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Changed line(s) 8,13 (click to see context) from:
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'', its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire and then the [[UsefulNotes/ByzantineEmpire Byzantines]]) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when Carthage was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
to:
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'', its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire and then the [[UsefulNotes/ByzantineEmpire Byzantines]]) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when Carthage was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} Italy itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya fell from power and wasoverthrown replaced by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island islands remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunisfrom to Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya fell from power and was
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis
Changed line(s) 18,19 (click to see context) from:
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia, where the former died in 2019. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or Ennahda (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or CPR (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or Ettakatol (centre-left social-democrats). The country held its first free and fair elections in 2014, which were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or Nidaa Tunis--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
to:
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia, where the former died in 2019. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or Ennahda (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or CPR (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or Ettakatol (centre-left social-democrats).
The country held its first free and fairelections legislative election in 2014, which were was "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or Nidaa Tunis--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
" The second legislative election was held in 2019 with Ennahda taking a plurality of the votes. Turnout was low compared to the 2014 election, indicating that many Tunisians had grown disillusioned by the country's failure to tackle their day-to-day problems.
The country held its first free and fair
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Changed line(s) 6,15 (click to see context) from:
From the 9th century BCE, Tunisia was the heart of the Carthaginian thalassocracy, founded by Phoenician colonists from Tyre (now in UsefulNotes/{{Lebanon}}). It controlled the Mediterranean trade routes and established colonies in Spain and Italy, often clashing with the Greeks, who also had colonies there. The capital, Carthage, is located less than 20 km away from Tunis and is today a gentrified suburb of the capital. It began to decline from the 3rd century BCE, coinciding with the rise of the Roman Republic. Following [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars three disastrous wars]], the forces of Scipio Aemilianus entered Carthage in 146 BCE and razed it to the ground, bringing an end to the empire.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'' its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by the Byzantines) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when it was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority of their rule, it was effectively autonomous, ruled by a hereditary bey who only paid nominal tribute to the Sublime Porte. Tunisia became a [[UsefulNotes/{{France}} French]] protectorate (read: colony) in 1881, after the French used the pretext that it was planning to attack Algeria, by then an integral part of France. During UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, the French Tunisian colonial government pledged alliance to the Vichy regime after the Fall of France, which led to the Tunisian Campaign in 1943 that finally ended the Allies' North African campaign.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'' its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by the Byzantines) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when it was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority of their rule, it was effectively autonomous, ruled by a hereditary bey who only paid nominal tribute to the Sublime Porte. Tunisia became a [[UsefulNotes/{{France}} French]] protectorate (read: colony) in 1881, after the French used the pretext that it was planning to attack Algeria, by then an integral part of France. During UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, the French Tunisian colonial government pledged alliance to the Vichy regime after the Fall of France, which led to the Tunisian Campaign in 1943 that finally ended the Allies' North African campaign.
to:
From the 9th century BCE, Tunisia was the heart of the Carthaginian thalassocracy, founded by Phoenician colonists from Tyre (now in UsefulNotes/{{Lebanon}}). It controlled the Mediterranean trade routes and established colonies in Spain UsefulNotes/{{Spain}} and Italy, UsefulNotes/{{Italy}}, often clashing with the Greeks, [[UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} Greeks]], who also had colonies there. The capital, Carthage, is located less than 20 km away from Tunis and is today a gentrified suburb of the capital. It began to decline from the 3rd century BCE, coinciding with the rise of the Roman Republic. UsefulNotes/TheRomanRepublic. Following [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars three disastrous wars]], wars]] with Rome, the forces of Scipio Aemilianus entered Carthage in 146 BCE and razed it to the ground, bringing an end to the empire.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from''Afri'' ''Afri'', its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire and then the Byzantines) [[UsefulNotes/ByzantineEmpire Byzantines]]) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when it Carthage was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority oftheir its rule, it Tunisia was effectively autonomous, ruled by a hereditary bey who only paid nominal tribute to the Sublime Porte. Tunisia The region became a [[UsefulNotes/{{France}} French]] protectorate (read: colony) in 1881, after the French used the pretext that it was planning to attack Algeria, by then an integral part of France. During UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, the French Tunisian colonial government pledged alliance to the Vichy regime after the Fall of France, which led to the Tunisian Campaign in 1943 that finally ended the Allies' North African campaign.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction of the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority of
Changed line(s) 18,23 (click to see context) from:
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or Ennahda (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or CPR (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or Ettakatol (centre-left social-democrats). The country held its first free and fair elections in 2014, which were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or Nidaa Tunis--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including revolutions in Egypt, UsefulNotes/{{Libya}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}. There have also been major protests in other countries, including UsefulNotes/{{Syria}}, which has seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters. Since Libya, Syria, and Yemen devolved into civil wars and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
Tunisia is classified as an lower-middle income country, with the labor force mostly covered by the service sector, followed by industry. It mainly exports crude oil and minerals and also depends on tourism (the country is home to eight World Heritage Sites, including some very impressive Roman amphitheaters, to say nothing of the beaches). Until the revolution, the country was strictly governed by the state. Since the revolution, the economy has been suffering from a decline due to political instabilities, ineffective bureaucracy, and corruption, which put off investors who want to do business (though to be fair, it's hard to dismantle a centralized economy that persisted for more than five decades). Tourism also took a big hit when two terrorist attacks happened in 2015, although it is slowly recovering.
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including revolutions in Egypt, UsefulNotes/{{Libya}}, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}. There have also been major protests in other countries, including UsefulNotes/{{Syria}}, which has seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters. Since Libya, Syria, and Yemen devolved into civil wars and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
Tunisia is classified as an lower-middle income country, with the labor force mostly covered by the service sector, followed by industry. It mainly exports crude oil and minerals and also depends on tourism (the country is home to eight World Heritage Sites, including some very impressive Roman amphitheaters, to say nothing of the beaches). Until the revolution, the country was strictly governed by the state. Since the revolution, the economy has been suffering from a decline due to political instabilities, ineffective bureaucracy, and corruption, which put off investors who want to do business (though to be fair, it's hard to dismantle a centralized economy that persisted for more than five decades). Tourism also took a big hit when two terrorist attacks happened in 2015, although it is slowly recovering.
to:
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia.UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia, where the former died in 2019. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or Ennahda (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or CPR (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or Ettakatol (centre-left social-democrats). The country held its first free and fair elections in 2014, which were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or Nidaa Tunis--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including revolutions in Egypt,UsefulNotes/{{Libya}}, Libya, and UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}. There have also been major protests in other countries, including UsefulNotes/{{Syria}}, which has seen brutal crackdowns crackdown on the protesters. Since Libya, Syria, and Yemen devolved into civil wars and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
Tunisia is classified asan a lower-middle income country, with the labor force mostly covered by the service sector, followed by industry. It mainly exports crude oil textile and minerals produce and also depends on tourism (the country is home to eight World Heritage Sites, including some very impressive Roman amphitheaters, to say nothing of the beaches). Until the revolution, the country economy was strictly governed by the state. Since the revolution, the economy has been suffering from a decline due to political instabilities, ineffective bureaucracy, and corruption, which put off investors who want to do business (though to be fair, it's hard to dismantle a centralized economy that persisted for more than five decades). Tourism also took a big hit when two terrorist attacks happened in 2015, although it is slowly recovering.
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including revolutions in Egypt,
Tunisia is classified as
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In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered Malta and Sicily in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
to:
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered Malta UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} and Sicily UsefulNotes/{{Sicily}} in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
Changed line(s) 2,15 (click to see context) from:
Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' '' تونس TÅ«nis'', '''French:''' ''Tunisie''), officially known as the Republic of Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' ''الجمهورية التونسية al-JumhÅ«riyyah at-TÅ«nisiyyah'', '''French:''' ''République tunisienne''), is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or '''Ennahda''' (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy; peculiarly, the first elections were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or '''Nidaa Tunis'''--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters. Since Libya eventually devolved into a slow-motion civil war and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars Carthaginian Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered by the Arabs for the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead the same people who live in those countries have been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to start an argument is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.
The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., Maltese) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or '''Ennahda''' (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy; peculiarly, the first elections were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or '''Nidaa Tunis'''--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters. Since Libya eventually devolved into a slow-motion civil war and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars Carthaginian Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered by the Arabs for the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead the same people who live in those countries have been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to start an argument is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.
The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., Maltese) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
to:
Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' '' تونس TÅ«nis'', '''French:''' ''Tunisie''), officially known as the Republic of Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' ''الجمهورية التونسية al-JumhÅ«riyyah at-TÅ«nisiyyah'', '''French:''' ''République tunisienne''), is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya UsefulNotes/{{Libya}} and Algeria. Originally a UsefulNotes/{{Algeria}}. It is the location of Ras ben Sakka, the northernmost point of the African continent.
Like the rest of North Africa, Tunisia was part of theOttoman Empire, homeland of the Berbers, mainly those of the Zenata confederation. While the majority of the population are descended from those same Berbers, very few people still speak the language nowadays.
From the 9th century BCE, Tunisia was the heart of the Carthaginian thalassocracy, founded by Phoenician colonists from Tyre (now in UsefulNotes/{{Lebanon}}). It controlled the Mediterranean trade routes and established colonies in Spain and Italy, often clashing with the Greeks, who also had colonies there. The capital, Carthage, is located less than 20 km away from Tunis and is today a gentrified suburb of the capital. It began to decline from the 3rd century BCE, coinciding with the rise of the Roman Republic. Following [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars three disastrous wars]], the forces of Scipio Aemilianus entered Carthage in 146 BCE and razed it to the ground, bringing an end to the empire.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'' its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by the Byzantines) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when it was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered Malta and Sicily in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became aFrench pioneer of modern historiography and sociology.
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority of their rule, it was effectively autonomous, ruled by a hereditary bey who only paid nominal tribute to the Sublime Porte. Tunisia became a [[UsefulNotes/{{France}} French]] protectorate (read: colony) in1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself 1881, after the French used the pretext that it was planning to attack Algeria, by then an integral part of France. During UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, the French Tunisian colonial government pledged alliance to the Vichy regime after the Fall of France, which led to the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by Campaign in 1943 that finally ended the Allies' North African campaign.
Tunisia achieved independence in 1956 as the Kingdom of Tunisia, with the Bey Muhammad VIII al-Amin as its first and only king. The following year, Habib Bourguiba of the Neo Destour party abolished the monarchy, turning it into a republic. He ruled for the next 31 years as an authoritarianregime leader and modernized Tunisia, bringing gender equality and improving education. He became increasingly autocratic near the end of his tenure and was eventually toppled and put under house arrest by his prime minister, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, amid an economic crisis. However, any real change was a pipe dream; Ben Ali and simply renamed Bourguiba's party into the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique (''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, Rally]]'', or CDR) and stayed an autocrat. He ruled with virtually no opposition until 2011 -- 24 years later -- when things dramatically changed.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or'''Ennahda''' Ennahda (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' CPR (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' Ettakatol (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the The country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy; peculiarly, the held its first free and fair elections in 2014, which were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or '''Nidaa Tunis'''--a Nidaa Tunis--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
"
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], includinga revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] Egypt, UsefulNotes/{{Libya}}, and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. UsefulNotes/{{Yemen}}. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of UsefulNotes/{{Syria}}, which have has seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters. Since Libya eventually Libya, Syria, and Yemen devolved into a slow-motion civil war wars and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being classified as an lower-middle income country, with the heart labor force mostly covered by the service sector, followed by industry. It mainly exports crude oil and minerals and also depends on tourism (the country is home to eight World Heritage Sites, including some very impressive Roman amphitheaters, to say nothing of the old [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars Carthaginian Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; beaches). Until the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongsiderevolution, the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered country was strictly governed by the Arabs for state. Since the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead revolution, the same people who live in those countries have economy has been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up suffering from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to start an argument is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, decline due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, political instabilities, ineffective bureaucracy, and corruption, which put off investors who want to do business (though to be fair, it's hard to dismantle a centralized economy that persisted for more than five decades). Tourism also took a big hit when two terrorist attacks happened in 2015, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.it is slowly recovering.
The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., Maltese) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
Like the rest of North Africa, Tunisia was part of the
From the 9th century BCE, Tunisia was the heart of the Carthaginian thalassocracy, founded by Phoenician colonists from Tyre (now in UsefulNotes/{{Lebanon}}). It controlled the Mediterranean trade routes and established colonies in Spain and Italy, often clashing with the Greeks, who also had colonies there. The capital, Carthage, is located less than 20 km away from Tunis and is today a gentrified suburb of the capital. It began to decline from the 3rd century BCE, coinciding with the rise of the Roman Republic. Following [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars three disastrous wars]], the forces of Scipio Aemilianus entered Carthage in 146 BCE and razed it to the ground, bringing an end to the empire.
The Romans rebuilt Carthage and made it the capital of a province called Africa, from ''Afri'' its exonym for Carthaginians. Its rule (later supplanted by the Byzantines) persisted until the 7th century CE, although there was a century-long interruption after the barbarian invasions when it was occupied by the Vandals. Under the Romans, the region prospered; Africa was one of the wealthiest Roman provinces, just behind UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}} and UsefulNotes/{{Italy}} itself. It was rich in farmland and mainly exported agricultural products. The Romans generally had an amicable relationship with the Berbers. Carthage was important in Christian history; the father of Latin Christianity, Tertullian, came from there, as did the Donatist movement, an early church schism that split African Christians and made many unwilling to accept the orthodoxy.
In 705, Carthage was attacked and destroyed by the Umayyad Caliphate, who mainly directed its dealings in Ifriqiya (as it called the province of Africa) from Kairouan, an inland city it built some 30 years earlier. Subsequently, the Berbers converted to Islam en masse. Near the end of Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids, the Berbers became increasingly influenced by the dissenting Kharijite sect, which still survives as the Ibadi communities on the island of Djerba. Following the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid governor of Ifriqiya was overthrown by the Aghlabids, who ''de facto'' ruled independent of Baghdad despite claiming allegiance. The Aghlabids conquered Malta and Sicily in 800s; Muslim rule would endure there until the late 1000s and the island remained majority Muslim until two centuries later. Its legacy is clearly seen in Malta; although Malta was reconverted to Christianity, the Maltese language is actually a descendant of Tunisian Arabic.
The Shia Fatimid Caliphate, which created UsefulNotes/{{Cairo}} and unified the Levant and Arabia, is mostly associated with Egypt today, but actually originated from Tunisia. When the caliph decided to move to his new capital in the Nile Delta, his followers back home declared themselves independent as the Zirid Emirate, which essentially meant they had made enemies in both the east (their former masters) and the west (the staunchly Sunni Almoravids). In revenge, the Fatimids directed the Banu Hillal, a nomadic Arab tribe infamous for its propensity to warfare and loose association with Islam, towards the Maghreb. The invasions led to the rapid Arabization as well as pastoralism of the region, both previously being alien to Berbers outside the Sahara, since the natives had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and desert due to the arrival of the invaders. Its influence is as such that the Arab clans of the Maghreb have since been classified as Pre-Hillalian and Hillalian. The destruction the Zirids briefly led to Norman rule of Tunisia before the Almohads of UsefulNotes/{{Morocco}} took over. During its reign and that of its successors, Hafsids, hundreds of thousands of Andalusian Muslims emigrated to North Africa due to the Reconquista and brought with them new ideas; Ibn Khaldun, who was born in Tunis from Andalusian parents, became a
In 1574, Tunisia was conquered by the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]] with the assistance of Algerian corsairs from the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, for the majority of their rule, it was effectively autonomous, ruled by a hereditary bey who only paid nominal tribute to the Sublime Porte. Tunisia became a [[UsefulNotes/{{France}} French]] protectorate (read: colony) in
Tunisia achieved independence in 1956 as the Kingdom of Tunisia, with the Bey Muhammad VIII al-Amin as its first and only king. The following year, Habib Bourguiba of the Neo Destour party abolished the monarchy, turning it into a republic. He ruled for the next 31 years as an authoritarian
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including
The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Film/TheEnglishPatient'' and ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''Film/TheEnglishPatient'' ''Series/JesusOfNazareth'', ''MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''[[note]]both shot in the same place within two years, in Monastir[[/note]] and ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''.
''Film/TheEnglishPatient''.
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The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., [[CaptainObvious Maltese]]) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
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The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., [[CaptainObvious Maltese]]) Maltese) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
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not a trope
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The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered by the Arabs for the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead the same people who live in those countries have been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to induce FlameBait is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.
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The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered by the Arabs for the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead the same people who live in those countries have been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to induce FlameBait start an argument is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.
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I want to cut the Main redirect.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''TheEnglishPatient'' and ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''.
to:
It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of ''TheEnglishPatient'' ''Film/TheEnglishPatient'' and ''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''.
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The population is mostly of Berber stock, it being (alongside the entire Maghreb) the original home of the coastal Berbers; actual Arab admixture from the Middle East is very low and its influence is mainly restricted to culture[[note]] This is actually true for the regions conquered by the Arabs for the most part. Egyptians, Iraqis, and Syrians also don't have that much of Arab admixture in their genetic and instead the same people who live in those countries have been doing so for thousands of years, being descended from the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians/Assyrians, and Arameans who converted, respectively. Because y'know, an ethnic group can't just spring up from a distant someplace and giving rise to over 150 million people in under two millenia while being in the path of conquerors...[[/note]]. Hence why, an easy way to induce FlameBait is to state whether Tunisia is an actual Arab nation or not. Also particular note is that recent genetic research concluded that, due to centuries of Ottoman rule, over 25% of the population have Turkish ancestry, the largest of any non-Turk world, although the entirety of them have been largely Arabized also.
The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., [[CaptainObvious Maltese]]) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
The national language of UsefulNotes/{{Malta}} (i.e., [[CaptainObvious Maltese]]) is a sister language of Tunisian Arabic, both being descended from the same Maghrebi dialect that went separate ways after the ''Reconquista''. Tunisians and Maltese can still understand each other to a certain degree, though not by much.
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On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or '''Ennahda''' (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy.
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
to:
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were held on October 23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or '''Ennahda''' (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy.
democracy; peculiarly, the first elections were "won" (in the sense of having the largest party; no party won a majority in Parliament) by "Tunisia's Call" or '''Nidaa Tunis'''--a centre-left secularist nationalist party largely made up of people who had been part of the old regime. However, they are clearly ''not'' interested in reestablishing the old regime; it's simply that these people actually had some experience governing, so the people said "as long as you agree to play by the rules, share with the other parties, and leave when we tell you to, we'll let you run things while things are still a little shaky."
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on theprotesters.
protesters. Since Libya eventually devolved into a slow-motion civil war and Egypt saw [[FullCircleRevolution a return to military rule]], Tunisia is basically the only ''political'' success story of the UsefulNotes/ArabSpring it inspired; of course, the revolutions have seriously impacted all the Arab countries ''socially'', and this isn't [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 the first time a major wave of revolution only saw success in one or two places]].
Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the
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* The tenth story of the third day of the ''{{Decameron}}'' is set in the Tunisian town of Gafsa, known in Italy in the Middle Ages for being near a significant Christian monastery. Let's just say that the tenth story of the third day is so incredibly obscene, English translators of the ''Decameron'' refused to translate it for five hundred years.
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* The tenth story of the third day of the ''{{Decameron}}'' ''Literature/{{Decameron}}'' is set in the Tunisian town of Gafsa, known in Italy in the Middle Ages for being near a significant Christian monastery. monastery/community of desert hermits. Let's just say that the tenth story of the third day is so incredibly obscene, English translators of the ''Decameron'' refused to translate it for five hundred years.
years--and the obscenity had ''everything'' to do with the hermits.
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Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' '' تونس TÅ«nis, '''French:''' ''Tunisie''), officially known as the Republic of Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' ''الجمهورية التونسية al-JumhÅ«riyyah at-TÅ«nisiyyah'', '''French:''' ''République tunisienne''), is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
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Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' '' تونس TÅ«nis, TÅ«nis'', '''French:''' ''Tunisie''), officially known as the Republic of Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' ''الجمهورية التونسية al-JumhÅ«riyyah at-TÅ«nisiyyah'', '''French:''' ''République tunisienne''), is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
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Tunisia is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
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Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' '' تونس TÅ«nis, '''French:''' ''Tunisie''), officially known as the Republic of Tunisia ('''Arabic:''' ''الجمهورية التونسية al-JumhÅ«riyyah at-TÅ«nisiyyah'', '''French:''' ''République tunisienne''), is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
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On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old [[PunicWars Carthaginian Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
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On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old [[PunicWars [[UsefulNotes/PunicWars Carthaginian Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
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org/pmwiki/pub/images/tunisia_flag_1159.png
->The flag is derived from the red flag of the Ottoman Empire, distinguishable by the crescent and star, traditional symbols of Islam, colored red and placed inside a white circle.
->The flag is derived from the red flag of the Ottoman Empire, distinguishable by the crescent and star, traditional symbols of Islam, colored red and placed inside a white circle.
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Real Life is not tropable
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!!Tropes:
* PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny
* SmugSnake: Ben Ali. The man even has the FaceOfAThug. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali.jpg Just look at him!]]
* PresidentEvil: See above.
* ScrewThisImOuttaHere: Ben Ali fled the country in response to the protests against him.
* LaResistance: The people who overthrew Ben Ali's regime.
** Who inspired a series of other [[LaResistance La Resistances]] across the region.
* PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny
* SmugSnake: Ben Ali. The man even has the FaceOfAThug. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali.jpg Just look at him!]]
* PresidentEvil: See above.
* ScrewThisImOuttaHere: Ben Ali fled the country in response to the protests against him.
* LaResistance: The people who overthrew Ben Ali's regime.
** Who inspired a series of other [[LaResistance La Resistances]] across the region.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient ''TheEnglishPatient'' and Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
''Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian''.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars Franchise/StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
Film/MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[UsefulNotes/Egypt Egypt]] and [[UsefulNotes/Libya Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
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Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolutions in [[UsefulNotes/Egypt [[{{UsefulNotes/Egypt}} Egypt]] and [[UsefulNotes/Libya [[{{UsefulNotes/Libya}} Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
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Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolution in Egypt and an armed rebellion in Libya. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
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Of particular note is that the protests and later revolution in Tunisia [[FollowTheLeader inspired similar protests across the Arab world]], including a revolution revolutions in Egypt [[UsefulNotes/Egypt Egypt]] and an armed rebellion in Libya.[[UsefulNotes/Libya Libya]]. There have also been major protests in other countries, including Syria and Yemen, both of which have seen brutal crackdowns on the protesters.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in [[IndianaJones Raiders of the Lost Ark]], and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in [[IndianaJones Raiders of the Lost Ark]], ''Film/RaidersOfTheLostArk'', and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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!! Fiction set in Tunisia
* Any works involving Carthage involve Tunisia by implication.
* The tenth story of the third day of the ''{{Decameron}}'' is set in the Tunisian town of Gafsa, known in Italy in the Middle Ages for being near a significant Christian monastery. Let's just say that the tenth story of the third day is so incredibly obscene, English translators of the ''Decameron'' refused to translate it for five hundred years.
* Any works involving Carthage involve Tunisia by implication.
* The tenth story of the third day of the ''{{Decameron}}'' is set in the Tunisian town of Gafsa, known in Italy in the Middle Ages for being near a significant Christian monastery. Let's just say that the tenth story of the third day is so incredibly obscene, English translators of the ''Decameron'' refused to translate it for five hundred years.
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Tunisia is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the [[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]] from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was dissolved and banned, and elections to a new Constituent Assembly were scheduled for October 23. Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was dissolved and banned, and elections to a new Constituent Assembly were scheduled for October 23. Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy.
to:
Tunisia is a small country at the very north of Africa, between Libya and Algeria. Originally a part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a French protectorate (read: colony) in 1881. It became independent in 1956, declaring itself the Tunisian Republic. It was governed by the authoritarian regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the [[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny '''[[PeoplesRepublicOfTyranny Constitutional Democratic Rally]] Rally]]''' from 1987 to 2011, when things dramatically changed.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved andbanned, and elections banned. Elections to a new Constituent Assembly were scheduled for held on October 23.23, resulting in a coalition government comprised of the three largest parties: the "Renaissance Party" or '''Ennahda''' (centre-right Islamists), the "Congress for the Republic" or '''CPR''' (centre-left secularists), and the "Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties" or '''Ettakatol''' (centre-left social-democrats). Currently, the country is going through a transitional phase from authoritarianism to democracy.
On 17 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor, [[ManOnFire set himself alight]] in front of a police station. Bouazizi had a history with the police; the police would confiscate his fruit cart, which he would set up again, which the police would confiscate again... you get the idea. Following his self-immolation, major protests against Ben Ali's regime erupted across Tunisia. On January 18, Ben Ali and his family fled to Saudi Arabia. The CDR was subsequently dissolved and
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies, Cairo in [[IndianaJones Raiders of the Lost Ark]], and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies, movies (named after the city of Tataouine in southern Tunisia), Cairo in [[IndianaJones Raiders of the Lost Ark]], and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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It's also worth mentioning that Tunisia has been the site of quite a few movies where there is a desert scenery. Notable examples include the Tatooine scenes in the StarWars movies, Cairo in [[IndianaJones Raiders of the Lost Ark]], and the entirety of TheEnglishPatient and MontyPythonsLifeOfBrian.
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On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old Carthaginian Empire--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
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On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old [[PunicWars Carthaginian Empire--indeed, Empire]]--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
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On a more historical note, Tunisia is of interest to scholars of ancient history for being the heart of the old Carthaginian Empire--indeed, Carthage these days is a rather fashionable suburb (by which we mean ''district'') of Tunis; the presidential palace and international airport are located there.
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* SmugSnake: Ben Ali. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali.jpg Just look at him!]]
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* SmugSnake: Ben Ali. The man even has the FaceOfAThug. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali.jpg Just look at him!]]
