaced with direct Roman rule, as with Cleopatra.
* The UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire was a patchwork of feudal estates, clerical states, and free cities.
* The Peoples Republic of UsefulNotes/{{China}} has two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau, with local governments that are allowed multiple parties in elections.
* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), UsefulNotes/{{Nebraska}} has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
TheFederation might form from an alliance of kingdoms and republics, or TheEmpire might allow subjugated governments to run their territories for them.
This kind of polity tends to be prone to {{Allowed Internal War}}s though.
----
!!Examples
[[AC: Anime and Manga]]
* ''LightNovel/Overlord2012'': After Ainz [[spoiler:unintentionally vassalizes]] the Empire, there are only two major changes in the law, as Ainz has quite enough trouble ruling his own domain: the place of Nazarick denizens (above everyone else), and condemned criminals are to be shipped off to Nazarick. [[spoiler:And it turned out one guy was framed, so he was sent back to the Empire.]] The Emperor is seen to be a lot happier once this happens, both because he no longer has to worry about Ainz invading him, effortlessly destroying the work he and his ancestors worked so hard to build up over the years, but also because Nazarick now uses its own inexhaustible military to defend the Empire's borders (he finds that his workload is now vastly lightened, because whenever a complaint he can't deal with himself comes to him, he only has to send back "take it up with Ainz" for the complainer to suddenly decide it wasn't that important).
[[AC: Film]]
* In ''Franchise/StarWars'', the Old Republic appears to be a parliamentary republic and the Galactic Empire is a dictatorship, but member states take multiple forms: Alderaan appears to be a hereditary monarchy, while Naboo is some form of presidential republic that uses the titles and regalia of a monarchy.
[[AC: Literature]]
* ''Franchise/StarTrekExpandedUniverse'' and ''Franchise/StarTrekNovelverse'':
** Member states of the United Federation of Planets use a variety of forms of democratic government. For example, United Earth has a president and a separate prime minister, Vulcan is ruled by an elected executive council, Trill is stated to have a president and senate, and Bajor (joined in 2376) is a presidential republic with significant elements of TheTheocracy.
** ''Literature/StarTrekArticlesOfTheFederation'' also states that the Articles of Federation (the Federation's constitution) leaves selection methods for Federation Councillors (federal legislators) up to member states: Bajor's is appointed by the First Minister and confirmed by the Chamber of Ministers, while Betazed uses direct popular election.
* In Creator/MCAHogarth's ''Literature/{{Paradox}}'' universe the Alliance is governed on the whole by representative democracy but some member planets are governed by other ways, such as feudalism for the Hinichi.
* The Empire of the Star in the ''Literature/{{Eldraeverse}}'' contains several polities of different types including direct democracies and corporate states, though not representative democracies as they decided long ago that was a bad idea.
* In the ''Literature/ParaImperium'' 'verse the Federation of Parahuman Species encompasses numerous planets of different forms of government. Of the three Core Worlds alone Alpha Centauri (the capital) is a HereditaryRepublic, Tau Ceti is a post-feudal constitutional monarchy, and Epsilon Eridani is a [[OneNationUnderCopyright corporate technocracy]].
* In ''Literature/KrisLongknife'', the United Sentients/United Society (what the protagonist's home planet Wardhaven's political bloc names itself after the dissolution of the Society of Humanity in the first book) is technically a constitutional ElectiveMonarchy, with a relatively powerful elected king (the protagonist's great-grandfather Raymond Longknife) who serves a single 25-year term and advises the legislature. Member planets are permitted any form of government they choose, provided it's a democracy in some form and makes provisions to protect any minority groups on the planet: New Eden, one of the oldest settled planets in human space, has three vice presidents and three legislative houses (one for each of the original Earth nations that settled it), while Hikila is a constitutional monarchy with a legislature organized by city-states and a queen permitted a veto on measures she views as impinging on the islanders' culture.
[[AC: Tabletop Games]]
* In ''TabletopGame/{{Traveller}}'' the Third Imperium is feudal on the interstellar level, owing to the difficulties of [[UngovernableGalaxy galactic governance]], but individual planets are left to govern themselves.
* ''TabletopGame/WarhammerFantasy'': The Empire is made up up multiple territories belonging to various nobles, who theoretically owe fealty to the Emperor. There's also the city of Marienburg, which purchased its freedom centuries earlier and which the Empire would very much like to get back, as it's just about the only port where elves will trade.
* ''TabletopGame/{{Warhammer40000}}'': Given the difficulties in interstellar travel and the vastly different living conditions of different planets, there is little incentive or attempt at making a universal system of government: there's usually a planetary governor who may or may not have inherited his position, and as long as he pays the tithes on time and keeps heresy stamped out he's pretty much left to his own devices (the Inquisition is always happy to send an assassin in cases of incompetence or treachery). Space Marine recruiting worlds and forge worlds are also exceptions to Imperial rule (as much as the Administratum would like to change that), as they form their own hermetic societies within the Imperium.
[[AC: Video Games]]
* In ''VideoGame/CrusaderKingsII'' it is entirely possible to mix-and-match government forms within a given realm, with some areas controlled by theocracies, others by republics or merchant republics, and others under feudalism. There is a -20 opinion penalty from vassals ranked count or above towards a liege of a different government type. It's particularly common for players with feudal [=PCs=] to create a vassal merchant republic, which tends to pay more taxes than feudal vassals do.
* ''Franchise/MassEffect'': The Citadel is essentially a FictionalUnitedNations, with the ruling Citadel Council, composed of representatives of the asari, turians, and salarians (and later the humans), given close to absolute power in mediating disputes between members. Member states vary in governance: the Asari Republics are a confederation of e-democracies (with considerable variation between them), the Turian Hierarchy is a meritocratic military dictatorship, the Salarian Union is a feudal state, and the human Systems Alliance is a federation of Earth nation-states and colonies.
* Though some AI personalities and ideological factions don't get along with certain types of government, ''VideoGame/{{Stellaris}}'' allows dictatorships and democracies to get together and form a Federation, or for one to vassalize another.
[[AC: Real Life]]
* UsefulNotes/TheRomanRepublic and early Empire tended to leave the prior governments of their provinces in place, albeit watched by a Roman governor and a few Legions to keep them in line. Though sometimes these local rulers and ethnarchs got unruly and were deposed and replaced with direct Roman rule, as with Cleopatra.
* The UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire was a patchwork of feudal estates, clerical states, and free cities.
* The Peoples Republic of UsefulNotes/{{China}} has two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau, with local governments that are allowed multiple parties in elections.
* States of the UsefulNotes/UnitedStatesOfAmerica all have a government fairly similar to the federal government, with an executive governor, a legislature, and a court system. However, there are great differences in detail from state to state: governors and lieutenant governors have varying levels of power, many states elect their judges and/or cabinet secretaries (federal judges and secretaries are appointed by the President), UsefulNotes/{{Nebraska}} has a nonpartisan and unicameral legislature (unique in the country), and there is significant variety in the use of popular referenda for legal action (referenda are not used at the federal level at all). At the local level, many cities have a "city manager" hired by the town council rather than an elected mayor.
