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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Taoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[GratuitousLatin Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by their given names both in menu and dialogue. The fans follow accordingly, though the more attentive and nerdy Western fans tend to use the style names.
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by their given names both in menu and dialogue. The fans follow accordingly, though the more attentive and nerdy Western fans tend to use the style names.
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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Taoism}} Laozi]], Laozi]] (real name Li Er), most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, UsefulNotes/ChiangKaiShek (real name Chiang Kai-Shek, Choutai/[[UsefulNotes/WhyMaoChangedHisName Jiang Zhoutai]]) and Sun Yat-Sen Yat-sen (real name Sun Deming) for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[GratuitousLatin Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
** The premodern Chinese naming system was quite complex compared to the West; a person might have as many as [[IHaveManyNames eight names]], which were used in different occasions. Take Sun Yat-sen for example. His actual courtesy name is "Zaizhi"; Yat-sen/Yixian is a name he took while studying in Hong Kong. His name in the family register, which in Chinese culture amounts to his "real" name, is Tak-ming/Deming, but this was only used among family. He was born, however, as Tai-tseung/Dixiang, and this was used until he got older, when he received a "big name": Wen. Confusingly, "Sun Wen" is what the Chinese of his time called him, ''not'' Zaizhi, which is virtually unknown. Oh, since he was a Christian, he also had a baptismal name: Yut-sun/Rixin, which means "renew oneself daily").
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by theirgiven real names both in menu and dialogue. The fans follow accordingly, though the more attentive and nerdy Western fans tend to use the style names.
** The premodern Chinese naming system was quite complex compared to the West; a person might have as many as [[IHaveManyNames eight names]], which were used in different occasions. Take Sun Yat-sen for example. His actual courtesy name is "Zaizhi"; Yat-sen/Yixian is a name he took while studying in Hong Kong. His name in the family register, which in Chinese culture amounts to his "real" name, is Tak-ming/Deming, but this was only used among family. He was born, however, as Tai-tseung/Dixiang, and this was used until he got older, when he received a "big name": Wen. Confusingly, "Sun Wen" is what the Chinese of his time called him, ''not'' Zaizhi, which is virtually unknown. Oh, since he was a Christian, he also had a baptismal name: Yut-sun/Rixin, which means "renew oneself daily").
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by their
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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[GratuitousLatin Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} [[UsefulNotes/{{Taoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[GratuitousLatin Latinised]] to 'Confucius.''
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by their given names both in menu and dialogue. The fans follow accordingly, though the more attentive and nerdy Western fans tend to use the style names.
** Some Western translations of Chinese historical fiction opt to do a {{Bowdlerise}} and use the figures' real names, likely to avoid culture clash and massive confusion. In the Japanese dub for ''VideoGame/DynastyWarriors'', for example, all male characters in the game are called by their style names in dialogue (Zhuge Liang is "Kongming", Cao Cao is "Mengde", etc.), with their real names reserved only in the in-game menu and certain occasions. In the English dub, however, they are referred to by their given names both in menu and dialogue. The fans follow accordingly, though the more attentive and nerdy Western fans tend to use the style names.
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** While most UsefulNotes/MixedMartialArts fighters have a nickname in addition to their actual name, many are billed with their nickname in place of part of their actual name. This is particularly common with Brazilian fighters.
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** While most UsefulNotes/MixedMartialArts fighters have a nickname in addition to their actual name, many are billed with their nickname in place of part (or all) of their actual name. This is particularly common with Brazilian fighters.
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* An unusual case happened in 1920s China. Philologist-turned-language reformer [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qian_Xuantong Qian Xuantong]] noticed schoolmates started calling his third son Bingqiong "Sanqiang", he persuaded the latter to change his name to Sanqiang instead, probably because Bingqiong is overly classical in form[[note]]The character for "qiong", 穹, literally means "dome," but by early modernity it becomes an obscure character whose only use is in the set phrase "cangqiong" ("[[HeavenlyBlue blue]] dome"), a poetic allegory to the heavens.[[/note]] and no long sits well with his own beliefs. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qian_Sanqiang Qian Sanqiang]] eventually becomes "the father of [[UsefulNotes/TheDragonsTeeth China's atomic bombs]]."
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More sports examples...
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* Many athletes can get nicknames because of their features and performance.
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* Many athletes and coaches/managers can get nicknames nicknames, often (but not always) because of their features and performance.
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** [[UsefulNotes/OJSimpson Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
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** [[UsefulNotes/OJSimpson [[Creator/OJSimpson Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
** Hall of Fame baseball manager George "Sparky" Anderson.
** Another prominent baseball figure as both a player and manager (though not a Hall of Famer), Alfred Manuel Martin Jr., became known as Billy Martin.[[note]]In his case, the nickname came from his Italian immigrant grandmother, who would constantly call him ''bello'' ("beautiful") as a baby. He didn't know his birth name until a teacher used it in school.[[/note]]
** Another prominent baseball figure as both a player and manager (though not a Hall of Famer), Alfred Manuel Martin Jr., became known as Billy Martin.[[note]]In his case, the nickname came from his Italian immigrant grandmother, who would constantly call him ''bello'' ("beautiful") as a baby. He didn't know his birth name until a teacher used it in school.[[/note]]
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*** Mirko Cro Cop instead of Mirko Filipovic. He was an actual Croatian anti-terrorism officer.
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*** Mirko Cro Cop instead of Mirko Filipovic.Filipović. He was an actual Croatian anti-terrorism officer.
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*** Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira, "Minotauro" (''minotaur''). His twin brother Antonio Rogerio is "Minotouro".
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*** Antonio Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, "Minotauro" (''minotaur''). His twin brother Antonio Rogerio Antônio Rogério is "Minotouro".
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** The "Connie Mack" name has been used by men in (at least) three further generations of the family, all legally named Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=] (though with middle names). Connie Jr. achieved no great fame, but Connie III and Connie IV both became US Congressmen from Florida (III in both the House and Senate, and IV in the House).
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** The "Connie Mack" name has been used by men in (at least) three further generations of the family, all legally named Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=] (though with middle names). Connie Jr. achieved no great fame, but Connie III and Connie IV both became US Congressmen from Florida (III in both the House and Senate, and IV in the House). Connie IV was also married for a time to Mary Bono, widow of Music/SonnyBono.
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Added an entry.
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** Stanley Williams, also known as "Tookie" Williams, cofounder of the Crips.
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Not nicknames, just variations on names.
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** "Scarface" Al Capone (Alphonse Gabriel Capone)
** Meyer Lansky (Meier Suchowlański)
** "Legs" Diamond (Jack Diamond)
** Meyer Lansky (Meier Suchowlański)
** "Legs" Diamond (Jack Diamond)
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** "Scarface" Al Capone (Alphonse Gabriel Capone)
** Meyer Lansky (Meier Suchowlański)
** "Legs"Legs Diamond (Jack Diamond)
** Meyer Lansky (Meier Suchowlański)
** "Legs"
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** "Legs" Diamond (Jack Diamond)
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** Meyer Lansky (Meier Suchowlański)
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* Famous 20th century American gangsters
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* Famous 20th century American gangstersgangsters who are only known by their nicknames.
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* Famous 20th century American gangsters
** Lucky Luciano (Charles Luciano)
** Dutch Schultz (Arthur Simon Flegenheimer)
** Bugsy Siegel (Benjamin Siegel)
** "Scarface" Al Capone (Alphonse Gabriel Capone)
** Lucky Luciano (Charles Luciano)
** Dutch Schultz (Arthur Simon Flegenheimer)
** Bugsy Siegel (Benjamin Siegel)
** "Scarface" Al Capone (Alphonse Gabriel Capone)
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* UsefulNotes/MurasakiShikibu is just her pen name; her real name might've been Takako Fujiwara, be we don't know for sure.
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* UsefulNotes/MurasakiShikibu Creator/MurasakiShikibu is just her pen name; her real name might've been Takako Fujiwara, be we don't know for sure.
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* UsefulNotes/MurasakiShikibu is just her pen name; her real name might've been Takako Fujiwara, be we don't know for sure.
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Karch Kiraly
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* Charles Frederick Kiraly, born in America to Hungarian immigrants, is the only person to have won Olympic gold medals (or indeed medals of any color) in both indoor and beach volleyball. No one, however, calls him by either of his given names... everyone, including The Other Wiki, refers to him as ''Karch'' Kiraly.
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* Creator/CateBlanchett was born Catherine Élise Blanchett, but has always been known and professionally credited solely as "Cate".
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Orson Welles doesn't belong here, but rather in Middle Name Basis.
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* George Creator/OrsonWelles. Even ''he'' didn't know his first name was "George" until he was in elementary school.
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Hiram King Williams. Better known as Hank Williams.
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* Similarly, no one refers to country music icon Hiram King Williams by anything other than the name he used in the business: Music/HankWilliams.
** His son and grandson, [[Music/HankWilliamsJr Hank Jr.]] and [[Music/HankWilliamsIII Hank III]], are actually cases of MiddleNameBasis; they're respectively Randall Hank and Shelton Hank Williams.
** His son and grandson, [[Music/HankWilliamsJr Hank Jr.]] and [[Music/HankWilliamsIII Hank III]], are actually cases of MiddleNameBasis; they're respectively Randall Hank and Shelton Hank Williams.
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Muffet Mc Graw
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*** Renan Barão instead of Renan do Nascimento Mota Pegado. "Barão" means "Baron."
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the ''ComicBook/XMen.''
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the ''ComicBook/XMen.''
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*** Renan Barão instead of Renan do Nascimento Mota Pegado. "Barão" means "Baron."
"Baron".
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the''ComicBook/XMen.''''ComicBook/XMen''.
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the
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** Many well-known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Donovan "Razor" Ruddock are commonly referred to by their nickname.
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** Many well-known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Smith, Donovan "Razor" Ruddock Ruddock, and Saúl "Canelo" Álvarez are commonly referred to by their nickname.nicknames.
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* Yet another sporting example: Say you're an American women's basketball fan. Does the name Ann [=McGraw=] ring a bell for you? Probably not... even though she's one of the most successful college coaches, with two NCAA titles and numerous Final Four appearances. However, you've almost certainly heard of ''Muffet'' [=McGraw=]. And now you know.
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** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Born Henry Patrick McCarty, he took the name William Bonney after the death of his mother. He was nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
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** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Born Henry Patrick McCarty, [=McCarty=], he took the name William Bonney after the death of his mother. He was nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
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* Creator/BuffaloBill: William F. Cody lives on in the public consciousness as ''Buffalo Bill'', a name derived from his talent for shooting bisons and buffaloes and exploited during his WildWest shows.
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* Creator/BuffaloBill: William F. Cody lives on in the public consciousness as ''Buffalo Bill'', a name derived from his talent for shooting bisons and buffaloes bison (also known as "buffalo") and exploited during his WildWest shows.
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** George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Jr.
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** [[Creator/BabeRuth George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Ruth Jr.]]
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** Lawrence Jones, Hall of Fame baseball player, is more familiarly known as "Chipper."
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** Lawrence Jones, Hall of Fame baseball player, is more familiarly known as "Chipper.""Chipper".
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* If not referred to as just "Grandma" or "Grandpa", many grandchildren have nicknames they only refer to their grandparents as, if not other relatives.
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Connie Mack
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* Many athletes can get nicknames because their feature and performance.
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* Many athletes can get nicknames because of their feature features and performance.
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** Many well known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Donovan "Razor" Ruddock are commonly referred to by their nickname.
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** Many well known well-known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Donovan "Razor" Ruddock are commonly referred to by their nickname.nickname.
* Another sporting example, though for a very different reason, was that of Connie Mack, who had the longest managing career in Major League Baseball history, aided by the fact that he owned the Philadelphia (now Oakland) Athletics, the team he managed for 50 seasons. He was actually known by a nickname for essentially his entire life—his legal name, which he never changed, was ''Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=]'' (with no middle name). "Connie" was a standard nickname for Cornelius, and "Mack" was often used by Irish immigrant families whose names started with "Mc".
** The "Connie Mack" name has been used by men in (at least) three further generations of the family, all legally named Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=] (though with middle names). Connie Jr. achieved no great fame, but Connie III and Connie IV both became US Congressmen from Florida (III in both the House and Senate, and IV in the House).
* Another sporting example, though for a very different reason, was that of Connie Mack, who had the longest managing career in Major League Baseball history, aided by the fact that he owned the Philadelphia (now Oakland) Athletics, the team he managed for 50 seasons. He was actually known by a nickname for essentially his entire life—his legal name, which he never changed, was ''Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=]'' (with no middle name). "Connie" was a standard nickname for Cornelius, and "Mack" was often used by Irish immigrant families whose names started with "Mc".
** The "Connie Mack" name has been used by men in (at least) three further generations of the family, all legally named Cornelius [=McGillicuddy=] (though with middle names). Connie Jr. achieved no great fame, but Connie III and Connie IV both became US Congressmen from Florida (III in both the House and Senate, and IV in the House).
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Renamed trope
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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[AltumVidetur Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
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* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[AltumVidetur [[GratuitousLatin Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
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** [[Film/OJMadeInAmerica Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
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** [[Film/OJMadeInAmerica [[UsefulNotes/OJSimpson Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
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** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Actually named William H. Bonney, but nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
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** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Actually named Born Henry Patrick McCarty, he took the name William H. Bonney, but Bonney after the death of his mother. He was nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
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*** This actually is relatively common when you're speaking another language and your name is going to be mangled or the local tradition is that you take a nickname in that language--it's just less annoying, if nothing else. This is part of why, in Japan, people usually won't know who you're talking about when you mention LafcadioHearn--but will recognize who you're talking about if you call him Koizumi Yakumo.
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**** This actually is relatively common when you're speaking another language and your name is going to be mangled or the local tradition is that you take a nickname in that language--it's just less annoying, if nothing else. This is part of why, in Japan, people usually won't know who you're talking about when you mention LafcadioHearn--but will recognize who you're talking about if you call him Koizumi Yakumo.
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*** There's a long history of such things happening with the American-born children of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries; if their parents don't give them an "American-sounding" name to begin with, they often take an English nickname that helps them fit in better. It's less common in the 21st century, as there's a greater acceptance of non-English names being just as authentically "American" as traditional English ones, but it still happens a lot.
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* Some Christian saints are known by their "nicknames", for instance the apostles (Simon called) Peter, Andrew and Thomas (Greek words meaning "the Rock", "the Manly" and "the Twin"), and St. Francis of Asisi (real name: Giovanni Battista Bernardone, his nickname Francesco means "Frenchy").
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* Some Christian saints are known by their "nicknames", for instance the apostles (Simon called) Peter, Andrew and Thomas (Greek words meaning "the Rock", "the Manly" and "the Twin"), and St. Francis of Asisi (real name: Giovanni Battista Bernardone, his nickname Francesco means "Frenchy"). The fame of these nicknames led to them becoming common given names for future generations.
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* Similarly, all statements from the IRA are signed by P. O'Neill, which may be a NomDeGuerre of some leader, or might be just a name used to conceal any internal changes of leadership from the outside world.
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People who are OnlyKnownByTheirNickname in real life.
----
* There are a lot of royals from the Antiquity until the 18th century who share similar first names like Henry, Charles, Edward, Philippe, Maria, Mary, Gustav, George, John. To keep them apart ancient historians came up with self-invented nicknames for these people that usually describe their characters (UsefulNotes/RamsesII the Great, UsefulNotes/CyrusTheGreat, UsefulNotes/AlexanderTheGreat, UsefulNotes/PompeyTheGreat, Philippe the Good, Charles the Bold, John the Fearless, Louis the Pious, Akbar the Great, UsefulNotes/RichardTheLionHeart, Suleiman the Magnificent, William the Conqueror, Ivan the Terrible, UsefulNotes/PeterTheGreat, UsefulNotes/CatherineTheGreat, UsefulNotes/RobertTheBruce, UsefulNotes/FrederickTheGreat, UsefulNotes/VladTheImpaler,...), mental state (Johanna the Mad), race or ethnicity (Philippe the Arab, UsefulNotes/ShakaZulu, Louis the German,...) or a notable physical appearance (Pippin the Short, Charles the Bald, Charles the Fat, Frederick Barbarossa (''Red Beard'')) or age (UsefulNotes/WilliamPittTheElder, UsefulNotes/WilliamPittTheYounger, Louis the Child,...). These names were definitely '''not''' used during the royals own lifetime. In many cases the epithet ''the good'' or ''the bad'' is now contested by modern historians, because they were often applied to judgments and standards of people in later centuries. For instance, UsefulNotes/MaryTudor, nicknamed ''Bloody Mary,'' may have executed a lot of people during her reign, but [[UsefulNotes/ElizabethI Elizabeth I]], who was often called ''Good Queen Bess,'' didn't shy away from executing people either.
* UsefulNotes/{{Caligula}}: His real name was Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, but to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives he's known by his childhood nickname of ''little (soldier's) boot.''
* [[UsefulNotes/AttilaTheHun Attila (the Hun)]] is known by the name ("little father") that the Goths gave him. His real name is lost to history.
* Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar is better remembered as ''El Cid'' ("The Lord")
* Arthur Wellesley is much better known as UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfWellington.
* Creator/CharlieChaplin: His official name is Charles Spencer Chaplin, but everyone -- even serious encyclopaedia -- refer to him as "Charlie" Chaplin.
* Creator/ChuckJones: Nobody refers to him as "Charles M. Jones."
* Many outlaws of any kind can known by their nicknames instead of their real name as they gain notorierity.
** Edward Teach was nicknamed ''UsefulNotes/{{Blackbeard}}'' and is still better known under this name.
** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Actually named William H. Bonney, but nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
** UsefulNotes/CalamityJane: Martha Jane Cannary was nicknamed ''Calamity Jane'' because of her tough image.
** Dentist, gambler and gunslinger Dr. John Henry Holliday is primarily remembered by his nickname "Doc".
** UsefulNotes/JackTheRipper was nicknamed that way, because nobody ever knew his identity.
** Serial killer Donald H. Gaskins Jr. was called "Pee Wee" or "Junior Parrott" so often that he was a teenager when he first heard his real name. "Pee Wee" or piss, referring to his shot stature which leads him to become bullying victim.
* Creator/BuffaloBill: William F. Cody lives on in the public consciousness as ''Buffalo Bill'', a name derived from his talent for shooting bisons and buffaloes and exploited during his WildWest shows.
* Many athletes can get nicknames because their feature and performance.
** James "Big Cat" Williams.
** [[Film/OJMadeInAmerica Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
** Rudolph "Minnesota Fats" Wanderone. Billiards player.
** Adam "Pacman" Jones. He tried to tell media to stop using it, but no one listened.
** George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Jr.
** Lawrence "Yogi" Berra.
** Denton True "Cy" Young. "Cy" was short for "Cyclone", because he threw real hard.
** Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. Basketball player.
** Eldrick "Tiger" Woods. Golfer.
** Lawrence Jones, Hall of Fame baseball player, is more familiarly known as "Chipper."
** Early NASCAR star Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts.
** German football player (soccer that is) and contestant for "[[UnnecessaryRoughness most gruesome foul of all time]]" Harald "Toni" Schumacher.
** Several racehorse trainers have been known to fans only by nicknames, including Grover "Buddy" Delp, Claude "Shug" [=McGaughey=] III, and Hubert "Sonny" Hine.
** Too many Brazilian football players to list are known only by their ''noms-de-foot'', to name just three: Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento), Tostão (Eduardo Gonzalves de Andrade), and Zico (Arthur Antunes Coimbra). Many may be self-chosen, though. A few enter FirstNameBasis (''Ronaldo'' Luiz Nazário de Lima and ''Marta'' Vieira da Silva).
*** This isn't restricted to football in Brazil—many people in other sports are known by single names. To name just three examples, volleyball player Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho[[note]]"Filho" is not a family name, but rather the equivalent to "Junior" in English[[/note]] is better known as Giba; women's basketball legend ''Hortência'' de Fátima Marcari entered FirstNameBasis; and men's basketball player Maybyner Rodney Hilário became known as Nenê, and eventually adopted that as his ''full legal name.''
*** Many Spanish football players also become known by just one name, such as Xavi (full name Xavier Hernández i Creus), Guti (José María Gutiérrez Hernández) and Raúl (full name Raúl González Blanco). A few players from other countries also become known by only one name, such as the Ivorian Gervinho (Gervais Yao Kouassi) and the Serbian-born American Preki (Predrag Radosavljević).
** While most UsefulNotes/MixedMartialArts fighters have a nickname in addition to their actual name, many are billed with their nickname in place of part of their actual name. This is particularly common with Brazilian fighters.
*** Mirko Cro Cop instead of Mirko Filipovic. He was an actual Croatian anti-terrorism officer.
*** Renan Barão instead of Renan do Nascimento Mota Pegado. "Barão" means "Baron."
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the ''ComicBook/XMen.''
*** Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira, "Minotauro" (''minotaur''). His twin brother Antonio Rogerio is "Minotouro".
*** Rony Jason instead of Rony Mariano Bezerra. "Jason" refers to the villain of the ''Franchise/FridayThe13th'' franchise.
** Many well known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Donovan "Razor" Ruddock are commonly referred to by their nickname.
* George Creator/OrsonWelles. Even ''he'' didn't know his first name was "George" until he was in elementary school.
* Ali Hassan al-Majid, former holder of multiple defense- and intelligence-related offices under Saddam Hussein in Iraq, was nicknamed ''Chemical Ali'' by Iraqis for his use of chemical weapons against Kurdish rebels, a nickname that was picked up by media throughout the world, especially the U.S.
* Muhammed Saeed al-Sahhaf, Saddam's information (read: propaganda) minister at the time of the Gulf War famous for his ludicrously inaccurate briefings on Iraq's military prospects, was nicknamed ''Baghdad Bob'' in the American press and ''Comical Ali'' in the British press.
* Many astronaut examples include:
** Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom.
** Charles "Pete" Conrad
** Harrison "Jack" Schmitt.
** Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton.
** Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II.
** Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. Later took the name by deed poll.
* An interesting case: In many historical cultures it has been custom to call certain things (most especially animals) by euphemism (the Greeks referring to the Erinyes as Eumenides or "The Kindly Ones" is one such example, TheFairFolk is another) to avoid their attention. A particularly interesting case is the word "bear" (and it's variations in other Germanic languages) that is precisely such a euphemism. Only, we have no idea what the original name was. Bears are ''literally'' only known by their nicknames.
** Swedish has another case: The Swedish word for Wolf is ''Varg'' which originally meant "murderer", and was used as a euphemism for ''ulv'' (which is the same word as "wolf") nowadays ''ulv'' is a dead word while ''Varg'' is the one commonly used to describe the species.
* Early Soviet leaders used this quite often. In several cases, this started before the Soviets came to power, as an attempt to mask their true identities from the then-current authorities.
** Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov - "[[UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin Lenin]]" (probably from the River Lena).
** Iosev Vissarionovich Djugashvili - "UsefulNotes/JosefStalin" (from the Russian word for steel).
** Lev Bronstein - "UsefulNotes/LeonTrotsky" (he supposedly took the last name of one of his jailors).
** Vyacheslav Skriabin - "Molotov" (from the Russian word for hammer).
* Subcomandante Marcos, the leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (a Mexican rebel movement fighting for the rights of the indigenous people) is only known by his NomDeGuerre.
* There are also several German politicians which are regularly referred to by their nickname instead of their first name, like the [[strike:governor]] former first burgomaster of Hamburg ''"Ole" von Beust'' and former Minister of Foreign Affairs ''"Joschka" Fischer''. Former German chancellor ''Willy Brandt'' was born ''Herbert Frahm'', but exclusively used the name of his undercover identity as a resistance fighter when he returned to Germany after UsefulNotes/WorldWarII.
* A couple of Latin American examples: Luiz Inácio da Silva is always known as ''Lula'' -- to the point of adding it to his actual legal name -- and Ernesto Guevara is much more famous as ''UsefulNotes/{{Che|Guevara}}''. And one ''norteamericano'' example: When was the last time you heard someone refer to President [[UsefulNotes/BillClinton ''William'' Clinton]]?
** The best Presidential example is [[UsefulNotes/JimmyCarter James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.]] He was the first President to officially sign documents with his nickname rather than his full name. Back during his days there were even official news agencies and TV channels who refused to name him "Jimmy" Carter, because it sounded so childish.
** Averted, though (at least in his political career) by [[UsefulNotes/BarackObama Barack "Once Called Himself Barry" Obama]].
** Not limited to presidents, either. When a certain young American-born Indian (South Asian, not [[UsefulNotes/NativeAmericans Native American]]) named Piyush was growing up in Baton Rouge, he regularly watched reruns of ''Series/TheBradyBunch'' after school, and strongly identified with the family's youngest son. He grew up to become a U.S. congressman, two-term governor of Louisiana, and Republican presidential hopeful. While his legal first name remains Piyush, everyone calls him Bobby Jindal.
* One of the most famous Spanish guerrilla leaders of the war against Napoleon was Don Juan Martin Diaz, known as ''el Empecinado''. After the war he got royal permission to use his nickname instead of "Diaz".
* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[AltumVidetur Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
* Creator/SpikeMilligan (real first name Terrence).
* Some Christian saints are known by their "nicknames", for instance the apostles (Simon called) Peter, Andrew and Thomas (Greek words meaning "the Rock", "the Manly" and "the Twin"), and St. Francis of Asisi (real name: Giovanni Battista Bernardone, his nickname Francesco means "Frenchy").
* A number of old families have two names, an older one and another they acquired later (which can be a simplified form of the former), these can be linked by the word "called" (''dit'' in French, ''genannt'' in German). Examples are Napoleon's marshal Claude Victor-Perrin ''dit'' Victor and the Prussian liaison in Wellington's HQ during the Waterloo campaign, general Karl von Müffling ''genannt'' Weiss.
* Some Minnesänger and mastersingers are known primarily or only known by their nicknames, most famously Tannhäuser (i. e. "the man from Tannhausen").
* Famous painters: Creator/SandroBotticelli (Alessandro die Mariano Filipepi, named after the goldsmith to whom he had been apprenticed), Canaletto (Antonio da Canal), the other Canaletto (Bernardo Bellotto), El Greco (Dominikos "the Greek" Theotokopoulos), three male artists called Tintoretto ("the little dyer", a nickname of the family, whose original name is Robusti) and a female one from the same family called "la Tintoretta."
* Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi).
* Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls.
* Norman "Boomer" Esiason.
%%* Most of the cast of ''Series/JerseyShore''.
* Creator/JodieFoster. Her birth name is Alicia, but everyone has called her Jodie since she was a child.
* Creator/MontyOum, short from Monyreak. Also his brothers Monyneath "Neath" ([[TheOtherDarrin who replaced him voice acting in]] ''Webanimation/{{RWBY}}''), and Reaksmeychivy "Chivy".
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* There are a lot of royals from the Antiquity until the 18th century who share similar first names like Henry, Charles, Edward, Philippe, Maria, Mary, Gustav, George, John. To keep them apart ancient historians came up with self-invented nicknames for these people that usually describe their characters (UsefulNotes/RamsesII the Great, UsefulNotes/CyrusTheGreat, UsefulNotes/AlexanderTheGreat, UsefulNotes/PompeyTheGreat, Philippe the Good, Charles the Bold, John the Fearless, Louis the Pious, Akbar the Great, UsefulNotes/RichardTheLionHeart, Suleiman the Magnificent, William the Conqueror, Ivan the Terrible, UsefulNotes/PeterTheGreat, UsefulNotes/CatherineTheGreat, UsefulNotes/RobertTheBruce, UsefulNotes/FrederickTheGreat, UsefulNotes/VladTheImpaler,...), mental state (Johanna the Mad), race or ethnicity (Philippe the Arab, UsefulNotes/ShakaZulu, Louis the German,...) or a notable physical appearance (Pippin the Short, Charles the Bald, Charles the Fat, Frederick Barbarossa (''Red Beard'')) or age (UsefulNotes/WilliamPittTheElder, UsefulNotes/WilliamPittTheYounger, Louis the Child,...). These names were definitely '''not''' used during the royals own lifetime. In many cases the epithet ''the good'' or ''the bad'' is now contested by modern historians, because they were often applied to judgments and standards of people in later centuries. For instance, UsefulNotes/MaryTudor, nicknamed ''Bloody Mary,'' may have executed a lot of people during her reign, but [[UsefulNotes/ElizabethI Elizabeth I]], who was often called ''Good Queen Bess,'' didn't shy away from executing people either.
* UsefulNotes/{{Caligula}}: His real name was Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, but to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives he's known by his childhood nickname of ''little (soldier's) boot.''
* [[UsefulNotes/AttilaTheHun Attila (the Hun)]] is known by the name ("little father") that the Goths gave him. His real name is lost to history.
* Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar is better remembered as ''El Cid'' ("The Lord")
* Arthur Wellesley is much better known as UsefulNotes/TheDukeOfWellington.
* Creator/CharlieChaplin: His official name is Charles Spencer Chaplin, but everyone -- even serious encyclopaedia -- refer to him as "Charlie" Chaplin.
* Creator/ChuckJones: Nobody refers to him as "Charles M. Jones."
* Many outlaws of any kind can known by their nicknames instead of their real name as they gain notorierity.
** Edward Teach was nicknamed ''UsefulNotes/{{Blackbeard}}'' and is still better known under this name.
** UsefulNotes/BillyTheKid: Actually named William H. Bonney, but nicknamed ''Billy the Kid'' because he was a teenager when he went around committing his crimes.
** UsefulNotes/CalamityJane: Martha Jane Cannary was nicknamed ''Calamity Jane'' because of her tough image.
** Dentist, gambler and gunslinger Dr. John Henry Holliday is primarily remembered by his nickname "Doc".
** UsefulNotes/JackTheRipper was nicknamed that way, because nobody ever knew his identity.
** Serial killer Donald H. Gaskins Jr. was called "Pee Wee" or "Junior Parrott" so often that he was a teenager when he first heard his real name. "Pee Wee" or piss, referring to his shot stature which leads him to become bullying victim.
* Creator/BuffaloBill: William F. Cody lives on in the public consciousness as ''Buffalo Bill'', a name derived from his talent for shooting bisons and buffaloes and exploited during his WildWest shows.
* Many athletes can get nicknames because their feature and performance.
** James "Big Cat" Williams.
** [[Film/OJMadeInAmerica Orenthal James "OJ" Simpson]].
** Rudolph "Minnesota Fats" Wanderone. Billiards player.
** Adam "Pacman" Jones. He tried to tell media to stop using it, but no one listened.
** George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Jr.
** Lawrence "Yogi" Berra.
** Denton True "Cy" Young. "Cy" was short for "Cyclone", because he threw real hard.
** Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. Basketball player.
** Eldrick "Tiger" Woods. Golfer.
** Lawrence Jones, Hall of Fame baseball player, is more familiarly known as "Chipper."
** Early NASCAR star Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts.
** German football player (soccer that is) and contestant for "[[UnnecessaryRoughness most gruesome foul of all time]]" Harald "Toni" Schumacher.
** Several racehorse trainers have been known to fans only by nicknames, including Grover "Buddy" Delp, Claude "Shug" [=McGaughey=] III, and Hubert "Sonny" Hine.
** Too many Brazilian football players to list are known only by their ''noms-de-foot'', to name just three: Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento), Tostão (Eduardo Gonzalves de Andrade), and Zico (Arthur Antunes Coimbra). Many may be self-chosen, though. A few enter FirstNameBasis (''Ronaldo'' Luiz Nazário de Lima and ''Marta'' Vieira da Silva).
*** This isn't restricted to football in Brazil—many people in other sports are known by single names. To name just three examples, volleyball player Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho[[note]]"Filho" is not a family name, but rather the equivalent to "Junior" in English[[/note]] is better known as Giba; women's basketball legend ''Hortência'' de Fátima Marcari entered FirstNameBasis; and men's basketball player Maybyner Rodney Hilário became known as Nenê, and eventually adopted that as his ''full legal name.''
*** Many Spanish football players also become known by just one name, such as Xavi (full name Xavier Hernández i Creus), Guti (José María Gutiérrez Hernández) and Raúl (full name Raúl González Blanco). A few players from other countries also become known by only one name, such as the Ivorian Gervinho (Gervais Yao Kouassi) and the Serbian-born American Preki (Predrag Radosavljević).
** While most UsefulNotes/MixedMartialArts fighters have a nickname in addition to their actual name, many are billed with their nickname in place of part of their actual name. This is particularly common with Brazilian fighters.
*** Mirko Cro Cop instead of Mirko Filipovic. He was an actual Croatian anti-terrorism officer.
*** Renan Barão instead of Renan do Nascimento Mota Pegado. "Barão" means "Baron."
*** Cezar Mutante instead of Cezar Ferreira. "Mutante" means "mutant" and refers to the ''ComicBook/XMen.''
*** Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira, "Minotauro" (''minotaur''). His twin brother Antonio Rogerio is "Minotouro".
*** Rony Jason instead of Rony Mariano Bezerra. "Jason" refers to the villain of the ''Franchise/FridayThe13th'' franchise.
** Many well known boxers, such as James "Buster" Douglas, Rocco "Rocky" Marciano, James "Bonecrusher" Smith and Donovan "Razor" Ruddock are commonly referred to by their nickname.
* George Creator/OrsonWelles. Even ''he'' didn't know his first name was "George" until he was in elementary school.
* Ali Hassan al-Majid, former holder of multiple defense- and intelligence-related offices under Saddam Hussein in Iraq, was nicknamed ''Chemical Ali'' by Iraqis for his use of chemical weapons against Kurdish rebels, a nickname that was picked up by media throughout the world, especially the U.S.
* Muhammed Saeed al-Sahhaf, Saddam's information (read: propaganda) minister at the time of the Gulf War famous for his ludicrously inaccurate briefings on Iraq's military prospects, was nicknamed ''Baghdad Bob'' in the American press and ''Comical Ali'' in the British press.
* Many astronaut examples include:
** Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom.
** Charles "Pete" Conrad
** Harrison "Jack" Schmitt.
** Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton.
** Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II.
** Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. Later took the name by deed poll.
* An interesting case: In many historical cultures it has been custom to call certain things (most especially animals) by euphemism (the Greeks referring to the Erinyes as Eumenides or "The Kindly Ones" is one such example, TheFairFolk is another) to avoid their attention. A particularly interesting case is the word "bear" (and it's variations in other Germanic languages) that is precisely such a euphemism. Only, we have no idea what the original name was. Bears are ''literally'' only known by their nicknames.
** Swedish has another case: The Swedish word for Wolf is ''Varg'' which originally meant "murderer", and was used as a euphemism for ''ulv'' (which is the same word as "wolf") nowadays ''ulv'' is a dead word while ''Varg'' is the one commonly used to describe the species.
* Early Soviet leaders used this quite often. In several cases, this started before the Soviets came to power, as an attempt to mask their true identities from the then-current authorities.
** Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov - "[[UsefulNotes/VladimirLenin Lenin]]" (probably from the River Lena).
** Iosev Vissarionovich Djugashvili - "UsefulNotes/JosefStalin" (from the Russian word for steel).
** Lev Bronstein - "UsefulNotes/LeonTrotsky" (he supposedly took the last name of one of his jailors).
** Vyacheslav Skriabin - "Molotov" (from the Russian word for hammer).
* Subcomandante Marcos, the leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (a Mexican rebel movement fighting for the rights of the indigenous people) is only known by his NomDeGuerre.
* There are also several German politicians which are regularly referred to by their nickname instead of their first name, like the [[strike:governor]] former first burgomaster of Hamburg ''"Ole" von Beust'' and former Minister of Foreign Affairs ''"Joschka" Fischer''. Former German chancellor ''Willy Brandt'' was born ''Herbert Frahm'', but exclusively used the name of his undercover identity as a resistance fighter when he returned to Germany after UsefulNotes/WorldWarII.
* A couple of Latin American examples: Luiz Inácio da Silva is always known as ''Lula'' -- to the point of adding it to his actual legal name -- and Ernesto Guevara is much more famous as ''UsefulNotes/{{Che|Guevara}}''. And one ''norteamericano'' example: When was the last time you heard someone refer to President [[UsefulNotes/BillClinton ''William'' Clinton]]?
** The best Presidential example is [[UsefulNotes/JimmyCarter James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.]] He was the first President to officially sign documents with his nickname rather than his full name. Back during his days there were even official news agencies and TV channels who refused to name him "Jimmy" Carter, because it sounded so childish.
** Averted, though (at least in his political career) by [[UsefulNotes/BarackObama Barack "Once Called Himself Barry" Obama]].
** Not limited to presidents, either. When a certain young American-born Indian (South Asian, not [[UsefulNotes/NativeAmericans Native American]]) named Piyush was growing up in Baton Rouge, he regularly watched reruns of ''Series/TheBradyBunch'' after school, and strongly identified with the family's youngest son. He grew up to become a U.S. congressman, two-term governor of Louisiana, and Republican presidential hopeful. While his legal first name remains Piyush, everyone calls him Bobby Jindal.
* One of the most famous Spanish guerrilla leaders of the war against Napoleon was Don Juan Martin Diaz, known as ''el Empecinado''. After the war he got royal permission to use his nickname instead of "Diaz".
* In historical China, men (and sometimes women) received courtesy names at age 20. Elders could still use your birth name, but everyone else had to use this courtesy name. This means that many Chinese historical figures are only referred to by their nicknames - [[UsefulNotes/{{Daoism}} Laozi]], most of the characters in Literature/RomanceOfTheThreeKingdoms, Chiang Kai-Shek, and Sun Yat-Sen for example. Confucius is a double-example: his birth-name was Kong Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he is most often called Kong Fuzi ('Great Master Kong'), which Matteo Rici [[AltumVidetur Latinised]] to 'Confucius.'
* Creator/SpikeMilligan (real first name Terrence).
* Some Christian saints are known by their "nicknames", for instance the apostles (Simon called) Peter, Andrew and Thomas (Greek words meaning "the Rock", "the Manly" and "the Twin"), and St. Francis of Asisi (real name: Giovanni Battista Bernardone, his nickname Francesco means "Frenchy").
* A number of old families have two names, an older one and another they acquired later (which can be a simplified form of the former), these can be linked by the word "called" (''dit'' in French, ''genannt'' in German). Examples are Napoleon's marshal Claude Victor-Perrin ''dit'' Victor and the Prussian liaison in Wellington's HQ during the Waterloo campaign, general Karl von Müffling ''genannt'' Weiss.
* Some Minnesänger and mastersingers are known primarily or only known by their nicknames, most famously Tannhäuser (i. e. "the man from Tannhausen").
* Famous painters: Creator/SandroBotticelli (Alessandro die Mariano Filipepi, named after the goldsmith to whom he had been apprenticed), Canaletto (Antonio da Canal), the other Canaletto (Bernardo Bellotto), El Greco (Dominikos "the Greek" Theotokopoulos), three male artists called Tintoretto ("the little dyer", a nickname of the family, whose original name is Robusti) and a female one from the same family called "la Tintoretta."
* Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi).
* Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls.
* Norman "Boomer" Esiason.
%%* Most of the cast of ''Series/JerseyShore''.
* Creator/JodieFoster. Her birth name is Alicia, but everyone has called her Jodie since she was a child.
* Creator/MontyOum, short from Monyreak. Also his brothers Monyneath "Neath" ([[TheOtherDarrin who replaced him voice acting in]] ''Webanimation/{{RWBY}}''), and Reaksmeychivy "Chivy".
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