History UsefulNotes / OtherRoyalFamilies

He is a half-second cousin to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed to King Felipe VI of Spain, a third cousin twice removed to King Philippe of Belgium a fourth cousin once removed to King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, King Harald V of Norway, Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a fourth cousin twice removed to King Charles III of the United Kingdom, and King Frederik X of Denmark, a fifth cousin once removed to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and sixth cousin to Prince Albert II of Monaco.

The very [[PrettyBoy cherubic]] last King of Portugal. Unfit and unprepared to be the king, he was elevated to the throne after the assassination of his father, King Charles I, and his brother, Prince Luís Filipe, who was the heir to the throne up to that point, in the 1908 Lisbon Regicide. Overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which implemented the Portuguese First Republic. Was great-grandson of Maria II, who was herself the sister of Dom Pedro II of Brazil. Known as "The Patriot" for his total devotion to Portugal as a nation even after exile, and even when it was detrimental to efforts to restore him to the throne (such as insisting that royalists should join the Portuguese Army and fight in UsefulNotes/WorldWarI rather than trying to use the war as an opportunity to overthrow the First Republic).\\\

With the January 2024 abdication of Margrethe II of Denmark, there are no longer any incumbent queens regnant[[note]]In addition to Margrethe II, the former Queen of the Netherlands, Princess Beatrix, is still alive[[/note]], i.e. queens reigning in their own right, a situation that hasn't existed for several centuries at least. In Europe specifically, a queen regnant has been sitting on at least one throne from 1833, the accession of Isabel II of Spain, to the aforementioned abdication of Margrethe II in 2024. However, there are currently three female heirs apparent [[note]]Viktoria of Sweden, Elisabeth of Belgium, Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands[[/note]]. i.e. oldest children who cannot be knocked off the first-in-line position by a son being born due to their country's using absolute primogeniture. Leonor of Spain as the oldest of two daughters is heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne and while their system is male-preference, it is unlikely Felipe VI will have any more children.

!!Abdullah, King of {{UsefulNotes/Malaysia}}

[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/malaysia.jpg]]
->'''Dynasty''': House of Bendahara
->'''Born''': 1959
->'''Reign''': 2019 -- present
->'''Consort''': Azizah Al-Mutawakkil (1986 --)
->'''Heir''': Successor will be elected

Actually, his title is Yang di-Pertuan Agong, meaning 'He who is made Lord'. Full name Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah.\\\
The Malaysian monarchy is unique because the king is [[ElectiveMonarchy elected]] by the Conference of Rulers consisting of the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and is rotated on a five-year period basis. However, Abdullah became king when his predecessor, Muhammad V, abdicated after only three years following his controversial marriage to Russian model Oksana Voevodina. Mostly ceremonial.

The heir of the Yugoslavian throne today is Alexander, Peter II's son with Alexandra of Greece and Denmark. Alexandra was the only daughter of King Alexander of Greece, great uncle of Greece's last king Constantine II. It should be noted, however, that [[BalkanizeMe Yugoslavia no longer exists today]], so this is merely a symbolic claim.

->'''Reign''': 2024 - Present

His marriage to the Australian-born Mary Donaldson has been portrayed as a modern fairytale romance. The couple met during 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where they had an odd set of mutual acquaintances, specifically the then Prince of Asturias (now King Felipe VI of Spain) was acquainted with Mary's flatmate. Frederik apparently hid his status as Crown Prince of Denmark until well after they had started dating, and he would make frequent, but discreet trips to Australia to see her. In 2003, their relationship was publicly revealed when Queen Margrethe II announced that she had granted her son permission to marry, and the two were wed on May 14, 2004. They have had four children together, with heir apparent Christian [[note]]following the normal Frederik-Christian pattern of Danish royal first sons - his mother took the "Christian" with her father being Frederik IX[[/note]] born in 2005, being followed by Isabella (2007-), then twins Vincent and Josephine (2011-). His accession resulted in all his younger children getting the Danish version of UsefulNotes/KnightFever as Knights of the Elephant, Christian having gotten his knighthood at 18.\\\

->'''Consort''': ''Queen'' Mary of Denmark

->'''Dynasty''': House of Oranje-Nassau (Who agnatically speaking haven't actually reigned over the Netherlands since the abdication of Queen Wilhelmina in 1948[[note]]Queen Juliana belonged to the House of Mecklenberg, and Queen Beatrix to the House of Lippe[[/note]], King Willem-Alexander is agnatically the head of the House of Amsberg,and all the children of Beatrix and Prince Bernhard use the surname "van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg")

->'''Dynasty''': House of Orange

->'''Heir''': Catharina-Amalia, ''Princess of Orange''

With the January 2024 abdication of Margrethe II of Denmark, there are no longer any incumbent queens regnant[[note]]In addition to Margrethe II, the former Queen of the Netherlands, Princess Beatrix, is still alive[[/note]], i.e. queens reigning in their own right, a situation that hasn't existed for several centuries at least. In Europe specifically, a queen regnant has been sitting on at least one throne from 1833, the accession of Isabel II of Spain, to the aforementioned abdication of Margrethe II in 2024. However, there are currently three female heirs apparent [[note]]Viktoria of Sweden, Elisabeth of Belgium, Amalia of the Netherlands[[/note]]. i.e. oldest children who cannot be knocked off the first-in-line position by a son being born due to their country's using absolute primogeniture. Leonor of Spain as the oldest of two daughters is heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne and while their system is male-preference, it is unlikely Felipe VI will have any more children.

!!Mohammed VI , King of {{UsefulNotes/Morocco}}

One of the wealthiest heads of state with a personal worth of over £2 billion. Once threatened to leave with the Royal Family and relocate to Austria if a constitutional shake-up was not agreed upon. Arguably one of the most powerful monarchs in Europe, in terms of practical political power; unlike most European monarchs, he actually does have an effect over the government. His people love him, and several referenda to reduce the power of the monarchy have been resoundingly defeated. Hans-Adam handed over the duties of day-to-day government decision making to his heir, Hereditary Prince Alois, in 2004 to prepare for the transition to the next generation. Hans-Adam's father, Franz-Joseph II, did the same thing in 1984.\\\

With the January 2024 abdication of Margrethe II of Denmark, there are no Queens regnant i.e. Queens reigning in their own right. However, there are currently three female heirs apparent [[note]]Viktoria of Sweden, Elisabeth of Belgium, Amalia of the Netherlands[[/note]]. i.e. oldest children who cannot be knocked off the first-in-line position by a son being born due to their country's using absolute primogeniture. Leonor of Spain as the oldest of two daughters is heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne and while their system is male-preference, it is unlikely Felipe VI will have any more children.

His marriage to the Australian-born Mary Donaldson has been portrayed as a modern fairytale romance. The couple met during 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where they had an odd set of mutual acquaintances, specifically the then Prince of Asturias (now King Felipe VI of Spain) was acquainted with Mary's flatmate. Frederik apparently hid his status as Crown Prince of Denmark until well after they had started dating, and he would make frequent, but discreet trips to Australia to see her. In 2003, their relationship was publicly revealed when Queen Margrethe II announced that she had granted her son permission to marry, and the two were wed on May 14, 2004. They have had four children together, with heir apparent Christian [[note]]following the normal Frederik-Christian pattern of Danish royal first sons - his mother took the "Christian" with her father being Frederik IX[[/note] born in 2005, being followed by Isabella (2007-), then twins Vincent and Josephine (2011-)/. His accession resulted in all his younger children getting the Danish version of UsefulNotes/KnightFever as Knights of the Elephant, Christian having gotten his knighthood at 18.\\\

His marriage to the Australian-born Mary Donaldson has been portrayed as a modern fairytale romance. The couple met during 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where they had an odd set of mutual acquaintances, specifically the then Prince of Asturias (now King Felipe VI of Spain) was acquainted with Mary's flatmate. Frederik apparently hid his status as Crown Prince of Denmark until well after they had started dating, and he would make frequent, but discreet trips to Australia to see her. In 2003, their relationship was publically revealed when Queen Margrethe II announced that she had granted her son permission to marry, and the two were wed on May 14, 2004.\\\

His accession was an unexpected turn, even for him[[note]]He only found out about his mother's plans to abdicate three days before she made the announcement[[/note]]. In the past, his mother, like the late Elizabeth II, had insisted that she would remain on the throne until she fell off it. However, a major back surgery in Febuary of 2023, and a series of other health issues over the course of the year made her reconsider this. In her yearly televised New Year's Eve message, Margrethe announced her abdication to the shock of the Danish public. At the time of her abdication, his mother was the only queen regnant in the world, a distinction she had held since the death of Elizabeth II in 2022.\\\

He is a first cousin once removed of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a second cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a third cousin of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a half-third cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a fourth cousin of King Felipe VI of Spain, a half-fourth cousin thrice removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a half-fifth cousin thrice removed of Prince Albert II of Monaco. He is also the nephew of the last King of Greece, Constantine II, who was married to his aunt Anne-Marie of Denmark.

He is a third cousin of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed of King Philippe of Belgium, a half-fourth cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a half-fourth cousin thrice removed to King Frederik X of Denmark and a half-fourth cousin twice removed King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a fifth cousin of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, and a fifth cousin once removed to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, King Felipe VI of Spain, and Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a first cousin once removed of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a second cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin twice removed of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a half-third cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a third cousin twice removed of King Felipe VI of Spain, a half-fourth cousin thrice removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a half-fifth cousin thrice removed of Prince Albert II of Monaco. He is also the nephew of the last King of Greece, Constantine II, who was married to his aunt Anne-Marie of Denmark.

He is a first cousin once removed to both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a second cousin once removed of King Frederik X of Denmark, a second cousin once removed to both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a third cousin once removed of King Felipe VI of Spain, a third cousin twice removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a half-fourth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a seventh cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a second cousin once removed to King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a third cousin twice removed to King Frederik X of Denmark, a third cousin once removed to King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, and King Harald V of Norway, a fourth cousin of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a fifth cousin of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a fifth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a sixth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco. Through his mother Queen Sofia, he is also the nephew of the last King of Greece, Constantine II.

The current King is also a first cousin of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a first cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin twice removed of King Frederik X of Denmark, a third cousin of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a third cousin once removed to both King Charles III of the United Kingdom and Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a fourth cousin of King Felipe VI of Spain, a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and a fifth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco. Through his mother Queen Paola, he is also a descendent of the UsefulNotes/MarquisDeLaFayette.

He is a first cousin of King Philippe of Belgium, a first cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin twice removed of King Frederik X of Denmark, a third cousin of both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a third cousin once removed of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a fourth cousin of King Felipe VI of Spain, a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and a fifth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a half-third cousin once removed of King Frederik X of Denmark, a third cousin once removed of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a third cousin twice removed of King Harald V of Norway, a fourth cousin once removed of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a fifth cousin of both King Felipe VI of Spain and King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a fifth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a seventh cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

His marriage to the Australian-born Mary Donaldson has been portrayed as a modern fairytale romance. The couple met during 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where they had a odd set of mutual aquaintances, specifically the then Prince of Asturias (now King Felipe VI of Spain) was aquainted with Mary's flatmate. Frederik apparently hid his status as Crown Prince of Denmark until well after they had started dating, and he would make frequent, but discreet trips to Australia to see her. In 2003, their relationship was publically revealed when Queen Margreth II annouced that she had granted her son permission to marry, and the two were wed on May 14, 2004.\\\

His accession was an expected turn, even for him[[note]]He only found out about his mother's plans to abdicate three days before she made the announcement[[/note]]. In the past, his mother, like the late Elizabeth II, had insisted that she would remain on the throne until she fell off it. However, a major back surgery in Febuary of 2023, and a series of other health issues over the course of the year made her reconsider this. In her yearly televised New Year's Eve message, Margrethe announced her abdication to the shock of the Danish public. At the time of her abdication, his mother was the only queen regnant in the world, a distinction she had held since the death of Elizabeth II in 2022.\\\

He is a third cousin of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed of King Philippe of Belgium, a half-fourth cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a half-fourth cousin twice removed to both Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a fifth cousin of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, and a fifth cousin once removed to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, King Felipe VI of Spain, and Prince Albert II of Monaco.

His marriage to the Australian-born Mary Donaldson has been portrayed as a modern fairytale romance. The couple met during 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where they had a odd set of mutual aquaintances, specifically the then Prince of Asturias (now King Felipe VI of Spain) was aquainted with Mary's flatmate.\\\

He is a first cousin once removed to both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a second cousin of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, a second cousin once removed to both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a third cousin once removed of King Felipe VI of Spain, a third cousin twice removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a half-fourth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a seventh cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, a second cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a third cousin to both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, King Felipe VI of Spain, and King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a half-fourth cousin twice removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a half-fifth cousin twice removed of Prince Albert II of Monaco.\\\

He is a second cousin once removed to King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a third cousin once removed to Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, and King Harald V of Norway, a fourth cousin of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a fifth cousin of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a fifth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a sixth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco. Through his mother Queen Sofia, he is also the nephew of the last King of Greece, Constantine II.

The current King is also a first cousin of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a first cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin once removed of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, a third cousin of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a third cousin once removed to both King Charles III of the United Kingdom and Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a fourth cousin of King Felipe VI of Spain, a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and a fifth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco. Through his mother Queen Paola, he is also a descendent of the UsefulNotes/MarquisDeLaFayette.

He is a first cousin of King Philippe of Belgium, a first cousin once removed of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin once removed of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, a third cousin of both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a third cousin once removed of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a fourth cousin of King Felipe VI of Spain, a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and a fifth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a half-third cousin of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, a third cousin once removed of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a third cousin twice removed of King Harald V of Norway, a fourth cousin once removed of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a fifth cousin of both King Felipe VI of Spain and King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a fifth cousin once removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a seventh cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He is a half-second cousin to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin once removed to King Felipe VI of Spain, a third cousin twice removed to King Philippe of Belgium a fourth cousin once removed to Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, King Harald V of Norway, Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, a fourth cousin twice removed to King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a fifth cousin once removed to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and sixth cousin to Prince Albert II of Monaco.

Constantine was the maternal uncle of King Felipe VI of Spain and the third cousin and brother-in-law of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. He was also second cousin to King Charles III of the United Kingdom, third cousin to both King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and King Harald V of Norway, third cousin once removed to both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a fifth cousin of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a sixth cousin of Prince Albert II of Monaco.

He was a first cousin once removed of King Felipe VI of Spain, a third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, and King Harald V of Norway, a third cousin once removed of King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, and a fourth cousin once removed of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and Prince Albert II of Monaco. \\\

!!Margrethe II, Queen of {{UsefulNotes/Denmark}}

[[quoteright:300:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/02123b86_04c4_46b5_97b2_0133eb5587ce.jpeg]]
->'''Dynasty''': House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (or just 'Glücksburg')
->'''Full Name''': Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur [[note]]an Icelandic name, given to honor the fact that her grandfather Christian X was king of Iceland at the time of her birth[[/note]] Ingrid
->'''Born''': 1940
->'''Reign''': 1972 -- 2024
->'''Consort''': ''Count'' Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat (1967 -- 2018)
->'''Heir''': Frederik, ''Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat''[[note]]With the death of Count Henri in 2018, Crown Prince Frederik is now head of the House of Monpezat, meaning that when Margrethe abdicates, the Danish royal family will switch to being agnatic Monpezats.[[/note]]

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular prime minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes.\\\

Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, in the past Margrethe had refused to consider abdicating, stating that she would remain on the throne until she fell off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate -- citing a serious back operation that she'd undergone -- after 52 years on the throne in favour of her son, Frederik, effective January 14, 2024. Following Elizabeth II's death in 2022, Margrethe was the world's only queen regnant, and her abdication reduces that number to zero.\\\

Only Denmark's second female monarch; the first was Margrethe I, who reigned as Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1389-1412 (the first two from 1387), founding the Kalmar Union. Denmark had been male inheritance only until 1953 when the constitution was changed after it was realised her father, Frederik IX, would not have a male heir. It is now absolute primogeniture; her heir apparent is Crown Prince Frederick (Danish monarchs traditionally alternate between Christian and Frederik, with Margrethe deciding she would be a 'Christian'), whose wife Crown Princess Mary is the first Australian member of any European royal family. Her 52 years on the throne is the second longest reign of any Danish monarch, behind only Christian IV (reigned 1588--1648).[[note]] Margrethe's personal reign, however, slightly eclipses Christian's, who required a regent for his first eight years.[[/note]] \\\

She is a first cousin of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, a second cousin of King Harald V of Norway, a second cousin once removed of both King Philippe of Belgium and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, a third cousin of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, a half-third cousin of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, a third cousin once removed of King Felipe VI of Spain, a half-fourth cousin twice removed of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and a half-fifth cousin twice removed of Prince Albert II of Monaco. She is also the sister-in-law of the last King of Greece, Constantine II, who was married to her sister Anne-Marie.

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular Prime Minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes.\\\

Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, in the past Margrethe has refused to consider abdicating, stating that she would remain on the throne until she fell off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate -- citing a serious back operation that she'd undergone -- after 52 years on the throne in favour of her son, Frederik, effective January 14, 2024. Following Elizabeth II's death, Margrethe was the only Queen regnant in the entire world, until her abdication reduces that number to zero.\\\

Only Denmark's second female monarch; the first was Margrethe I, who reigned as Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1389-1412 (the first two from 1387), founding the Kalmar Union. Denmark had been male inheritance only until 1953 when the constitution was changed after it was realised her father, Frederik IX, would not have a male heir. It is now absolute primogeniture; her heir apparent is Crown Prince Frederick (Danish monarchs traditionally alternate between Christian and Frederik, with Margrethe deciding she would be a 'Christian'), whose wife Crown Princess Mary is the first Australian royal anywhere.\\\

Hamengkubuwana IX was a particularly famous politician in his own right. He and Paku Alam VIII were the first Indonesian royals to send a message of congratulations to President Soekarno for his declaration of independence on August 18, 1945, a decision that eventually led the latter to make Yogyakarta an autonomous province within Indonesia. He welcomed the Indonesian revolutionaries when they relocated their base of operations to Yogyakarta following the Dutch occupation of Jakarta, and later served as the Vice-President of Indonesia from 1973 to 1978. He was also the founder of the Indonesian Scouting Movement.\\\

As for the Pakualaman Principality, it is currently ruled by Paku Alam VIII's grandson, Paku Alam X. He is the hereditary vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region. Paku Alam X has two sons, and his eldest, Kusumo Bimantoro, is expected to succeed him upon his death. Like Hamengkubana X, Paku Alam X came from the House of Mataram; his great-great-great-great-great-grandfather and the first Pakualaman prince, Paku Alam I, was the sixth of [[MassiveNumberedSiblings thirty two children]] born to Hamengkubuwana I (Hamengkubuwana X, meanwhile, is descended from the third child, Hamengkubuwana II). If you ask why the polities divided, you can blame the Dutch and British for that; they [[DivideAndConquer deliberately sowed discord to the royal house of Mataram]] during the early 19th century that eventually caused the two sons to clash and separate.\\\

->'''Dynasty''': Mataram

Hamengkubuwana X (pre-regnal name Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Dapito) became the Sultan of Yogyakarta upon the death of his father, Hamengkubuwana IX (pre-regnal name Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun) in 1988. He was democratically elected as the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region in 1998, following the death of Paku Alam VIII (himself the prince of the Pakualaman Principality located within the Sultanate), who presided over the position for a decade. Following another decade of negotiations, the "convention" that the titles of Yogyakarta governor and vice-governor are hereditary was made into law by the Indonesian government in 2012.\\\

Hamengkubuwana IX was a particularly famous politician in his own right. He and Paku Alam VIII were the first Indonesian royals to send a message of congratulations to President Soekarno for his declaration of independence on August 18, 1945, a decision that eventually led the latter to make Yogyakarta an autonomous province (a similar status was briefly accorded to Surakarta, but was taken away from it thanks to a strong republican movement in the city). He welcomed the Indonesian revolutionaries when they relocated their base of operations to Yogyakarta following the Dutch occupation of Jakarta, and later served as the Vice-President of Indonesia from 1973 to 1978. He was also the founder of the Indonesian Scouting Movement.\\\

As for the Pakualaman Principality, it is currently ruled by Paku Alam VIII's grandson, Paku Alam X. He is the hereditary vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region. Paku Alam X has two sons, and his eldest, Kusumo Bimantoro, is expected to succeed him upon his death. Like Hamengkubana X, Paku Alam X came from the House of Mataram; his great-great-great-great-great-grandfather and the first Pakualaman prince, Paku Alam I, was the sixth of [[MassiveNumberedSiblings thirty two children]] born to Hamengkubuwana I (Hamengkubuwana X, meanwhile, is descended from the third son, Hamengkubuwana II). If you ask why the principality exists at all, you can blame the Dutch and British for that; they [[DivideAndConquer deliberately sowed discord to the royal house of Mataram]] during the early 19th century that eventually caused the two sons to clash and separate.\\\

The Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Pakualaman Principality are two of the four remnants of the Mataram Sultanate, which existed from 1586 to 1755. The other two remnants are the Surakarta Sultanate (currently ruled by Pakubuwana XIII) and Mangkunegaran Principality (currently ruled by Mangkunegara X), both located in Surakarta. Their respective first monarchs were all descended from Amangkurat IV, the eighth Mataram Sultan.

!!Hamengkubuwono X, Sultan of Yogyakarta Sultanate and Governor of Yogyakarta Special Region

->'''Dynasty''': Hamengkubuwono

Hamengkubuwono IX (pre-regnal name Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun) was appointed the governor for life of the Yogyakarta Special Region by Indonesia's first president Soekarno as reward for his contributions during the Indonesian war for independence. However, upon the Sultan's death in 1989, vice governor Paku Alam VIII (himself the prince of the Pakualaman principality located within the Sultanate) took over as governor, with Hamengkubuwono IX's son, Hamengkubuwono X (pre-regnal name Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Dapito) only inheriting the title of Sultan.\\\

Hamengkubuwono X was democratically elected as governor after Paku Alam's death in 1998, and after a decade of negotiations, the "convention" that the titles of Yogyakarta governor and vice-governor are hereditary was made into law by the Indonesian government in 2012.\\\

In 2015, Hamengkubuwono X promulgated a law changing the dynastic succession to be an absolute primogeniture, because he has no son. As a result, the current heir apparent is his eldest daughter, Ratu Mangkubumi.\\\

By the way, the Sultan's fourth child, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Hayu Princess Hayu]], is JustForFun/OneOfUs and runs the Tepas Tandha Yekti, the Sultanate's IT and digital publication department.

Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, in the past Margrethe has refused to consider abdicating, stating that she would remain on the throne until she fell off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate after 52 years on the throne in favour of her son, Frederik, effective January 14, 2024. Following Elizabeth II's death, Margrethe was the only Queen regnant in the entire world, until her abdication reduces that number to zero.\\\

->'''Reign''': 1972 -- present

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular Prime Minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes. Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, in the past Margrethe has refused to consider abdicating, stating that she woudl remain on the throne until she fell off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate after 52 years on the throne in favor of her son, Frederik, on January 14, 2024. Following the death of Elizabeth, Margrethe was the only Queen regnant in the entire world until her abdication will reduce that number to zero.\\\

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular Prime Minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes. Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, in the past Margrethe has refused to consider abdicating, stating that she will remain on the throne until she falls off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate after 51 years on the throne in favor of her son, Frederik, on January 14, 2024. Following the death of Elizabeth, Margrethe was the only Queen regnant in the entire world until her abdication will reduce that number to zero.\\\

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular Prime Minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes. Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, Margrethe refuses to abdicate, stating that she will remain on the throne until she falls off of it. That is, until her 2023 New Year's Message, when she unexpectedly announced her intention to abdicate after 51 years on the throne in favor of her son, Frederik, on January 14, 2024. Following the death of Elizabeth, Margrethe was the only Queen regnant in the entire world until her abdication will reduce that number to zero.\\\

->'''Heir''': Frederik, ''Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat''[[note]]With the death of Count Henri in 2018, Crown Prince Frederik is now head of the House of Monpezat, meaning that when Margrethe dies, the Danish royal family will switch to being agnatic Monpezats.[[/note]]

Beloved by the Danish people for her down-to-earth attitude, she is an accomplished artist who actually illustrated the Danish edition of ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. As she is also a competent translator, some people claim she helped translate it as well. Also a chain smoker, which formed part of a scene in ''Series/{{Borgen}}'' where she keeps the titular Prime Minister waiting while she ducks out to buy cigarettes. Like her cousin Elizabeth II, to whom she was close, Margrethe refuses to abdicate, stating that she will remain on the throne until she falls off of it. Following the death of Elizabeth, Margrethe is the only Queen regnant in the entire world, and will remain as such should the crown princesses of Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium or Spain not accede to their respective thrones during her lifetime.\\\

Mohammed bin Zayed is the world's newest monarch, succeeding his half-brother Khalifa after he died in 2022, though he has been ''de facto'' ruling the country since 2014, when Khalifa suffered a stroke. Mohammed bin Rashid is a fanatic of thoroughbred [[UsefulNotes/HorseRacing horse racing]].