History UsefulNotes / RevolutionsOf1848

* Creato/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'': Season 7 (began airing July 2017) is about the Revolutions of 1848. As with the UsefulNotes/FrenchRevolution Duncan has announced that the Season will take as long as it takes.

* The first two episodes of the third series of ''Series/{{Victoria}}'' are set against the backdrop of these revolutions, with a particular focus on the French one. The main plot is concerned with the Chartist movement and Queen Victoria's response to it. In the third episode, some of the aftermath is dealt with in a subplot about Lajos Kossuth's visit to Great Britain.

* ''Series/{{Victoria}}'''s third season begins in 1848, and one of the major plot points is the Chartist movement and Queen Victoria's response to it.

* Creato/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'': Season 7 (began airing July 2017) is about the Revolutions of 1848. As with the UsefulNotes/FrenchRevolution Duncan has announced that the Season will take as long as it takes.

* Speaking of the Americas, the United States was indirectly affected -- not so much by the revolutions themselves as by their aftermath. After the revolutions failed, many European radicals fled to the U.S., where a number of them became involved in the American anti-slavery and labor movements. Also, the influx of immigrants fueled the rise of the nativist "Know Nothing" party.

* ''Literature/FreedomAndNecessity'' takes place shortly after these revolutions

* It's a coincidence that Creator/KarlMarx and Friedrich Engels wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'' in 1848, but it nevertheless discussed the factions involved in the revolutions. That "Guizot" guy mentioned as chasing the specter of communism was one of the first forced out of office by the 1848 revolutions basically days after the book was published. Unsurprisingly taking the side of the socialists, Marx and Engels argued that the ''bourgeoisie'', i.e. the liberal republicans, would eventually have to be overthrown by the ''proletariat'', i.e. the working classes.

The actual consequences of 1848 and Europe as a whole has been debated by historians. The consensus is that the Revolutions failed but were widespread enough to force governments on a path of reform, and directed many reactionaries in favor of social reforms that they would formerly have regarded as an outrage but now considered NecessarilyEvil. The suppression of the revolutions also showed the greater power and authoritarianism of European and Central European nations. The biggest impact of these events in the eyes of historians is the "lessons" various participants and observers learned from it. Bismarck believed that the liberal regimes and reformers should revolutionize from above and, in effect, bribe the lower classes via TheMoralSubstitute. Marx and his later interpreters felt that the events failed because of a lack of cohesiveness and organization, and that later revolutions would need to be organized and coordinated. So at once it was a sign of its times and couched in the rhetoric of 19th Century republicanism, but it was a sign of things to come as well.

* It's a coincidence that Creator/KarlMarx and Friedrich Engels wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'' in 1848, but it nevertheless discussed the factions involved in the revolutions. Unsurprisingly taking the side of the socialists, Marx and Engels argued that the ''bourgeoisie'', i.e. the liberal republicans, would eventually have to be overthrown by the ''proletariat'', i.e. the working classes.

* It's a coincidence that Creator/KarlMarx and Friedrich Engels wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'' in 1848. Unsurprisingly taking the side of the socialists, Marx and Engels argued that the ''bourgeoisie'', i.e. the liberal republicans, would eventually have to be overthrown by the ''proletariat'', i.e. the working classes.

* Creato/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'': Season 7 (set to begin airing late spring/early summer 2017) is set to be about the Revolutions of 1848.

* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Portugal, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries to be left out of the party. The Netherlands also didn't have a revolution, but constitutional reforms were made there as a means of avoiding unrest.

* Speaking of the Americas, the United States was indirectly affected -- not so much by the revolutions themselves as by their aftermath. After the revolutions failed, many European radicals fled to the U.S., where a number of them became involved in the American anti-slavery movement. Also, the influx of immigrants fueled the rise of the nativist "Know Nothing" party.

* The first episode of ''Series/FallOfEagles'' opens with the Revolutions of 1848 being crushed.

* It's no coincidence that Creator/KarlMarx and Friedrich Engels wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'' in 1848. It was, in fact, written in response to these revolutions. Unsurprisingly taking the side of the socialists, Marx and Engels argued that the ''bourgeoisie'', i.e. the liberal republicans, would eventually have to be overthrown by the ''proletariat'', i.e. the working classes.

The actual consequences of 1848 and Europe as a whole has been debated by historians. The consensus is that the Revolutions failed but were widespread enough to force governments on a path of reform, and directed many reactionaries in favor of social reforms that they would formerly have regarded as an outrage but now considered a NecessaryEvil. The suppression of the revolutions also showed the greater power and authoritarianism of European and Central European nations. The biggest impact of these events in the eyes of historians is the "lessons" various participants and observers learned from it. Bismarck believed that the liberal regimes and reformers should revolutionize from above and, in effect, bribe the lower classes via TheMoralSubstitute. Marx and his later interpreters felt that the events failed because of a lack of cohesiveness and organization, and that later revolutions would need to be organized and coordinated. So at once it was a sign of its times and couched in the rhetoric of 19th Century republicanism, but it was a sign of things to come as well.

* In France, King Louis Philippe was overthrown and the Second French Republic was proclaimed. An election was held, which was won by Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, the nephew of ''the'' UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte. France managed to stay a republic until 1852, when Louis-Napoleon noticed that his term was starting to run out. He decided the solution was to follow in his uncle's footsteps and proclaim himself emperor. As Napoleon III, he ruled France until his defeat in the UsefulNotes/FrancoPrussianWar of 1870.

* UsefulNotes/AllTheLittleGermanies attempted to unite into one country through liberal reform. This so-called "liberal nationalsim" failed, paving the way for UsefulNotes/OttoVonBismarck[='s=] more warlike approach. Incidentally, this revolution is the first time that a black, red, and gold tricolor was used as the German flag.
* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Portugal, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries to be left out of the party. The Netherlands also didn't have a revolution, but constitutional reforms were made there as a means of avoiding unrest.
* Although the Revolutions of 1848 are regarded as a European phenomenon, releated revolutions took place as far afield as Brazil.
* Speaking of the Americas, the United States was indirectly affected -- not so much by the revolutions themselves as by their aftermath. After the revolutions failed, many European radicals fled to the U.S., where a number of them became involved in the American anti-slavery movement. Also, the influx of immigrants fuelled the rise of the nativist "Know Nothing" party.

* And finally, liberal constitutional regimes actually were established in Denmark and Switzerland.

The actual consequences of 1848 and Europe as a whole has been debated by historians. The consensus is that the Revolutions failed but was widespread enough to force governments on a path of reform, and directed many reactionaries in favor of social reforms that they would formerly have regarded as an outrage but now considered a NecessaryEvil. The suppression of the revolutions also showed the greater power and authoritarianism of European and Central European nations. The biggest impact of these events in the eyes of historians is the "lessons" various participants and observers learned from it. Bismarck believed that the liberal regimes and reformers should revolutionize from above and in effect, bribe the lower classes via TheMoralSubstitute. Marx and his later interpreters felt that the events failed because of a lack of cohesiveness and organization, and that later revolutions would need to be organized and co-ordinated. So at once it was a sign of its times and couched in the rhetoric of 19th Century republicanism but it was a sign of things to come as well.

First, rewind to 1815. The end of UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars was essentially a victory for reactionary forces, who blamed the whole thing on the radicalism of UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution. Thus, as the allies met in Vienna to decide the fate of post-war Europe, their aim was to prevent anything like the French Revolution from happening again. The traditional European order, divine-rights monarchs and suchlike, was to be restored as much as possible. The crowned heads of Europe agreed that when one of them was threatened by the next would-be French Revolution, they would act together to put it down.

* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Portugal, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries spared the trouble. The Netherlands also didn't have a revolution, but constitutional reforms were made there as a means of avoiding unrest.

First, rewind to 1815. The end of the NapoleonicWars was essentially a victory for reactionary forces, who blamed the whole thing on the radicalism of UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution. Thus, as the allies met in Vienna to decide the fate of post-war Europe, their aim was to prevent anything like the French Revolution from happening again. The traditional European order, divine-rights monarchs and suchlike, was to be restored as much as possible. The crowned heads of Europe agreed that when one of them was threatened by the next would-be French Revolution, they would act together to put it down.

* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries spared the trouble. The Netherlands also didn't have a revolution, but constitutional reforms were made there as a means of avoiding unrest.

* The French short film ''1848'' is about the French Revolution of 1848. In 1950, it received an Oscar nomination for Best Documentary Short.

* ''Literature/FreedomAndNecessity'' takes place shortly after these revolutions

UsefulNotes/TheArabSpring of 2011 has often been compared to the Revolutions of 1848.

[[quoteright:300:http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/2656e314a97e25791318355c484f345e.jpg]]
[[caption-width-right:300:The Spring of Nations]]

* Speaking of the Americas, the United States was indirectly affected. After the revolutions failed, many European radicals fled to the U.S., where a number of them became involved in the American anti-slavery movement. Also, the influx of immigrants fuelled the rise of the nativist "Know Nothing" party.

* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries spared the trouble. The Netherlands didn't have a revolution, but constitutional reforms were made there as a means of avoiding unrest.

* Not every European country had a revolution in 1848. Great Britain, Russia, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire were among the most notable European countries spared the trouble.

* And finally, liberal constitutional regimes actually were established in Denmark and Switzerland. Constitutional reforms occurred in the Netherlands as a means of avoiding unrest.

Fastforward to 1848. A wave of revolutions swept across Europe as the people of various countries rebelled against the post-Napoleonic conservative order. Who were these people that rebelled? Generally, they were a mix of liberal republicans, radical socialists, and various kinds of nationalists -- in other words, people who had little in common other than [[EnemyMine their shared opposition to the current order in Europe]]. These differences allowed reactionary forces to use a DivideAndConquer strategy, combined with their superior military force, to regain control of the situation. By the early part of 1849, the revolutions had been crushed. The post-Napoleonic conservative order seemed to have been restored -- the operative word being "seemed".

First, rewind to 1815. The end of the NapoleonicWars was essentially a victory for reactionary forces, who blamed the whole thing on the radicalism of UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution. Thus, as the allies met in Vienna to decide the fate of post-war Europe, their aim was to prevent anything like the French Revolution from happening again. The traditional European order, divine-rights monarchs and suchlike, was to be restored as much as possible. In addition, the crowned heads of Europe agreed that when one of them was threatened by the next would-be French Revolution, they would act together to put it down.

* At the same time, the Austrian Empire was also threatened by Italian nationalists. Hoping to begin the process of creating a united Italy, the Kingdom of Sardinia invaded Austria's Italian possessions, beginning the [[UsefulNotes/WarsOfItalianIndependence First Italian War of Independence]]. UsefulNotes/ThePapalStates initially supported the Sardinians, but later UsefulNotes/ThePope decided that Catholic countries going to war with each other was a no-no. Outraged, the nationalists ousted the Pope and proclaimed a new Roman Republic. In the end, the Austrians regained control of their Italian possessions and the Papal States were restored.