History FollowTheLeader / Literature

** That's not to say anything from ''The Vampire Diaries'', a 1991 book series who saw a rebirth with the YA vampire fever, being brought back to readers' knowledge, and spawning a TV series.

* Every HighFantasy setting (by this wiki's definition) has its roots in J.R.R. Tolkien's ''Literature/TheLordOfTheRings''. Sometimes they're knock-offs of works that are ''themselves'' knock-offs of ''Lord of the Rings''.

* Jasper Fforde pokes fun at this phenomenon in ''The Well of Lost Plots: A Literature/ThursdayNext Novel.'' While Thursday is exploring the Well of Lost Plots, where books and characters are created from scratch, a MrExposition explains to her that, when one character is written with a particularly forceful or distinctive personality, characters-to-be are affected by that and take on those traits. A side-effect of Daphne Du Maurier's ''Rebecca,'' for example, is that hundreds of impressionable characters imitated the creepy and possibly [[PsychoLesbian psychotic lesbian]] housekeeper of the story, which results in, for Jurisfiction, an army of Mrs. Danvers clones. At the end, he offers Thursday, "Can I interest you in a [[TheObiWan wise]] {{old|Master}} [[EccentricMentor mentor]] figure?"

* Somewhat to Sir Creator/ArthurConanDoyle's chagrin, ''Literature/SherlockHolmes'' arguably opened the floodgates for modern mystery and detective fiction, as detectives like Hercule Poirot, Literature/NeroWolfe, and Inspector Morse all followed in his footsteps in one way or another. Holmes even provided a key inspiration for Franchise/{{Batman}}'s status as Franchise/TheDCU's greatest detective.
* The ''Mageworlds'' series are sci-fi novels which feature [[TheForce a mystical power that binds everything in the universe]], and can give those who wield it telepathy, telekinesis, psychic predictions, etc. The power has good and evil users (Adepts and Mages, respectively) who [[ElegantWeaponForAMoreCivilizedAge use melee weapons in a galaxy full of blasters]]--and frequently, the [[GoodColorsEvilColors Adepts' energy manifests as blue or green, with the Mages' being red.]] The main characters include a [[RoyalsWhoActuallyDoSomething princess/queen]], a [[LoveableRogue free-trader/smuggler/space pirate]], and [[TheObiWan a very old, very wise mentor who is also secretly a user of the mystical power]]. It just might remind people of a very popular [[Franchise/StarWars film series]][[note]]the similarities grow stronger when you look at the generation prior to that of the main characters[[/note]]. It does manage to avoid sucking, though, and there are enough plot differences that it doesn't read like a SerialNumbersFiledOff kind of thing.

* Creator/PhilippaGregory's Tudor-era historical romance novels (starting with ''Literature/TheOtherBoleynGirl'') jumpstarted a new wave of imitators set in or around the reign of Henry VIII (a trend exacerbated by the TV series ''TheTudors'').
* ''The Zombie Survival Guide'' and its companion ''Literature/WorldWarZ'' have provided a lot of the momentum for the surge in zombie fiction. Works like ''Literature/PrideAndPrejudiceAndZombies'' have their origin in these.
* ''Literature/PrideAndPrejudiceAndZombies'' and ''Literature/AbrahamLincolnVampireHunter'' spawned a number of works mashing up public domain stories and characters with pulp conventions -- see LiteraryMashUps for a list. The knock-offs even spread to Brazil, with ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias_P%C3%B3stumas_de_Br%C3%A1s_Cubas Undead Memories of Brás Cubas]]'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_alienista The Alienist]] Mutant Hunter'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Casmurro Dom Casmurro]] and the Flying Saucers'' (all three before based on Creator/MachadoDeAssis), ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Escrava_Isaura_%28novel%29 Escrava Isaura]] and the Vampire'' and ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senhora_%28novel%29 Senhora]], The Witch''.

* Almost everybody knows of Milton's ''Literature/ParadiseLost''. What many people don't know is that Dutch writer Joost van den Vondel published ''De Lucifer'', a play with the same basic plot, roughly four years before Milton even started writing his poem. While it's doubtful that Milton knew enough Dutch to fully understand the play, it's no stretch to say that he was inspired by the premise. A shorter, anglo-saxon poem based on the same themes seems to be an actual blueprint of Milton's poem.

* Though not as successful as ''Literature/TheHungerGames'', ''{{Graceling}}'', a well-acclaimed YA fantasy series, has inspired YoungAdult authors to hit the fantasy route rather than {{Dystopia}}. Some of the most popular ones is Leigh Bardugo's ''Shadow and Bone'', part of the Grisha Trilogy, the ''Seraphina'' series from Rachel Hartman, and possibly ''Falling Kingdoms'' by Morgan Rhodes.

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* The non-fiction book ''The World Without Us'' (2007), whose premise is showing what would happen to the world if all humans suddenly vanished one day, was followed by two 2008 documentaries that were basically ''The World Without Us'' with the serial numbers filled off: ''Film/LifeAfterPeople'' and ''Film/{{Aftermath}}: Population Zero'' (each would later give birth to full TV series, with only ''Life'' staying true to the original premise). After that there was a noticeable shift in post-apocalyptic fiction from sterile, gray or [[RealIsBrown brown]] settings often brought by nuclear warfare to "green" overgrown cities where humans had been [[DepopulationBomb decimated by some disease]] and/or anarchy, but everything else was doing alright: ''Film/IAmLegend'' (2007), ''{{Revolution}}'' (2012), ''Videogame/TokyoJungle'' (2012), ''TheLastOfUs'' (2013) and ''Film/DawnOfThePlanetOfTheApes'' (2014).

* Creator/GeorgeOrwell's revolutionizing book, ''Literature/NineteenEightyFour''. One of the most popular books in history to the point of being repeatedly treated as [[MagnumOpus the "Citizen Kane" of Literature]]. It was inevitable that from then on to even today, there are writers making stories about {{Dystopia}}n PoliceState [[CrapsackWorld Crapsack Worlds]], with the only twist being that their protagonists win in the end. It gets even more stereotypical if it floats towards IssueDrift like Orwell was doing, [[AuthorTract except it's taken way too seriously]]. Books like ''The Hunger Games'' owe all their premises to this trope.

* OlderThanRadio: After authors such as Ann Radcliffe and [[Literature/TheMonk Matthew Lewis]] popularized GothicFiction in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, hundreds of lesser known Gothic novels and condensed re-writes of better known Gothic novels were published in an attempt to cash in. This largely died down by the 1820s, but the large number of forgotten novels published by Minerva press (which also published Radcliffe's classic, ''Literature/TheMysteriesOfUdolpho'') is a testament to the massive popularity of Gothic novels at the turn of the nineteenth century. Indeed, many of these "trade Gothic" works can be bought from [[http://www.zittaw.com/ Zittaw Press]], [[http://www.udolphopress.com/ Udolpho Press]], and [[http://valancourtbooks.com/index2.html Valancourt Books]].
* ''Literature/TheDaVinciCode'' remained on best-seller lists for an obscene number of months, resulting in many copycat quest novels.
** ''The Da Vinci Code'' itself follows the pseudohistory/conspiracy book ''Holy Blood, Holy Grail'' (1982, republished 1996), [[XMeetsY merging it]] [[RecycledInSpace with Brown]]'s usual 'thriller starring male college professor and companion sexpot in an exotic European locale' formula.
* The incredible success of ''Literature/HarryPotter'' has led to a glut of children's fantasy and, while it isn't the first school for wizards, it is certainly the inspiration for many. ''Harry Potter''[='s=] success also persuaded authors and publishers to write longer and more complex young-adult literature. This is a very good example that [[TropesAreTools this isn't actually a bad thing]] -- the success of ''Harry Potter'' told authors and publishers that yes, young-adult literature can be enjoyed by a PeripheryDemographic of adults, and that adolescents ''do'' have enough of an attention span to read a DoorStopper novel if it interests them enough.[[note]]To put it in a bit of perspective, aside from a few examples like ''Literature/TheNeverendingStory'', young-adult novels were ''rarely'' above three hundred pages. Some publishers actually thought kids wouldn't have the attention span to read a book if it was over two hundred.[[/note]]
** And of course, there have been people claiming that ''Literature/HarryPotter'' itself ripped off something else, though what exactly it is varies between the detractor. They include: the infamous ''Literature/TheLegendOfRahAndTheMuggles'', ''[[Literature/EarthseaTrilogy A Wizard of Earthsea]]'', Creator/JaneYolen's ''Literature/WizardsHall'', ''TomBrownsSchoolDays'', ''Literature/GrooshamGrange'' and even the SoBadItsGood movie ''Film/{{Troll}}''. And loads more. The irony here is that Creator/JKRowling couldn't have ripped off all of them at once, and it often tends to imply that ''they'' were instead ripping off ''each other''. While a WizardingSchool was never a new trope, there's nothing older than ''Harry Potter'' to which it's ''exactly'' similar.

* When Creator/StephenKing published ''TheGreenMile'' in serial format, lesser-known horror writer John Saul attempted the same thing with ''The Blackstone Chronicles''. It didn't work as well.

* ''Literature/PrideAndPrejudiceAndZombies'' and ''Literature/AbrahamLincolnVampireHunter'' spawned a number of works mashing up public domain stories and characters with pulp conventions -- see LiteraryMashUps for a list.
** The knock-offs even spread to Brazil, with ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias_P%C3%B3stumas_de_Br%C3%A1s_Cubas Undead Memories of Brás Cubas]]'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_alienista The Alienist]] Mutant Hunter'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Casmurro Dom Casmurro]] and the Flying Saucers'' (all three before based on Creator/MachadoDeAssis), ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Escrava_Isaura_%28novel%29 Escrava Isaura]] and the Vampire'' and ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senhora_%28novel%29 Senhora]], The Witch''.

* Almost everybody knows of Milton's ''Paradise Lost''. What many people don't know is that Dutch writer Joost van den Vondel published ''De Lucifer'', a play with the same basic plot, roughly four years before Milton even started writing his poem. While it's doubtful that Milton knew enough Dutch to fully understand the play, it's no stretch to say that he was inspired by the premise.
** A shorter, anglo-saxon poem based on the same themes seems to be an actual blueprint of Milton`s poem.
* Creator/RLStine's success with ''Literature/{{Goosebumps}}'' led to dozens of similarly named series being published including ''Bone Chillers'', ''Deadtime Stories'', ''Shivers'', ''Spinetinglers'', ''Spooksville'', and ''Strange Matter''.
** And ''Literature/GalaxyOfFear'' is pretty clearly taking inspiration from Goosebumps, though the books follow one set of protagonists for the whole series and have a clear arc. Subject matter is largely the same, the kids are around the same age, there are constant {{Cliffhanger}}s and PseudoCrisis chapter endings...

* While the whole fictional-story-written-as-a-journal/diary is nothing new, Jeff Kinney's ''Literature/DiaryOfAWimpyKid'' series has at least one major imitator: Rachel Renee Russell's ''Literature/DorkDiaries.''
** Other humorous graphic novel/children's novel hybrid series that have followed in Greg Heffley's wake include ''Middle School'' (Creator/JamesPatterson), ''Tales of a Sixth Grade [[Franchise/TheMuppets Muppet]]'', ''Timmy Failure'' ([[PearlsBeforeSwine Stephan Pastis]]), and '''two''' ''Franchise/StarWars''-inspired series in ''Origami Yoda'' and ''Jedi Academy''.

* George Orwell's revolutionizing book, ''NineteenEightyFour''. One of the most popular books in history to the point of being repeatedly treated as [[MagnumOpus the "Citizen Kane" of Literature]]. It was inevitable that from then on to even today, there are writers making stories about {{Dystopia}}n PoliceState [[CrapsackWorld Crapsack Worlds]], with the only twist being that their protagonists win in the end. It gets even more stereotypical if it floats towards IssueDrift like Orwell was doing, [[AuthorTract except it's taken way too seriously]]. Books like ''The Hunger Games'' owe all their premises to this trope.
* The non-fiction book ''The World Without Us'' (2007), whose premise is showing what would happen to the world if all humans suddenly vanished one day, was followed by two 2008 documentaries that were basically ''The World Without Us'' with the serial numbers filled off: ''Film/LifeAfterPeople'' and ''Film/{{Aftermath}}: Population Zero'' (each would later give birth to full TV series, with only ''Life'' staying true to the original premise). After that there was a noticeable shift in post-apocalyptic fiction from sterile, gray or [[RealIsBrown brown]] settings often brought by nuclear warfare to "green" overgrown cities where humans had been [[DepopulationBomb decimated by some disease]] and/or anarchy, but everything else was doing alright: ''Film/IAmLegend'' (2007), ''{{Revolution}}'' (2012), ''Videogame/TokyoJungle'' (2012), ''TheLastOfUs'' (2013) and ''[[Film/RiseOfThePlanetOfTheApes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes]]'' (2014).

* RLStine's success with ''Literature/{{Goosebumps}}'' led to dozens of similarly named series being published including ''Bone Chillers'', ''Deadtime Stories'', ''Shivers'', ''Spinetinglers'', ''Spooksville'', and ''Strange Matter''.

** The series caused a boom in the YA vampire genre. Notable examples include P.C. Cast's ''Literature/TheHouseOfNight'' series, Richelle Mead's ''Literature/VampireAcademy'' series, and Melissa de la Cruz's ''Blue Bloods'' series, each having [[OurVampiresAreDifferent a wildly different take on the vampire mythos.]] Not only that, but it caused a surge of YA ParanormalRomance in general, or at least "angsty teenage girl falls in love with the hot new boy at her school who turns out to have a supernatural secret" plots: ''Literature/HushHush'' (supernatural secret: angels), ''Fallen'' series (angels again), ''Literature/TheImmortalsSeries'' ([[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin immortals]]), ''Literature/TheCasterChronicles'' ([[GenderFlip genderflipped]] and with witches) ...

** The knock-offs even spread to Brazil, with ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias_P%C3%B3stumas_de_Br%C3%A1s_Cubas Undead Memories of Brás Cubas]]'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_alienista The Alienist]] Mutant Hunter'', ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Casmurro Dom Casmurro]] and the Flying Saucers'' (all three before based on MachadoDeAssis), ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Escrava_Isaura_%28novel%29 Escrava Isaura]] and the Vampire'' and ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senhora_%28novel%29 Senhora]], The Witch''.

* After the success of ''GossipGirl'' and the subsequent TV series, many more novels about rich white teenage girls (with a TokenMinority or two) in private schools have been made. Some of the imitators include ''Literature/TheClique'', the ''Literature/{{Private}}'' series, and ''Literature/PrettyLittleLiars''.

* PhilippaGregory's Tudor-era historical romance novels (starting with ''Literature/TheOtherBoleynGirl'') jumpstarted a new wave of imitators set in or around the reign of Henry VIII (a trend exacerbated by the TV series ''TheTudors'').

* DimeNovel hero Literature/NickCarter was pretty clearly a source for DocSavage. Reading through the Nick Carter dime novels is like going through a Doc Savage checklist: trained since childhood by father to be a mental and physical superman, travels the world righting wrongs and battling evil, a master of disguise, has a RoguesGallery full of sinister villains, leads a team colorful assistants, etc. Its DocSavage, only in the 19th century.

* Speaking of ''Fifty Shades of Grey'', it spawned the ''Eighty Days'' trilogy, another trilogy of BDSM romance books called ''Eighty Days Yellow'', ''Eighty Days Blue'' and ''Eighty Days Red.'' As you may have noticed, even the title is designed to sound a bit like "Fifty Shades." It's no coincidence that it's got a number in the beginning and is followed by a color. And then there's the short story collection ''12 Shades of Surrender'', which is exactly what it sounds like.

** Jonas Jonasson's SpiritualSuccessor to ''The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared'' had a Swedish title that translates to ''The Illiterate Who Could Count.'' The English translation was named ''The Girl Who Saved the King of Sweden''.'

* Speaking of ''Fifty Shades of Grey'', it spawned the ''Eighty Days'' trilogy; another trilogy of BDSM romance books called ''Eighty Days Yellow'', ''Eighty Days Blue'' and ''Eighty Days Red.'' As you may have noticed, even the title is designed to sound a bit like "Fifty Shades." It's no coincidence that it's got a number in the beginning and is followed by a color. And then there's the short story collection ''12 Shades of Surrender'', which is exactly what it sounds like.

** Publisher's of books written ''before'' the ''Twilight'' series have attempted to make them ''look'' like spin-offs and tie-ins, including ''Literature/WutheringHeights'', ''Literature/PrideAndPrejudice'' and ''Theatre/RomeoAndJuliet''.

* Related to the above, ''Literature/HarryPotter'' was also aided by ''Literature/TheInheritanceCycle'' in showing publishers that young adults actually do have the attention span to read long books, especially series with multiple installments that are themselves doorstoppers. While it and Harry Potter certainly weren't the first kids series (''Literature/TheChroniclesOfNarnia'' has been a favourite amongst children for years.) it most definitely was ''not'' the last.

* The success of ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'' led to a wave of dark, cynical fantasy series being published and becoming popular, such as ''Literature/TheMalazanBookOfTheFallen'', ''Literature/TheFirstLaw'', ''Literature/SecondApocalypse'' and ''Literature/GentlemanBastard''. Though some of these are quite different in terms of subject matter, the success of Martin's books definitely helped get them a foothold in the market (''Literature/TheMalazanBookOfTheFallen'' started publishing in 1999, not long after Martin's series, but was not available in the US until 2003, when ''Literature/ASongOfIceAndFire'' had become successful).

* Following the BreakthroughHit of ''Literature/TheFaultInOurStars'', all of Creator/JohnGreen 's earlier works were rereleased with covers incorporating design elements from TFIOS' cover.

* Things are gonna get complicated now, so listen up. When ''Literature/TheMillenniumTrilogy'' was translated to English, the publisher decided to give the books in the series similar-sounding titles. So they translated the title of the second book, ''The Girl Who Played With Fire,'' completely faithfully, and then gave the other two books brand-new titles: ''The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo'' and ''The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest.''[[note]]The original Swedish titles of the books translate roughly into "Men who hate women" and "The pipe dream that blew up.[[/note]] That way, it was immediately obvious to people that the books were related. A few years later, a Swedish humor novel by Jonas Jonasson was translated into English. Its title was faithfully translated into English as ''The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared.'' This title clearly resembled the ''Millennium'' titles, and because of this, it's become common for English-language publishers to give Swedish novels English titles along the lines of "The person who did a thing."

** Swedish writer Catharina Ingelman-Sundberg wrote a book called ''Kaffe med rån'', [[DoubleEntendre which means both "Coffee with wafers" or "Coffee with robbery."]] The English translators gave it the title '' The Little Old Lady Who Broke All the Rules,'' and in another example of this trope, gave its cover the same kind of design as Jonasson's novels. When she wrote a sequel, the English translation was named ''The Little Old Lady Who Struck Lucky Again!''

** Swedish writer Catharina Ingelman-Sundberg wrote a book called ''Kaffe med rån'', [[DoubleEntendre which means both "Coffee with wafers" or "Coffee with robbery.]] The English translators gave it the title '' The Little Old Lady Who Broke All the Rules,'' and in another example of this trope, gave its cover the same kind of design as Jonasson's novels. When she wrote a sequel, the English translation was named ''The Little Old Lady Who Struck Lucky Again!''

* Things are gonna get complicated now, so listen up. When ''Literature/TheMillenniumTrilogy'' was translated to English, the publisher decided to give the books in the series similar-sounding titles. So they translated the title of the second book, ''The Girl Who Played With Fire,'' completely faithfully, and then gave the other two books brand-new titles: ''The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo'' and ''The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest.'' That way, it was immediately obvious to people that the books were a series. A few years later, a Swedish humor novel by Jonas Jonasson was translated into English. Its title was faithfully translated into English as ''The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared.'' This title clearly resembled the ''Millennium'' titles, and because of this, it's become common for English-language publishers to give Swedish novels English titles along the lines of "The person who did a thing."

** Swedish writer Catharina Ingelman-Sundberg wrote a book called ''Kaffe med rån'', [[DoubleEntendre which means both "Coffee with wafers" or "Coffee with robbery.]] The English translators gave it the title '' The Little Old Lady Who Broke All the Rules,'' and in another example of this trope, gave its cover the same kind of design as Jonasson's novels.

* ''Literature/DaysOfTheTriffids'' gives more than one plot point away to ''Series/TheWalkingDead''.

** Other humorous graphic novel/children's novel hybrid series that have followed in Greg Heffley's wake include ''Middle School'' (JamesPatterson), ''Tales of a Sixth Grade [[Franchise/TheMuppets Muppet]]'', ''Timmy Failure'' ([[PearlsBeforeSwine Stephan Pastis]]), and '''two''' ''Franchise/StarWars''-inspired series in ''Origami Yoda'' and ''Jedi Academy''.

* Following the BreakthroughHit of ''Literature/TheFaultInOurStars'', all of Creator/JohnGreen 's earlier works were rereleased with covers incorporating design elements from [-TFiOS'-] cover.

* Following the BreakthroughHit of ''Literature/TheFaultInOurStars'', all of Creator/JohnGreen 's earlier works were rereleased with covers incorporating design elements from TFiOS' cover.

** The series caused a boom in the YA vampire genre. Notable examples include P.C. Cast's ''TheHouseOfNight'' series, Richelle Mead's ''Literature/VampireAcademy'' series, and Melissa de la Cruz's ''Blue Bloods'' series, each having [[OurVampiresAreDifferent a wildly different take on the vampire mythos.]] Not only that, but it caused a surge of YA ParanormalRomance in general, or at least "angsty teenage girl falls in love with the hot new boy at her school who turns out to have a supernatural secret" plots: ''Literature/HushHush'' (supernatural secret: angels), ''Fallen'' series (angels again), ''Literature/TheImmortalsSeries'' ([[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin immortals]]), ''Literature/TheCasterChronicles'' ([[GenderFlip genderflipped]] and with witches) ...

* The non-fiction book ''The World Without Us'' (2007), whose premise is showing what would happen to the world if all humans suddenly vanished one day, was followed by two 2008 documentaries that were basically ''The World Without Us'' with the serial numbers filled off: ''LifeAfterPeople'' and ''{{Aftermath}}: Population Zero'' (each would later give birth to full TV series, with only ''Life'' staying true to the original premise). After that there was a noticeable shift in post-apocalyptic fiction from sterile, gray or [[RealIsBrown brown]] settings often brought by nuclear warfare to "green" overgrown cities where humans had been [[DepopulationBomb decimated by some disease]] and/or anarchy, but everything else was doing alright: ''IAmLegend'' (2007), ''{{Revolution}}'' (2012), ''TokyoJungle'' (2012), ''TheLastOfUs'' (2013) and ''[[RiseOfThePlanetOfTheApes Dawn of the Planet of the Apes]]'' (2014).

* The ''Mageworlds'' series are sci-fi novels which feature [[TheForce a mystical power that binds everything in the universe]], and can give those who wield it telepathy, telekinesis, psychic predictions, etc. The power has good and evil users (Adepts and Mages, respectively) who [[ElegantWeaponForAMoreCivilizedAge use melee weapons in a galaxy full of blasters]]--and frequently, the [[GoodColorsEvilColors Adepts' energy manifests as blue or green, with the Mages' being red.]] The main characters include a [[RoyalsWhoActuallyDoSomething princess/queen]], a [[LoveableRogue free-trader/smuggler/space pirate]], and [[TheObiWan a very old, very wise mentor who is also secretly a user of the mystical power]]. It just might remind people of a very popular [[Franchise/StarWars film series]]. It does manage to avoid sucking, though, and there are enough plot differences that it doesn't read like a SerialNumbersFiledOff kind of thing.