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7[[quoteright:350:[[ComicBook/FantasticFour1961 https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/ff15_mad_thinker.jpg]]]]
8[[caption-width-right:350:And he would have gotten away with it, too, if it weren't for that [[YouMeddlingKids meddling]] ComicBook/FantasticFour!]]
9
10->''"If you look closely enough at the present you can find loose bits of the future just lying around."''
11-->-- '''[[https://www.schlockmercenary.com/2018-03-11 Petey,]]''' ''Webcomic/SchlockMercenary''
12
13So, how does one predict what's about to happen when there's no PsychicPowers in the setting? With probability and statistics, that's how. From the results of the next sports game to the fate of the human race, anything can be predicted, as long as we have all the background data and include it in the right equations. You don't think so? Then behold TheBigBoard! Or even the RoomFullOfCrazy! There are all the equations! Oh, sure [[EEqualsMCHammer they look like gibberish]] for the untrained eye, but the math is there. The future can be predicted with 100% accuracy, [[SpannerInTheWorks except for that little detail we did not consider, and which ruined the whole equation]].
14
15Can involve SherlockScan or AwesomenessByAnalysis. Often used by a ClockKing. Sometimes used for a PrecrimeArrest. Contrast ButterflyOfDoom.
16
17----
18!!Examples:
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20[[foldercontrol]]
21
22[[folder:Anime and Manga]]
23* The backstory of ''Anime/TheOrbitalChildren'' features an AI known as Seven, which made statistical predictions of the future known as the "Seven Poems." Seven predicted that Earth's population would be reduced by 36.79%, one of the [[AIIsACrapshoot factors]] leading to its deactivation. [[spoiler:It later [[ProphecyTwist turned out to mean]] that they wouldn't die via a catastrophe, but leave Earth over the next several decades to live in space.]]
24[[/folder]]
25
26[[folder:Comic Books]]
27* ''ComicBook/CivilWar2006'': Tony (main character of ''ComicBook/IronMan'') thinks that superheroes should be forced to work under government oversight; Captain Rogers (main character of ''ComicBook/CaptainAmerica'') thinks that they should still be allowed to do what they think is right. All the other characters in the Marvel Universe have to take sides. Reed Richards supports Iron Man; his maths prove that lack of oversight would lead to several world-destroying disasters. This is explored even further in his own comic, ''ComicBook/FantasticFour'', in which Richards and the Mad Thinker compare notes. The Mad Thinker grants that Richards' equations are far more advanced than those he could come up with, but, as he had done himself in the past, Richards committed the grave mistake of ignoring the "human factor". By being so focused on his equations, he ignored the Invisible Woman's viewpoint, who then left him to join Cap's resistance.
28* ''ComicBook/FantasticFour'': The Mad Thinker ''lives'' for this trope. It's basically his thing: use complex math to predict the results of his plans. That, and [[RobotMaster make mindless nigh-unstoppable robots]].
29* In ''ComicBook/TheIncredibleHulk'', ''ComicBook/TheIncredibleHercules'', and ''ComicBook/TotallyAwesomeHulk'', this is stated to be the "power/talent" of Amadeus Cho, the smartest kid in the world. He possesses a "hypermind" capable of making a seemingly endless number of calculations in his head within seconds, predicting what's going to happen. [[PaintingTheMedium Visually, it appears as numbers and formulas floating in mid-air]]. Later, we learn that it runs in the family as his sister Maddie can do the same thing. In ''ComicBook/ChaosWar'', this is played with, as Cho and other super-intelligent characters accept that the BigBad Mikaboshi is unbeatable, but [[NeverTellMeTheOdds Hercules refuses to accept it]].
30* ''ComicBook/ThomasValiant'' has the Ostrich, who can calculate the odds of an event going to happen.
31* Adrian Veidt of ''ComicBook/{{Watchmen}}'' is the "WorldsSmartestMan", and he's able to use his vast intellect to predict and anticipate changes in politics, society, culture, human psychology and by smart timing, such as publicly revealing his secret identity at a time of widespread distrust in superheroism, he is able to cultivate an image of respectability and goodwill that he uses to build an immensely successful corporation, whose resources he then taps into [[spoiler:to unleash his devastating master-plan to save the world]]. He also anticipates that the strained international tensions will cause a baby boom from the accompanying increased sexualization of the media and advises his company to invest in childcare products.
32[[/folder]]
33
34[[folder:Fan Works]]
35* In ''Fanfic/AmazingFantasy'', Peter mentions that Reed Richards attempted this as part of his support for the Superhuman Registration Act. The problem was that it wasn't peer-reviewed and [[{{Technobabble}} no one else could understand it but him]], which [[SurprisinglyRealisticOutcome destroys Reed's arguments when the SHRA was put on trial]]. He suffers a falling-out with Sue for months afterward.
36[[/folder]]
37
38[[folder:Films -- Live-Action]]
39* ''Film/{{Pi}}'': Max Renn is a reclusive mathematician/numerologist who is trying to find the universal constant that will allow him to predict every pattern in nature. Specifically, a group of Wall Street bankers are funding his research to help them predict the stock market with perfect accuracy.
40* In ''Film/CaptainAmericaTheWinterSoldier'', [[spoiler:HYDRA]]'s master plan involves [[spoiler:preemptively executing [[PrecrimeArrest everyone who could ever possibly be willing]] to rise up against their new world order]]. To do this, they created an advanced psychoanalysis algorithm to predict how each and every individual person in the world would most likely behave in the future, based on private information, social trends and internet habits. The result is [[spoiler:a global hit-list stretching into the tens-of-millions, intended to be plugged into the targeting systems of Project Insight's hyper-precise helicarrier weapons.]]
41-->'''[[spoiler:Jasper Sitwell]]:''' The 21st century is a digital book; [[spoiler:Zola]] taught us how to read it. Your bank records, medical histories, voting patterns, e-mails, phone calls, your MSAT scores -- [[spoiler:Zola]]'s algorithm evaluates peoples' past to predict the future.
42* In ''Film/SherlockHolmes2009'' and ''Film/SherlockHolmesAGameOfShadows'', Holmes has this as his trademark skill in combat situations. Before combat even begins, he can predict how a battle would play out to the exact mark thanks to him calculating the situation beforehand. In his confrontation with Moriarty at the end of the second film, it's revealed that Moriarty has the same ability.
43* In ''Film/DieHard'', Hans Gruber has studied every detail of the Nakatomi corporation in order to pull off, not only the perfect crime, but be able to fake his teams' death, by knowing every detail that is available on all the employees, even telling the boss, Joe Takagi, about his time in the internment camp during World War II. What becomes his undoing is that Holly Gennaro, Takagi's right-hand, was using her maiden name, and Gruber didn't know that her estranged husband would show up to the Christmas Eve office party.
44[[/folder]]
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46[[folder:Literature]]
47[[AC:By Creator]]
48* Creator/IsaacAsimov:
49** ''Literature/AllTheTroublesOfTheWorld'': The [[MasterComputer supercomputer Multivac]] is given full data on the entire Earth, including all of its citizens. It uses this information to predict the future actions of human beings; nearly [[PrecrimeArrest eliminating crime]], war, and poverty. There's proposals to expand the predictive analysis to include medical issues. Recently it has been given the responsibility to predict all crimes in advance so they can be prevented from occurring.
50** ''Literature/FoundationSeries'': [[FictionalFieldOfScience Psychohistory]], a set of mathematical models developed by Hari Seldon, is used to predict the future. There are certain restrictions on its ability to work as a form of prophecy: (1) [[AbsurdlyHugePopulation Predictions can only be made for societies of a minimum size]], although experts in the field have successfully wielded it on a scale as small as individual people. (2) [[UnspokenPlanGuarantee The people whose actions are being predicted can't know what the prediction is.]] (3) That there would be no fundamental changes in human society over the next thousand years. Technology could advance, but not fundamentally alter the way human civilization functioned. (4) That human reaction to stimuli would remain constant. (This assumption was challenged in "Literature/TheMule", where the antagonist had a [[{{Mutants}} mutation]] giving him EmotionControl powers.) In addition, one more premise is deduced in ''Literature/FoundationAndEarth'': [[spoiler:psychohistory only predicts human reactions, and [[BizarreAlienPsychology alien/transhuman creatures]] are not predictable]].
51** ''Literature/{{Franchise}}'': Multivac has almost every datapoint it needs to predict how the citizens of America would vote in the election, and [[TheChooserOfTheOne selects Muller]] to fill in the gaps of its predictive abilities, thereby negating the need for anyone to vote at all.
52** "Literature/SpellMyNameWithAnS": Dr. Zebatinsky goes to a numerologist, who reveals that he isn't a FortuneTeller; he's a mathematician. Instead of analyzing the mystical significance of numbers, he uses computers, models, and statistical analysis to predict the future.
53--->'''Haround:''' Given enough data and a computer capable of sufficient number of operations in unit time, the future is predictable, at least in terms of probabilities.
54[[AC:By Work]]
55* Creator/MaryGentle's ''[[Literature/SixteenTenASundialInAGrave 1610: A Sundial in a Grave]]'' revolves around a form of mathematics that can predict future actions, with such precision that a mathematician with no sword-wielding aptitude is capable of winning a fight by predicting it several months in advance and then practicing the sequence of moves that will result in victory. One character turns out to be manipulating events because he's foreseen a catastrophe four hundred years in the future that can only be averted if he starts laying the groundwork now.
56* In ''Literature/AvestaOfBlackAndWhite'', the strongest of the Dragvant, the side of evil, are the Seven Demon Lords. It is eventually revealed that the Seven Demon Lords are actually a result of a system imposed by Mithra to try and simulate and predict the archetypes of the future Hegemonic Gods of the ''Shinza'' verse. As their numbers indicate, she had planned for it to total at seven but as fans of the series know, things kinda went off the rails resulting in nine of them, possibly ten.
57* The Franchise/{{Nasuverse}} has two types of prescience, as detailed in the epilogue of ''Literature/TheGardenOfSinners'', one of which is essentially an ability to intuitively predict the most likely outcome of a particular chain of events based on all the minuscule clues and probabilities known by the "seer". Mikiya explains that this ability is not that different from how meteorologists predict weather.
58* ''Literature/NoGameNoLife'': Shiro is a ChildProdigy capable of high-level calculations. While her skills are useful in a lot of the games she and Sora compete together in, one of her greatest uses for it is in the realm of FPS games. After acquiring enough information, she can predict the movement and actions of her opponents to such an extent that to others she seems like she can see into the future. It's only when her opponents cheat that her calculations fail.
59* In ''Literature/SmallFavor'', Captain Luccio of the Wardens reveals to Harry Dresden that most of the ancient Oracles at Delphi [[BeethovenWasAnAlienSpy were actually previous hosts]] of the [[OmniscientDatabase Archive]], and their supposed prophecies were actually them using their vast knowledge to reason what the most likely future to happen was.
60* ''Literature/TheCulture'' has AI so powerful that they can predict most anything you're going to do. So much so that one AI records its conversation eight hours in advance.
61* The title character of Creator/RobertSilverberg's ''Literature/TheStochasticMan'' is a stochastics expert who runs an agency that predicts the future (specifically, business risks and stock exchange rates) based on hard maths -- but [[SubvertedTrope gives it up]] after meeting his mentor, who can ''[[{{Seers}} actually]]'' see the future and teaches him the same.
62* ''Literature/{{Worm}}'':
63** Among the many abilities granted to the Number Man is the ability to predict the future through probability, which he can use in combat to predict the moves of his enemies before they make them.
64** Powers that involve future sight also act this way; no one can ''actually'' see the future, but their power can ''model'' the future (or possible futures, depending) with such precision and accuracy that it hardly matters.
65[[/folder]]
66
67[[folder:Live-Action TV]]
68* ''Series/AgentsOfSHIELD'': In the episode "[[Recap/AgentsOfSHIELDS3E15Spacetime Spacetime]]", we meet an Inhuman who can make people see someone's death in the future just by touching them. [[YouCantFightFate Those futures can not be avoided]] (but they can be [[ProphecyTwist twisted]]). Leopold Fitz, resident genius, explains that predictions ''are'' mathematically possible.
69* An early villain in ''Series/{{Alphas}}'' has an intuitive understanding of cause and effect and can influence events, such as rolling a water bottle onto the road to create a massive traffic accident. Unfortunately, he [[IThoughtEveryoneCouldDoThat can't understand that other people do things without calculating the end results]], so he thinks that they're all plotting against him.
70* In ''Series/TheCape'', Tracey Jerrod (a.k.a. Dice) has an innate understanding of quantum physics, allowing her to foresee the future to a high degree. Her father worked to map her brain in order to be able to duplicate the ability technologically. His research was stolen by Peter Fleming (a.k.a. Chess) and, eventually, released as T.R.A.C.E., a computer program that can predict things like the stock market with incredible accuracy. Neither Dice nor T.R.A.C.E. is infallible, though.
71* In season 4 of ''Series/TheFlash2014'', Clifford [=DeVoe=] (a.k.a. the Thinker) gets super-intelligence as a result of the particle accelerator explosion (which he predicted). This gives him the unprecedented ability to calculate a myriad of possibilities for every action. He uses that to push Team Flash into doing things to his benefit. His only flaw is that he can't wrap his mind around human emotions and how they can affect behavior in unpredictable ways. At least one carefully laid plan goes awry when he fails to account for that.
72* Milo in the ''Series/{{Fringe}}'' episode "[[Recap/FringeS03E03ThePlateau The Plateau]]" is a mentally handicapped man turned into a mathematical supergenius by an experimental drug. He goes on a killing spree against the doctors who want to wean him off, managing to do them in with DisasterDominoes "accidents" that seem unconnected to him. His attempt to kill Olivia only fails because she's from "our" universe and therefore makes different decisions than people in his.
73* ''Series/Numb3rs'' has Charlie use math to predict crimes before they can happen for the FBI in UsefulNotes/LosAngeles.
74* The premise of ''Series/PersonOfInterest'' is that a computer extrapolates from surveillance data who will be a threat to national security, and as a side effect predicts other violent crimes.
75* ''Series/StarTrekDeepSpaceNine'': In "[[Recap/StarTrekDeepSpaceNineS06E09StatisticalProbabilities Statistical Probabilities]]", a group of genetically-enhanced savants are given access to secret war-related documents. They predict that the Dominion War will cost billions of lives, and to prevent such a loss of life they recommend that the Federation immediately surrender. Naturally, the Federation leaders do not accept the recommendation. They also predict that ultimately the Dominion will then be overthrown by a rebellion starting on Earth... but utterly fail to predict that the Dominion ''also'' predicted this and are planning to wipe out the planet, which the audience found out a few episodes previous in "[[Recap/StarTrekDeepSpaceNineS06E06SacrificeOfAngels Sacrifice of Angels]]". They try to force the issue by handing critical information over to the Dominion, but fail to predict that ''one of their own members'' would alert the authorities of the plan.
76[[/folder]]
77
78[[folder:Tabletop Games]]
79* The infamous [[LostTechnology LosTech]] Space Defense System from ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' had a component that could be installed in the larger [[AttackDrone drone units]] called the [[FunWithAcronyms ATAC]], short for Autonomous Tactical Analysis Computer, capable of millions of calculations per second. It allowed the robots to make predictive analysis of the battlefield, and made retaking Terra a real pain when [[TheUsurper Stephan Amaris]] took over the Terran Hedgemony and turned the SDS against the Star League.
80* In ''TabletopGame/EclipsePhase'', the psi-slight Predictive Boost temporarily amps up the Bayesian probability machine features of the brain.
81* ''TabletopGame/MonsterOfTheWeek'': The [[ConspiracyTheorist Flake]] playbook has a special move called "Connect the Dots", which lets them figure out, among other things, where and when then next crucial plot event will take place from the minor in-game clues (out-of-character, this allows their player to flat-out ask the GameMaster to reveal future plot details).
82[[/folder]]
83
84[[folder:Theatre]]
85* ''Theatre/BeMoreChill'': The Squip instructs Jeremy to buy an Eminem shirt on the first day it's active. The following day, [[spoiler:Eminem dies]], causing several students to express symapthy towards Jeremy. The Squip explains that he didn't [[spoiler:kill Eminem]], just predicted that Eminem was statistically the most well-known celebrity to most likely [[spoiler:die the following day]].
86[[/folder]]
87
88[[folder:Video Games]]
89* The BigBad of the ''Franchise/{{Danganronpa}}'' franchise, [[spoiler:Junko Enoshima]], though they advertise themselves as being the Ultimate [[spoiler:Fashionista]] (and, of course, [[NamesToRunAwayFromReallyFast Ultimate Despair]]), their actual talent is [[AwesomenessByAnalysis Ultimate Analyst]]. Their analytical ability is so great that they can basically predict the future ([[spoiler:which is how she can be the Ultimate Fashionista, as she can predict what fashion trends are about to take off and get in on them early]]). This ability, however, has left them extremely bored with the world, since nothing comes as a surprise to them. This is what led them to become obsessed with the emotion of despair, as it is the one thing they found that makes people act in ways even ''they'' can't predict, and is therefore the only thing even remotely interesting or exciting to them. [[VisualNovel/Danganronpa2GoodbyeDespair The second game]] has another example in [[spoiler:Izuru Kamukura]], who is this by virtue of having ''[[UltimateLifeForm every single talent known to man]]'' and has fallen into a level of boredom rivaling even the BigBad's.
90* ''Franchise/{{Fallout}}'':
91** In ''VideoGame/Fallout4'', the Railroad has P.A.M., the Predictive Analytics Machine, a pre-war US spy-ops computer loaded into an [[FemBot Assaultron]] frame. She is a secondary QuestGiver for the Railroad faction.
92** In ''Videogame/FalloutNewVegas'', Robert House was able to predict almost the exact date that the world would be plunged into a nuclear apocalypse and would have succeeded in fully protecting Las Vegas had he not been off by just ''one day''. His ability to predict the odds and push them towards his favor is the game's way of justifying a high LuckStat, with the cybernetic implant that boosts your Luck stat being a "Probability Calculator" that lets you perceive various probabilities and choose the best one. Luck is not simply the universe favoring you, but your skill in predetermining and calculating outcomes, variables and random events to do ''just'' what you need for a "miracle" to occur. The [[Series/Fallout2024 TV series]] would reveal however that [[spoiler:House was present in a meeting between various pre-war corporations discussing whether or not to instigate the Great War, so it's implied he at least had some level of foreknowledge]].
93--->'''Robert House:''' Success depends on forethought, dispassionate calculation of probabilities, accounting for every stray variable.
94* In ''VideoGame/FugaMelodiesOfSteel'', [[spoiler:the final entry in Jeanne's files implies that the game's events are not happening per se. Instead, it is a simulation, with Jeanne trying to use the powers of the Juno to predict the upcoming events and calculate the best possible outcome for everyone involved as well as what she needs to do to reach it. This also explains how the time is getting reversed at certain moments in the story or when you get a GameOver -- it's not actually getting reversed, instead Jeanne is rolling back the simulation to an earlier point and trying things differently]].
95* ''VideoGame/GodOfWarRagnarok'' casts [[TheHecateSisters the Norns]] as this. They are the Norse goddesses of fate, except they freely admit that [[SlidingScaleOfFreeWillVersusFate there's no such thing as destiny]]. Instead, they're [[ExcellentJudgeOfCharacter so good at reading people]] that they can predict the logical result of people's actions based on their character flaws -- Kratos, for example, is doomed to continue his god-killing ways, because while "he's sad about it" now, he hasn't actually ''changed'' his behavior. The only way to escape the fates the Norns foretell is through CharacterDevelopment.
96-->'''UrĂ°:''' There is no grand design. No script. Only the choices you make. That your choices are so predictable merely makes us seem prescient.
97* ''VideoGame/XenobladeChronicles'':
98** ''VideoGame/XenobladeChronicles1'': This is how the Monado can grant visions of the future. As the world the game takes place in is composed entirely of [[BackgroundMagicField ether]], and it's able to manipulate ether on an effectively omniscient level, it's able to predict the future with perfect accuracy. Well, except that [[SelfDefeatingProphecy said predictions themselves allow the future to be changed]].
99** ''VideoGame/XenobladeChronicles2'': Mythra's CombatClairvoyance is described very similarly to the Monado's visions, reading ether flows to predict the future. With a few exceptions, Mythra only sees a few minutes into the future, but it makes her basically invincible in a fight.
100
101[[/folder]]
102
103[[folder:Webcomics]]
104* All sufficiently powerful Immortals can do this in ''Webcomic/ElGoonishShive''. Actually seeing into the future is impossible, but Immortals have incredible means of gathering information and get smarter with age. This means that they can extrapolate the outcome of most situations based on what they already know. Unfortunately, they also get increasingly unstable with age, leading to one mad Immortal trying to [[PrescienceIsPredictable create situations so chaotic that she can't predict the outcome]].
105* ''Webcomic/{{Sarilho}}'': This is how augurs see the future. ''[[http://sarilho.net/en/arquivo/comic/ch02p10 That's not future sight, that's... Probability!]]''
106* In ''Webcomic/SchlockMercenary'', the Bolocedeans manage to make some [[LudicrousPrecision incredibly]] accurate [[https://www.schlockmercenary.com/2019-05-06 inferences]] about their visitors before the visitors even arrive with only the teraport arrival of tiny sensors to herald the coming of a visitor, knowledge about the galaxy that is at least two million years out of date, and lots of computational power.
107--> '''Blue:''' The Stategic Simulation Team's report is here.\
108'''Red:''' Thank you. Can you tell us what's coming?\
109'''Blue:''' The most probable scenario is that intelligent life has evolved on the planet from which we [[PhlebotinumKilledTheDinosaurs rescued]] the [[{{Ultraterrestrials}} feather-folk]]. They've [[JustForFun/AbusingTheKardashevScaleForFunAndProfit harnessed the power of the galactic core]] and will shortly be arriving to ask about their relatives.\
110''[{{beat}}]''\
111'''Red:''' That is probable?\
112'''Blue:''' [[IfMyCalculationsAreCorrect Would you like to see the math?]]
113* In ''Webcomic/{{SSDD}}'', one of [[http://www.poisonedminds.com/d/20050321.html the Oracle's]] functions was to calculate and predict upcoming disasters. Unfortunately, it needed [[AIIsACrapshoot experimental data]]. Briefly, he tries teaching Tessa some at a casino, [[http://www.poisonedminds.com/d/20121127.html just for the laughs]].
114[[/folder]]
115
116[[folder:Western Animation]]
117* ''WesternAnimation/ActionMan2000'' gives Alex Mann this ability. When his adrenaline reaches a peak point, he can calculate what thing to do to defuse a situation (which usually involves an [[ExtremeSportsPlot extreme sports stunt of some kind]]). This ability also gives him an uncontrollable type of precognition. Coach Grey, the man responsible for Alex's ability, has a computer that can do the same on a larger scale.
118* In ''WesternAnimation/AvengersAssemble'', Iron Man has a software that scans the battles and battle scenarios, and predicts the best strategy to defeat the enemy, along with the probability of success. They get in a big problem when Red Skull, who steals an armour in the first episode, finally finds this software and learns how to use it.
119* ''WesternAnimation/{{Futurama}}'': When Bender overclocks himself in "[[Recap/FuturamaS6E25Overclockwise Overclockwise]]", he develops the ability to predict every possible outcome. He uses this ability to stop Mom's killbots, to predict when ceiling fans will fall on Zoidberg, and write down a detailed account of the future of Fry and Leela's relationship.
120[[/folder]]
121
122[[folder:Real Life]]
123It is of course impossible to do this with perfect accuracy thanks in large part to [[ButterflyOfDoom chaos theory]], but a great amount of effort is spent in real life trying to ascertain what is probable to occur, especially when the stakes are high.
124* ''Meteorology'' is perhaps the most important example. Forecasts of the weather date back to antiquity, though accurate forecasting is a more recent phenomenon. As with most examples here, the accuracy of forecasts drops with distance into the future.
125* The entire discipline of ''Probability and Statistics'' deal in this trope. See also the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_large_numbers Law of Large Numbers]]. This is why gambling casinos are profitable ventures: while the gambler may get lucky in an individual game or even on a wild night, over time and hundreds of thousands of games, the slight odds in the house's favor leads to a profit.
126* ''Political polling'' is another huge venture where this trope is in play. Polls, however, are limited by sampling size and methodology, so their results are never certain.
127* ''Astronomy''. Most would consider the motions of planets, stars and other celestial bodies to be predictable, but in truth they are only so up to a point. On time scales of millions of years, the orbits of the planets in the solar system cannot be accurately predicted. Smaller bodies can be difficult to predict even within a century, due to them being far more susceptible to being nudged by the gravity of planets, and also by their own radiation and outgassing in the case of comets.
128[[/folder]]

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