In Stealing the Elf-King's Roses, the position of the Laurin, the King of All Elves, turns out to be something like this. The world of Alfheim has a will of its own, and the title of the Laurin must be held by an Alfen who possesses a strong enough command of "worldmastery" to understand that they are a servant to that will rather than the master of it. A good bit of the plot is set into motion by the current Laurin's fear of what would happen if the people of other worlds succeeded in invading Alfheim and wiping out the Alfen without any understanding of worldmastery, and the resolution of the storyline hings on the fact that, as the Laurin himself states, "As I go, so go my people."
In The Tale of the Five, Kings and Lords are bound to their lands. In times of famine, a Lord may be sacrificed to the land by his people, his body being plowed into the soil; this normally helps matters. One of the signs of the evil taking over the land is it interfering with that ancient bond.
In Hexwood, Reigner Two (who is "King Ambitas" of the illusory Arthurian castle created by the Bannus) has clearly heard of the legend and cannily uses his "wound" (actually just a bruise) to delay indefinitely doing anything very much, especially marrying Reigner Three.
In The Merlin Conspiracy, the weather and magic in general in the Isles of Blest goes wrong when the people in power are corrupt — though notably this starts happening before they have persuaded the king to abdicate in favour of his more pliable teenage son. It doesn't help that the king's weather wizard has been kidnapped, leaving Blest stuck with oppressively hot weather. However, in an inversion of this trope, it's necessary to "raise the land" to get rid of the corrupt leaders, not the other way about.
In A Sudden Wild Magic, the magical imbalance between Earth and the Pentarchy causes the gods of the Pentarchy to become ill and weak, and the lands to suffer climate change. In order for the imbalance to be removed, the political figures whose actions caused it must either die or redress the imbalance by leaving the Pentarchy for Earth.
Her The Tough Guide to Fantasyland mentions that many kings have this relationship with their country. Absent or incompetent kings have a very bad effect on the environment, which Jones speculates is why Food choices are so limited in Fantasyland.
In the Heralds of Valdemar series, monarchs with a strong Earth Sense (a kind of passive empathy that tends to run in noble families) can ritually bind themselves to their land. Doing so not only links their health to the earth's health, it gives them the ability to sense what is happening on their soil. This tends to result in good rulers, since any mismanagement of the land will hurt them. After Ancar usurps the throne of Hardorn, he damages the land by draining its magical energy for his own use. After he gets taken down, the locals insist that his replacement accept a magical link to the land to prevent him from doing the same, since harming the land would mean harming himself. Since the land is still damaged when this happens, this is rather unpleasant for the new king at first.
In Tales of the Five Hundred Kingdoms, this is seen as a manifestation of "The Tradition", a universal force that basically compels the world to act out fairy tales. As Godmother Bella explains to Elena in the first book, her kingdom's prosperous nature comes from having a good king and queen. Andie's Acadia in the second book always relatively pleasant thanks to all the songs and poetry about their fair weather. Except when it comes time for a sacrifice — gloomy grey days for the drugged ones or thunderous storms for the fighters. And in the third book, the worst one happens when an Evil Jinn takes up residence in a castle, forcing the entire area to turn into a fierce desert that grows as he gets stronger.
Tim Powers has visited this terrain more than once:
The villain of Last Call is a gangster who established himself as Fisher King for the American West — based in Las Vegas, naturally — and uses Black Magic to steal bodies to become immortal; the heroes refer to him as 'Saturn'. Notably, the novel contains many references to The Waste Land, and it's established that the last Fisher King before the villain was Bugsy Siegel. In the sequel, Earthquake Weather, the protagonist of Last Call has become the new Fisher King.
The Drawing of the Dark: It is implied that the 1529 siege of Vienna (a real historical event) happened because the western Fisher King was sick, inviting an attack from the Eastern King. When the Western King is treated, the Turkish army gives up and goes away.
Examples by work:
"Bigfoot Dreams": Because bigfoot is a spiritual creature that exists between worlds, its presence is given away by a sudden shift in atmosphere. The sky turning different colors, trees taking on weird shapes, unusual smells in the air, and so on.
The Book of Lost Things follows a boy named David as he enters a Crapsack World of warped fairy tales managed by a failing fisher king. Because the aging king's hold on the land is weakening, monsters are beginning to appear, and a famine has struck the kingdom. Beyond even that, it turns out that the fairy-tale land is changed by the fears and desires of the children cursed to rule it. The wolfmen only exist at all because the king was afraid of wolves as a boy.
In The Book of the Dun Cow, the natural goodness of the animals is what keeps the Big Bad trapped underneath the earth. In turn, his main plan of escape involves terrorizing and killing them, taking advantage of one leader's weakness to corrupt him into fathering an Eldritch Abomination.
In Chalice, the Master of a demesne is a Fisher King. Apparently, that is not enough: the demesne needs an entire Fisher Court to run properly. Every demesne is like this, and part of the reason things were so unbalanced is that the emperor (the Master of the Masters) was a corrupt, evil man.
The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant: In the Second Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, Lord Foul is a sort of Fisher King, or rather the Fisher King's illness. His presence corrupts the magical Earthpower, causing the Sunbane which warps the Land's weather so severely that travel is impossible without powerful magic. His defeat allows Linden to restore the natural order.
Duncton Wood: After Mandrake is usurped from the titular Duncton Wood (A murderous unstable tyrant who already made things pretty worse off in the beginning), his Treacherous Advisor Rune took control of the system of moles, and managed to make things even "WORSE" than they'd ever been. He enforces grave and brutal punishments to moles who commit misdemeanor, such as being cannibalized, blinded, maimed, having their snouts crushed, among other terrible things.
Discworld runs on principles of sympathetic magic, so there are clear examples, but never quite played straight:
Lancre doesn't care if its king is good or evil, but it will rebel against a king who doesn't like the country itself. It is compared to a dog that doesn't care what its master does with it, but wants a master who cares for it. This reflects how Lancre's residents share the pragmatic view everyday life really isn't affected by kings most of the time.
Captain Carrot has a remarkable ability to bring people around to his point of view, even if said people are residents of Ankh-Morpork. Practically everyone in the city knows him; he's also very well-liked, and no one has been known to actually dislike him. Part of his charisma may come from his naturally humble and bright outlook on life. Of course, it could also be attributable to the fact that he is the rightful heir to the vacated throne of Ankh-Morpork, and in the Disc's magical environment, such titles carry a lot more meaning behind them.
Granny Weatherwax hints at this kind of relationship between Tiffany Aching and her home of the Chalk Hills.
Dora Wilk Series: In Exorcisms of Dora Wilk, the area where the main villain of the book lives is dying, rotten and plagued by a variety of poisonous creatures, not to mention smelling like death. It's disputable whether it's directly because of the villain's aura, or it's the magic circle he set up sucking out all the life from the area.
The concept of the king having a connection to the land is discussed in The Dresden Files in regards to the Knights of the Cross. Three Knights, one for each Sword embedded with one of the Nails from Jesus' Crucifixion, travel the world doing His will and helping the people as they need it. The three named Knights have connection to ancient Kings, including Charlemagne, Saladin, King of Egypt during the Crusades, the line of Kings who ruled Okinawa. Add to that the Swords they bear have had different names in the past. Fidelacchius, Esperacchius, and Amoracchius have been called, respectively, the Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi, Durandal, and Excalibur. The protagonist Harry Dresden wonders if in this modern era of kingdom-less times, is this trope being used as part of the calling for these modern day bearers of Royal Blood?
In the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel The Crooked World, the Doctor and his companions inadvertently become this when they arrive on a world populated entirely by cartoon animals, soon realising that their presence is introducing new concepts as the original natives break out of their old routines and even become capable of killing each other. It is established at the end of the novel that the world was originally created when a young girl crash-landed on the initially blank planet in an escape pod, her childish perceptions of old cartoons shaping the world around her before she finally died.
In An Elegy for the Still-living, the fisher king of Arthurian legend appears, though he is strangely warped and resembles a mirror image of Francis. Because he has gone mad, the land is rotting away.
In the Enchanted Forest Chronicles, the eponymous forest apparently has a kind of low-level sentience, which is linked to the status of its king. If he dies, the forest reacts in a dramatic fashion. As one character mentions, reflecting on a prior such occasion, "none of us got any sleep for three weeks."
In Expecting Someone Taller, Malcolm Fisher discovers that owning The Ring of the Nibelung and being the secret ruler of the world means that his moods and attitudes have a global impact. Fortunately, he's a nice guy (the first one ever to bear the ring), and so he takes great effort to avoid anything that might upset him or make him angry.
Forest Kingdom: In book 2 (Blood and Honor), Castle Midnight starts sliding into a hellish state without a King. As soon as a King is on the throne again the darkness subsides.
In The Girl from the Miracles District, the health of the District is directly tied to the Pillars, a group of people the spell which created the place declared the keys to preserving itself. Should something happen to a Pillar, something will happen to the District as well.
Though he is relatively incompetent as Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge wasn't a Death Eater and was merely a democratically elected official, and as such, the wizarding world was, for the most part, a joyous place. Diagon Alley was lively and fun. Other wizarding communities were mostly peaceful. When Voldemort started to have a grip over the wizarding world in the sixth book (and downright took complete control in the seventh), Diagon Alley became barren and other wizarding (and non-wizarding) communities became dark, dreary, and chilly. Admittedly, the former is justified in that the Death Eaters roamed Diagon Alley, and the latter is justified because Voldemort had Dementors roaming through the villages, and they have that sort of effect on their current environment.
A magically justified case occurs with the Room of Requirement, which produces books, targets, and any materials its user needs on a whim.
In Holes, Stanley Yelnats is sent to a juvenile detention facility called Camp Green Lake. There's no lake there, however, since it hasn't rained for over a hundred years, ever since the local townsfolk murdered a black man for falling in love with a white woman. At the end of the story, Stanley unknowingly fulfills a promise made by his ancestor, thus breaking a curse on his own family — and it rains at Camp Green Lake.
Incarnations of Immortality: In Being a Green Mother, Gaea's fury over being deceived by the man she's in love with triggers massive earth-wide storms. Later, when she's grieving, her tears are echoed by worldwide rain.
Inkmistress: The Zumordan monarchs must have a bond with the gods. Otherwise, the gods will leave, causing the realm to decay. However, this is stopped by Asra using a blood spell to change the future.
In Inne Pieśni (Other Songs) by Polish author Jacek Dukaj, world is ruled by both "casual" kings (who do not exhibit this trope) and kratistoi, virtually demigods whose Determinator-plus level force of will influences both people and land of their domains.
"The Chapel Perilous" is a short story in the Iron Druid Chronicles series that retells the Holy Grail quest through Atticus' eyes, as he was the one who found it, and it was actually Dagda's cauldron, which contained a never-ending supply of food. The Fisher King ruled what would eventually become Wales, but was an undead puppet for the Pict necromancer who had stolen the cauldron. The Fisher King was bound to the land, thus causing it to die. The people outside the keep were able to fish, but fish was all they had to eat. Atticus, having been tasked by Ogma to retrieve the cauldron, dispatched the necromancer and the king, which allowed the land to recover.
The fairy kingdom of Lost-hope in Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell. Under the dominion of the Gentleman with the thistle-down hair, an amorally cruel and capricious and extremely narcissistic fairy, it is a sad and dismal place, a derelict manor on a windswept moor surrounded by a dark leafless wood, with the remains of ancient battles rotting outside. The fairy inhabitants spend their time in endless balls, they have "idled away their days in pointless pleasures and in celebrations of past cruelties". After the Gentleman with the thistle-down hair is defeated and the new king approaches, Lost-hope becomes a gentler place, more ancient and primeval but also "possessed of a spirit of freshness, of innocence", and the barren winter trees start to show the first hints of fresh green. The Gentleman also does this to Venice while Strange is living there, turning into a Goth Punk city as part of a plan to drive Strange insane.
Labyrinths of Echo has not-quite-real worlds, including ones accidentally born out of dreams, working like this and usually dying with their creator — unless or until they acquire full independent reality. The latter, at least according to one ancient being, is the whole purpose of Arbiters' existence, not that they aren't apt to accidentally create such near-realities themselves.
In both the film and the book The Last Unicorn, the land of King Haggard (exactly like he sounds) is a barren wasteland. (With, in the book, one particular exception.) When he dies and is succeeded by his adopted son, the countryside begins to bloom again, though part of that was because all the unicorns in the world went stampeding across it after being freed from the Red Bull. Given the apparent powers of unicorns, that would tend to springify the place.
In The Lightlark Saga, King Oro is magically connected to Lightlark, especially as his ancestors helped create the island. Oro reveals that because of the curses he's terminally ill, which begins causing the island to crumble. This puts even more pressure on the rulers to find a way to break the curses this Centennial, otherwise the island will be lost forever and with it their chance to ever be rid of the curses.
Invoked in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, where the White Witch, who has usurped the throne of Narnia, has cast a spell over the land so that it is "always winter and never Christmas" to match her cold, cruel personality. When Aslan arrives to end her reign, the spell breaks, and the land begins to become warmer.
Escalated in The Lords of Dûs, in which it is not the ruling king who influences the land, but the ruling god who influences the world. Each of the gods rules the world for a given age, and during that age, the world reflects their nature. The novel begins during the Age of the Goddess of Decay when all the kingdoms are in decline. It transitions into the Age of Destruction and wars break out. The ultimate fear of many characters is when the Fifteenth Age begins, ruled by the God of Death.
In Magic Kingdom for Sale — SOLD!, the palace of Sterling Silver and her magical, self-stocking larder are tarnished, decrepit and dying from years of neglect and ruin. The old rulers set up a contract to "sell" the kingdom of Landover to anyone who wanted to be king, filling the throne but leaving the kingdom both morally and spiritually bereft. It was almost worse for the kingdom than having no king at all. Widower Ben Holiday only takes the job because he thinks it's a hoax and he needs some relief from his grief. However, he turns out to be exactly the moral, spiritual guardian for which the kingdom was starving. He and Landover end up healing each other.
In the Marla Mason novel Lady of Misrule, a chaos witch uses a spell to make herself into a Fisher King of the city of Felport, becoming the titular Lady of Misrule.
Merry Gentry: The Courts of Faerie are only as alive and fertile as their rulers. Both Taranis (Seelie Court) and Andais (Unseelie Court) learn of their infertility and handle it differently. Taranis, King of Illusion, pretends everything is fine, and murders, banishes or beats anyone who says otherwise, terrified of losing his throne (and life). Andais, after centuries of a dying sithen and a bloodthirsty tyrannical rule, finally gives in and goes to a human doctor, who confirms her infertility. She grudgingly agrees to give up the throne to whichever of her two descendants can make a baby first.
The kingdoms in the Mirror Duet, each being constructed out of raw magic by a single mage, tend to reflect their creator's personality. More powerful mage, bigger kingdom. Stormpoint, home of protagonist Laenan Kite, responds to his moods by changing the weather.
Phantasién (or Fantasia/Fantastica) is linked to the Childlike Empress: She is the source of all life, and without her, the world could no longer live, like a human body that had lost its heart. As an extension of this, Phantasién is subjected to The Nothing whenever the Childlike Empress needs a new name.
Grograman the Many-Colored Death is a lion who brings the desert with him. At night, he dies by turning to stone and in the desert's place grows Perilin the Night Forest, a luminescent forest with fast growing plants and trees whose seeds resemble sparks falling to the ground. With daybreak, the plants turn to dust as Grograman awakens.
Old Kingdom: The existence of the three Great Charter bloodlines (the royals, the Abhorsens, and the Clayr) is vital to the Kingdom's stability. The royals, in particular, are charged with protecting the Kingdom. In Sabriel, the Kingdom has been declining for 200 years in part because of the apparent loss of the royal family.
Peter Pan works this way. Neverland awakes when Peter returns. When he becomes angry, the land is covered in storms. When he's happy, it's sunny and summer.
In A Practical Guide to Evil, the Grey Pilgrim claims that with Catherine, a Villain, as the Black Queen of Callow, the people of Callow will be twisted to have their morality more easily align with hers, making them fall on the side of Evil and the Gods Below too.
In The Quest of the Unaligned, the royal house's magic is directly tied to the magical balance of Caederan itself. This means that if the rulers become unbalanced, Caederan will be thrown into chaos. With the current king and queen, who are "ruahks in all but name", the country is plagued with droughts, tornadoes, and massive storms.
The Riddle Master Trilogy lives and breathes this trope. All the land-rulers are Fisher Kings; that's just the nature of the universe.
In Rise of the Horde, when the orcs lived in harmony with their surroundings and respected the elements, the land was lush and verdant, but when they started using Fel magic, life was slowly being drained from the land, who as a result eventually turned most of their home planet into a dry, red wasteland.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms: A number of strange omens including a hen attempting to crow are taken as signs that the current imperial line is falling out of favor with the heavens.
In Shannara, both ancient fey and evil supernatural rulers have domains that reflect their personalities. The King of the Silver River appears as an ancient, stooped old man. Good at heart, his land is a haven for travellers seeking respite from the monsters of the surrounding land; even the very air is relaxing and peaceful. Uhl Belk, the Stone King, is turning his entire realm to stone. He has lost sight of the fact that this is actually hurting himself in the process, not just everyone else. The Skull Kingdom is all but infected by the evil of the Warlock Lord to become a barren, lifeless country surrounded by poisonous mists and inhabited by horrible, mutated monsters. The Maelmord is a living jungle that has become something that attempts to kill anything that steps foot in it. It is the domain of the Ildatch and reflects its evil to such an extent that it acts as a first line of protection against anyone seeking the Ildatch to destroy it.
Spiral Arm: In Up Jim River, the emperor of Morning Dew hates his position because all his subjects believe this trope, and therefore he's to blame for anything that goes wrong.
In The Tale Of Desperaux, the queen of the land dies driving the king into an extended depression in which the once happy kingdom becomes dreary, overcast, and generally miserable.
In the Tales from the Flat Earth novel Death's Master, Narasen's kingdom is cursed to be as barren as she was. After her death, she returns and reinvokes the curse in jealous revenge, contaminating the land with the poison that killed her.
Happens all the time in Tolkien's Legendarium. Justified when the kings in question are semi-divine, and their will and nature has direct influence on physical matter, so the land of the Valar (angels) is paradisiacal, the land ruled by Morgoth (Satan) or Sauron (Satan Jr.) is always hellish. Tolkien referred to these effects as "Secondary World Powers" in his commentaries. Also, the forest kingdom of Doriath is protected by Queen Melian's divine magic, an almost literal fence or maze that keeps unwanted visitors out. When the King dies and she abandons the land, Doriath is very soon overrun by its enemies. Galadriel, though an Elf, learned a lot under Melian and hence later she does something very similar for Lórien.
In the Tortall Universe series, the King eventually gains possession of a jewel that can make the land itself rise against invaders if necessary. Notable in that there is a huge famine as a result of using that power after the King is forced to use it, and as later described by the characters, the power to make the land attack the invaders came from the living potential of the entire kingdom's stores of edible plants — specifically, the stores that would have been used to produce a crop for the next year. Result: a near bankrupt kingdom for several years because they had to buy all the food that they would normally have grown. Not exactly the best start to the new king's reign, but it gets better.
In an inversion, "The Troublemaker" features a planet where the King, a volunteer who serves a term, and every noble in the realm currently in office, have devices called neuristers surgically implanted in parts of their bodies. When triggered, the neurister stimulates a nearby nerve with, depending on the circumstances, a sense of uneasiness, pressure, itching, burning, feeling of pain or downright agony. Each subject of the kingdom has implanted within them a transmitter that sets it off, and neuristers correspond to a geographical region, so if a natural disaster hits somewhere, every noble with power in the region feels pain. Oh, and if any noble even thinks of evading duty, every single neurister in their body activates.
A rather large part of The Waste Land. The motif of dry/wet and its symbolism of life, death, and resurrection recur in the poem, and parts III and V explicitly refer to the Arthurian motif. Indeed, Eliot's notes to the poem specifically cite From Ritual to Romance, a book which discusses the origins of the Fisher King motif in Arthurian legend in much detail.
As the series goes on, the world becomes a worse place to live, the weather system is screwy as hell, and chaos reigns in most of the countries due to years of near constant warfare, from civil strife to human to inhuman invasion. Bubbles of Evil cover the earth killing people, and ghosts are even appearing as the Pattern itself becomes unstable. This is reflected by Rand's mental health, as he slowly goes mad. By the end of Knife of Dreams, Rand is schizophrenic, is missing a hand, and his eyes are damaged. He also has the traditional unhealing wound in his side. Moridin even refers to Rand as the Fisher King, after a crucial piece in a complicated, nearly forgotten board game. Even in book 1 (when the weather was only mildly odd and Rand not yet mad or injured) we get the phrase, 'The Dragon is one with the land, and the land is one with the Dragon'.
In the conclusion of The Gathering Storm, Rand has gone through his Despair Event Horizon and out the other side, and it's implied he has fixed his schizophrenia — at any rate, Lews Therin won't be talking in his head anymore — and, for the first time in virtually the entire book, the clouds break and pure sunlight shines through. Immediately following this in the next book, Rand makes an entire orchard of rotten apples grow instantly, and wherever he goes, the clouds clear up and the sun shines.
In the World of the Five Gods novel The Curse of Chalion, the royal family's curse causes every decision they make, be it directing a war or political maneuverings, to be twisted, increasing the likelihood of failure by mischance or enemy action.
, Saladin, King of Egypt during the Crusades