Characters / TRO Europe

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Western Europe

United Kingdom

Official Name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Ruling Party: Conservative Party - One Nation

Ideology: One-Nation Conservatism^note Traditional Conservatism

For its tropes, see the dedicated United Kingdom subpage.

Republic of Ireland

Official Name: Republic of Ireland

Ruling Party: Sinn Féin - Traditionalists^note Ourselves

Ideology: Agrarianism^note Traditional Conservatism

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James Dillon

Role: Príomh Aire^note Head of Government

Party: Sinn Féin - Traditionalists^note Ourselves

Ideology: Agrarianism^note Traditional Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}Many thought Friendly Anglo-Irish Relations were impossible after Ireland became Independent in 1922. Yet 40 years later, they've not only grown into friends, but some may even say Allies, and in many ways, you can thank James Dillon for that. The son of the last leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party before it was swept aside, Dillon became a Sinn Féin TD when he joined the Dail in the Early 30s, but like so many in Europe, his life was upended by the Second World War. A fierce Pro-Allies voice in Parliament, he was initially sidelined for his views as Ireland tried to stay Neutral, but the shock attacks by the Luftwaffe on the Treaty Ports on September 10th, 1940, brought him to the front benches after Ireland declared war.

Dillon was promoted to Agriculture Minister for the duration of the War, helping to prepare the sector for wartime production, as they became crucial for Allied Food Supplies, pushing for Farmers to modernise their methods. When Peace returned to Continental Europe in 1945, he became the External Affairs Minister, where he showed his talent by negotiating the return of the Treaty Ports and a new Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement. His success led him to be the chosen candidate by the party to replace Collins when he retired in 1950.

Having ruled as Príomh Aire for over a decade, promoting Anglo-Irish Relations and supporting Rural Irish Communities, he made his intention clear to retire by the time of the next elections in 1965, preparing to hand the torch to another generation of Irish Nationalists.

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• The Dissenter Is Always Right: Dillon was a fiercely pro-Allied politician from the outbreak of World War II and was initially sidelined for his views as Ireland sought to remain neutral. However the bombing of the Irish Treaty Ports would forcibly bring the country into the war and Dillon to the front benches.

Sheelagh Murnaghan

Role: Príomh Aire^note Head of Government (1965 election)

Party: Sinn Féin - Liberals^note Ourselves

Ideology: Social Liberalism^note Liberalism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}In Northern Irish politics, there are no greater obstacles than being a woman, a catholic and a liberal. Sheelagh Murnaghan is all three. Yet even in Irish politics, she still faced many of the same obstacles she did in the North. Despite everything being against her, she now leads the Independent Irish Nation.

Born in Northern Ireland after Partition into a Nationalist family, Murnaghan experienced the state-enforced discrimination against Irish Catholics like her firsthand. Despite this, she firmly believed that Catholics and Protestants could still get along as she grew up in Omagh, divided between both sects but sharing a sense of community together. When her family was forced from their home by the British Army during WWII, they moved to Dublin, where Murnghan began studying law at UCD. While there, she saw the male domination of both the university staff and law classes. By the time of her Graduation in 1947, only a little over 100 Irish Women had been called to the Bar.

Initially hesitant to enter into politics, she eventually ran under Sinn Féin for the 1955 election, becoming one of only a handful of female TDs within the Dáil. She soon became a leading voice of the Liberal Faction, describing herself as a "Collins-Style Liberal". She became an advocate for greater rights and equality for Women in Irish Society and called for a practical view on Northern Ireland. With Dillon's retirement ahead of the 1965 Elections, she rode a wave of grassroots support to become Dillon's successor as leader of a Party previously under Conservative and Traditionalist Rule. Now as the new Príomh Aire of Ireland, she will guide Ireland through a new Era of Liberalism, even as many in her party wish for a return to the past.

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• Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Murnaghan, Ireland's first female Príomh Aire candidate, calls for the expansion of women's and minority rights within Ireland, both in the Republic and the occupied Six Counties.

Patrick Hillery

Role: Deputy Prime Minister (Dillon cabinet), Príomh Aire^note Head of Government (1965 election)

Party: Sinn Féin - Moderates^note Ourselves

Ideology: Liberal Conservatism^note Fiscal Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}Patrick Hillery is either the luckiest man in Ireland or the unluckiest man in Ireland. A man who only wished to become a doctor is now leading the nation after a path of great luck and great reluctance.

A Clare man born and raised, he was lucky enough to attend UCD and become a doctor like his father, whom he hoped to succeed as the local GP. He was pressured by the Clare branch of Sinn Féin to run for the Dáil after the long-time TD retired. He eventually relented and was elected in 1950. Despite this, he was still primarily active as a doctor rather than a politician, still viewing his future in medicine rather than politics.

However, this would all change when he was approached by James Dillon to become the new Education Minister in 1958. While very reluctant, he accepted the offer due to his respect for Dillon. He spent his time as Minister reforming the Irish Education System, which had stagnated since Independence, with great success. He was appointed as Deputy PM after the 1960 Elections, once again with hesitancy.

After the 1962 Economic Recession, the party broke into Factional infighting, something Hillery wished to stay out of. However, Dillon's retirement in 1965 and the deepening factionalisation of the party led many to seek a unity candidate, which eventually drew them to Hillery. He once again was hesitant to take up the leadership mantle, but pressure from colleagues and the fear of a dividing party eventually forced him to relent and become the new leader. Hillery doesn't want to be in charge, but someone has to do it.

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• Reluctant Ruler: As Sinn Féin breaks down into infighting in the aftermath of the 1962 recession, many within the party are drawn towards Hillery as a unity candidate. Hillery doesn't really want to be in charge, but accepts due to peer pressure and the threat of further dividing the party.

Gerard Sweetman

Role: Finance Minister (Dillon cabinet), Príomh Aire^note Head of Government (1965 election)

Party: Sinn Féin - Traditionalists^note Ourselves

Ideology: Traditional Conservatism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}Gerard Sweetman has been called many things. Some call him a traditionalist who seeks to preserve Ireland's conservative catholic culture. Others call him a moderniser who seeks to overhaul Ireland's economic strategy in the decades ahead. When asked what he is, Sweetman simply says he's both. A man of tradition and a man of the future.

In his early years, Sweetman was a simple lawyer and part-time Sinn Féin councillor. When Ireland entered WWII, he eagerly signed up, fighting all the way to Germany by the end of the war. His actions in the war allowed him to join the Dáil in the Post-War elections. When Collins retired in 1950, he was part of a wider movement to push the party to the right and a strong supporter of James Dillon. He was awarded for his support by being appointed Finance Minister in 1960.

The aftermath of the Suez Crisis would've destroyed most Finance Ministers, but Sweetman instead used it as an opportunity to modernise the ageing finance department and push Ireland towards expanding its exports to other nations. By the time of the 1965 Party Conference, he was the leading voice of the conservatives, and thanks to Dillon's support, he was able to succeed his former boss as the man in charge of the nation. While Irish Society may stay the same under his leadership, he'll try his best to make Irish Society as a whole better off.

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• Action Politician: Sweetman eagerly signed up when Ireland joined the Alllies during WWII.

Tom O'Higgins

Role: Príomh Aire^note Head of Government (1965 election)

Party: Sinn Féin - Social Democrats^note Ourselves

Ideology: Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}As the old guard of Sinn Féin was swept aside by the passionate supporters of the Just Society Programme in an internal party revolution, Tom O'Higgins now leads a party once defined by his father and uncle. They pushed the party to the right; now he will push it back towards the left.

Born only three months after the Easter Rising, O'Higgins was the son of Thomas F. O'Higgins and the nephew of Kevin O'Higgins, both of whom were ministers in various Sinn Féin governments and who sought to turn the party to the right. Yet O'Higgins himself would help form a new Social-Democratic Wing of the party when he entered the Dáil in 1945 as a leader of a new generation of Irish Nationalists. As the party moved to the rights after Collin's retirement in 1950, he began trying to push it back towards the left, but to no avail.

When Declan Costello presented his 'Just Society' programme to the parliamentary party, O'Higgins was an early supporter, but the economic downturn after the Suez Crisis and the conservative party dominance led to the programme being rejected by Sinn Féin. The Duo instead began sowing grassroots support for the programme among party supporters in the lead-up to the 1965 Election. With James Dillon's retirement ahead of the election, the party members demanded the adoption of the Just Society proposal. When it was rejected, the furious supporters voted O'Higgins in as party leader, who began a radical shift from Old Sinn Féin Conservatism towards a Sinn Féin defined by Social Democracy.

Now at the helm of a New Sinn Féin, O'Higgins is prepared to lead the party and the nation towards another revolution, one controlled by the people rather than the party elders.

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• Like Father, Unlike Son: While his father and his uncle sought to push Sinn Féin to the right, Tom O'Higgins seeks to push the party to the left.

French Republic

Official Name: French Republic

Ruling Party: Section française de l'internationale ouvrière^note French Section of the Workers' International

Ideology: Liberal Socialism^note Social Democracy

For its tropes, see the dedicated French Republic subpage.

Belgium

Official Name: Kingdom of Belgium

Ruling Party: Parti Social Chrétien-Christelijke Volkspartij^note Christian Social Party

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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• The Empire: Belgium owes most of its economic prosperity to the Congo, one of the most profitable colonies in the world; Belgium shall fight to keep it till the end.
• Teeth-Clenched Teamwork: As the economic situation worsened, tensions have flared between the French- and Dutch-speaking communities of Belgium. Nationalist gangs roam the countryside, and it seems to be only a matter of time before it boils over.

Théo Lefèvre

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government

Party: Parti Social Chrétien-Christelijke Volkspartij^note Christian Social Party

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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Luxembourg

Official Name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Ruling Party: Chrëschtlech-Sozial Vollekspartei^note Christian Social People's Party

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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Joseph Bech

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government

Party: Chrëschtlech-Sozial Vollekspartei^note Christian Social People's Party

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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Netherlands

Official Name: Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ruling Party: Katholieke Volkspartij^note Catholic People's Party

Ideology: Fusion Conservatism^note Fiscal Conservatism

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Jan de Quay

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government

Party: Katholieke Volkspartij^note Catholic People's Party

Ideology: Fusion Conservatism^note Fiscal Conservatism

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• Reluctant Ruler: When approached by his party with an offer to become Prime Minister, de Quay was apprehensive and only accepted after much reluctance.

German Federation

Official Name: German Federation

Ruling Party: CDU/CSU/CÖU-G

Ideology: Paternalistic Conservatism^note Traditional Conservatism

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• Former Regime Personnel: Outside of the Party itself, very little denazification happened in West Germany, as Franz Halder, encouraged by France and the UK, made it his mission to clean the Wehrmacht, putting the blame on most failures and war crimes on the NSDAP and the SS. Because of this, while most high-ranking members of the NSDAP are dead (including those who survived in real life like Albert Speer), the new Bundeswehr is mostly made up of former Wehrmacht personnel.
• Karma Houdini: Since the German Federation underwent very little denazification, both the Bundeswehr and the West German government are filled with 'former' Nazis, an issue which the government tries to hide—the less it's talked about, the better.
• MegaCorp: Under the Franco-British Economic Administration, the German economy was tooled around three big corporations: Krupp, BMW and Siemens.
• Puppet State: Even though the French no longer occupy West Germany, their grip remains tight. The Bundeswehr's officers continue to be trained in France to ensure their loyalty to continental Europe's master, the economic commission ties the West German economy deep into France's, and the spine of the government remains the French bureaucracy.
• Red Scare: Since West Berlin fell to East Germany, anti-communist and anti-Soviet sentiment increased so much that it became engraved in West German society. Then, after a German communist assassinated Charles de Gaulle in 1959, the German Federation has arrested any and all who are deemed communist sympathisers, and banned all communist groups. West Germany is one of the most institutionally anti-communist countries in the world, with zero tolerance toward anything left of social democracy.
• The Scapegoat: The German Federation actively promotes the clean Wehrmacht myth, blaming the majority of war crimes committed by the Wehrmacht on the SS and the NSDAP instead.

Heinrich von Brentano

Role: Chancellor^note Head of Government

Party: Christlich Demokratische Union^note Christian Democratic Union

Ideology: Paternalistic Conservatism^note Traditional Conservatism

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Iberian Peninsula

Third Spanish Republic

Official Name: Spanish Republic

Ruling Party: Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista^note Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive

Ideology: National Syndicalism^note Fascism

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• The Assimilator: The Falangists launched a campaign of "Hispanization" to force minorities in Spain to abandon their languages and traditions and assimilate into Castilian 'Spanish' identity, except Jews and Romani, who are expelled instead.
• Civil War: Emilio Mola's death kicks off the second Spanish Civil War between Falangists, Moderates, Republicans and Communists.
• Government in Exile: After the Axis lost World War II, Emilio Mola offered to shelter many French collaborators with Nazi Germany, who formed a government-in-exile in 1951 in Madrid. Spain continues to recognise this government instead of the one that has been ruling in Paris since the liberation.
• Hates Rich People: According to the ideals of the Falange, large corporations are subject to punitive sanctions and redistribution of assets, while financial institutions that own too much capital must be dissolved by force and nationalised.
• One-Steve Limit: Spanish Republic is the official country name shared by both the Falangists and Republicans. Commonly and on the map, they're distinguished as Second Republic (the old Republican government which went to exile and will come back for the second civil war), Third Republic (the Falangist state) and Fourth Republic (the new name adopted by the Republicans if they win the civil war and write a new constitution).
• Red and Black Totalitarianism: The Third Spanish Republic is a fascist dictatorship that reuses the Falange's crimson-and-black party flag as its national flag.
• State Sec: The Camisas Azules (Blueshirts) are afforded considerable power to serve as a state security force that enforces the Falange's values, beliefs and practices upon the Spanish people.
• Vestigial Empire: Spain, formerly one of the world's greatest empires, is now but a shadow of its former self. After the Axis' defeat in the Second World War and the subsequent crash, Spain has been an international pariah and in deep economic troubles.
• Your Terrorists Are Our Freedom Fighters: Communists and the FELN, who seek to free Spain from fascism, are seen as no more than terrorists by Emilio Mola's government.

Emilio Mola

Role: Head of State

Party: Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista^note Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive

Ideology: National Syndicalism^note Fascism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}El Director, those two words are enough to strike fear into the heart of anyone with even the most basic knowledge of recent Spanish history. For whom else could they be referring to but Emilio Mola?

For a man who has struck terror into the heart of the Spanish people since the civil war, Mola's early life was surprisingly benign, born in Spanish Cuba, he would later turn towards the Spanish mainland after Cuba gained independence. By 1907, he enrolled into the Infantry Academy of Toledo, and within twenty years of his enlistment, bore the rank of Brigadier-general. But then came the failures of the Republic and Sanjurjo's glorious uprising.

Throughout the Civil War Mola would become known as both one of the most vital generals to the Nationalist cause, and one of the most brutal. As the war dragged on Mola rose to the position of second in command of Sanjurjo. As the war ended and the new Spanish state tried to forge its future, Mola stuck by the right hand of Sanjurjo no matter how the wind turned. Then in 1947 Sanjujro retired and Mola rose to replace him. Then Sanjurjo died and Mola's true plans were revealed. Turning to the Falangists for aid he unleashed a brutal reign of slaughter under the newly proclaimed Third Republic of Spain. Genocide, horrors unheard of since the broken Nazi Regime in Germany all under Mola's watchful eye. Yet that eye flickers with age. The fate of all flesh is drawing near, and Mola must make it so that all he built survives.

For if he fails, his legacy will be his true one of blood, slaughter, and insanity.

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• And There Was Much Rejoicing: Mola's death is met with joy from all of his enemies, who all seize the opportunity to rebel.
• Fascist, but Inefficient: Mola's rule has turned Spain into an international pariah with an absolutely miserable economy (in contrast to the pragmatic and adaptable Francisco Franco who took power in real life, Mola was much more committed to fascism).
• Final Solution: With the power of the Falange growing, Mola began the Second Inquisition, turning Spain into something comparable to the Dachau of Iberia. Every day, overcrowded trains carry communists, liberals, monarchists and ethnic minorities to concentration camps, and minority languages and cultures are erased by massive assimilationist programs.
• I Can Rule Alone: After Mola succeeded José Sanjurjo as Caudillo of Spain, the Nationalist coalition fell apart. The Falangists purged their former Alfonsite and Carlist allies, who have been driven abroad or underground, ironically acting as the same guerrilla cells they once sought to destroy.
• Plot-Triggering Death: Mola's death is a short prelude to the Second Spanish Civil War.
• Red Baron: The two words El Director are sufficient to strike fear into the heart of anyone with some precursor knowledge of recent Spanish history.
• Talking to the Dead: Mola occasionally talks to the bust of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the late founder of the Falange, asking if he would be satisfied with how Spain is crumbling from degeneracy while communists are controlling the heart of Europe.

Ramón Serrano Suñer

Role: Head of State (Mola death)

Party: Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista^note Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive

Ideology: National Syndicalism^note Fascism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}El Director is dead but his legacy lives on, in the form of Ramón Serrano Suñer.

He has come far from the law student he once was, but even then, he orbited greatness. A fellow student of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Suñer drew close to the man who founded Spain's future. Elected to the crumbling mess that was the Republican Cortes as a member of the CEDA he drew close to the Falangists as the Spanish Civil War tore apart the dying Second Republic.

As Sanjurjo secured his control over Spain, and Europe screamed under the jackboot of Berlin Suñer called for increased aid to the Germans in their struggle against the Soviet Union, an open supporter of the Blue Legion as they marched, fought, and died in the screaming wastes of Russia. Alienated as Sanjurjo aligned with the Allies, Suñer fell into the orbit of Emilio Mola, as one of his most loyal underlings, and his most radically Falangist. When Mola secured his control Suñer ascended to command the Servicio de Información y Investigación, but as Mola aged he found his heir in Suñer.

Spain may be in chaos, but Suñer has done it. He has reached his peak, the FE de las JONS is behind him, and he will see them triumph over Spain once more. The Communists, the Liberals, the foolish monarchists all of them will fall before him.

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• Meet the New Boss: Aside from minor reforms to prevent another civil war, Serrano continues the status quo under Mola, keeping Spain in the UNSL as the fascist hermit state of Europe.

Spanish State

Official Name: Spanish State

Ruling Party: Junta Provisional de Gobierno^note Provisional Government Junta

Ideology: Military Junta^note Despotism

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• Enemy Mine: La Gran Conspiración between moderate nationalists, Alfonsites and Carlists, three formerly opposing factions, is bound together by the hatred of how Mola betrayed them and Serrano continued his inquisition.
• A Lighter Shade of Black: Franco's faction gathers the moderate elements of the Spanish right who oppose how the Falange is leading Spain to ruin, though for all their ambitions of saving the country, a Francoist Spain is only a bit better off than under the Falangists.

Francisco Franco

Role: Head of State

Party: Junta Provisional de Gobierno^note Provisional Government Junta

Ideology: Military Junta^note Despotism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}Francisco Franco has received a God-given duty. Or at least that's what he likes to think.

He had always been known as an ambiguous man, waiting until the very last moment before committing to the military rebellion in 1936. Yet, the critical support he brought to the nationalist cause during the Civil War made him one of the most influential names in Sanjurjo's Spain, so much so that he was even considered to succeed him alongside Manuel Fal Conde and Emilio Mola. But the latter won out, and the nightmare began.

Franco could only watch as Mola made a mockery of Spain with his twisted vision, forced to lay low lest he suffer the same fate as his colleagues who dared to challenge El Director. By paying lip service to the Falange and using his ties with his brother-in-law Ramón Serrano Suñer, Franco was nevertheless able to conserve his position in the General Staff. Determined to not stand idly by, he began plotting in the dark to sabotage the regime.

And now, the time has finally come for "El General" to drop the mask. Spain has been bruised and battered. It lies on the ground half-dead, but there is a way to save it, and it's con Paquito.

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• Even Evil Has Standards: From Franco's point of view, he rebels against Mola because he feels that he cannot sit idle while Spain is being destroyed by Mola's cruelty and insanity.
• Shout-Out: Franco's secret identity as El General is partially influenced by Maxwell Knight's portrayal as the shadowy Boss of HMMLR in The New Order Last Days Of Europe.
• The Spook: El General, the architect of a conspiracy which has managed to unify the remnants of the Falange's right-wing opposition, is a mysterious figure only spoken of in rumours among the Spanish military. After Mola dies and the Second Spanish Civil War begins, El General finally makes his first public appearance and reveals his true identity as Francisco Franco.

Second Spanish Republic

^{Flag of the Fourth Spanish Republic}

Official Name: Spanish Republic

Ruling Party: Acción Republicana Democrática Española - I^note Spanish Democratic Republican Action

Ideology: Social Radicalism^note Social Democracy

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• Elite Army: The Republican army consists mostly of veterans of the first Spanish Civil War, who are experienced but low in number.
• Government in Exile: By game start, the Republican Spanish government remains in exile in France, recognised by the ECO. After Emilio Mola's death, they march through the Franco-Spanish border, hoist the tricolor in Barcelona and proclaim the rebirth of the Republic. If they lose the second Civil War, they'll be airlifted to the Balearic Islands by the RAF and proclaim a second government-in-exile.
• One-Steve Limit: Spanish Republic is the official country name shared by both the Falangists and Republicans. Commonly and on the map, they're distinguished as Second Republic (the old Republican government which went to exile and will come back for the second civil war), Third Republic (the Falangist state) and Fourth Republic (the new name adopted by the Republicans if they win the civil war and write a new constitution).
• La Résistance: While the Republican government and military have been in exile in France since losing the first civil war, the Spanish National Liberation Front remains active in Spain and continues fighting a guerrilla war against the Falange.

Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz

Role: President^note Head of State

Ruling Party: Acción Republicana Democrática Española - I^note Spanish Democratic Republican Action

Ideology: Social Radicalism^note Social Democracy

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}One could easily mistake hope for foolishness, but Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz is an intelligent man, a scholar, and one of the greatest Spanish historians of our time. Yet, he continues to cling to a dead regime, even decades after its disappearance, as Prime Minister of the Republic in exile. Ever since he assumed this position, Sánchez-Albornoz has been a reminder of lighter days, a unifying figure for those who still believe in democracy, and a link between the Maquis and its ECO benefactors. But he has always been considered a mere symbol, until now.

With the death of Mola and the collapse of his nightmare state, the line between dreams and reality is starting to blur, and everything now seems possible. But getting carried away would be a fatal mistake. Spain's future is still in flux, but Claudio has learned from history, and he will not allow the mistakes of the past to repeat themselves.

There can be no progress without struggle. Like the French revolutionaries he so dearly admires, Claudio will steer Spain into a new virtuous era. Morals of the old will be toppled. Religion's obscurantist influence shall be removed. "Reason" and "Liberty" will be our guiding words. And at last, Spain will take its rightful place among the other free nations of Europe.

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People's Republic of Spain

Official Name: People's Republic of Spain

Ruling Party: Partido Comunista de España - L^note Communist Party of Spain

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• Eagle Squadron: The Spanish communists are supported by tens of thousands of comrades hailing from numerous countries.
• Teeth-Clenched Teamwork: Multiple factions within the Spanish left vie for control over the Commune, and are united only in their desire for a communist Spain. Some of them (namely the Communist Left of Spain and the left wing of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) also aren't fond of the Commune's benefactors in Moscow, not that they have any choice in working with the USSR.

Juan Modesto

Role: President^note Head of State

Party: Partido Comunista de España - L^note Communist Party of Spain

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

In-Game Biography ^{Click to Show}The wind of the people roars over Spain, sweeping all before it in the unending march of history, and so too is Juan Modesto caught in histories turning wheels.

This is not the first time that the winds of revolution have caught Modesto in their net. Modesto was there in Spain when the fascists rose up against the Second Republic. When the crisis of capitalism was thrown into contrast. When reaction, and revolution tore the fabric of Spain to dust fighting for the power to forge Spain's future.

The revolution lost then. Sanjurjo triumphed and Modesto fled to the heartland of the revolution. A heartland he served as proudly as his own. When the Fascists marched into the Soviet Union, Modesto stood with the Red Army, and he pushed them back. The vengeful blade of the people was driven into the heart of the Fascist beast on Berlin.

And so, Modesto turned to doing so in Madrid. When Mola came to power the plans of the PCE accelerated, and as Spain collapsed plans were set in place. Plans for a revolution.

Then Mola died, Valencia fell to the workers, and a new revolution began. It may have come early but Modesto will throw all he can into this war to save Spain, and to see the red flag raised in his homeland once more.

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• Eagle Squadron: Modesto was part of the Spanish communists who fought for the Soviet Union during WWII.
• The Exile: After the Republicans lost the First Spanish Civil War, Modesto went in exile to the Soviet Union.

Portuguese Republic

Official Name: Portuguese Republic

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• The Empire: Portugal is one of the world's largest colonial empires, second only to the UK and France, and continues to exert a considerable influence upon the Atlantic through its naval power.

Southern Europe

Kingdom of Italy

Official Name: Kingdom of Italy

Ruling Party: Democrazia Cristiana^note Christian Democracy

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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• Corrupt Politician: Italian politics is full of men who all have their money in each other's pockets.
• Vestigial Empire: In the aftermath of the Second World War, Italy was greatly crippled, as lies and humiliation have kept the people divided, South Tyrol and the Aosta Valley were occupied by the USSR and France, and Greater Italy becomes but a distant dream.

Umberto II

Role: Monarch^note Head of State

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Antonio Segni

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government

Party: Democrazia Cristiana^note Christian Democracy

Ideology: Christian Democracy^note Traditional Conservatism

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Vatican City

Official Name: Vatican City State

Ruling Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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• The Theocracy: The Vatican is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Pope who is elected by the Papal Conclave.

John XXIII

Role: Pope^note Head of State

Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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• Reasonable Authority Figure: John XXIII promotes a policy of Ostpolitik, opening dialogue with the atheist socialist governments that now rule over the Catholic-majority countries in Eastern Europe like Poland and Croatia.

Gregory XVII

Role: Pope^note Head of State (John XXIII succession)

Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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Leo XIV

Role: Pope^note Head of State (John XXIII succession)

Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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Paul VI

Role: Pope^note Head of State (John XXIII succession)

Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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Pius XIII

Role: Pope^note Head of State (John XXIII succession)

Party: Holy See

Ideology: Papacy^note Despotism

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Greece

Official Name: Kingdom of Greece

Ruling Party: Ethnikī́ Rizospastikī́ Énōsis^note National Radical Union

Ideology: Paternalistic Conservatism^note Traditional Conservatism

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• The Remnant: After losing the Civil War in 1949, the Greek communists continue to operate an insurgency in the mountains of Macedonia and Western Thrace.

Evangelos Avernoff

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government

Party: Ethnikī́ Rizospastikī́ Énōsis^note National Radical Union

Ideology: Paternalistic Conservatism^note Traditional Conservatism

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Panagiotis Kanellopoulos

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government (Avernoff succession)

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Sofoklis Venizelos

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government (Election)

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Georgios Zoitakis

Role: Prime Minister^note Head of Government (Military coup)

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• Military Coup: Zoitakis is the leader of the pro-ICA colonels who can overthrow the civilian government and suspend 11 articles of the constitution.

Konstantinos II

Role: Monarch^note Head of State (Royal Counter-coup)

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Eastern Europe

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Official Name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Ruling Party: Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (bol'shevikov) - Bukharinist^note All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

For its tropes, see the dedicated USSR subpage.

Polish People's Republic

Official Name: Polish People's Republic

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• The Resenter: Many Poles resent how the USSR reclaimed Western Ukraine and Belarus (which the Second Polish Republic originally annexed in 1921) after the Second World War, which left many ethnic Poles living outside Poland itself.

Socialist Republic of Germany

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Germany

Ruling Party: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands^note Socialist Unity Party of Germany

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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Erich Apel

Role: Head of State

Party: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands^note Socialist Unity Party of Germany

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• Emperor Scientist: Apel, a former aerospace engineer, has invested in technological advancements and implemented that Neues Ökonomisches System that greatly increased industrial efficiency and output, since becoming leader of East Germany in 1957.

Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia

Ruling Party: Komunistická strana Československa^note Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• We ARE Struggling Together: Czechoslovakia is ostensibly a state with a national culture united around Communism, but in reality, the numerous problems plauging the state are causing ethnic tensions between Czechs and Slovaks to increasingly flare up, and the idea of a Czechoslovak state and culture might not be long for this world.

Socialist Republic of Austria

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Austria

Ruling Party: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs^note Communist Party of Austria

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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Johann Koplenig

Role: Head of State

Party: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs^note Communist Party of Austria

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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Socialist Republic of Hungary

Official Name: Socialist Republic of Hungary

Ruling Party: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja^note Hungarian Communist Party

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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Rumanian People's Republic

Official Name: Rumanian People's Republic

Ruling Party: Partidul Comunist Român^note Romanian Communist Party

Ideology: National Communism^note Heterodox Communism

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• The Friend Nobody Likes: The Rumanian People's Republic might ostensibly be a member of the Weimar Pact and aligned with Moscow, but in reality the Rumanian people are deeply sceptical towards the Soviet rule and influence, and the local Communist government hold on power is precarious at best, resulting in its adoption of policies that distances itself from internationalism and embraces a larger emphasis on nationalism. As a result, the rest of the Pact considers Rumania a problem child at best, and a rogue member at worst.
• Small Role, Big Impact: Rumania is a rogue satellite of the USSR. But if Ryutin fails to control and stabilize Rumania then the Army and the NKVD will launch a coup and force him to step down.

Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu

Role: Head of State

Party: Partidul Comunist Român^note Romanian Communist Party

Ideology: National Communism^note Heterodox Communism

Balkan Socialist Federative Republic

Official Name: Balkan Socialist Federative Republic

Ruling Party: Savez komunista Jugoslavije^note League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• The Federation: The Balkan Socialist Federative Republic is a union of equals between Albanians and all South Slavic peoples.
• Space-Filling Empire: The Balkan SFR covers most of the Balkans.

Milan Gorkić

Role: Head of State

Party: Savez komunista Jugoslavije^note League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

Northern Europe

People's Republic of Denmark

Official Name: People's Republic of Denmark

Ruling Party: Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti^note Communist Party of Denmark

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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Knud Jespersen

Role: Head of State

Party: Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti^note Communist Party of Denmark

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

Socialist Workers' Republic of Finland

Official Name: Socialist Workers' Republic of Finland

Ruling Party: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue^note Communist Party of Finland

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• Chummy Commies: The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic boasts one of the highest living standards in the world, an example of what the proletariat is capable of. Cities are prosperous, harvests are plentiful, people are willing to give to those in need and accept the fact that everyone is equal, and Finland is always the first to aid fellow socialist nations when they're threatened by famines.

Hertta Kuusinen

Role: Head of State

Party: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue^note Communist Party of Finland

Ideology: Marxism-Leninism^note Orthodox Communism

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• Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Kuusinen is the first female leader of Finland and the only one in the Weimar Pact at the game's start.

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