History UsefulNotes / WingChun

* Some also consider Creator/BruceLee's '''Jun Fan Gung Fu''' as a heavily modified variant of wing chun before he went on to create Jeet Kune Do.

[[folder:Sayings on Forms/Movements]]

Ip Man's 9 rules of conduct that he established from the start of his career as a Wing Chun teacher in Hong Kong in the 1950s.

While one of the most popular styles of kung fu around, Wing Chun is perhaps one of the most controversial martial arts in real life. It is frequently accused of being based on impractical training methods and containing an excessive emphasis in unrealistic concepts over real applications, and this extends not only to the art's methodology, but also to its very core principles - turning into a moot point when it's argued that these traits, wrong or not, are precisely what make Wing Chun the way it is. Wing Chun also carries the stigma of being a heavy case of both ComplexityAddiction and CripplingOverspecialization even inside the kung fu community, which is to say something given that most traditional kung fu styles are accused of those same flaws. These notes are a guranteedly polarizing topic of conversation in real life, as the wing chun community is known to be a very traditional, almost evangelically zealous body, which has given out too many flame wars in internet.

[[folder: The Main Lineages]]

* '''Poon Sao''' ('''盤手"Rooting hands"'''): A variant of the Chi Sao practice that turns it into a drill and focus only on maintaining one's own forward pressure and dissipating the opponent's forward pressure, with both practitioners utilizing most of their core strength compared to then when they are practicing Chi Sao. This practice is for strength and structure conditioning. Imagine the arms of both practitioners as tree roots extending towards one another in competition for more soil.

* '''Chi Guek''' ('''黐脚"Sticky feet"'''): Another variant of the Chi Sao practice, using the feet instead of the hands.

[[folder:Yee Jee Kim Yeung Ma]]

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[[folder:Sil Lim Tau]]

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[[folder:Chum Kiu]]

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[[folder:Biu Jee]]

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[[folder:Muk Yan Jong]]

Translated as "Martial Sayings", "Fist Poetry" or "Fighting Songs", they are concise, rhythmic verses which present the methods or philosophies of a kung fu style and also capture, in poetic terms, the finer attributes of Wing Chun. It contains things like rules of conduct, maxims of the art, training proverbs, sayings for all training forms, etc. Different lineages have different sayings, but many are recognized and shared.

[[folder:Other notable Wing Chun lineages, branches and variants]]

!!Main Lineages of Wing Chun

!!Other notable Wing Chun lineages, branches and variants

* The Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Weng Chun lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and another one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard the Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam before building the second southern temple at Jiulian Shan (Nine Lotus Mountain), then later getting killed by Bak Mei in a duel during the attack on the temple as Bak Mei and Fung Dou Dak joined forces with the Qing army. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the second temple's destruction.

* '''Hong Kong/Ip Man Lineage''': The most well known lineage today and the one that almost everyone outside of students of the other lineages thinks of when referring to the art. Ip Man first learned the art under Chan Wah-shun and was Chan's 16th and last student. Due to Chan's age of 57, he was able to train Ip for only three years before suffering a mild stroke in 1909 and retiring to his village, so Ip learned most of his skills and techniques from Chan's second-most senior student, Ng Chung-sok. At the age of 16, with help from his relative, Leung Fut-ting, Ip moved to Hong Kong where a classmate of Ip's named Lai told him that a friend of Lai's father who was an expert in Kung Fu techniques was living with them, and had offered to have a friendly sparring match with Ip. Ip accepted and challenged the man to a duel. He was easily overwhelmed, so Ip requested a rematch and was beaten just as badly, but the man was impressed with Ip's skills and revealed himself to be Leung Bik, the son of Leung Jan, who trained Ip's master, Chan Wah-shun. Ip proceeded to train with Leung Bik, until Leung's death in 1911. Ip returned to Foshan in 1916 when he was 24 and became a police officer there for the Nationalist government. He taught the art to several of his subordinates, friends, and relatives, but did not officially run a martial arts school. During the second Sino-Japanese war, Ip Man sided with Kuomintang during the conflict, though what he did during the war remains a RiddleForTheAges. After the war, Ip Man served for a few years as captain of the Foshan police patrols. At the end of 1949, after the Chinese Communist Party won the Chinese Civil War, as Ip was a member of the Kuomintang, Ip and his family, left Foshan for Hong Kong. After having moved to Hong Kong, Ip began teaching Wing Chun in the early 1950s, to escape poverty and to allegedly feed his opium addiction. In 1967, Ip and some of his students established the Ving Tsun Athletic Association, which helped his lineage of Wing Chun to spread to the rest of the world to this day.

* '''Guangzhou/Yuen Kay-shan/Sum Nung Lineage''': Sum Nung was born in Peru in 1926 to a wealthy family. He was of a Chinese father and a Peruvian mother. When he was about 5-7 years of age, he traveled to China with the father to visit his grandmother. During his visit, Japan attacked China to start the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese bombarded their house and his father died. In the aftermath, he was then left alone with his grandmother and with the termination of communication between the outside as well as within and across China due to the war, Sum lost contact with his mother and lived poorly as many did during the war and suffered bullying due to being half-Chinese. When he was about 12 years of age, he was entrusted to work as an apprentice in the Tin Hoi Restaurant in Foshan to support himself and his grandmother, where he met and began learning Wing Chun from Cheung Bo, who was a chef at the restaurant. In 1941, Cheung Bo introduced Sum to Yuen Kay-shan, and after either losing a challenge involving an egg or just losing a fight, Sum became Yuen's only disciple. Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to Luk Dim Boon Gwun. Sum developed a great reputation for the quality of his Wing Chun and in 1943 began teaching in Foshan at the Deep Village Temple. In the late 1940s he moved to the city of Guangzhou where he taught Wing Chun to members of several local Workers Unions. In 1947, he taught Wing Chun at Guangzhou Machinery Union. The next year, he opened a herbal clinic on Daisun Street and ran a martial art school. Due to Master Sum's power in application, Sum gained the nickname Tiet Bei Nung (Tie Bi Neng, Iron Arm Nung). Sum originally named this lineage after Yuen Kay-shan, but students of Sum later named it after Sum himself to refer to the combined lineages of both his teachers. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of butterfly swords and the six and a half point pole. It originally had throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu") in the system as Yuen Kay Shan was said to be so good with them that he could kill a bird in a tree, but Sum Num candidly has stated he could never figure out how to use them like Yuen Kay Shan and took it out of his curriculum.

* '''Yik Kam/Cho Gar/Ban Chung/Cao Dean Lineage''': The lineage's founding is credited to Yik Kam (some have claimed his real name was So Kai Ming), who was an actor in the King Fa Wui Goon (Precious Jade Flower Union), a group within the Red Boat Opera Company, who played the role of Cheung Tan or Mo-Deng (Ching deng or Male playing "Female" role). The traditions state that he was either the third senior student under Cheung Ng, after Wong Wah Bo and Leung Yee Tai with Sum Kam following in fourth, was student of Leung Gwai Lam, a name that sounds very close to Leung Lan Kwai who is mentioned in Ip Man traditions as having learned from Leung Bok Lao and brought the art to Red Boat, or was actually a second generation practitioner from Red Boat under Leung Yee Tai and the only disciple he had within Red Boat. Yik Kam is said to have began teaching the art following an encounter where he bested Cho Shun and his brothers from Poon Yu Village. Cho Shun (Cao Shun, also known as Dai Ngao Shun or "Cross-eyed Shun") was an actor that joined the Red Boat Opera Company and was from a family that was known to have been practitioners of southern fighting systems, such as Choy Lai Fut, Hung Gar, Mok Gar, and White Crane that they combined into their personal family style known as Cho Gar. After being bested in a contest of skill, he sought to become Yik Kam's student and told his two or in some accounts three brothers about Yik Kam and his unique Kung Fu method when visiting his native Poon Yu Village on a break. The other brothers didn't believe him and wanted to see for themselves, and was met with the same luck Cho Shun did. The Cho Family then invited Yik to move to Poon Yu village when he retired, where he would be cared for, in exchange for instruction in his art. Yik Kam would then teach his art to Cho Shun, his family members and other Poon Yu natives with the most prominent being Shun's son, Cho Duk-sang. Cho Duk-sang (Cao Desheng) at the start of his training wasn't instructed in the family's style, but was said to have taken to the new art a lot faster than the other members of the family before combining it with his family's style and eventually passed the art to other family members, namely his son Cho Dak-on (though for some reason, Website/TheOtherWiki states they aren't related at all) and other villagers. Cho Dak-on, who would be better known as Cao Dean, would eventually master the combined art as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of his martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with the locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, he would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others and then their own students, though a few of Dean's peers and family members also moved to the Malay peninsula to spread the art with students of their own. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques. The most obvious difference from other lineages is that rather than practicing the three forms: Siu Nim Tao, Cham Kiu, and Biu Jee separately, it uses one long form made of 108 moves which comprises of the three parts under the Siu Nim Tao name (though it is made up of different Chinese characters). The other major difference is that they don't practice common Lok Sau (rolling hands) method of Chi Sao, instead they use Huen Sau (circling hands), which looks a little more like Taiji Push Hands. Due to its association with the Red Boat Opera Company, this lineage is usually known as "Ban Chung" or "Opera Style".

* The Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Weng Chun lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam before building the second southern temple at Jiulian Shan (Nine Lotus Mountain), then getting killed by Bak Mei in a duel during the attack on the temple as Bak Mei and Fung Dou Dak joined forces with the Qing army. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the second temple's destruction.

* '''Chi Sao''' ('''黐手"Sticky hands"'''): A form of sparring exercise training designed to teach reflex, sensitivity, and maintaining a forward pressure against the opponent. It would be appropriate to designate chi sao as a hand-to-hand chess, because traditional chess also emphasizes the importance of controlling the central squares and maintain a continuous offensive pressure against the opponent. Chi sao requires the practitioner to (1) dissipate the opponent's forward pressure, (2) maintain their own forward pressure and center line, and (3) find and exploit the opponent's openings

* '''Lap Sao''' ('''擸手"Taking hands"'''): A form of a more repetitive sparring drill designed to further teach reflex and maintaining structure when shifting stances.

* '''Poon Sao''' ('''盤手"Rooting hands"'''): A variant of the Chi Sao practice that turns it into a drill and focus only on maintaining one's own forward pressure and dissipating the opponent's forward pressure, with both practitioners utilizing most of their core strength compared to then when they are practicing Chi Sao. This practice is for strength and structure conditioning. Imagine the arms of both practitioners as tree roots extending towards one another in competition for more soil.

* The Chu Chong branch of the Pao Fa Lien lineage states that it originates from a unspecified Shaolin Temple. Following the destruction of the temple at the hands of the Qing Empire, the survivors swore to use their knowledge to destroy them. According to this lineage, the name Wing Chun is a shortened form of the revolutionary motto "Wing yun chi jee; Mo mong Hon Juk; Dai dei wu chun." A secret code that allowed the anti-Qing revolutionaries to recognize each other. Eventually, the codeword was shortened to Wing Chun. Because of the secrecy of the anti-Qing rebellious activities, the exact details of Wing Chun's development were lost. At the turn of the 19th century, a monk identified as Dai Dong-fong emerged to support the anti-Qing rebellion. His martial skills earned the terror of Manchurian armies and as a result, the Qing authorities wished to apprehend Dai Dong-fong. He would settle in Qingyuan, Guangdong where he encountered the Tse brothers - Tse Gwok-leung and Tse Gwok-cheung- who were Mandarins reluctantly fighting for the Qing government and took Dai Dong-fong to safety. In return for their kindness and seeing their good character, Dai Dong-fong taught the brothers his martial art. Dai Dong-fong would eventually leave to travel to northern China. Subsequently, the Tse brothers adopted an infant by the name of Lao Dat-sang. As a young man, Lao Dat-sang was an earnest woodworker, who earned various nicknames related to his line of work - eventually earning the famous nickname Pao Fa Lien or "Wood Planer Lien". The Gwok Gai branch however subscribes to the Ng Mui story instead.

* The Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Weng Chun lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam before building the second southern temple at Jiulian Shan (Nine Lotus Mountain), then getting killed by Bak Mei in a duel during the attack on the temple as Bak Mei and Fung Dou Dak joined forces with the Qing army. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the temple's destruction.

* '''Pao Fa Lien Lineage''': Pao Fa Lien was the nickname of Lao Dat-sang and was the adopted son of Manchurian brothers Tse Gwok-leung and Tse Gwok-cheung, both of whom learned the art under a Shaolin monk they kept safe from the Qing Empire's persecution of Shaolin. They began teaching it to him when he was nine and after a decade of training, he traveled to Foshan and worked as a treasurer at an establishment. He never openly taught martial arts, but many people sought to be his disciples after learning of his skills. When he was over 70 years of age, he took Chu Chong as his disciple. Later, Chu Chong along with family moved to Sam Shui Po in Hong Kong where they opened an osteopathy clinic. Although he followed the way of Wing Chun, which is "only to pass down but don't teach the art", still he accepted many disciples, with the most prominent being Chu Wing-Jee and Mok Pui-On as their apprentices are the one that currently head the style. It is unique for its emphasis on weapon-based combat and includes a kwan-dao form, that is not practised in other major lineages. It also contains 28 forms; 10 forms are dedicated for bare-handed fighting, with rest meant for weapon-based fighting and/or wooden dummy practice.

* '''Leung Ting Lineage'''

* '''Robert Chu Lineage'''

* The Pao Fa Lien lineage states that it originates from a unspecified Shaolin Temple. Following the destruction of the temple at the hands of the Qing Empire, the survivors swore to use their knowledge to destroy them. According to this lineage, the name Wing Chun is a shortened form of the revolutionary motto "Wing yun chi jee; Mo mong Hon Juk; Dai dei wu chun." A secret code that allowed the anti-Qing revolutionaries to recognize each other. Eventually, the codeword was shortened to Wing Chun. Because of the secrecy of the anti-Qing rebellious activities, the exact details of Wing Chun's development were lost. At the turn of the 19th century, a monk identified as Dai Dong-fong emerged to support the anti-Qing rebellion. His martial skills earned the terror of Manchurian armies and as a result, the Qing authorities wished to apprehend Dai Dong-fong. He would settle in Qingyuan, Guangdong where he encountered the Tse brothers - Tse Gwok-leung and Tse Gwok-cheung- who were Mandarins reluctantly fighting for the Qing government and took Dai Dong-fong to safety. In return for their kindness and seeing their good character, Dai Dong-fong taught the brothers his martial art. Dai Dong-fong would eventually leave to travel to northern China. Subsequently, the Tse brothers adopted an infant by the name of Lao Dat-sang. As a young man, Lao Dat-sang was an earnest woodworker, who earned various nicknames related to his line of work - eventually earning the famous nickname Pao Fa Lien or "Wood Planer Lien".

* '''Yik Kam/Cho Gar/Ban Chung/Cao Dean Lineage''': The lineage's founding is credited to Yik Kam (some have claimed his real name was So Kai Ming), who was an actor in the King Fa Wui Goon (Precious Jade Flower Union), a group within the Red Boat Opera Company, who played the role of Cheung Tan or Mo-Deng (Ching deng or Male playing "Female" role). The traditions state that he was either the third senior student under Cheung Ng, after Wong Wah Bo and Leung Yee Tai with Sum Kam following in fourth, was student of Leung Gwai Lam, a name that sounds very close to Leung Lan Kwai who is mentioned in Ip Man traditions as having learned from Leung Bok Lao and brought the art to Red Boat, or was actually a second generation practitioner from Red Boat under Leung Yee Tai and the only disciple he had within Red Boat. Yik Kam is said to have began teaching the art following an encounter where he bested Cho Shun and his brothers from Poon Yu Village. Cho Shun (Cao Shun, also known as Dai Ngao Shun or "Cross-eyed Shun") was an actor that joined the Red Boat Opera Company and was from a family that was known to have been practitioners of southern fighting systems, such as Choy Lai Fut, Hung Gar, Mok Gar, and White Crane that they combined into their personal family style known as Cho Gar. After being bested in a contest of skill, he sought to become Yik Kam's student and told his two or in some accounts three brothers about Yik Kam and his unique Kung Fu method when visiting his native Poon Yu Village on a break. The other brothers didn't believe him and wanted to see for themselves, and was met with the same luck Cho Shun did. The Cho Family then invited Yik to move to Poon Yu village when he retired, where he would be cared for, in exchange for instruction in his art. Yik Kam would then teach his art to Cho Shun, his family members and other Poon Yu natives with the most prominent being Shun's son, Cho Duk-sang. Cho Duk-sang (Cao Desheng) at the start of his training wasn't instructed in the family's style, but was said to have taken to the new art a lot faster than the other members of the family before combining it with his family's style and eventually passed the art to other family members, namely his son Cho Dak-on (though for some reason, Website/TheOtherWiki states they aren't related at all) and other villagers. Cho Dak-on, who would be better known as Cao Dean, would eventually master the combined art as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of his martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with the locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, he would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others and then their own students, though a few of Dean's peers and family members also moved to the Malay peninsula to spread the art with students of their own. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques. The most obvious difference from other lineages is that rather than practicing the three forms: Siu Nim Tao, Cham Kiu, and Biu Jee separately, it uses one long form made of 108 moves which comprises of the three parts called "Siu Lim Tao". The other major difference is that they don't practice common Lok Sau (rolling hands) method of Chi Sao, instead they use Huen Sau (circling hands), which looks a little more like Taiji Push Hands. Due to its association with the Red Boat Opera Company, which is why this lineage is usually known as "Ban Chung" or "Opera Style".

* '''Y. Wu/Nanyang Lineage''': Presently, it is mainly headed by Y. Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia.

* The Pan Nam lineage states that it was a yet unnamed martial art that conceived by an anti-Qing organisation called Tiandihui (also known as "The Heaven and Earth Society" or "Hongmen"), with it being combination of various Shaolin martial arts, such as Taijiquan, Ying Jow Pai, Tong Long Quan, gum gang jeung, Chin Na and other martial arts. A Siu Lam nun known as Yat Chum Um-jee would establish a convent in Hengshan, where she taught the nameless style to select students. Of these students was a man nicknamed "Tan Sao-ng" who handled costumes of Hunanese Kwan Si Opera company. Subsequently, he fled Hunan to Foshan, joined the Red Boat Opera Company and taught the art to its members. In this lineage, the "Wing" in Wing Chun comes from Chan Wing-wah, one of the founders of Tiandihui, and made up the Ng Mui legend as a fictional cover for either Chan Wing-wah himself or a person nicknamed "White Crane Taoist", who was a revolutionary from the 1670′s.

* '''Guangzhou/Yuen Kay-shan/Sum Nung Lineage''': Sum Nung was born in Peru in 1926 to a wealthy family. He was of a Chinese father and a Peruvian mother. When he was about 5-7 years of age, he traveled to China with the father to visit his grandmother. During his visit, Japan attacked China to start the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese bombarded their house and his father died. In the aftermath, he was then left alone with his grandmother and with the termination of communication between the outside as well as within and across China due to the war, Sum lost contact with his mother and lived poorly as many did during the war and suffered bullying due to being half-Chinese. When he was about 12 years of age, he was entrusted to work as an apprentice in the Tin Hoi Restaurant in Foshan to support himself and his grandmother, where he met and began learning Wing Chun from Cheung Bo, who was a chef at the restaurant. In 1941, Cheung Bo introduced Sum to Yuen Kay-shan, and after either losing a challenge involving an egg or just losing a fight, Sum became Yuen's only disciple. Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to Luk Dim Boon Gwun. Sum developed a great reputation for the quality of his Wing Chun and in 1943 began teaching in Foshan at the Deep Village Temple. In the late 1940s he moved to the city of Guangzhou where he taught Wing Chun to members of several local Workers Unions. In 1947, he taught Wing Chun at Guangzhou Machinery Union. The next year, he opened a herbal clinic on Daisun Street and ran a martial art school. Due to Master Sum's power in application, Sum gained the nickname Tiet Bei Nung (Tie Bi Neng, Iron Arm Nung). Sum originally named this lineage after Yuen Kay-shan, but students of Sum later named it after Sum himself to refer to the combined lineages of both his teachers. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of butterfly swords and the six and a half point pole. It originally had throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu") in the system as Yuen Kay Shan was said to be so good with them that he could kill a bird in a tree, but Sum Num candidly has stated he could never figure out how to use them like Yuen Kay Shan and took it out of his curriculum.

* '''Nanyang/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Cao Dean Lineage''': Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on was a student of Cho Duk-sang (no relation) after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, to which Dean named his style of Wing Chun as "Ban Chung" or "Opera Style". Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y. Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* '''Pan Nam Lineage''': Pan Nam/Peng Nan initially studied several Southern Shaolin kung fu styles like Hung Gar from 1934 to 1947 until he met Jiu Chow (Zhaoju) - top student of Chan Yiu-men (Chen Rumian), son of Chan Wah-shun (Chen Huashun). When Jiu Chow had to relocate to Zhongshan, Pan followed him to continue training. In 1949 Pan Nam moved back to Foshan and started teaching at the "Union of cake industry workers of Foshan". In either 1956 or 1957, Pan Nam attended Guangdong Provincial martial arts competition, where he was introduced to Lai Hip-chai (Li Yechi), a classmate of Ng Chun-so, Yip Man and Chan Yiu-men, who was the second to last student accepted by Chan Wah-shun (Ip Man being the last) and trained under Lai until Lai's death in 1970. In his later years, Nam did a lot of sorting work on Wing Chun's "small" thoughts, bridge search, indexing and eight-cut knives, and did a lot of work for the establishment of Foshan Wing Chun Research Association. Nam did a lot of excavation and sorting work in order to organize Foshan Wing Chun and published a book on it to spread and develop Wing Chun. In 1986 he established the Foshan Jingwu Sports Association, which aimed to unify various schools of Wing Chun. He continued teaching Wing Chun in Foshan until his death in December 1995. Grandmaster Eddie Chong was Nam's final student, and he brought Nam's system to the United States in the early 1990s, where Chong is based in Sacramento, California. Chong has been vital in helping preserve the Pan Nam style of Wing Chun, which Chong has taught for many decades. Pan Nam's style integrated elements of Hong Quan, and became known as "Wing Chun Hand, Hong Quan Jin". It emphasizes more realistic, chaotic, and less refined aspects of Wing Chun and features self-defense techniques based on ripping, tearing and use of fingers. Additionally it has a set named "Five Petal Plum Flower" a five part exercise set for tendon strength and also incorporates a partner practice known as Waist Pressing, a Chi Sao Sticky Hands/Push Hands-like exercise where the partners try to off balance one another. It is also the associated with the Pan Nam Wing Chun Tournament, with the first one organized in 2018 in Foshan.

* The most well known one comes from UsefulNotes/IpMan and even the grandmaster himself may have a hand in promoting and propagating his version of the myth to make his style more known to the public. According to Ip Man, the origin of Wing Chun started with a female Shaolin monk named Ng Mui (circa AD 1703). After defeating her own Sifu in front of Emperor Kangxi, said Sifu turned traitor and slandered the temple where Ng Mui resided. As a result, the temple was demolished by the Manchu forces for 'harboring revolutionaries'. However, Ng Mui survived and escaped. During her whole studying period, Ng Mui developed her own style of kung-fu after witnessing a fight between a crane and a snake. But she never came up with the name of said kung-fu. Escaping to her own temple in the Dailang Mountains, Ng Mui resumed her life as a solitary monk. She often bought tofu from the locals, but in particular, her favorite tofu was from the Yim family. The family's daughter was a bright girl named Yim Wing Chun, who was in some sort of distress. A group of bandits and bullies were harassing her and trying to force her into a marriage. Understanding her plight, Ng Mui decided to teach her new kung-fu style to Yim Wing Chun so she could defend herself from unwanted advances. Yim Wing Chun mastered the style well, and the kung fu worked well without making her develop more bulk and physical strength. With said kung fu, Yim Wing Chun retained her beauty and grace and kicked the asses of the bandits and bullies so they could never harass her family again. Eventually, Yim Wing Chun married her childhood sweetheart, Leung Bok-chao (who was either a performer for the Red Boat Opera Company or a scholar and herbalist depending on who tells it), and then taught him the kung-fu she learned from Ng Mui. The style also worked well for men. And it was at that time that they came up with the name for Ng Mui's kung-fu: Wing Chun, named after Yim Wing Chun herself. After she passed away, Leung Bok-chao continued to pass down the style through generations until it reached Ip Man, and the rest is history. The Gu Lao Village/Slant-Body/Fung Family/Forty Points lineage also believes this.

* Some practitioners have stated that the art descends directly from Yongchun Bai He Quan (also known as Fujian White Crane Boxing or Yongchun White Crane Boxing) and that the art's name comes from the Cantonese spelling and pronunciation of Yongchun, a county in the Fujian province. Even Ip Chun would add onto his father's version of the myth by saying that Ng Mui was an expert in the art, even though Ip Man never mentioned that, he just specified that Ng Mui would have taken refuge in the "Temple of the White Crane" in the Dailang Mountains. The Guangzhou/Sum Num lineage tells a version where Yim Yee, the father of Yim Wing Chun, taught her and Leung Bok-chao instead, as he was an expert in the art thanks to he training under Miu Shin, a lay-monk who trained under Ng Mui and mixed the White Crane teachings he learned under her with an unknown system that is usually referred to as either a form of internal Snake Boxing or an art called "Sup Yee Jong" which he is said to have learned from the temple in the Emei Mountains. Some accounts even specify that Ng Mui and Fang Qi Niang, the alleged founder of Yongchun Bai He Quan, are in fact the same person, claiming that when she was old, Fang Qi Niang would have taken the name Ng Mui when she became a nun and then took refuge in Guangdong and either further developed her art or taught it to Miu Shin, either way it eventually turned into the art that was taught to Yim Wing Chun and Leung Bok-chao.

* Another legend tells that Ng Mui came to Shaolin from the Taoist temples in Hubei's Wudang Mountains, bringing with her knowledge of the internal styles and was even a contemporary of Bak Mei/Pai Mei (yes that [[Film/KillBill Pai Mei]]).

* Several lineages state that it originated solely from the Red Boat Opera Company, a group of traveling Cantonese opera singers who toured China in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Grandmaster Yuen Kay San claimed that the "true founders of Wing Chun remain lost in time" while originating within Red Boat.

* The Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Weng Chun lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the temple's destruction.

* The Pan Nam lineage states that it was a yet unnamed martial art that conceived by an anti-Qing organisation called Tiandihui (also known as "The Heaven and Earth Society" or "Hongmen"), with it being combination of various Shaolin martial arts, such as Taijiquan, Ying Jow Pai, Tong Long Quan, gum gang jeung, Chin Na and other martial arts. A Siu Lam nun known as Yat Chum Um-jee would establish a convent in Hengshan, where she taught the nameless style to select students. Of these students was a man nicknamed "Tan Sao-ng" who handled costumes of Hunanese Kwan Si Opera company. Subsequently, he fled Hunan to Foshan, joined the Red Boat Opera Company and taught the art to its members. In this lineage, the "Wing" in Wing Chun comes from Chan Wing-wah, one of the founders of Tiandihui.

* The Nanyang/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Cao Dean lineage tries to combine several origins of the art into a singular narrative, by saying it was conceived within Red Boat based on the knowledge passed by Ng Mui and Jee Shim. The Sae Hok lineage also believes this.

* MultipleChoicePast: Aside from Ng Mui due to the multiple different origin stories above, Cheung Ng, also known as Tan Sao Ng, comes a close second when he is mentioned in several origin stories of the art. The only constants are that he ended up with the Red Boat Opera Company and taught his martial knowledge to a group he founded called the King Fa Wui Goon (Precious Jade Flower Union).

* MultipleChoicePast: Cheung Ng, also known as Tan Sao Ng, suffers from this the most when he is mentioned in several origin stories of the art. The only constants are that he ended up with the Red Boat Opera Company and taught his martial knowledge to a group he founded called the King Fa Wui Goon (Precious Jade Flower Union).

** The Foshan Pengnan/Pan Nam lineage says he was a former Mo Sang (martial lead actor), known as Tan Sao Ng (Dispersing Arm Ng), who worked as the master of props for the Hunanese Kwan Si Opera company. He learned the martial arts from a 22nd generation Shaolin nun known as Yat Chum Um Jee on Mt. Heng in Hunan province. He was said to have moved to Foshan much later, sometime around the turn of the 19th century, and joined the Red Boat Opera Company, where he taught his knowledge of Kam Gan Jeung (Buddhist Palm), Tong Long Kuen (Mantis Boxing), Tai Gik Kuen (Taijiquan, Great Extremes Boxing), Ying Jow Pai (Eagle Claw System) and other methods which later became known as Wing Chun.

* '''Weng Chun/Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Lineage''': This lineage is actually a combination of three lineages, with all three of them claiming their lineages originated from the teachings of Jee Shim (Chi Sim, Chi Seen, Chi Sin Sim Si, Ji Sin Sim Si, Zhi Shan, Zhì Shàn Chán Shī), which are listed below. It came about when Chu Chung-man moved to Hong Kong in 1953, he met Tang Yik and Wai Yan, fellow Weng Chun grandmasters of their own lineages. Wai Yan was the managing director of a poultry wholesaler in Kowloon and temporarily converted the department store into a training hall in which the grandmasters met for a long time to exchange ideas, naming it the Dai Duk Lan/Dai Tak Lan (which is also known as the Weng Chun Research Academy). The art in its present form is being preserved by many, mainly by Andreas Hoffman at present, the only Western (German) student of Wai Yan. It contains techniques that greatly deviate from contemporary Wing Chun, with the differences being pronounced enough that this lineage is usually considered its own martial art and spelt as Weng Chun, with some saying it bears more similarity to Hung Gar than Wing Chun.

* '''Yiu Choi/Yiu Kai Lineage'''

* '''Fut Sao/Buddha Hands Lineage''': This lineage is said to have come from a very old system of martial and healing arts called Gu Yee Kuen ("Ancient Chivarous Fist") which was thought to be the core or root system, on which other arts also came about and was an inner gate system that was initially taught only to inner circle, high level priests. It is believed to pre-date Shaolin as a subset of an original Taoist internal system, that was kept within it's own sect, but was lost and forgotten, until it was "rediscovered" by the Venerable Hsu Yun (also known as "Gao Ghi Fut Sao", which translates into "Nine Finger Buddha Hand"), a Buddhist monk. Hsu passed down the art to only a few disciples, with the most well known one being Grandmaster Henry (Chi Man) Leung, who spent 10 years, from age 9 -19 under his tutelage. Henry Leung was born in a small village in Canton, but had constant health problems due to being born two months premature. Henry's father was a good friend of Hsu Yun and brought Henry to him in order to strengthen his health and spirit, who eventually became his successor. Leung took the art the U.S in 1961, where he first taught in the basement of his restaurant in New York. Henry Leung renamed the system Fut Sao or Buddha Hand Wing Chun in honor of his sifu. It contains aggressive, sticking, and springing power, as well as softer, more internal components, usually associated with systems such as Tai Chi, Hsing I or Ba Gua. The Gu Yee Kuen system, was originally comprised of a single long and complex form, but due to its complexity and difficulty, the form was simplified into 4 sections, to make it easier to learn. It contains empty-hand forms that are said to be similar to other Wing Chun lineages, while the ideas and concepts behind them are totally different. Its Siu Lien Tao form, looks 60-70% similar to other Wing Chun first forms, while the Chum Kiu and Biu Jee forms are completely different than other Wing Chun systems. It emphasizes Chi Sao a lot more than other lineages, and includes its own Nei and Hei Gung set, with the purpose of the set to enhance chi circulation, as well as to develop light skills. It also has a unique one called Siu Bot Gua/Siu Baat Gua (eight direction footwork), which utilizes body evasion, stealth movements, and circular hand & foot techniques and does not exist in other lineages. Some branches contain unique two-person training exercises believed come from the possible integration of Southern Praying Mantis 2 man-sets, while others do not practice or have two man forms or sets. The Wooden Dummy, Butterfly Swords and Pole forms, look similar, but once again the applications are completely different. In addition to the swords and pole forms it also teaches how to use "vagabond weapons" consisting of fans, flutes, double daggers, dai chui (meteor hammer), rope darts, chi sau rings (iron rings), chop sticks, Chinese throwing coins, and snake entanglement rope.

* The Weng Chun/Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the temple's destruction.

* '''Guangzhou/Sum Nung Lineage''': Sum Nung was born in Peru in 1926 to a wealthy family. He was of a Chinese father and a Peruvian mother. When he was about 5-7 years of age, he traveled to China with the father to visit his grandmother. During his visit, Japan attacked China to start the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese bombarded their house and his father died. In the aftermath, he was then left alone with his grandmother and with the termination of communication between the outside as well as within and across China due to the war, Sum lost contact with his mother and lived poorly as many did during the war and suffered bullying due to being half-Chinese. When he was about 12 years of age, he was entrusted to work as an apprentice in the Tin Hoi Restaurant in Foshan to support himself and his grandmother, where he met and began learning Wing Chun from Cheung Bo, who was a chef at the restaurant. In 1941, Cheung Bo introduced Sum to Yuen Kay-shan, and after either losing a challenge involving an egg or just losing a fight, Sum became Yuen's only disciple. Sum developed a great reputation for the quality of his Wing Chun and in 1943 began teaching in Foshan at the Deep Village Temple. In the late 1940s he moved to the city of Guangzhou where he taught Wing Chun to members of several local Workers Unions. In 1947, he taught Wing Chun at Guangzhou Machinery Union. The next year, he opened a herbal clinic on Daisun Street and ran a martial art school. Due to Master Sum's power in application, Sum gained the nickname Tiet Bei Nung (Tie Bi Neng, Iron Arm Nung). Sum originally named this lineage after Yuen Kay-shan, but students of Sum later named it after Sum himself to refer to the combined lineages of both his teachers. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of butterfly swords and the six and a half point pole. It originally had throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu") in the system as Yuen Kay Shan was said to be so good with them that he could kill a bird in a tree, but Sum Num candidly has stated he could never figure out how to use them like Yuen Kay Shan and took it out of his curriculum.

* '''Yuen Kay-shan Lineage''': Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to Luk Dim Boon Gwun. This lineage is one of two lineages that was passed to Sum Nung, Yuen Kay-shan's only official disciple, and currently lives on through Sum Nung's students.

* '''Guangzhou/Sum Nung Lineage''': Sum Nung was born in Peru in 1926 to a wealthy family. He was of a Chinese father and a Peruvian mother. When he was about 5-7 years of age, he traveled to China with the father to visit his grandmother. During his visit, Japan attacked China to start the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese bombarded their house and his father died. In the aftermath, he was then left alone with his grandmother and with the termination of communication between the outside as well as within and across China due to the war, Sum lost contact with his mother and lived poorly as many did during the war and suffered bullying due to being half-Chinese. When he was about 12 years of age, he was entrusted to work as an apprentice in the Tin Hoi Restaurant in Foshan to support himself and his grandmother, where he met and began learning Wing Chun from Cheung Bo, who was a chef at the restaurant. In 1941, Cheung Bo introduced Sum to Yuen Kay-shan, and after either losing a challenge involving an egg or just losing a fight, Sum became Yuen's only disciple. Sum developed a great reputation for the quality of his Wing Chun and in 1943 began teaching in Foshan at the Deep Village Temple. In the late 1940s he moved to the city of Guangzhou where he taught Wing Chun to members of several local Workers Unions. In 1947, he taught Wing Chun at Guangzhou Machinery Union. The next year, he opened a herbal clinic on Daisun Street and ran a martial art school. Due to Master Sum's power in application, Sum gained the nickname Tiet Bei Nung (Tie Bi Neng, Iron Arm Nung). Sum originally named this lineage after Yuen Kay-shan, but students of Sum later named it after Sum himself to refer to the combined lineages of both his teachers. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of knives, the six and a half point pole, and throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu").

* '''Pan Nam Lineage''': Pan Nam/Peng Nan initially studied several Southern Shaolin kung fu styles like Hung Gar from 1934 to 1947 until he met Jiu Chow (Zhaoju) - top student of Chan Yiu-men (Chen Rumian), son of Chan Wah-shun (Chen Huashun). When Jiu Chow had to relocate to Zhongshan, Pan followed him to continue training. In 1949 Pan Nam moved back to Foshan and started teaching at the "Union of cake industry workers of Foshan". In either 1956 or 1957, Pan Nam attended Guangdong Provincial martial arts competition, where he was introduced to Lai Hip-chai (Li Yechi), a classmate of Ng Chun-so, Yip Man and Chan Yiu-men, who was the second to last student accepted by Chan Wah-shun (Ip Man being the last) and trained under Lai until Lai's death in 1970. In his later years, Nam did a lot of sorting work on Wing Chun's "small" thoughts, bridge search, indexing and eight-cut knives, and did a lot of work for the establishment of Foshan Wing Chun Research Association. Nam did a lot of excavation and sorting work in order to organize Foshan Wing Chun and published a book on it to spread and develop Wing Chun. In 1986 he established the Foshan Jingwu Sports Association, which aimed to unify various schools of Wing Chun. He continued teaching Wing Chun in Foshan until his death in December 1995. Grandmaster Eddie Chong was Nam's final student, and he brought Nam's system to the United States in the early 1990s, where Chong is based in Sacramento, California. Chong has been vital in helping preserve the Pan Nam style of Wing Chun, which Chong has taught for many decades. Pan Nam's style integrated elements of Hong Quan, and became known as "Wing Chun Hand, Hong Quan Jin". It emphasizes more realistic, chaotic, and less refined aspects of Wing Chun and features self-defense techniques based on ripping, tearing and use of fingers. Additionally it has a set named "Five Petal Plum Flower" a five part exercise set for tendon strength and also incorporates a partner practice known as Waist Pressing, a Chi Sao Sticky Hands/Push Hands-like exercise where the partners try to off balance one another. It is also the associated with the Pan Nam Wing Chun Tournament, with the first one organized in 2018.

* '''Weng Chun/Jee Shim/Dai Duk Lan Lineage''': This style is made up of 3 lineages that claim to have originated from the teachings of Jee Shim (Chi Sim, Chi Seen, Chi Sin Sim Si, Ji Sin Sim Si, Zhi Shan, Zhì Shàn Chán Shī), which are listed below. It came about when Chu Chung-man moved to Hong Kong in 1953, he met Tang Yik and Wai Yan, fellow Weng Chun grandmasters of their own lineages. Wai Yan was the managing director of a poultry wholesaler in Kowloon and temporarily converted the department store into a training hall in which the grandmasters met for a long time to exchange ideas, naming it the Dai Tak Lan (which is also known as the Weng Chun Research Academy). The art in its present form is being preserved by many, mainly by Andreas Hoffman at present, the only Western (German) student of Wai Yan. It contains techniques that greatly deviate from contemporary Wing Chun, with the differences being pronounced enough that this lineage is usually considered its own martial art and spelt as Weng Chun, with some saying it bears more similarity to Hung Gar than Wing Chun.

* '''Foshan Ip Man Lineage''': This is the lineage that comes from of Ip Man's students from when he was still in Foshan. Out of the students from his Foshan period of teaching, only Lun Gai and Gwok Fu are still alive passing on the system. It is said that the Wing Chun that Ip taught in Foshan, is very similar to other mainland lineages of Wing Chun and that his students from Hong Kong taught a modified and modernized version of Wing Chun, by streamlining and minimizing the system.

* '''Yuen Kay-shan Lineage''': Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to luk dim boon gwun. This lineage is one of two lineages that was passed to Sum Nung, Yuen Kay-shan's only official disciple, and currently lives on through Sum Nung's students.

* '''Gu Yee Kuen/Ancient Chivalrous Fist/Fut Sao/Buddha Hands Lineage'''

* '''Ga Pan/Filipino Lineage''': A very obscure lineage, Ga Pan was said to be a student of Leung Bik, who later ended up living in the Philippines and is said to have only taught the art to his family members. Today it lives on in two students; May Mau, an outsider and ethnic Chinese but Filipino by birth woman who learned it under Ga Zhi Rho Lin and Crissy Wong, the great-granddaughter of Ga Pan.

* Creator/NicolasCage: Demonstrated a respectable level of wing chun in ''Film/BangkokDangerous''.

* '''Nanyang/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Cao Dean Lineage''': Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on was a student of Cho Duk-sang after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, to which Dean named his style of Wing Chun as "Ban Chung" or "Opera Style". Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y. Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* '''Peng Nan/Pan Nam Lineage''': Peng Nan/Pan Nam initially studied several Southern Shaolin kung fu styles like Hung Gar from 1934 to 1947 until he met Jiu Chow (Zhaoju) - top student of Chan Yiu-men (Chen Rumian), son of Chan Wah-shun (Chen Huashun). When Jiu Chow had to relocate to Zhongshan, Pan followed him to continue training. In 1949 Pan Nam moved back to Foshan and started teaching at the "Union of cake industry workers of Foshan". In either 1956 or 1957, Pan Nam attended Guangdong Provincial martial arts competition, where he was introduced to Lai Hip-chai (Li Yechi), a classmate of Ng Chun-so, Yip Man and Chan Yiu-men, who was the second to last student accepted by Chan Wah-shun (Ip Man being the last) and trained under Lai until Lai's death in 1970. In his later years, Nam did a lot of sorting work on Wing Chun's "small" thoughts, bridge search, indexing and eight-cut knives, and did a lot of work for the establishment of Foshan Wing Chun Research Association. Nam did a lot of excavation and sorting work in order to organize Foshan Wing Chun and published a book on it to spread and develop Wing Chun. In 1986 he established the Foshan Jingwu Sports Association, which aimed to unify various schools of Wing Chun. He continued teaching Wing Chun in Foshan until his death in December 1995. Grandmaster Eddie Chong was Nam's final student, and he brought Nam's system to the United States in the early 1990s, where Chong is based in Sacramento, California. Chong has been vital in helping preserve the Pan Nam style of Wing Chun, which Chong has taught for many decades. Pan Nam's style integrated elements of Hong Quan, and became known as "Wing Chun Hand, Hong Quan Jin". It emphasizes more realistic, chaotic, and less refined aspects of Wing Chun and features self-defense techniques based on ripping, tearing and use of fingers. Additionally it has a set named "Five Petal Plum Flower" a five part exercise set for tendon strength and also incorporates a partner practice known as Waist Pressing, a Chi Sao Sticky Hands/Push Hands-like exercise where the partners try to off balance one another. It is also the associated with the Pan Nam Wing Chun Tournament, with the first one organized in 2018.

* The Peng Nan/Pan Nam lineage states that it was a yet unnamed martial art that conceived by an anti-Qing organisation called Tiandihui (also known as "The Heaven and Earth Society" or "Hongmen"), with it being combination of various Shaolin martial arts, such as Taijiquan, Ying Jow Pai, Tong Long Quan, gum gang jeung, Chin Na and other martial arts. A Siu Lam nun known as Yat Chum Um-jee would establish a convent in Hengshan, where she taught the nameless style to select students. Of these students was a man nicknamed "Tan Sao-ng" who handled costumes of Hunanese Kwan Si Opera company. Subsequently, he fled Hunan to Foshan, joined the Red Boat Opera Company and taught the art to its members. In this lineage, the "Wing" in Wing Chun comes from Chan Wing-wah, one of the founders of Tiandihui.

* '''Nanyang/Cho Gar/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Opera Style/Cao Dean Lineage''': Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on was a student of Cho Duk-sang after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company. Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y. Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* Some practitioners have stated that the art descends directly from Yongchun Bai He Quan (also known as Fujian White Crane Boxing or Yongchun White Crane Boxing) and that the art's name comes from Cantonese spelling and pronunciation of Yongchun, a county in the Fujian province. Even Ip Chun would add onto his father's version of the myth by saying that Ng Mui was an expert in the art, even though Ip Man never mentioned that, he just specified that Ng Mui would have taken refuge in the "Temple of the White Crane" in the Dailang Mountains. The Guangzhou/Sum Num lineage tells a version where Yim Yee, the father of Yim Wing Chun, taught her instead and Leung Bok-chao as he also an expert in the art as he trained under Miu Shin, a lay-monk who trained under Ng Mui and mixed the White Crane training he did under her with an unknown system that is usually referred to as either a form of internal Snake Boxing or an art called "Sup Yee Jong" which he is said to have learned from the temple in the Emei Mountains. Some accounts even specify that Ng Mui and Fang Qi Niang, the founder of the Yongchun Bai He Quan, are in fact the same person, claiming that when she was old, Fang Qi Niang would have taken the name Ng Mui when she became a nun and then took refuge in Guangdong and eventually further developed her art into the one she taught to Yim Wing Chun.

* The Nanyang/Cho Gar/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Opera Style/Cao Dean Lineage lineage tries to combine several origins of the art into a singular narrative, by saying it was conceived within Red Boat based on the knowledge passed by Ng Mui and Jee Shim. The Sae Hok lineage also believes this.

* '''Guangzhou/Yuen Kay San/Sum Nung Lineage''': Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to luk dim boon gwun. Currently the lineage is centered at Guangzhou and spearheaded by the students of Grandmaster Sum Nung, Yuen Kay-shan's only official disciple. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of knives, the six and a half point pole, and throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu").

* '''Nanyang/Cho Gar/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Opera Style/Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on Lineage''': Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on was a student of Cho Duk-sang after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company. Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by Suen Yin Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y. Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* '''Cheung Bo Lineage'''

* '''Sum Num Lineage'''

* '''Ga Pan/Filipino Lineage'''

* '''Mai Tiao Rong Lineage''': A very obscure lineage whose known head Mai Tiao Rong came to Arizona in the early 1900's. A very private man, no body is quite sure of his lineage. He taught only 3 people over the years, his son whose name is not known, Peter Maxwell and Troy Mactavish, the latter being the only master left to carry on the lineage.

* Some practitioners have stated that the art descends directly from Yongchun Bai He Quan (also known as Fujian White Crane Boxing or Yongchun White Crane Boxing) and that the art's name comes from Cantonese spelling and pronunciation of Yongchun, a county in the Fujian province. Even Ip Chun would add onto his father's version of the myth by saying that Ng Mui was an expert in the art, even though Ip Man never mentioned that, he just specified that Ng Mui would have taken refuge in the "Temple of the White Crane" in the Dailang Mountains. The Sum Num lineage tells a version where Yim Yee, the father of Yim Wing Chun, taught her instead as he also an expert in the art as he trained under Miu Shin, a lay-monk who trained under Ng Mui and mixed the White Crane training he did under her with an unknown system that is usually referred to as either a form of internal Snake Boxing or an art called "Sup Yee Jong" which he is said to have learned from the temple in the Emei Mountains. Some accounts even specify that Ng Mui and Fang Qi Niang, the founder of the Yongchun Bai He Quan, are in fact the same person, claiming that when she was old, Fang Qi Niang would have taken the name Ng Mui when she became a nun and then took refuge in Guangdong and eventually further developed her art into the one she taught to Yim Wing Chun.

* Several lineages state that it originated solely from the Red Boat Opera Company, a group of traveling Cantonese opera singers who toured China in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The Guangzhou/Yuen Kay San/Sum Nung lineage claims the "true founders of Wing Chun remain lost in time" while originating within Red Boat.

* The Weng Chun/Jee Shim/Chu Chun-man Lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the temple's destruction.

* The Nanyang/Cho Gar/Cho Family/Ban Chung/Opera Style/Cao Dean/Cho Dak-on Lineage lineage tries to combine several origins of the art into a singular narrative, by saying it was conceived within Red Boat based on the knowledge passed by Ng Mui and Jee Shim. The Sae Hok lineage also believes this.

* '''Leung Ting Lineage'''

* '''Ip Ching Lineage'''

* '''Ip Chun Lineage'''

* '''Gregory Choi Lineage'''

* '''So Duk Sun Lineage'''

* '''Tam Lai Lineage'''

* '''Leung Sheung Lineage'''

* '''Victor Kan/Wah Chit Lineage'''

* '''Moy Yat Lineage'''

* '''Yip Bo Ching Lineage'''

* '''Wong Long Ching Lineage'''

* '''Siu Yuk Men Lineage'''

* '''Lee Shing Lineage'''

* '''Chu Shong Tin Lineage'''

* '''Ng Chung Sow Lineage'''

* '''George Cheung Lineage'''

* '''Wong Shun Leung Lineage'''

Wing Chun, also [[UsefulNotes/WhyMaoChangedHisName romanised as]] Ving Tsun or Wing Tsun (Traditional Chinese: 詠春, Simplified Chinese 咏春; [[UsefulNotes/WhyMaoChangedHisName pinyin]]: Yǒng Chūn), is a UsefulNotes/{{Chin|a}}ese martial art and style of kung fu that utilizes both striking and trapping while specializing in close-range combat. It has the distinction of being of the rare martial art styles, if not the only martial art style that was invented by a woman (allegedly).

* '''Guangzhou/Yuen Kay San/Sum Nung Lineage''': Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to luk dim boon gwun. Currently the lineage is centered at Guangzhou and spearheaded by Grandmaster Sum Nung. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of knives, the six and a half point pole, and throwing darts (referred to as "Fei Biu").

* '''Foshan Ip Man Lineage'''

* '''Lee Shing Lineage'''

* '''Jiu Wan Lineage'''

* Some practitioners have stated that the art descends directly from Yongchun Bai He Quan (also known as Fujian White Crane Boxing or Yongchun White Crane Boxing) and that the art's name comes from Cantonese spelling of Yongchun, a county in the Fujian province. Even Ip Chun would add onto his father's version of the myth by saying that Ng Mui was an expert in the art, even though Ip Man never mentioned that, he just specified that Ng Mui would have taken refuge in the "Temple of the White Crane" in the Dailang Mountains. Some people tell a version where Yim Yee, the father of Yim Wing Chun, taught her instead as he also an expert in the art as he trained under Miu Shin, a lay-monk who trained under Ng Mui and mixed her White Crane training with an unknown system that is usually referred to as either a form of internal Snake Boxing or an art called "Sup Yee Jong" which he learned from the temple in the Emei Mountains. Some accounts even specify that Ng Mui and Fang Qi Niang, the founder of the Yongchun Bai He Quan, are in fact the same person, claiming that when she was old, Fang Qi Niang would have taken the name Ng Mui when she became a nun and then took refuge in Guangdong and eventually further developed her art into the one she taught to Yim Wing Chun.

* '''Nanyang/Cao Dean/Cho On/Malaysian Lineage''': Cao Dean/Cho On was a student of Cho Duk-sang after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company. Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by S.Y Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y.Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* '''Weng Chun/Jee Shim/Chu Chun-man Lineage''': The most well-documented and historically important modern grandmaster of this lineage is identified as Chu Chung-man. He was born in Foshan at the beginning of the 20th century and studied with teachers of various Kung Fu styles for many years and worked as a practicing doctor in Macau during the World War Two, and from 1953 as a doctor in a hospital in Hong Kong. He is considered a fifth generation student of the lineage after the alleged founder Jee Shim (Chi Sim, Chi Seen, Chi Sin Sim Si, Ji Sin Sim Si, Zhi Shan, Zhì Shàn Chán Shī) and was said to have trained under Dong Jik, know as "Dong the Florest" who was said to be a student of Fung Siu-ching. Dong Jik would teach Chu Chung-man the art and he in turn helped spread the art and pass it down to his own family members. When Chu Chung-man moved to Hong Kong in 1953, he met fellow Weng Chun grandmasters Tang Yik and Wai Yan. Wai Yan was the managing director of a poultry wholesaler in Kowloon and temporarily converted the department store into a training hall in which the grandmasters met for a long time to exchange ideas, naming it the Dai Tak Lan (which is also known as the Weng Chun Research Academy). The art in its present form is being preserved by many, mainly by Andreas Hoffman at present, the only Western (German) student of Wai Yan. It contains techniques that greatly deviate from contemporary Wing Chun, with the differences being pronounced enough that this lineage is usually considered its own martial art and spelt as Weng Chun, with some saying it bears more similarity to Hung Gar than Wing Chun.

* '''Gu Yee Kuen/Fut Sao/Buddha Hands Lineage'''

* '''Lo Family Lineage'''

* The Nanyang/Cao Dean/Cho On/Malaysian lineage tries to combine several origins of the art into a singular narrative, by saying it was conceived within Red Boat based on the knowledge passed by Ng Mui and Jee Shim. The Sae Hok lineage also believes this.

* '''Guangzhou/Yuen Kay San Lineage''': Yuen Kay-shan lived from 1889 to 1956 and was stated to be undefeated in 1000 "death duels" in Foshan during the 1920-1950s. The fifth of five brothers and the son of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo Jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan). He learned the art under Wong Wah-bo and Sun "Dai Fa Min" ("Painted Face") Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company, an imperial constable named Fok Bo-chuen, and a body guard and bounty hunter named Fung Siu-ching. He was an educated man who had worked as a part-time lawyer and was one of the first Wing Chun masters to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system, additionally being a major contributor to luk dim boon gwun. Currently the lineage is centered at Guangzhou and spearheaded by Grandmaster Sum Nung. It is said to feature an emphasis on use of knives, the six and a half point pole, and throwing darts.

* '''Weng Chun/Jee Shim Lineage''': The most well-documented and historically important modern grandmaster of this lineage is identified as Chu Chung-man. He was born in Foshan at the beginning of the 20th century and studied with teachers of various Kung Fu styles for many years and worked as a practicing doctor in Macau during the World War Two, and from 1953 as a doctor in a hospital in Hong Kong. He is considered a fifth generation student of the lineage after the alleged founder Jee Shim (Chi Sim, Chi Seen, Chi Sin Sim Si, Ji Sin Sim Si, Zhi Shan, Zhì Shàn Chán Shī) and was said to have trained under Dong Jik, know as "Dong the Florest" who was said to be a student of Fung Siu-ching. Dong Jik would teach Chu Chung-man the art and he in turn helped spread the art and pass it down to his own family members. When Chu Chung-man moved to Hong Kong in 1953, he met fellow Weng Chun grandmasters Tang Yik and Wai Yan. Wai Yan was the managing director of a poultry wholesaler in Kowloon and temporarily converted the department store into a training hall in which the grandmasters met for a long time to exchange ideas, naming it the Dai Tak Lan (which is also known as the Weng Chun Research Academy). The art in its present form is being preserved by many, mainly by Andreas Hoffman at present, the only Western (German) student of Wai Yan. It contains techniques that greatly deviate from contemporary Wing Chun, with the differences being pronounced enough that this lineage is usually considered its own martial art and spelt as Weng Chun, with some saying it bears more similarity to Hung Gar than Wing Chun.

* '''Sum Nung Lineage'''

* ''Wudang Weng Chun Lineage'''

* Some practitioners have stated that the art descends directly from Yongchun Bai He Quan (also known as Fujian White Crane Boxing or Yongchun White Crane Boxing) and that the art's name comes from Cantonese spelling of Yongchun, a county in the Fujian province. Even Ip Chun would add onto his father's version of the myth by saying that Ng Mui was an expert in the art, even though Ip Man never mentioned that, he just specified that Ng Mui would have taken refuge in the "Temple of the White Crane" in the Dailang Mountains. Some people even add on that Yim Yee, the father of Yim Wing Chun, was also an expert in the art. Some accounts even specify that Ng Mui and Fang Qi Niang, the founder of the Yongchun Bai He Quan, are in fact the same person, claiming that when she was old, Fang Qi Niang would have taken the name Ng Mui when she became a nun and then took refuge in Guangdong and eventually further developed her art into the one she taught to Yim Wing Chun.

* Several lineages state that it originated solely from the Red Boat Opera Company, a group of traveling Cantonese opera singers who toured China in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The Yuen Kay San lineage claims the "true founders of Wing Chun remain lost in time" while originating within Red Boat.

* The Weng Chun/Jee Shim Lineage states that it descends from Jee Shim, an abbot of the Shaolin Temple, a survivor of its destruction by the Qing Dynasty and one of Five Elders of Shaolin. Here, Jee Shim escaped with other Siu Lam Temple monks and would eventually settle as a cook aboard Red Boat Opera Company and taught his art to the performers of the company, specifically Wong Wah-bo and Sun Kam. While in Foshan looking for new costumes, Sun Kam would get into an altercation with Fung Siu-ching, who was then an apprentice of a local tailor. After defeating Fung, the latter would become Sun Kam's apprentice and learn the art. Subsequently, Fung Siu-ching would become a bounty hunter and would teach the art he learned under Kam to various students. The Fujian lineage also says it comes from Jee Shim, but their version of the story says that it was spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun, students of Jee Shim before the temple's destruction.

* The Nanyang/Cao Dean lineage tries to combine several origins of the art into a singular narrative, by saying it was conceived within Red Boat based on the knowledge passed by Ng Mui and Jee Shim. The Sae Hok lineage also believes this.

* '''Nanyang/Cao Dean Lineage''': Cao Dean was a student of Cho Duk-sang after getting beaten in an altercation. Cho Duk-sang came from a family known for Hung Ga Kuen and would be the first to venture outside the family martial art as his trained under Sun Kam from the Red Boat Opera Company. Under Cho, Dean would eventually master Wing Chun as a young adult and initially taught Wing Chun at Hong Kong, but unemployment forced him to move to Malaysia, where he would become a chef specializing in Cantonese cuisine. As word of Cao Dean's martial arts prowess started to perpetuate, with locals wanting to learn his art. He initially began teaching smaller groups, but as willing students grew in numbers, Cao Dean would establish a dedicated Wing Chun school, the first in Malay peninsula. Cao Dean died in 1980s, being over 90 years old. Cao Dean's lineage was succeeded by S.Y Liu and others. Presently, it is mainly headed by Y.Wu in Singapore and Sydney, Australia. It contains many forms, concepts and techniques ranging from striking, joint-locks, throws and weapon techniques.

* '''Peng Nan/Pan Nam Lineage''': Pan Nam initially studied several Southern Shaolin kung fu styles like Hung Gar from 1934 to 1947 until he met Jiu Chow (Zhaoju) - top student of Chan Yiu-men (Chen Rumian), son of Chan Wah-shun (Chen Huashun). When Jiu Chow had to relocate to Zhongshan, Pan followed him to continue training. In 1949 Pan Nam moved back to Foshan and started teaching at the "Union of cake industry workers of Foshan". In either 1956 or 1957, Pan Nam attended Guangdong Provincial martial arts competition, where he was introduced to Lai Hip-chai (Li Yechi), a classmate of Ng Chun-so, Yip Man and Chan Yiu-men, who was the second to last student accepted by Chan Wah-shun (Ip Man being the last) and trained under Lai until Lai's death in 1970. In his later years, Nam did a lot of sorting work on Wing Chun's "small" thoughts, bridge search, indexing and eight-cut knives, and did a lot of work for the establishment of Foshan Wing Chun Research Association. Nam did a lot of excavation and sorting work in order to organize Foshan Wing Chun and published a book on it to spread and develop Wing Chun. In 1986 he established the Foshan Jingwu Sports Association, which aimed to unify various schools of Wing Chun. He continued teaching Wing Chun in Foshan until his death in December 1995. Grandmaster Eddie Chong was Nam's final student, and he brought Nam's system to the United States in the early 1990s, where Chong is based in Sacramento, California. Chong has been vital in helping preserve the Pan Nam style of Wing Chun, which Chong has taught for many decades. Pan Nam's style integrated elements of Hong Quan, and became known as "Wing Chun Hand, Hong Quan Jin". It emphasizes more realistic, chaotic, and less refined aspects of Wing Chun and features self-defense techniques based on ripping, tearing and use of fingers. Additionally it has a set named "Five Petal Plum Flower" a five part exercise set for tendon strength and also incorporates a partner practice known as Waist Pressing, a Chi Sao Sticky Hands/Push Hands-like exercise where the partners try to off balance one another. It is also the associated with the Pan Nam Wing Chun Tournament, with the first one organized in 2018.