Chakra in Naruto seems to function like this, with characters becoming physically injured or dying if they are drained of chakra completely.
There are a number of ways to replenish chakra, most commonly rest, food, or drugs (such as "soldier pills"). It is possible to die of chakra exhaustion, much like physical exhaustion, but that's usually the result of expending too much chakra at once or a chakra-draining attack.
The Mangekyo Sharingan is probably a better example, but it doesn't fit entirely. Using it gradually drives the user blind, but this can be cured with an eye transplant from a sibling, after which the problem never arises again. There's also a Sharingan technique that permanently blinds one eye, but this can also be solved with an eye transplant from another Sharingan user (although in this case, using it again still blinds another eye).
Pulled this:
There are a number of ways to replenish chakra, most commonly rest, food, or drugs (such as "soldier pills"). It is possible to die of chakra exhaustion, much like physical exhaustion, but that's usually the result of expending too much chakra at once or a chakra-draining attack.
The Mangekyo Sharingan is probably a better example, but it doesn't fit entirely. Using it gradually drives the user blind, but this can be cured with an eye transplant from a sibling, after which the problem never arises again. There's also a Sharingan technique that permanently blinds one eye, but this can also be solved with an eye transplant from another Sharingan user (although in this case, using it again still blinds another eye).