History UsefulNotes / Marxism

* Frankfurt School: Easily ''the'' most controversial and misunderstood school of Marxism. The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory made up of Western Marxist dissidents.[[note]][[superscript:Prominent members of the Frankfurt School were Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and, later, Jürgen Habermas; associated with it, but more on the fringe, were figures such as the literary critic Walter Benjamin and the philosopher Ernst Bloch.]][[/note]] With the success of Marxism-Leninism in Russia and Maoism in China, underdeveloped agrarian societies seemed to be successful with Marxist advancement, while the exploitative industrialized powers that Marx had in mind with his writings continued with capitalism. Capitalist superstructure had once again adapted, rather than be overturned. These dissidents (who were inspired by thinkers as diverse as Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel, and of course, Karl Marx) wished to synthesize the ideas of these disparate thinkers by way of critical theory, which opted for a more idiosyncratic examination of society via critiquing the underpinnings and uncovering the assumptions made by society itself. It picks apart the BreadAndCircuses sold by those in power to be bought by the masses, as this false truth is viewed uncritically which creates complacency. This complacency in turn ruins any chance for true revolution. The Frankfurt School is often associated by people on the far-right (especially in America) with {{Postmodernism}}, or rather with a particularly easygoing, cheerfully nihilistic form of Postmodernism, due to a shared heavy use of {{Deconstruction}} but with radically different motives and goals.

* Frankfurt School: Easily ''the'' most controversial and misunderstood school of Marxism. The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory made up of Western Marxist dissidents.[[note]][[superscript:Prominent members of the Frankfurt School were Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and, later, Jürgen Habermas; associated with it, but more on the fringe, were figures such as the literary critic Walter Benjamin and the philosopher Ernst Bloch.]][[/note]] With the success of Marxism-Leninism in Russia and Maoism in China, underdeveloped agrarian societies seemed to be successful with Marxist advancement, while the exploitative industrialized powers that Marx had in mind with his writings continued with capitalism. Capitalist superstructure had once gain adapted, rather than be overturned. These dissidents (who were inspired by thinkers as diverse as Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel, and of course, Karl Marx) wished to synthesize the ideas of these disparate thinkers by way of critical theory, which opted for a more idiosyncratic examination of society via critiquing the underpinnings and uncovering the assumptions made by society itself. It picks apart the BreadAndCircuses sold by those in power to be bought by the masses, as this false truth is viewed uncritically which creates complacency. This complacency in turn ruins any chance for true revolution. The Frankfurt School is often associated by people on the far-right (especially in America) with {{Postmodernism}}, or rather with a particularly easygoing, cheerfully nihilistic form of Postmodernism, due to a shared heavy use of {{Deconstruction}} but with radically different motives and goals.

* Frankfurt School: Easily ''the'' most controversial and misunderstood school of Marxism. The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory made up of Western Marxist dissidents, who were inspired by thinkers as diverse as Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel, and of course, Karl Marx. They wished to synthesize the ideas of these disparate thinkers by way of critical theory, which opted for a more idiosyncratic examination of society via critiquing the underpinnings and uncovering the assumptions made by society itself. It picks apart the BreadAndCircuses sold by those in power to be bought by the masses, as this false truth is viewed uncritically which creates complacency. This complacency in turn ruins any chance for true revolution. Prominent members of the Frankfurt School were Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and, later, Jürgen Habermas; associated with it, but more on the fringe, were figures such as the literary critic Walter Benjamin and the philosopher Ernst Bloch. For reasons that are hard to discern, the Frankfurt School is often associated by people on the far-right (especially in America) with {{Postmodernism}}, or rather with a particularly easygoing, cheerfully nihilistic form of Postmodernism; let's just say that this would have surprised and irritated the Frankfurt School itself, who were generally opposed to that kind of thing.

* Frankfurt School: Easily ''the'' most controversial and misunderstood schools of Marxism. The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory made up of Western Marxist dissidents, they were inspired by thinkers as diverse as Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel, and of course, Karl Marx. They wished to synthesize the ideas of these disparate thinkers by way of critical theory, which opted for a more idiosyncratic examination of society via critiquing the underpinnings and uncovering the assumptions made by society itself. It picks apart the BreadAndCircuses sold by those in power to be bought by the masses, as this false truth is viewed uncritically which creates complacency. This complacency in turn ruins any chance for true revolution.

* Classical Marxism: The grand-daddy of them all. Marxism as Karl Marx and Frederich Engels conceptualized it. According to it, the '''economic base'''[[note]] ''how people produce the goods they need to survive'' [[/note]] controls human society while the '''superstructure'''[[note]] ''culture, religion, government, etc.'' [[/note]] justifies the current arrangement. As technology revolutionizes the economy and workers' lives, the superstructure is discarded when it outlives its usefulness and replaced with one suited to the new base. Due to its rapid technological growth and ruthless exploitation of workers, capitalism will make itself obsolete when the working masses seize the factories and run them for the good of humanity. Classical Marxism is also called Orthodox Marxism when contrasted with Marxism-Leninism.

* Marxism-Leninism: Named after UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin, but coined by UsefulNotes/JosephStalin later on. Lenin disagreed with Marx that socialism needed advanced industrialization and advocated the socialists seizing power in agrarian Russia. A revolutionary vanguard holding a "Dictatorship of the proletariat" would industrialize the nation by themselves. Said Vanguard would themselves govern and vote on issues, while people not in the party would not have Democracy. Due to the Soviet Union's political and economic power, most 20th century Communist nations adopted it for themselves. Concepts that derive from this are Stalinism and Maoism.
* Libertarian Marxism: A type of [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} Libertarian Socialism]]. Not at all to be confused with Right-Libertarianism. Emerged in opposition to Marxist-Leninism. Libertarian Marxism emphasises the anti-state elements of Marx's ideas and generally rejects the importance of the revolutionary party.
* Trotskyism: Named after UsefulNotes/LeonTrotsky. Strongly opposes Stalinism and sees itself as the true inheritor of Lenin's ideas instead of Marxism-Leninism. Supports Trotsky's ideas such as his theory of permanent revolution, which argued that the proletariat could come to power in a backward country first, and his analysis of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers' state where the isolation of the revolution had lead worker's democracy to be eliminated and usurped by a bureaucratic caste.
* Situationist International: An international organization and movement started during the late 1950s, which derived it's central philosophical and socio-politcal tenets from anti-authoritarian Marxism and other leftist movements such as UsefulNotes/{{Dada}} and {{Surrealism}}. Concepts associated with this movements include {{Detournement}} and the spectacle, which is essentially a unified critique of advanced capitalism.
* Frankfurt School: Easily ''the'' most controversial and misunderstood schools of Marxism. The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory which pioneered critical theory. Made up of Western Marxist dissidents, They were inspired by thinkers as diverse as Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel, and of course, Karl Marx. They wished to synthesize the ideas of these disparate thinkers by way of critical theory, which opted for a more idiosyncratic examination of society via critiquing the underpinnings and uncovering the assumptions made by society itself.

* Classical Marxism: The grand-daddy of them all. Marxism as Karl Marx and Frederich Engels conceptualized it. According to it, the economic ''base''[[note]] ''the way that people produce the goods they need to survive'' [[/note]] controls human society while the ''superstructure''[[note]] ''culture, religion, government, etc.'' [[/note]] justifies the current arrangement. As technology revolutionizes the economy, the superstructure is cast aside once it outlives its usefulness. Capitalism, due its its unchecked technological growth and ruthless exploitation of workers, will make itself obsolete when the working masses seize the factories and run them for the good of society. Classical Marxism is sometimes also called Orthodox Marxism when contrasted with Marxism-Leninism.

* Classical Marxism: Marxism as Karl Marx and Frederich Engels originally envisioned it. Most of the time, the word Marxism refers to this type.

* Marxism-Leninism: Named after UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin, but the term was coined by UsefulNotes/JosephStalin, later on. Marxism-Leninism is the concept that a revolutionary vanguard should hold a "Dictatorship of the proletariat". Said Vanguard would themselves govern and vote on issues, while people not in the party would not have Democracy. Most already existing Communist nations follow this model. Concepts that derive from this are Stalinism and Maoism.

Marxism is the pursuit of a moneyless, classless, and [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} stateless society]].

* Trotskyism: Named after UsefulNotes/LeonTrotsky. Strongly opposes Stalinism and sees itself as the true inheritor of Lenin's ideas instead of Marxism-Leninism. Supports Trotsky's ideas such as his theory of permanent revolution, which argued that the proletariat could come to power in a backward country first, and his analysis of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers state where the isolation of the revolution had lead worker's democracy to be eliminated and usurped by a bureaucratic caste.

Marxism was invented by (surprise) Creator/KarlMarx and Frederich Engels in the book ''The Communist Manifesto''.

Marxism is the pursuit of a moneyless, Classless, and [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} Stateless society]].

* Libertarian Marxism: A type of [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} Libertarian Socialism]]. Also known as ''Left Communism'', Not at all to be confused with Right-Libertarianism. Emerged in opposition to Marxist-Leninism. Libertarian Marxism is the main school of Libertarian Socialism that believes in a Stateless, Moneyless, Classless society.

* Trotskyism: Named after UsefulNotes/LeonTrotsky. Sees itself as the true inheritor of Lenin's ideas instead of Marxism-Leninism and strongly opposed to Stalinism. Supports Trotsky's ideas such as his theory of permanent revolution, which argued that the proletariat could come to power in a backward country first, and his analysis of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers state where the isolation of the revolution had lead worker's democracy to be eliminated and usurped by a bureaucratic caste.

Marxism, also referred to as Left Communism is the pursuit of a moneyless, Classless, and in some cases, [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} Stateless society]].

* Marxist-Leninism: Named after UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin, but the term was coined by UsefulNotes/JosephStalin, later on. Marxist-Leninism is the concept that a revolutionary vanguard should hold a "Dictatorship of the proletariat". Said Vanguard would themselves govern and vote on issues, while people not in the party would not have Democracy. Most already existing Communist nations follow this model. Concepts that derive from this are Stalinism and Maoism.

''Marxism'', also referred to as ''Left Communism'' is the pursuit of a moneyless, Classless, and in some cases, [[UsefulNotes/{{Anarchism}} Stateless society]].

* Marxist-Leninism: Named after VladimirLenin, but the term was coined by JosephStalin, later on. Marxist-Leninism is the concept that a revolutionary vanguard should hold a "Dictatorship of the proletariat". Said Vanguard would themselves govern and vote on issues, while people not in the party would not have Democracy. Most already existing Communist nations follow this model. Concepts that derive from this are Stalinism and Maoism,

Marxism was invented by (surprise) UsefulNotes/KarlMarx and Frederich Engels in the book ''The Communist Manifesto''.