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1[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/good_grief_8.png]]
2 [[caption-width-right:350:[[ComicStrip/{{Peanuts}} "Good grief!"]]]]
3!!Manga
4* The names of several characters are references to the Japanese fairy tale ''Literature/TheTaleOfTheBambooCutter''.
5* In Chapter 15, the cockroach that shows up makes a "JOHJ" sound in reference to the language of the Hyper-Evolved cockroaches from ''Manga/TerraforMARS''.
6* The same chapter features Shirogane using what he calls the "[[Manga/AssassinationClassroom Karma Akabane]] technique" of biting his tongue til it bleeds. In this case, it's used so he doesn't pass out when he sees an cockroach, rather than the pain not allowing him to be stunned like how Karma used it.
7* Kaguya is holding [[Manga/HimoutoUmaruChan Umaru's hamster hood]] at the beginning of Chapter 17.
8* Fujiwara was playing ''TabletopGame/SettlersOfCatan'' in the beginning of Chapter 29.
9* Fujiwara is playing ''VideoGame/PokemonGo'' in Chapter 30. The narration later in the chapter also references the lyrics of Mezase Pokémon Master.
10-->'''Hayasaka:''' STOP PLAYING POKEMON GO!
11* The {{Fanservice}}-spoofing bonus chapters 64.5 and 84.5 are titled ''Kaguya-sama: Love is War [[Manga/ToLoveRu Darkness]]''.
12* The student who runs against Shirogane and Miko in the Student Council elections is named Hayato Hongo, a reference to the original ''[[Series/KamenRider Kamen Riders]]'' Takeshi '''Hongo''' and '''Hayato''' Ichimonji (his name even uses the same kanji as theirs).
13* In Chapter 58, Kaguya mentions that Hayasaka watches [[WebVideo/HydraulicPressChannel videos of things being crushed in a hydraulic press]].
14* Kaguya's gift to Shirogane references the story of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang_Weihan Sang Weihan]].
15* The saying that "the one who falls in love loses" seems to be a reference to the heroine of ''Manga/SpecialA'', who said the same thing.
16* Shirogane and Ishigami are playing ''[[VideoGame/MarioKart8 Mario Kart 8 Deluxe]]'' in Chapter 72, with Shirogane playing as Link.
17* Fujiwara's "Love Detective" hat is the same one that Sera wore in ''ib: Instant Bullet''.
18* The introduction of Kaguya's doctor plays similar to ''Manga/TeamMedicalDragon'''s "Daimyo Procession".
19* At the end of Chapter 86, Mr. Shirogane is referred to as "[[Manga/TeasingMasterTakagiSan Karakai Jouzu no Otou-san]]".
20* The manga has a cameo of Nusret "Salt Bae" Gökçe during Chapter 96.
21* In Chapter 102, we see a LINE sticker of a bunny with a very ''Manga/PopTeamEpic''-esque vibe.
22* In Chapter 109, Ishigami references the [=#MeToo=] movement. [[labelnote:Sort Of.]]This is a bit of ''very'' liberal localization on the part of the fan scanlators for that chapter. A broadly similar joke is present in the original but has somewhat different connotations, and it written out entirely in the official English release.[[/labelnote]]
23* Chapter 110
24** Ishigami explains to Shirogane why a mangaka sometimes takes a break. Shirogane then praises Ishigami for his knowledge:
25--->'''Shirogane:''' You know everything when it comes to manga, huh? \
26'''Ishigami:''' [[Literature/{{Bakemonogatari}} I don't know everything about manga. I just know what I know]].
27** All of the Student Council members mention real anime when asked about their favorites (''Anime/AkageNoAnne'' for Kaguya, the various works of Creator/StudioGhibli for Fujiwara, ''Anime/YourName'' for Ishigami, and ''Anime/OnegaiMyMelody'' for Iino).
28* After accidentally turning down Shirogane's offer for a date in Chapter 113, Kaguya tells Hayasaka to find a way to turn back time. Hayasaka responds with "Who do think I am, Manga/{{Doraemon}}?"
29* Gigako wears a [[VideoGame/PlayerunknownsBattlegrounds Spetsnaz Helmet]] in Chapter 116, with Fujiwara correctly mentioning that it can withstand a headshot from a [=Kar98k=] rifle.
30* Two of the girls in the cosplay cafe dress as [[Music/{{Vocaloid}} Hatsune Miku and IA]]. Other cosplays during the event included [[Franchise/TouhouProject Marisa Kirasame]] and Literature/HaruhiSuzumiya.
31* The PhantomThief who stole all the heart-shaped balloons in Chapter 129 left a calling card referring to themselves as Literature/{{Arsene|Lupin}}. [[spoiler:Of course, the name wasn't chosen because of the reference, but rather what it translated to.]]
32* In Chapter 131, the fortune teller Yume is a direct reference to The Witch from ''ib: Instant Bullet.''
33* In Chapter 140, Fujiwara mention ''Anime/PrettyCure'' to Ishigami, as an ActorAllusion to Fujiwara's voice actress playing [[Anime/StarTwinklePrettyCure Cure Milky]] at the time of release.
34* In Chapter 149, the cast is shown playing ''TabletopGame/ScotlandYard''.
35* When Osaragi is discussing different types of female otakus in Chapter 158, furries are represented by [[Anime/DigimonTamers Renamon]]. The ''Franchise/HarryPotter'' franchise is also mentioned by name.
36* When Ishigami begins to exercise regularly, Fujiwara, in her shock, asks him if he got the idea from watching an anime. ''Manga/HowHeavyAreTheDumbbellsYouLift'''s adaptation aired just before the time of that chapter's release, which equally got a lot of otaku exercising.
37* Kazeno's favorite idol group is very obviously based on the real group Music/Hinatazaka46.
38* The Tabletop Gaming Club's winter vacation chapter has Erika (in Japanese) simultaneously saying that they're a trio of psychopaths while also commenting that their imagined crime ring feels more like ''Anime/PsychoPass''.
39* In Chapter 174, Ishigami takes out ''VideoGame/RingFitAdventure'' to play and Iino mentions that she watched [[WebAnimation/{{Nijisanji}} Tsukino Mito and Otogibara Era]] play it.
40* In Chapter 191, when the topic of {{Virtual YouTuber}}s is brought up again, one of the example pictures shows [[WebAnimation/{{Hololive}} Kiryu Coco hosting "HiruCoco" and talking about Inugami Korone]].
41* Ishigami is shown playing ''VideoGame/ApexLegends'' in Chapter 198.
42* Fujiwara mentions playing ''VideoGame/AmongUs'' in Chapters 218-219.
43* In Chapter 225 Hikaru Oobayashi is playing ''VideoGame/{{Shadowverse}}'' while talking to Kaguya. The chapter was released while there was a ''Kaguya-sama'' collaboration event in the game.
44* Chapter 228 is pretty much all about the Discord App, and brings up ''Apex Legends'' again.
45* Chapter 229 continues the ''Apex Legends'' references by having Iino give it a try with Papa Shirogane. ''[[VideoGame/GoldenEye1997 GoldenEye]]'' is also mentioned.
46* Chapter 270 takes place almost entirely on a ''[[VideoGame/{{Minecraft}} Winecraft]]'' server.
47
48!!Doujin Edition
49* In Chapter 1, Ishigami uses hand signals to tell Fujiwara "Pantsu maru mieru" (I can see your panties), just like [[Manga/JojosBizarreAdventureStardustCrusaders Jean Pierre Polnareff]].
50* Fujiwara and her little sister get into a [[VideoGame/{{Splatoon}} Turf War]] with some young kids in Chapter 2, complete with being drawn in a way that clearly resembles Inklings.
51* Chapter 13, being about a FreakyFridayFlip, naturally references ''Anime/YourName'', and even implies that Miko ended up swapping bodies with Mitsuha.
52* In Chapter 27, [[Manga/DontToyWithMeMissNagatoro Nagatoro]] can be seen offering her senpai some Valentine's Day chocolate.
53
54!!Anime
55!!!Season 1
56* The animated opening is an homage to the opening songs of most ''Film/JamesBond'' films. With several direct references specifically to ''[[Film/{{Skyfall}} Skyfall's]]''.
57* The anime adaptation of Chapter 28 references, of all things, a Trivago ad.
58* When the narrator is talking about summer vacation plans in episode 10, a shot of some boys playing ''VideoGame/SuperSmashBrosUltimate'' with the Student Council as playable characters can be seen. An earlier scene also has a classic ''Series/Batman1966'' scene transition, but with Fujiwara's head on a sunflower instead of the bat signal.
59* Episode 2 of the anime changes Shirogane's dialogue ever so slightly from the manga to sneak in a line from ''[[Literature/{{Bakemonogatari}} Kimi no Shiranai Monogatari]]''.
60* Episode 8 adds in a reference to Joe's death scene from ''Manga/TomorrowsJoe'' while Kaguya is helping Ishigami study.
61!!!Season 2
62* The scene of Fujiwara, Ishigami, Iino, and Osaragi walking in the opening was inspired by the band Music/{{Madness|Band}}'s Nutty Train, specifically from their an [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPBjxQ8_9YY 80s Honda commercials]]
63* The cover for the CD of the opening theme has the student council all wearing [[AnimalEaredHeadband mouse ear headbands]]. Kaguya in particular has WesternAnimation/MickeyMouse ears.
64* Episode 13:
65** There is a scene where the members of the student council are depicted as trains. Ishigami is represented by a [[WesternAnimation/ThomasAndFriends blue steam engine]].
66** Hayasaka parodies the fuse-lighting sequence from ''Series/MissionImpossible''. The background music for this scene parodies the Music/{{Madonna}} song "Vogue".
67* Episode 14:
68** When Kei is describing how her brother is at home, he's depicted as looking like [[Manga/HimoutoUmaruChan Umaru]].
69** Kaguya's mental court battle naturally includes several iconic ''Franchise/AceAttorney'' poses, including the finger pointing.
70* Episode 16:
71** The scene where Fujiwara is offering to be Shirogane's campaign manager [[https://imgur.com/a/InCfTWz references the first episode]] of ''Literature/{{Bakemonogatari}}''. [[https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/exbim2wu0aafrjv.jpg The script illustration]] for the episode furthers the reference.
72** As Kaguya's classmates speculate as to why Miyuki wishes to speak to her, the background music becomes a parody of [[Music/DeadOrAlive Dead or Alive's]] song "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)".
73** Shirogane and Ishigami [[https://i.imgur.com/OQ461Rt.jpg posing like evil overlords]] on a hill brings [[Manga/JoJosBizarreAdventure the Pillar Men]] [[https://i.imgur.com/1EZTA3G.jpg to mind]].
74** One of Iino's reasons to choose Fujiwara to be her vice-president candidate is because she has always been admiring her piano talent since a kid, considering her prodigy. Similar reasoning to some of the characters's motivation from ''Manga/YourLieInApril'', complete with the scene that resembles it.
75* Since Season 2 was released in the middle of the COVID-19 lockdown, the English subtitles for Episode 17 add in a couple of references to Social Distancing (though fan backlash resulted in them removing it).
76* Episode 20:
77** When Kaguya and Shirogane are thinking about the suspension bridge effect, there's a visual reference to the Ashes of Ariandel DLC from ''VideoGame/DarkSoulsIII''.
78** In the English dub, when Kaguya and Shirogane are trapped in the storage shed for two hours, the narrator [[WesternAnimation/SpongeBobSquarePants reads off the timecard in a French accent]].
79* Episode 21:
80** As revealed by the official Twitter account, the [[https://twitter.com/anime_kaguya/status/1269464096593739776 script illustration]] shows Kaguya and Fujiwara in the same pose as Catarina Claes and Maria Campbell from ''Literature/MyNextLifeAsAVillainessAllRoutesLeadToDoom'', from the AnimatedAdaptation's key artwork.
81** Iino's delusions of what she wants the student council to be like is a reference to the TV series ''School Wars''.
82** When Osaragi suggests Iino should just join in on the student council's so called [[SustainedMisunderstanding "illicit activities"]], there's a brief ArtShift that turns them into [[ComicStrip/{{Peanuts}} Peppermint Patty and Marcie]] in their [[SignatureScene iconic conversations in their classroom]]. The comparison not only fits their interpersonal dynamics as a bossy {{Cloudcuckoolander}} and her OpaqueNerdGlasses-wearing [[CloudcuckoolandersMinder minder]] to a T, but it doubles as a GeniusBonus-level example of {{Foreshadowing}} if you happen to know P.P. and Marcie are best friends [[spoiler:crushing on the same ClassicalAntihero ButtMonkey {{Determinator}} who has a hopeless crush of his own on someone else.]]
83** When Iino's bookmark is first seen, it's placed in a book called ''[[Literature/FiftyShadesOfGrey Fifty Shape of Love]]''.
84** When explaining the concept of a calming ritual pro athletes are shown as examples. Specifically they reference:
85*** Ichiro Suzuki, a baseball player who would point his bat to the outfield and give his sleeve a small tug before every pitch. He played most of decade in the Japanese NPB league before jumping to the [[UsefulNotes/MajorLeagueBaseball MLB]] for a further 18 years.
86*** Jonny Wilkinson, a rugby player with a unique crouch and hand movements before each kick. Played for about 15 years in England and France.
87*** Kohei Uchimura, a Japanese gymnast who competed from 2007 until 2022. He would often stretch his arms out in front of him before a vault. The imagery in the episode specifically references one of his best vaults at the 2010 Japan Cup.
88** Kaguya dances to "[[Music/{{Madonna}} Vogue]]" while trying to find a pose for her routine.
89* At the end of the Soran Bushi sketch in Episode 22, Fujiwara is seen imitating Music/StevieWonder.
90** While Kaguya argues with her on how to properly perform the Soran Bushi dance in the same episode, Fujiwara recreates ''[[Film/{{Flashdance}} Flashdance's]]'' iconic dousing scene from the film.
91* The ImagineSpot of Ishigami being chased by the balloon in Episode 24 is a reference to Rover from ''Series/ThePrisoner1967''.
92* The booklet for Season 2's Blu-ray disc contains a 4-koma where Iino and Osaragi discuss Osaragi's OpaqueNerdGlasses. Osaragi uses them to deliberately appear uglier and repel unwanted suitors, which is why she calls them "[[VisualNovel/{{Tsukihime}} Mystic Eye Killers]]".
93!!!Season 3
94* The ED for Season 3 is an extended reference to ''Film/StarshipTroopers''.
95* During Kaguya and Shirogane's arm-wrestling battle in episode 1, the background briefly shifts to that of the [[Anime/DragonBallSuper Tournament of Power]].
96* After winning against Fujiwara in arm-wrestling, Ishigami yells "[[Manga/JoJosBizarreAdventure ORAORAORAORAORA! WRYYYYYY!]]"
97* Episode 30:
98** The narrator's explanation of the parent-teacher career counseling ends with the classic rock-paper-scissors imagery of a snake, frog, and slug which are respectively labeled as [[Franchise/{{Pokemon}} Fire, Water, and Grass Type]].
99** When Iino imagines her hypothetical prince, [[https://i.imgur.com/M74j971.jpg everyone is drawn]] in the style of ''Manga/TheRoseOfVersailles''. [[spoiler:And it a bit of foreshadowing, the specific image it was parodying has the main character's love interest (André Grandier) in the same spot as Ishigami.]]
100* When Fujiwara shows off her balloon animal making skills inn Episode 31, the teddy bear she made is shown [[Literature/WinnieThePooh coming out of a house built into a tree]]. She also calls Shirogane a "[[Series/GameOfThrones sweet summer child]]" in the English Dub when she learns that he tried inflating balloons from the warehouse, which have degraded due to age and pop easily.
101* Ishigami's reaction to learning that Tsubame is probably single features a reference to [[Film/TheShawshankRedemption Andy Dufresne's escape from Shawshank Prison.]]
102* During the School Festival, Maki is so afraid to enter the horror house, she begins imitating [[Film/TheBlairWitchProject Heather Donahue's famous apology scene]].
103* Episode 32:
104** Shirogane says that "[[ComicBook/SpiderMan With great culture fest come]]... [[ComesGreatResponsibility great paperwork]]."
105** At the end of the episode, a pastiche of RADWIMPS song "Zenzenzense" plays as Tsubame announces the start of the School Festival. This serves to reference the romantic fantasy film ''Anime/YourName''.
106* Episode 33:
107** In the dub, the previous StudentCouncilPresident tells Shirogane, "[[Series/MissionImpossible Today's mission, should we choose to accept it, is cleaning this swamp.]]"
108** The narrator introduces the concept of a CosplayCafe. The visual aid during the explanation is a reference to the [[Main/GachaGames summoning screen]] of ''VideoGame/FateGrandOrder''.
109* Episode 34:
110** When Makki-senhai is explaining how binaural audio is recorded, the dummy head starts acting like Series/MaxHeadroom.
111** Seeing as the whole thing involves a PhantomThief named Arsene who is stealing hearts, the anime can't resist throwing in a ''VideoGame/Persona5'' reference by having a pastiche of "Life Will Change" in the final scene. This also carries over to the opening scene of the following episode.
112*** The English dub carries this over into a casting gag, with the calling card read by Creator/SonnyStrait, who had previously voiced the real Arsene's grandson, Anime/LupinIII.
113* Episode 35:
114** Kaguya is reading an article about Shirogane on the bulletin board when his hand emerges from the wall and pulls her into a monochrome environment with him, just like the music video for {{Music/Aha}}'s "Take on Me". The background music is even a pastiche of said song.
115*** Miyuki even quotes some of the lyrics of the actual song in the english dub.
116** When Kaguya is trying to get Shirogane to make her a balloon heart, [[WesternAnimation/AliceInWonderland Alice]] and [[VideoGame/MarioKart Princess Peach riding a go-kart with a Piranha Plant]] are shown.
117** When Fujiwara spontaneously gives the boy confessing to her a quiz, the background is the ruined Statue of Liberty on a beach from the ending of ''Film/PlanetOfTheApes1968''.
118** Kaguya's panic over Ishigami potentially ruining her date with Shirogane is depicted in the style of ''VideoGame/ResidentEvil1'', complete with changing camera angles, tank controls, and her {{Wallbonking}}. There's even a student advertising a haunted house nearby that's holding a sign reading ''Biotic Hazard'', referencing the series' Japanese name ''Biohazard''.
119* Episode 36:
120** As Hayasaka details her plan to help Kaguya confess her feelings to Miyuki, the screen changes to that of a [[RomanceGame Otome game]] displaying the couple's dialogue, while she and Hayasaka are represented in [[Memes/TouhouProject yukkuri]] form.
121** Fujiwara, in detective mode, declares, "[[Manga/CaseClosed One truth prevails]]!"
122** As Shirogane's PhantomThief plan enters its final stages and the jewel the dragon is coiled around vanishes, the following exchange occurs in the dub.
123--->'''Kaguya''': Who saw fit to mess with the president's [[Franchise/DragonBall dragon ball]]?!\
124'''Hayasaka''': Copyright...
125* Episode 37:
126** Karen's reaction to [[spoiler:seeing Kaguya and Shirogane's FirstKiss]] is a frame for frame recreation of Kycilia's death in ''Anime/MobileSuitGundam''.
127!!!Movie
128* During the opening, Hayasaka can be seen doing a [[Advertising/FlexSeal Flex Tape]] commercial. Posters for parodies of ''Franchise/HarryPotter'', ''Franchise/LupinIII'', ''Theatre/ThePhantomOfTheOpera'', ''WesternAnimation/TheLionKing1994'', and ''Anime/MobileSuitGundamTheWitchFromMercury'' are also visible on billboards.

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