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** Owain, the Champion of Dumnonia, is a partial example. He's set up to be an important supporting character to the protagonists after he heroically helps rescue Derfel's band of refugees from Gundleus, and afterword becomes the first warlord whom Derfel serves under. However, he's later revealed to be a complete bastard who embezzles tax funds, rapes prisoners, and slaughters an entire mining village (whose inhabitants were sworn to an allied kingdom) as part of an under the table deal [[spoiler: That last one ends up costing him his life]]. While he certainly doesn't lack for courage or battle-prowess, he's hardly the champion he's introduced as.

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** Owain, the Champion of Dumnonia, is a partial example. He's set up to be an important supporting character to the protagonists after he heroically helps rescue Derfel's band of refugees from Gundleus, and afterword becomes the first warlord whom Derfel serves under. However, he's later revealed to be a complete bastard who embezzles tax funds, rapes prisoners, and slaughters an entire mining village (whose inhabitants were sworn to an allied kingdom) as part of an under the table deal deal. [[spoiler: That last one ends up costing him his life]]. While he certainly doesn't lack for courage or battle-prowess, he's hardly the champion he's introduced as.


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* FriendlyRivalry: Arthur and Owain start out with this sort of relationship, [[spoiler: though it isn't long before they drop the "friendly" part]].
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* TheGloryThatWasRome: Gwent, one of the more Romanized areas of Britain, trains and equips its soldiers in the Roman fashion, and several characters from that region have Roman names. King Ban of Benoic also preserves a great deal of Roman culture and knowledge at his capital of Ynys Trebes.

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* TheDreaded: The Irish king Diwrnach's savage treatment of his defeated foes has earned him this reputation, to the point where many Britons would sooner take on the Saxons than go up against him.



** Owain, the Champion of Dumnonia, is a partial example. He's set up to be a major protagonist after he heroically helps rescue Derfel's band of refugees from Gundleus, and afterword becomes the first warlord who Derfel serves under. However, he's later revealed to be a complete bastard who embezzles tax funds, rapes prisoners, and slaughters an entire mining village as part of an under the table deal. While he certainly doesn't lack for courage or battle-prowess, he isn't quite the champion he's introduced as.

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** Owain, the Champion of Dumnonia, is a partial example. He's set up to be a major protagonist an important supporting character to the protagonists after he heroically helps rescue Derfel's band of refugees from Gundleus, and afterword becomes the first warlord who whom Derfel serves under. However, he's later revealed to be a complete bastard who embezzles tax funds, rapes prisoners, and slaughters an entire mining village (whose inhabitants were sworn to an allied kingdom) as part of an under the table deal. deal [[spoiler: That last one ends up costing him his life]]. While he certainly doesn't lack for courage or battle-prowess, he isn't quite he's hardly the champion he's introduced as.as.
* FightingIrish: King Diwrnach takes this stereotype to dark and disturbing new levels.



* ImpovershedPatrician: Guinevere's father Leodegan was once a king in his own right, but was driven into exile by the conquering Irish. He has trouble finding a suitor for his younger daughter on account of his family's loss of status, lands, and money.



* PedophilePriest: Possibly Sansum.



* VestigialEmpire

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* VestigialEmpireVestigialEmpire: Many Britons think back fondly to a time when the whole of their land was united under Roman rule. All that's left when the series begins is a patchwork of petty kingdoms scrambling to pick up the pieces.
* WeAREStrugglingTogether: The Britons sometimes seem to be their own worst enemy, with the rival kingdoms at each others throats as often as they're fighting their mutual Saxon and Irish enemies. Derfel realizes that the Saxons also have this problem when a captured warrior tells him about the conflict between Cerdic and Aesc.

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* CoolHorse

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* CoolHorseCoolHorse: Arthur and his knights use large warhorses to intimidate their enemies, rather that the smaller horses normally used by the Britons for scouting and skirmishing.



* CoolSword
* CorruptChurch: Most of the Christian churches come off this way.

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* CoolSword
CoolSword: Excalibur, duh.
* CorruptChurch: Most of the The Christian churches come church overall comes off this way.way, though the individual lay people can fall anywhere on the
spectrum.



* TheDungAges

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* TheDungAgesTheDungAges: Gone are the High Medieval trappings that are usually associated with Arthurian lore; Cornwell portrays the brutal reality of Dark Age Britain.



* FakeUltimateHero: [[spoiler:Lancelot]].

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* FakeUltimateHero: [[spoiler:Lancelot]].FakeUltimateHero:
** [[spoiler:Lancelot]].
** Owain, the Champion of Dumnonia, is a partial example. He's set up to be a major protagonist after he heroically helps rescue Derfel's band of refugees from Gundleus, and afterword becomes the first warlord who Derfel serves under. However, he's later revealed to be a complete bastard who embezzles tax funds, rapes prisoners, and slaughters an entire mining village as part of an under the table deal. While he certainly doesn't lack for courage or battle-prowess, he isn't quite the champion he's introduced as.
* TheGoodChancellor: Bishop Bedwin for Dumnonia.



* TheMagicGoesAway: Merlin feels this is happening to the world, and that the gods are abandoning it as well. However, it could just be a case of...

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* TheMagicGoesAway: Merlin feels this is happening to the world, and that the gods are abandoning it as well. However, it could just be a case of...
* MamasBoy: Despite her resentment of him, Arthur clearly held his mother in high regard, and only says good things about her.



* NayTheist: Arthur

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* NayTheist: ArthurWhile Arthur doesn't deny the existence of higher powers, he believes that men are far better off taking fate into their own hands than relying on the gods.


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* RapeIsASpecialKindOfEvil: Largely averted. This being the CrapsackWorld it is, most characters have a rather casual attitude toward wartime rape, regardless of what side they're on. There are a few exceptions, however.
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Despite being a "historical" spin on the Arthurian mythos, this is still in effect. Arguably, writing "Arthur as a real historical figure" falls into this by default since so little is definitively known and so much is conjecture about the topic.

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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Despite being a "historical" spin on the Arthurian mythos, this is still in effect. Arguably, Actually, writing "Arthur as a real historical figure" falls into this by default since so little is definitively known and so much is conjecture about the topic.
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* {{Unreliable Narrator}}: Self-admitted.

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* {{Unreliable Narrator}}: UnreliableNarrator: Self-admitted.
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->''These are the tales of Arthur, the Warlord, the King that Never Was, the Enemy of God and, may the living Christ and Bishop Sansum forgive me, the best man I ever knew. [[ManlyTears How I have wept for Arthur]].''

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->''These ->''"These are the tales of Arthur, the Warlord, the King that Never Was, the Enemy of God and, may the living Christ and Bishop Sansum forgive me, the best man I ever knew. [[ManlyTears How I have wept for Arthur]].''
"''



* AngloSaxons

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* AngloSaxonsUsefulNotes/AngloSaxons
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The Messiah has been disambiguated between Messianic Archetype and All Loving Hero. Bad examples and ZCE are being removed; if you disagree, please readd with sufficient context.


* TheMessiah: Arthur, Galahad (though both of them renounce [[spoiler:Lancelot]] in the end)
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** In the series, the heir of the British High King is called the Edling. But this is a later Welsh loanword from the Old English ''Ætheling'' and wouldn't have been used yet.

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** In the series, the heir of the British High King is called the Edling. But this is a later Welsh loanword from the Old English ''Ætheling'' ''Æþeling'' (Aetheling) and wouldn't have been used yet.
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Despite being a "historical" spin on the Arthurian mythos, this is still in effect. Arguably, writing "Arthur as a real historical figure" falls into this by default since so little is definitively known and so much is conjecture about the topic.
** The lineups for the ruling families of the British kingdoms don't necessarily follow the medieval Welsh genealogies for such kingdoms.
** The series doesn't mention Ambrosius Aurelianus and Vortigern, rulers in Britain who are accepted to be real people, though ShroudedInMyth as predecessors to Uther and Arthur.
** In the series, the heir of the British High King is called the Edling. But this is a later Welsh loanword from the Old English ''Ætheling'' and wouldn't have been used yet.
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Namespacing.


Also known as the ''Warlord Trilogy'', (or the ''Excalibur'' series, or ''Excalibur'' trilogy, etc.) ''The Warlord Chronicles'' are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series deals with war and politics in feudal-era Britain in an unflinching way, even when it comes down to the brutality, injustice and different customs of the period.

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Also known as the ''Warlord Trilogy'', (or the ''Excalibur'' series, or ''Excalibur'' trilogy, etc.) ''The Warlord Chronicles'' are a trio of books by BernardCornwell Creator/BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series deals with war and politics in feudal-era Britain in an unflinching way, even when it comes down to the brutality, injustice and different customs of the period.

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* EyeScream: as mentioned above, Nimue has an eye ripped out by Gundleus.

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* EyeScream: as mentioned above, Nimue has an eye ripped Gundleus not only rapes Nimue, but tears out by Gundleus.one of her eyes as well.



* GoodShepherd: Bishop Emrys

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* GoodShepherd: Bishop EmrysEmrys.


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* LaserGuidedKarma: Gundleus rapes Nimue and tears out one of her eyes while attempting to claim the throne of High King for himself. At the end of the book, after having backstabbed his way through every second chance he got, he falls into Nimue's hands, and she is very intent on [[PayEvilUntoEvil paying evil unto evil]].


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* UngratefulBastard: Gundleus is spared by Arthur despite his murders and uprising early in the first book. He proceeds to backstab Arthur at every possible opportunity throughout the rest of the book.

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* OneSceneWonder: Merlin has relatively little time directly interacting with Derfel in the books, but boy does he know how to make it memorable.


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* RapeAsDrama: Gundleus does this to Nimue.


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* RunningGag: Precisely what a camel is.
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** Tewdric, Meurig, Aelle, Cerdic, Claudas and possibly Cuneglas (there is a historical king named Cuneglas, but he was from Rhos, not Powys, and his father was Owain Ddantgwyn and not Gorfyddyd, who is fictional)
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** Amhar and Loholt to Arthur.
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* ThoseTwoBadGuys: Amhar and Loholt, Dinas and Lavaine.


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*** Derfel is actually one since the beginning, being a Saxon in Arthur's army.
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* Expy: Gorfyddyd and Gundleus for the Rebel Kings of the original stories (Lot, Uriens, Rience and some others).

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* Expy: {{Expy}}: Gorfyddyd and Gundleus for the Rebel Kings of the original stories (Lot, Uriens, Rience and some others).
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* Expy: Gorfyddyd and Gundleus for the Rebel Kings of the original stories (Lot, Uriens, Rience and some others).

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* DemotedToExtra: Gawain, Kay and Bedivere barely appear [[spoiler:and are killed off quickly]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since in the earliest version of the legends the last two formed a PowerTrio with Arthur and Gawain was Arthur's best warrior before Lancelot was introduced. Derfel takes on their usual roles somewhat, and at the end he is the [[SoleSurvivor sole surviving]] warrior of Arthur who throws Excalibur into a lake, like the legendary Bedivere.

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* DemotedToExtra: Gawain, Kay and Bedivere barely appear [[spoiler:and are killed off quickly]]. Rather unusual for [[{{Demythtification}} "historical"]] Arthurian historical fiction, retellings, since in the earliest version of the legends the last two formed a PowerTrio with Arthur and Gawain was Arthur's best warrior before Lancelot was introduced. Derfel takes on their usual roles somewhat, and at the end he is the [[SoleSurvivor sole surviving]] warrior of Arthur who throws Excalibur into a lake, like the legendary Bedivere.Bedivere.
*{{Demythtification}}: For the Arthurian legend.
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these are older books than game of thrones


Also known as the ''Warlord Trilogy'', (or the ''Excalibur'' series, or ''Excalibur'' trilogy, etc.) ''The Warlord Chronicles'' are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series tends to draw some comparisons to ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'', since both tend to deal with feudal era war and politics in similar honest and unflinching ways, even when it comes down to the brutalities, injustices and different customs of those societies.

to:

Also known as the ''Warlord Trilogy'', (or the ''Excalibur'' series, or ''Excalibur'' trilogy, etc.) ''The Warlord Chronicles'' are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series tends to draw some comparisons to ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'', since both tend to deal deals with feudal era war and politics in similar honest and feudal-era Britain in an unflinching ways, way, even when it comes down to the brutalities, injustices brutality, injustice and different customs of those societies.
the period.
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* AscendedExtra: The series is notable for focusing on lesser known characters, such as Derfel and Sagramore, instead of more famouse characters such as Gawain and Bedivere.

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* AscendedExtra: The series is notable for focusing on lesser known characters, such as Derfel and Sagramore, instead of more famouse famous characters such as Gawain Gawain, Kay and Bedivere.



* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned [[spoiler:and are killed off almost immediately]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were [[PowerTrio Arthur's chief companions]] in the original Welsh legends. Derfel takes on their usual roles somewhat, and at the end he is the [[SoleSurvivor sole surviving]] warrior of Arthur who throws Excalibur into a lake, like the legendary Bedivere.

to:

* DemotedToExtra: Gawain, Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned appear [[spoiler:and are killed off almost immediately]]. quickly]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were [[PowerTrio in the earliest version of the legends the last two formed a PowerTrio with Arthur and Gawain was Arthur's chief companions]] in the original Welsh legends.best warrior before Lancelot was introduced. Derfel takes on their usual roles somewhat, and at the end he is the [[SoleSurvivor sole surviving]] warrior of Arthur who throws Excalibur into a lake, like the legendary Bedivere.
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* AscendedExtra: The series is notable for focusing on lesser known characters, such as Derfel and Sagramore, instead of more famouse characters such as Gawain and Bedivere.
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* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned [[spoiler:and are killed off almost immediately]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were [[PowerTrio Arthur's chief companions]] in the original Welsh legends.

to:

* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned [[spoiler:and are killed off almost immediately]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were [[PowerTrio Arthur's chief companions]] in the original Welsh legends. Derfel takes on their usual roles somewhat, and at the end he is the [[SoleSurvivor sole surviving]] warrior of Arthur who throws Excalibur into a lake, like the legendary Bedivere.
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* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were Arthur's chief companions in the original Welsh legends.

to:

* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned. mentioned [[spoiler:and are killed off almost immediately]]. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were [[PowerTrio Arthur's chief companions companions]] in the original Welsh legends.
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* {{Deconstruction}}: The whole series is a massive deconstruction of the Arthurian mythos. You can begin by saying that there's no anachronistic chivalry, jousting, plate armor, that the setting is TheDungAges with all its appropriate ignorance, superstition and brutality, and that would ''still'' just be the start of the deconstructions.

to:

* {{Deconstruction}}: The whole series is a massive deconstruction of the Arthurian mythos. You can begin by saying that [[{{Demythtification}} there's no anachronistic chivalry, jousting, plate armor, armor,]] that the setting is TheDungAges with all its appropriate ignorance, superstition and brutality, and that would ''still'' just be the start of the deconstructions.
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Even after Arthur clears these early hurdles, many dangers still await. Because over the years friends have a way of turning into enemies, sectarian violence threatens to rip the Britons apart even in peacetime, friends and lovers have their ways of betraying you, and then there are the troubling signs around Mordred as he grows older...

to:

Even after Arthur clears these early hurdles, many dangers still await. Because over the years friends have a way of turning into enemies, sectarian violence threatens to rip the Britons apart even in peacetime, friends and lovers have their ways of betraying you, and then there are the troubling signs around Mordred as he grows older...
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None


The series contains three books, those being:
* ''The Winter King''
* ''Enemy of God''
* ''Excalibur''
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* AffablyEvil: Aelle. Happens to be really quite nice past the blunt and psychotic exterior and [[spoiler: adores his granddaughters in a strange, Saxon sort of way]].
** Lancelot, if you aren't Derfel.



* AntagonisticOffspring: Derfel to Merlin, his foster father - not all that often, and he really doesn't like doing it, but sometimes and [[spoiler: Derfel to Aelle]], a more text book example.
* AntiVillain: Aelle and Nimue, for very different reasons.



* ChessMaster: Merlin. Big time. Also Arthur, but his otherwise successful attempts at uniting Britain are hamstrung first by [[NiceJobBreakingItHero falling for Guinevere]], then by Derfel and Ceinwyn.

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* ChessMaster: Merlin. Big time. Also Arthur, but his otherwise successful attempts at uniting Britain are hamstrung first by [[NiceJobBreakingItHero falling for Guinevere]], then by Merlin via Derfel and Ceinwyn.



* DeadpanSnarker: Derfel has his moments, particularly as an old man.
--> The gruel was too hot this morning and scolded St Tudwal's tongue. Tudwal is a child in our monastery, the [[CorruptChurch Bishop's]] close companion in Christ, and last year the Bishop declared Tudwal to be a saint. The devil sets many snares in the path of true faith.



* [[LawfulStupid Lawful Extremely Stupid]]: Arthur allowing Mordred to become King, despite all the warning signs about Mordred, just to keep an oath.

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* [[LawfulStupid Lawful Extremely Stupid]]: Stupid]] / TooDumbToLive: Arthur allowing Mordred to become King, despite all the warning signs about Mordred, just to keep an oath.



** More, Screw Politeness I'm a Druid.



** Several excellent examples.



* {{Unreliable Narrator}}

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* {{Unreliable Narrator}}Narrator}}: Self-admitted.



* WorthyOpponent: The Saxon warrior king Aelle.

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* WorthyOpponent: The Saxon warrior king Aelle. He regards Arthur and Derfel the same way.

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Also known as the Warlord Trilogy, (or the Excalibur series, or Excalibur trilogy, etc.) The Warlord Chronicles are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series tends to draw some comparisons to ASongOfIceAndFire, since both tend to deal with feudal era war and politics in similar honest and unflinching ways, even when it comes down to the brutalities, injustices and different customs of those societies.

to:

Also known as the Warlord Trilogy, ''Warlord Trilogy'', (or the Excalibur ''Excalibur'' series, or Excalibur ''Excalibur'' trilogy, etc.) The ''The Warlord Chronicles Chronicles'' are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series tends to draw some comparisons to ASongOfIceAndFire, ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'', since both tend to deal with feudal era war and politics in similar honest and unflinching ways, even when it comes down to the brutalities, injustices and different customs of those societies.
societies.

The books in the Chronicles are:
* ''The Winter King''
* ''Enemy of God''
* ''Excalibur''
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moved to namespace

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->''These are the tales of Arthur, the Warlord, the King that Never Was, the Enemy of God and, may the living Christ and Bishop Sansum forgive me, the best man I ever knew. [[ManlyTears How I have wept for Arthur]].''

Also known as the Warlord Trilogy, (or the Excalibur series, or Excalibur trilogy, etc.) The Warlord Chronicles are a trio of books by BernardCornwell that retell the [[KingArthur Arthurian Legend]] in a fashion that is much closer to being historically accurate than the traditional legends, although many of the additions that were added to the original Welsh legends (such as Merlin and Lancelot) are still present and used in interesting ways. The series tends to draw some comparisons to ASongOfIceAndFire, since both tend to deal with feudal era war and politics in similar honest and unflinching ways, even when it comes down to the brutalities, injustices and different customs of those societies.

The story begins in an abbey, many years after the fall of Arthur, when Queen Igraine comes to the [[RetiredBadass old monk Derfel Cadarn]], who was once one of Arthur's lieutenants, to tell her the story of Arthur, so that it will not be forgotten. Reluctantly at first, Defel begins telling the story of Arthur as he experienced it, as he rose from a simple spearman to one of the most trusted warriors and leaders under Arthur's command. Here is how his story begins:

It was not a good time to be a Briton. Rome was falling and had abandoned Britain to its own fate. Saxons were on an inevitable drive of conquest from the east, while Irish raiders attack from the west to steal, plunder, or carve out their own kingdoms. The many kingdoms of the Britons compete and war with each other for territory, resources, or over the petty feuds and ambitions of their kings and princes. Inside these kingdoms, the religions of Christianity, the remnants of the old Druids, (who have nearly been wiped out by the Romans) and the Roman Gods jostle with each other and vie for the hearts and minds of the ordinary people.

About the only bright spot is the fragile alliance held together by the High King Uther which stands against the Saxons, but even that seems like a lost hope because Uther is a dying old man, his son is dead, and Uther has refused the advice of nearly everyone and has insisted on naming his infant grandson Mordred as his heir rather than his bastard son Arthur, (whom he blames for his son's death) despite the fact that Arthur is already gaining fame as a warrior from his exploits. Instead Uther declares a number of other major figures to be guardians, stewards and regents for Mordred and the alliance until Mordred comes of age. Uther dies while Mordred is still a baby, however, and the ambitious lords and priests are soon scheming and competing to either be High King or gain a greater share of power, while Arthur arrives and tries to sort the whole mess out and keep the Saxons from conquering the rest of Briton and the Franks from taking the friendly French kingdom of Benoic. Arthur himself nearly undoes his own efforts, however, when he breaks off a politically powerful arranged marriage in order to marry Guinevere, throwing the British kingdoms into chaos.

Even after Arthur clears these early hurdles, many dangers still await. Because over the years friends have a way of turning into enemies, sectarian violence threatens to rip the Britons apart even in peacetime, friends and lovers have their ways of betraying you, and then there are the troubling signs around Mordred as he grows older...

The series contains three books, those being:
* ''The Winter King''
* ''Enemy of God''
* ''Excalibur''

!!This work contains examples of:
* AcheyScars
* ActionGirl: Guinevere has her moments in book 3.
* AllPartOfTheShow: Cunningly used by the Saxons. If you enemies have a whole series of signal fires to warn of an invasion, then what better time to attack than on a holiday when massive bonfires are being lit everywhere?
* AlphaBitch: Guinevere starts off as something like this.
* AmbitionIsEvil: Although in one or two cases, a lack of ambition causes an awful lot of trouble too.
* AngloSaxons
* AnyoneCanDie: [[spoiler:And by the time of Arthur's final battle, most characters with a name will be dead]].
* AxCrazy: [[spoiler:Mordred and possibly Nimue in the third book]]. There are other examples as well, ranging from some inhabitants on the Isle of the Dead to minor but but completely nasty characters like Diwrnach, whose soldiers cover their shields with the blood and skin of slain victims. Diwrnach has a preference for using dead virgins for this...
** And as certain other character mentions, the only certain virgins are children...
* BadAss: Most of the characters.
* BoisterousBruiser: Arthur's cousin Culhwch, (who seems to be taking the part Gawain traditionally holds) is a great example. There are numerous others, ranging from Irish king Oengus Mac Airem to Derfel's first captain, Owain.
* BloodKnight: Quite a few, and even those who aren't like this can act like it in a fight. (Derfel is astonished the first time he sees Arthur fight a duel because he expects to Arthur to use his head, instead Arthur fights like a man possessed and sheepishly admits that he enjoyed it afterward).
* CharacterDevelopment: At least a few initially unlikeable, Scrappy-esque characters turn out to have understandable, sympathetic motives and grow on both the characters and readers.
* ChessMaster: Merlin. Big time. Also Arthur, but his otherwise successful attempts at uniting Britain are hamstrung first by [[NiceJobBreakingItHero falling for Guinevere]], then by Derfel and Ceinwyn.
** Guinevere tries. She fails.
* ChronicBackstabbingDisorder: Gundleus, [[spoiler:Lancelot]].
* {{Cincinnatus}}: King Tewdric of Gwent [[spoiler:retires to become a monk, but agrees to resume the throne in Book 3 to fight the Saxons, before resuming his monastic life]]. Also, this is what Arthur wants to be, despite everyone else hoping that he becomes RegentForLife.
* CoolHorse
* CoolOldGuy: Merlin is awesome with a side of awesome.
* CoolSword
* CorruptChurch: Most of the Christian churches come off this way.
* {{Deconstruction}}: The whole series is a massive deconstruction of the Arthurian mythos. You can begin by saying that there's no anachronistic chivalry, jousting, plate armor, that the setting is TheDungAges with all its appropriate ignorance, superstition and brutality, and that would ''still'' just be the start of the deconstructions.
* DeceptiveDisciple: [[spoiler:Nimue to Merlin, although it comes about in a different way from most takes on the story]].
* DemotedToExtra: Kay and Bedivere are barely mentioned. Rather unusual for Arthurian historical fiction, since they were Arthur's chief companions in the original Welsh legends.
* DirtyCoward: Sansum is a first class weasel. Also, [[spoiler:Lancelot]].
* DirtyOldMan: Merlin, Merlin, Merlin.
** Oh, and did we mention Merlin? It bears repeating.
** Also King Mark, but he completely lacks the coolness-factor and charisma.
* DoingInTheWizard: An in-text example. Derfel tells things as they happened: between being privy to aspects of the story that didn't make it into the popular narrative, and just having been present at the events, he repeatedly disproves Queen Igraine's stories about Arthur, which mostly came from minstrels. For example, Igraine heard from a song that the Warriors of the Cauldron were surrounded on a remote hill and magically flew to safety. Derfel informs her that in fact they walked off through the fog. Igraine accuses him of having "old man's memory", and it is repeatedly hinted that Igraine is having his manuscript rewritten at the palace in order to accommodate her own ideas ([[FridgeBrilliance and, given that this version of events obviously didn't survive to our era, that was probably the case]]).
** [[spoiler:The scribe who's translating the test into British/Welsh says Igraine won't let him change a word, but he wouldn't tell him if he was, so it's still up in the air.]]
* DoingInTheScientist: Most of the series is about debunking mystical explanations for things (or at least keeping it very ambiguous), but [[spoiler: the final book's climax has a number of elements that could not be plausibly explained as anything other than magic.]]
* DuelToTheDeath: Done several times, although it's also subverted at least once where Derfel leaves his foe alive. [[spoiler:Later he comes to regret that]].
* TheDungAges
* EccentricMentor: Oh, just guess.
** Albeit one with an extremely active sex drive.
* EnemyMine: With this much political scrambling and ambition, it happens constantly.
* TheEvilPrince: Massively inverted. Arthur refuses to be either this or RegentForLife, and [[spoiler:that's basically the cause of 70% of the problems in the story, particularly in the last book.]]
* EyeScream: as mentioned above, Nimue has an eye ripped out by Gundleus.
* FaceHeelTurn: Nimue is an interesting example -- her goals and methods never really change; it's just that all the other heroic characters learn to compromise and she never does.
* FakeUltimateHero: [[spoiler:Lancelot]].
* GoodShepherd: Bishop Emrys
* GrumpyOldMan: Merlin. And completely awesome and hilarious at the same time.
* HeadInTheSandManagement: Prince (later King) Meurig of Gwent, at least once per book.
* HeroicBastard: Arthur, Derfel, Galahad (although he is Lancelot's half-brother in this work rather than his illegitimate son).
* HeroicBSOD: Nimue goes into one during her time on the Island of the Dead, Arthur does a minor one and goes DarkerAndEdgier after finding out about Guinevere and Lancelot.
* HeroWorshipper: Derfel to Arthur, early on. (Well... an argument can be made that it never really goes away).
* HeterosexualLifePartners: Derfel and Galahad share "everything except women." Galahad even becomes the lone Christian on the quest for a pagan artifact simply because he wants to help his friend.
* HistoricalDomainCharacter: Derfel is based on an obscure British saint of the same name who, if tradition is to be believed, really was a warrior before becoming a monk.
* HonorBeforeReason
* HufflepuffHouse: All of the kingdoms in the north apart from Powys certainly qualify. Gwent probably does as well; despite being the largest of the Celtic states, with the largest army (said to number over 1000 spears at various points, whereas other states often struggle to raise half as many), its role in the novels is mostly reactive, it doesn't supply a single main character, and they frequently sit out crucial wars entirely.
* HumanSacrifice: Done in book 1 to a captured Saxon, later both done again and attempted unsuccessfully in book 3.
* IgnoredEpiphany: Not really a textbook example, but in ''The Winter King'' Nimue briefly considers throwing magic and the gods aside to live a normal life somewhere and maybe marry Derfel. Imagine how differently things might have gone...
* IJustWantToBeNormal: Arthur's fondest wish. Probably the reason why he gives in to lawful stupidity. (See below)
* KarmaHoudini: [[spoiler:Sansum]].
* KarmicDeath: Numerous.
* KnightInShiningArmor: Mostly subverted or deconstructed, but there are still a few straight examples.
* KnightTemplar: Nimue, who becomes more fanatical in her devotion to the gods and willing to go further than Merlin ever did.
* LadyMacBeth: Guinevere comes awfully close to playing this role in the first two books, and is frustrated as hell that Arthur won't play along. [[spoiler:The third book impressively rehabilitates her. While keeping her personality basically the same, amazingly enough.]]
* [[LawfulStupid Lawful Extremely Stupid]]: Arthur allowing Mordred to become King, despite all the warning signs about Mordred, just to keep an oath.
* LukeIAmYourFather: [[spoiler:Derfel and Aelle]]. Done unusually tactfully.
* TheMagicGoesAway: Merlin feels this is happening to the world, and that the gods are abandoning it as well. However, it could just be a case of...
* ManipulativeBastard: Merlin. He plays Derfel (and everyone short of Cerdic) like a violin. As his point on the Chessmaster page shows, he could quite conceivably have ruled Britain from behind the scenese if he so chose.
* MaybeMagicMaybeMundane: Because lets face it, the existence and reliability of magic is ''all over the place'' in this series. Intentionally so, going by the author's track record.
* {{Merlin}}
* MerlinAndNimue: Provides a well thought out and explored version of this relationship.
* NayTheist: Arthur
* OffingTheOffspring: [[spoiler:King Mark is just as much of a bastard here as in most other Arthurian stories. Poor Tristan]].
* OldSoldier: About half of the cast eventually becomes this.
** And turn into BadassGrandpa at the same time.
* OneSceneWonder: Merlin has relatively little time directly interacting with Derfel in the books, but boy does he know how to make it memorable.
* TheOphelia: Deconstructed.
* PetTheDog: Merlin's adoptions of orphans, freaks, and those touched by the gods, the cat that Arthur and Derfel get for the little girl who testifies against Owain.
* PyrrhicVictory: Several of Arthur's victories are like this toward the end of the series. [[spoiler: The battle of Mount Badon is the most notable example, as Arthur crushes the Saxon forces and kills some of their main leaders, but throws the balance of power towards Christianity, loses his most valuable ally, and effectively dooms Merlin to Nimue's wrath]].
* ReligionIsMagic: Played with, and readers tend to be left guessing how much magic is real and how much is simple trickery.
* RunawayFiance: Happens twice, and each time both parts of the couple is supposed to marry someone else. [[spoiler: In Arthur and Guinevere's case, it starts a war. Derfel deciding he wants Ceinwyn starts the downfall of Camelot. Despite these results, both couples end things reasonably happy.]]
* ScaryBlackMan: Sagramor, though he's much more approachable once you get to know him.
* ScrewPolitenessImASenior: Merlin. Big Time.
* SecondHandStorytelling: The whole series. this also means that we never really get to see all sorts of interesting things that Derfel wasn't around for. This means a lot of {{Noodle Incident}}s.
* SympathyForTheDevil
* TactfulTranslation: Provides [[Quotes/TactfulTranslation an excellent example]].
* TakeThat: the portrayal of Morgan as a [[spoiler:disfigured, lonely Druidic priestess who eventually converts to Christianity]] seems (to this Troper at least) a direct jab at the most famous modern portrayal of the character, MarionZimmerBradley's ''TheMistsOfAvalon''.
* TheMessiah: Arthur, Galahad (though both of them renounce [[spoiler:Lancelot]] in the end)
* TokenMinority: Sagramor. In the original stories he was a Moor, but this more historically-accurate setting being a few centuries too early for them, Cornwell has him a Nubian who made his way to Gaul serving in the Roman army. The Saxons think he's a demon.
** Actually, Palamedes is the famous Moorish knight from the legends: though he does have a brother named Segwarides, which sounds a bit like Sagramor. The original ''Sagramor'' has indeed come to Britain from afar, but not Africa - he's described as the son of a Hungarian king and a Greek princess.
** TruthInTelevision: there have been upper-class graves discovered in Britain with people of African descent in them - the Roman Britain was a truly cosmopolitan place.
* TokenEnemyMinority: Given how most Christians are depicted in the stories, Galahad (and, to a lesser extent, Tewdric, Emrys, and Bedwin) could be said to function as one of these.
** And eventually Derfel himself, of course. [[spoiler: Not exactly by choice though.]]
*** This is a distinct theme in Cornwell's writing. When the main protagonists aren't pagans (Derfel and Uhtred) they tend to be fairly irreligious and run across nasty priests (Jack Starbuck and Sharpe). However most of them have devout Christian best friends, e.g. Galahad, Fathers Willibald, Beocca and Pyrlig and of course Sergeant Harper.
* TreacherousAdvisor: Sansum.
* {{Unreliable Narrator}}
* VestigialEmpire
* WellIntentionedExtremist: [[spoiler:Merlin]] eventually backs away from this without crossing the MoralEventHorizon. [[spoiler:Nimue]], on the other hand, goes JumpingOffTheSlipperySlope.
** Technically Merlin does cross the [[MoralEventHorizon Event Horizon]], but only against strangers, hesitating when it comes to betraying his friends.
* WhatASenselessWasteOfHumanLife: Several notable cases, including [[spoiler:Tristan and Aelle]].
* WhatTheHellHero: Arthur gets one from Derfel over the way he deals with the Mark, Iseult, Tristan triangle.
* WorthyOpponent: The Saxon warrior king Aelle.
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