History Characters / KaiserreichChina

->'''Official Name:''' [=MinGan Insurgency=] (League War), National Revolutionary Government (End of the First Repatriated Congress), Republic of China (Chinese Reunification)

That being said, their singular rule over the Kuomintang has been challenged over the last decade or so. The MinGan insurgency has created its own parallel government, while many liberal members of the movement have based themselves in Hawaii. Still, a fracture has been avoided thanks to Wang's careful diplomacy, and in this new revolution he has at last been given an opportunity to free his homeland.[[/note]], Reorganised Comrades Association of the Kuomintang[[note]]Zhongguo Guomindang gaizu tongzhi hui: When the Kuomintang's left-wing dominated Central Committee fled to Europe following the end of the Northern Expedition, most left-wingers joined the Kuomintang Reorganised Comrades Association (RCA). The RCA, led primarily by Chen Gongbo, but including the closest friends and followers of Wang Jingwei - believes that if the revolution is to be saved, it must be reorganised in the same spirit of 1924. The Kuomintang, in their eyes, must be purged of its excess democratic and reactionary forces; only then will China achieve her national revolution. Once a secret faction amongst the Chinese expatriate community in Europe, with the return of the Central Committee, the RCA has emerged as one of the Kuomintang's two major political parties. They adhere to a model of strict leadership (seeing the Kuomintang as the vanguard of the socialist revolution) and a party for the peasantry, workers, and petite bourgeoisie. They hold warm and cordial ties with the Third Internationale, and many RCA members also hold relations with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. Nonetheless, it is a movement that sees the Chinese Nationalist cause as not just one for China but also one for the entirety of Asia. The RCA runs on a platform that China is the socialist vanguard, spreading the revolution far and wide and liberating the oppressed peoples of Asia from the chains of imperialism. The RCA consists of two wings - the radical wing led by Chen Gongbo and a moderate wing led by Gu Mengyu - with their views differing over issues such as the class base of the party or land reform.[[/note]]

->'''Role:''' Chairwoman[[note]]Head of State[[/note]] (Powere struggle victory)

->'''Role:''' Premier[[note]]Head of Government[[/note]] (Zongnan cabinet)

->'''Role:''' Premier[[note]]Head of Government[[/note]] (Qingling cabinet, KMT-RF path)

->'''Role:''' Premier[[note]]Head of Government[[/note]] (Qingling cabinet, CSP-Orthodox path), Head of State (Syndicalist puppet state)
%%->'''Party:''' Zhongguó gōng tuán dang[[note]]The Chinese Syndicalist Party does not belong to the Kuomintang, even though many of its members hold close ties and believe in the "Sun Yat-sen" model of revolution. Nonetheless, they are allowed to participate in the Kuomintang's National Revolution as part of the Kuomintang's agreement with the Third Internationale for support.\\\
Nonetheless, the CSP's movements and organisation are primarily confined to China's urban centres, such as the ports of the Legation Cities. As a result, their movement is broken and fragmented with nominal leadership ascribed to Chen Duxiu, who adheres to more orthodox strain of syndicalism and advocates for a united front with his party and the Kuomintang. However, more radical syndicalist Chinese intellectuals, such as Wang Ming's so-called "28 Syndicalists" in France, adhere to the idea of the CSP as the sole carrier of revolution. The CSP is, therefore, viewed as both a foreign and a domestic threat by more conservative members of the Kuomintang, and their presence represents a potentially uneasy relationship with the Internationale.[[/note]]

In 1915, he would go on to found the popular journal "New Youth" and joined fellow leftist educator Cai Yuanpei in Beijing where both men lashed out against the perceived backwardness of Ching China and the necessity for a new model, a new method allow China to enter the modern age and reassert herself in the world once more. In Beijing, he was attracted to Li Dazhao's Marxist study group and when word broke out of revolution in France 1919, Chen Duxiu believed that a syndicalist model was China's natural progression in the Marxist historical materialist model - that the workers and peasants of Chinese society would lead the revolution against the corrupt bourgeoisie and feudal warlords that were leading China to ruin. As such in 1921, Chen Duxiu and other prominent socialist leaders gathered in Shanghai to proclaim the Chinese Syndicalist Party (CSP).\\\
When the Kuomintang rose up in 1923, the Commune of France's recognition of the Kuomintang was granted only on the condition that the Kuomintang accept the CSP as a junior partner in the national revolution. Given the CSP's small size and lack of popular support among the rural peasantry and petit bourgeoisie, Chen Duxiu naturally accepted. However, when the Northern Expedition ended in failure in 1927, the Chinese Syndicalist Party fled alongside the Kuomintang. Chen Duxiu headed for a life of secrecy and exile, changing locations frequently from friendly Guangdong to the narrow alleyways of Shanghai's red-light districts.\\\
Against the odds, the Syndicalist Party of China has come to power and a new era dawns for the Chinese workers. As Chen Duxiu takes up the mantle of leadership, no doubt the disagreements and factionalism that have arisen in the exile will come to surface as the CSP calls to convene. And while the CSP has unified the country under the banner of syndicalism, it was only due to the aid of a foreign nation -but a victory nonetheless, as Chen Duxiu's visions for China slowly become reality.[[/labelnote]]

** The L-KMT uprising in Jiangxi and Fujian mirrors the real Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet.
** The Kuomintang in general takes the place of the CCP in real life, having a much stronger left wing faction.
* LaResistance: The Left-KMT guerrillas in Jiangxi-Fujian are a force of resistance against the Qing rule.

** A section of Left KMT troops and some of the Central Committee escaped into Southern Fujian, and went underground. They started waging a guerrilla war on Qing forces.

->'''Role:''' President[[note]]Head of State[[/note]]

That being said, their singular rule over the Kuomintang has been challenged over the last decade or so. The MinGan insurgency has created its own parallel government, while many liberal members of the movement have based themselves in Hawaii. Still, a fracture has been avoided thanks to Wang's careful diplomacy, and in this new revolution he has at last been given an opportunity to free his homeland.[[/note]], Zhōngguó guómíndăng gaizu tóngzhì huì[[note]]When the Kuomintang's left-wing dominated Central Committee fled to Europe following the end of the Northern Expedition, most left-wingers joined the Kuomintang Reorganised Comrades Association (RCA). The RCA, led primarily by Chen Gongbo, but including the closest friends and followers of Wang Jingwei - believes that if the revolution is to be saved, it must be reorganised in the same spirit of 1924. The Kuomintang, in their eyes, must be purged of its excess democratic and reactionary forces; only then will China achieve her national revolution. Once a secret faction amongst the Chinese expatriate community in Europe, with the return of the Central Committee, the RCA has emerged as one of the Kuomintang's two major political parties. They adhere to a model of strict leadership (seeing the Kuomintang as the vanguard of the socialist revolution) and a party for the peasantry, workers, and petite bourgeoisie. They hold warm and cordial ties with the Third Internationale, and many RCA members also hold relations with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. Nonetheless, it is a movement that sees the Chinese Nationalist cause as not just one for China but also one for the entirety of Asia. The RCA runs on a platform that China is the socialist vanguard, spreading the revolution far and wide and liberating the oppressed peoples of Asia from the chains of imperialism. The RCA consists of two wings - the radical wing led by Chen Gongbo and a moderate wing led by Gu Mengyu - with their views differing over issues such as the class base of the party or land reform.[[/note]]

* AllohistoricalAllusion: Wang Jingwei, leader of the Radical Socialist Minsheng Faction of the KMT, proposes the "Wang Jingwei Thought" that desires to create a national social revolution that will change China top-down. This echoes the real life "Mao Zedong Thought", though the specifics of the ideology are quite different.

->'''Role:''' President[[note]]Head of State[[/note]] (Congress election)

In the mountains, Song Qingling, Deng Yanda and others published the "Declaration to the Revolutionary People in China and the World", announcing the formation of the Provisional Action Committee of the Kuomintang to autonomously manage the guerilla zone. This, combined with weakening communications with Wang's government in exile, has created a certain independence within [=MinGan=] cadres, even as the movement has reunited again. Although for now the Kuomintang leadership have made a show of getting along and indeed plenty have freely came and went from [=MinGan=] and Paris throughout the years, some strains have begun to show.[[/note]], Zhōngguó guómíndăng línshí xíngdòng wěiyuánhuì[[note]]The Provisional Action Committee was formed during the League War by those who supported Song Qingling and distrusted the authoritarian nature of the returned Central Committee led by Wang Jingwei. Believing in the notion of achieving total socialism by the workers and the peasantry, the PAC draws its name from its desire for the Kuomintang to take action as a revolutionary vanguard with the masses gaining revolutionary consciousness and taking action as well. The main ideological facets of the PAC is a total social revolution through democratic land reform to reward the land to those who till it, the installation of local self-governments as a result, and the necessity for China to adopt a method of "National Capitalism" to transition China from a feudal society into a socialist one. They see the Third Internationale as a temporary ally but view the Internationale nations as one of suspicion and are generally hostile to working with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. As one of the two major political cliques in the Kuomintang, the PAC seeks to enlighten the masses of China and transform the Chinese proletariat into a force of revolutionary change to entirely defeat the warlords, expel the imperialists, and fulfil the dream of Sun Yat-sen.[[/note]], Zhōngguó Guómíndăng Gémìngwěiyuánhuì[[note]]Over the prolonged period of exile for the Chinese Kuomintang, multiple perspectives and interpretations of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen's visions were formulated - leading to an incoherent overall party line. The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (once known as the Provisional Action Committee), led by Song Qingling, claims that it is the sole inheritor of the true vision of Dr. Sun's ideals - that the Chinese Revolution must also bring socialism for the workers and peasants. The Revolutionary Committee is to be the sole vanguard of the revolution until the era of tutelage is complete. It sees its goals as not just a social revolution for China but also a nationalistic revolution and a democratic revolution - one that genuinely aims to liberate the oppressed masses of the land and to bring the notion of democracy to China. However, the Chinese revolution must be made in the Sun style - it is only through a provisional vanguard that the consciousness of the Chinese proletariat may unquestionably be revolutionised.[[/note]] (As Country Leader)
->'''Ideology:''' Social Democracy, Radical Socialism (As Country Leader)
->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]]A rebel from her youth, Song Qingling explicitly challenged her parents' opposition to her marriage to the late and honourable Dr. Sun Yat-sen, going as far as to run away from home to elope with the revolutionary statesman. Western-educated, fluent in English and Chinese, graceful, elegant, and charitable - she demonstrated her utmost loyalty to the revolutionary cause when she told Sun to flee ahead of the warlord Chen Jiongming's bombardment, despite reportedly suffering a miscarriage and never being able to bear children again. Loyal to his side, she was with Sun when he agreed to work with the Third Internationale and was present at his deathbed when his final will was read aloud. And then came the Northern Expedition, in which she participated in the Northern Expedition, untouchable and unchallenged by anyone within the Kuomintang due to her status as the widow of the great Dr. Sun. But when the expedition failed, she refused to see it as the revolution's failure. Instead, she and other leftist Kuomintang generals fled to the Jiangfu Insurgent Zone, where she spent her time travelling between the insurgent zone and Shanghai to secure aid and support for the guerrilla war against the despicable Zhili Warlords. Serving alongside her had been none other than her close friend - Deng Yanda. The two had been together since the halcyon days of the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government and found themselves united, a brother and a sister in the revolutionary struggle. At last, however, she finds herself merely more than the figurehead of the Jiangfu Zone… no, she has ascended to the Chairwoman of the Kuomintang. Now, she commands not merely the mantle of the Chinese Revolution but the revolution for all oppressed peoples worldwide - the promise and dream of her late husband will finally become a reality.[[/labelnote]]

* RebelLeader: Song Qingling is the leader of the Jiangfu Insurgents.

->'''Role:''' President[[note]]Head of State[[/note]] (Congress election)
->'''Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng zhōnghuá fùxīng shè[[note]]The China Reconstruction Society (CRS) is a clique formed by radical officers of the National Revolutionary Army and holds close ties with Dai Chunfeng's Zhongteju. Led primarily by Hu Zongnan, He Zhongshan, and Deng Wenyi, the CRS emerged as a new political faction following the First National Congress and is especially popular amongst the military's young guard.\\\
Their ideology consists of a host of influences from far-right Savinkovism to Maximist British economic planning, but the Sorelian necessity of violence most inspires them. The CRS sees the complex bureaucratic nature of the Kuomintang to be the party's downfall and wishes to see the party purged of its democratic elements - with the end goal of a party led by a glorious dictator (the lingxu). From there, they envision China to be developed into a highly militarised and equal society with the notion and ideas of class struggle eradicated in favour of a complete totalitarian and socialist nation. They look to China's antiquity and its Confucian order of old as not elements of ancient history but rather a sense of halcyon tranquillity that will eventually be achieved under the rule of the benevolent lingxiu. If China is to be saved, if she is to be liberated, and if she is to become a respected mighty power once more - she will have to be reconstructed from the ground up.[[/note]]

->'''Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng zhōnghuá fùxīng shè[[note]]The China Reconstruction Society (CRS) is a clique formed by radical officers of the National Revolutionary Army and holds close ties with Dai Chunfeng's Zhongteju. Led primarily by Hu Zongnan, He Zhongshan, and Deng Wenyi, the CRS emerged as a new political faction following the First National Congress and is especially popular amongst the military's young guard.\\\
Their ideology consists of a host of influences from far-right Savinkovism to Maximist British economic planning, but the Sorelian necessity of violence most inspires them. The CRS sees the complex bureaucratic nature of the Kuomintang to be the party's downfall and wishes to see the party purged of its democratic elements - with the end goal of a party led by a glorious dictator (the lingxu). From there, they envision China to be developed into a highly militarised and equal society with the notion and ideas of class struggle eradicated in favour of a complete totalitarian and socialist nation. They look to China's antiquity and its Confucian order of old as not elements of ancient history but rather a sense of halcyon tranquillity that will eventually be achieved under the rule of the benevolent lingxiu. If China is to be saved, if she is to be liberated, and if she is to become a respected mighty power once more - she will have to be reconstructed from the ground up.[[/note]]

->'''Role:''' Premier[[note]]Head of Government[[/note]] (Countercoup)
->'''Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng gaizu tóngzhì huì[[note]]Reorganised Comrades Association of the Kuomintang: When the Kuomintang's left-wing dominated Central Committee fled to Europe following the end of the Northern Expedition, most left-wingers joined the Kuomintang Reorganised Comrades Association (RCA). The RCA, led primarily by Chen Gongbo, but including the closest friends and followers of Wang Jingwei - believes that if the revolution is to be saved, it must be reorganised in the same spirit as 1924. The Kuomintang, in their eyes, must be purged of its excess democratic and reactionary forces; only then will China achieve her national revolution.\n\nOnce a secret faction amongst the Chinese expatriate community in Europe, with the return of the Central Committee, the RCA has emerged as one of the Kuomintang's two major political parties. They adhere to a model of strict leadership (seeing the Kuomintang as the vanguard of the socialist revolution) and a party for the peasantry, workers, and petite bourgeoisie. They hold warm and cordial ties with the Third Internationale, and many RCA members also hold relations with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. Nonetheless, it is a movement that sees the Chinese Nationalist cause as not just one for China but also one for the entirety of Asia. The RCA runs on a platform that China is the socialist vanguard, spreading the revolution far and wide and liberating the oppressed peoples of Asia from the chains of imperialism. The RCA consists of two wings - the radical wing led by Chen Gongbo and a moderate wing led by Gu Mengyu - with their views differing over issues such as the class base of the party or land reform.[[/note]]

->'''Party:''' KMT-Liberals, Guómíndăng qiáowù wěiyuánhuì[[note]]A relatively minor but influential lobby within the Kuomintang, the Overseas Chinese Commission was formed by Sun Fo (the son of the late Dr. Sun), Lian Shanghai, Liang Hanchao, and other Chinese expatriates who fled to non-socialist countries during the exile of the Kuomintang. As a result, many of these party members come from Hawaii, the United States, or Southeast Asia and represent the greater international diaspora of the Chinese community. They are ideologically not socialist but regard themselves as the party's centre-left wing and are known for their inclination towards democracy.[[/note]] (Formed the Opposition)

->'''Party:''' Zhongguó gōng tuán dang[[note]]The Chinese Syndicalist Party does not belong to the Kuomintang, even though many of its members hold close ties and believe in the "Sun Yat-sen" model of revolution. Nonetheless, they are allowed to participate in the Kuomintang's National Revolution as part of the Kuomintang's agreement with the Third Internationale for support.\\\

The League of Eight Provinces is the domain of Sun Chuanfang, the Nanjing-based leader of the Southern Zhili clique. Originally the League of Five Provinces, Sun seized KMT provinces after the failed Northern Expedition to form the League of Eight Provinces. Sun is an ambitious man, and has exploited Wu's reluctance for concessions to make exploitative deals with Germany, leasing out port cities for arms and capital. This has enriched Sun massively, but also created deep resenments from locals, which may soon come back to haunt him.

Yunnan was known for its loyalty to Chinese republicanism, and the Yunnan Military Academy trained many generals in the KMT's National Revolutionary Army. However, Yunnan's current leader Tang Jiyao is an ambitious warlord disinterested in backing his KMT rivals, and had to be pressured by his subordinates to accept the NRA remnants into Yunnan after the KMT's collapse.\\\
By 1936, Yunnan stands at a crossroads: Tang has remained ambitious and desires to conquer his neighbors, but his generals are becoming increasingly factionalized, and the NRA remnants are seeking a return to power. A spectacular power struggle is a near certainty in Yunnan's immediate future.

The Ma families ruling over Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia are Hui Chinese generals who strongly believe in Chinese nationalism. Though their individual members have differing outlooks and allegiances, the Ma cliques had respected the nationalist governments of both the Beiyang Republic and the Qing Empire, and saw themselves as the protectors of Northwest China. As Tibet and Mongolia slips from Chinese control, the Ma cliques aims to restore Chinese rule over the rogue provinces and pacify Northwest China.

Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang was supposed to bring down the warlord-dominated Beiyang government in Northern Expedition, but instead found itself struck down by German imperialists, who feared the Syndicalist-supported leftist wings of the KMT. Fragmented but not extinguished, the Left-KMT reorganized themselves in the mountains of Jiangxi and Fujian under Dr. Sun's wife Song Qingling, forming the "Jiangfu Insurgent Zone" under the noses of Sun Chuanfang's dogs. Gathering support from the Chinese proletariat, the restored KMT aims to topple the rule of the warlords and create a truly free and independent China.

->'''Ruling Party:''' Central Committee of the Kuomintang[[note]]After the failure of the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee formed a government tin exile in Paris. Led by Wang Jingwei as their party chairman and president of the so-called Republic, they have successfully secured the cont continued recognition of their hosts in the Internationale. In that time, the Reorganised Comrades Association - a group founded by supporters of Wang Jingwei (albeit without Wang's direct participation) has consolidated their grip over the party apparatus.\\\

->'''Official Name:''' MinGan Insurgency (League War), National Revolutionary Government (End of the First Repatriated Congress), Republic of China (Chinese Reunification)

->'''Official Name:''' Left Kuomintang, National Revolutionary Government (End of the First Repatriated Congress), Republic of China (Chinese Reunification)

* TheCoup: The Totalist path involves him launching a coup against the victorious KMT; after the KMT emerges victorious in China, if they choose the policies opposite to the plan decided at the 1st Congress, the [=ZhongTeJu=] will be angered and coup the KMT leaders to impose order.

* CommieNazis: Dai Li is an interesting case of a non-Charter-affiliated Totalist leader whose rule in-game contains both left-wing and right-wing elements. In real life, Dai Li was firmly in the right-KMT, and even led a secret fascist faction in the KMT called the Blue Shirts Society. In ''Kaiserreich'', Dai Li has adapted to the party's drift to the left wing, working with the L-KMT to maintain his political influence. His rule after his coup demonstrates his real right-wing beliefs, promoting autarky and the neo-Confucian New Life Movement. However, as he puppets the government instead of outright replacing it, the government is still nominally left-wing, resulting in Dai Li being classified as a Totalist in the mod.
* TheManBehindTheMan: Dai Li doesn't directly take over China, but instead puppets the government through his intelligence agency.

->'''Ideology:''' Radical Socialiam

A Turkic khanate lying on the eastern corner of Xinjiang, who had survived through the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China as a Chinese protectorate. Though a primitive monarchy, the Khanate acted as a stabilizing factor in Xinjiang, showing the possibility of peaceful Turkic self-rule respected by the Chinese. However, when Jin Shuren acts to abolish the khanate and Sinicize the territory, the enraged Kumulliks rise up in rebellion, firing off the first shot in the bloody Xinjiang Wars.

Ma Zhongying is known by many nicknames, none of them good. "The Butcher of Gansu", "The Child General", "The Fourth Horseman". The Ma family outcast was young, ambitious, and brutal. He came to prominence during his brutal raids against the Guominjun in Gansu, and was later exiled by the Ma Clique after he turned on them and tried to seize power for himself. When the Kumul Revolt breaks out, Yulbars Khan came to Ma clique territory to find someone willing to provide military support. Ma Zhongying, seeing a chance to expand his powers, accepted Yulbars' plea.

* HistoricalVillainUpgrade: Ma Zhongying's brutal incursion into Xinjiang in real life can at least be partially attributed to his extreme Chinese nationalism, due to following the KMT (in an extremist Ma family kind of way). In ''Kaiserreich'', Ma Zhongying is ''not'' in the KMT, and doesn't care about Chinese nationalism at all. His conquests are entirely in service of his need for revenge and personal ambition.

The Kumul Khanate, lying on the eastern corner of Xinjiang, was a Turkic khanate established during the Dzungar-Qing War in the 18th century, when Kumul leaders offered themselves to the Qing to preserve their rule. Kumul survived as a protectorate through the Xinhai Revolution, and acted as a stabilizing factor in Xinjiang, showing the possibility of peaceful Turkic self-rule respected by the Chinese.
The previous leader of Kumul, Maqsud Shah, was an autocrat, whose raising of the ''corvée'' (forced unpaid labor) led to two uprisings in 1907 and 1912. After Maqsud died in 1930, his son Nasīr succeeded him. Nasīr is more open to reforms to protect his rule, but before he can do that, Jin Shuren throws a spanner into the works.
Jin Shuren desires to abolish the khanate and integrate it into Xinjiang as Hami ("Kumul" in Chinese). Kumul had been closed to Chinese immigration, and Jin Shuren wants to open it up. While Nasīr is in no position to object, the people are, and they are enraged by the actions of the Chinese. Under the lead of Nasīr's right-hand man Yulbars Khan, the people of Kumul rebel against the Chinese in an attempt to restore the rule of the Khanate.

An international mandate that governs former British concessions in China, with additional ''de facto'' control over the concessions' surrounding cities due to the provision of a large "neutral zone" around the concessions. It was created in the 1928 Shanghai Conference, where America mediated between Germany and Japan, who had been engaging in a violent scramble for Britain's Chinese concessions. The mandate precariously balances its existence on a thin line between the interests of the Great Powers and rising Chinese nationalism.

The International Mandate for the Chinese Concessions, commonly known as Legation Cities, is an international authority that governs former British possessions on the Chinese coast, modeled on the Shanghai International Settlement. Following the collapse of the British Empire, Germany and Japan both found an opening to further their interests in East Asia. With the rest of China still deadlocked between warring factions, Japanese and German troops scrambled to occupy the former British concessions in the name of "protection", escalating tensions between Berlin and Tokyo.
Following the Jade Wind Incident of 1928, when German and Japanese forces directly clashed with each other, the United States organized the Shanghai Conference to negotiate a ceasefire. The International Mandate was created to balance international interests and maintain the USA's Open Door Policy. Cities in the Mandate are governed by their own governor or council, but all would answer to the Legation Council, an international council of ambassadors representing the interests of all member countries. While the Legation Cities are at peace for now, the Council regularly fails to achieve any consensus due to the conflicting interests of Germany and Japan, whose diplomatic cold war could reignite tensions in the future.

The formerly Qing-ruled Outer Mongolia declared independence in the Xinhai Revolution as the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, but was occupied by Republican China as its claimed territory. However, the country found Russian support, and one eccentric Russian warlord, Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, came to its aid and expelled the Chinese. Graced with ceremonial powers by the Bogd Khan, Ungern stayed in Mongolia to become its warlord, ruthlessly prosecuting the enemies of the Bogd Khan. By 1936 however, much has changed and new problems are arising in Mongolia, and it is unclear just how much longer can the Mad Baron stay in power.

Baron Ungern was a commander in the Weltkrieg and under the Whites in the Russian Civil War, where he became known for his brutality, corruption, and eccentricity. In 1921, Ungern entered Mongolia and restored the Bogd Khan, and stayed in the country to keep its peace through force, and even took the position of regent following the Bogd Khan's death. Since then, his rule has become increasingly challenged, and he may have to escalate his actions if he wants to hold onto power.

->'''Ruling Party:''' Hexie Shetuan[[note]]Harmony Association[[/note]]

->'''Party:''' Mongol Ardin Nam[[note]]Mongolian People's Party[[/note]] (Radical Wing)

->'''Party:''' Mongol Ardin Nam[[note]]Mongolian People's Party[[/note]] (Syndicalist Wing)

->'''Party:''' Mongol Ardin Nam[[note]]Mongolian People's Party[[/note]] (Militarist Wing)

->'''Official Name:''' Fengtian Government, Republic of China (Unification), Manchuria (Non-Japanese Puppet), Manchurian Worker's Federation (Syndicalist Puppet)

->'''Ruling Party:''' Guangfuxi[[note]]Recovery League[[/note]]

->'''Party:''' Guangfuxi[[note]]Recovery League[[/note]]

->'''Party:''' Zhanghui[[note]]Zhang Clique[[/note]]

->'''Official Name:''' Republic of China
->'''Ruling Party:''' Guangfuxi

->'''Party:''' Guangfuxi

->'''Party:''' Zhanghui

->'''Role:''' Chairman[[note]]Head of State[[/note]] (Released by Syndicalist country)
->'''Party:''' Northeastern Syndicalist Party
->'''Ideology:''' Syndicalism

->'''Ideology:''' Authoritarian Democracy

!!''9th Panchen Lama''
[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/pachen_lama.png]]

->'''Party:''' Tibet Improvement Party
->'''Ideology:''' Social Democracy
->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]]The 9th Panchen Lama was born Choekyi Nyima into the Thuben class in Shigatse, Tibet. Raised and educated by the prestigious Tashi Lhunpo Monastery, the young Choekyi Nyima was predestined to be the 'Great Scholar' under the Dalai Lama. He was for a time well respected by the Ganden Phodrang. As a young scholar, the 9th Panchen Lama met with radical lama Agvan Dorzhiev. Teaching him the Prayer to Shambhala. This prayer was intended to collect the allies of Buddhism together to the center of the world, the fictional city of Shambhala. Political realities came in 1924 when the 13th Dalai Lama was modernising his army. The Dalai Lama demanded more taxation from the Panchen Lama as part of his feudal duties. When the Panchen Lama refused, The Dalai Lama cut off the Tashi Lhunpo Monastery and confiscated the Panchen Lama's property. The resulting conflict forced the Panchen Lama to flee Tibet to Mongolia in 1924.\\
The Panchen Lama, seeing Mongolia as unable to aid in his return under Baron Ungern, left for Bharatiya in 1931. In Bharatiya, the Panchen Lama connected with the other exiled Tibetan nobles Pandatsang Rapga and Thubten Kunphela. These two exiles had connection in Kham, and had aligned themselves with exiled KMT generals to form the Tibet Improvement Party. The Panchen Lama, seeing no other way to return to Tibet save for an invasion, joined the Tibet Improvement Party. He began publishing commentaries of Sun Yat Sen's Three Principles of the People. The storm of the revolution saw the Panchen Lama promise to preserve the existence of the Ganden Phodrang while removing their ability to choose the Kashag.[[/labelnote]]

!!''Tsipön Lungshar''
[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/portrait_tib_tsipon_lungshar.png]]

->'''Party:''' Kyicho Kuntun
->'''Ideology:''' Social Liberalism
->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]]Tsipön Lungshar comes from a family that has served the Dalai Lama since the 18th century, and has deep connections to Lhasa. Lungshar was chosen to supervise the elite education of four nobles called the 'Rugby Four' in the UK prior to the outbreak of the Weltkrieg. Lungshar stood in between the more radical nobles like Thuben Kunphela and Trimön in the early years Regency. It was Lungshar who accused Thuben Kunphela of of orchestrating a foreign infiltration of Tibet in 1933, leading to his exile. to his exile. However, Lungshar also opposed the power of the Regency, especially their strongman Trimön. Trimön orchestrated a trial where Lungshar was accused of being a socialist, then blinded before being exiled to Sikkim. The revolution saved Lungshar's life, and enabled him to return to Tibet and found the Kyicho Kuntun, a moderate political party that wishes to balance the needs of democracy with the traditions of Tibet.[[/labelnote]]

!!''Dalai Lama''
[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/dalai_lama.png]]
->'''Role:''' Dalai Lama[[note]]Head of State[[/note]]
->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]]The child named Lhamo Thondup grew up in the small village of Taktser in Amdo, a highly contentious region. The child was the youngest of seven, including his brother, Thubten Jigme Norbu, who had been recognised as the Takster Rinpoche in 1925. The young Dalai Lama was chosen after the Regent's vision that the new Dalai Lama was born in Amdo. The young Dalai Lama was taken to Lhasa where he will be instructed in the coming years in all aspects of Tibetan Buddhism, and slowly given influence from the regency.[[/labelnote]]
----

->'''Ideology:''' Totalism

[[/folder]]
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->'''Official Name:''' Great Mongolian State, Mongolian Autonomy (KMT puppet state)

->'''Role:''' Head of State (Puppet state)

%%->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]][[/labelnote]]

%%* AllohistoricalAllusion: Wang Jingwei, leader of the Radical Socialist Minsheng Faction of the KMT, proposes the "Wang Jingwei Thought" that desires to create a national social revolution that will change China top-down. This echoes the real life "Mao Zedong Thought", though the specifics of the ideology are quite different.

->'''Role:''' Chairman[[note]]Head of State[[/note]]

%%->'''In-Game Biography:'''

%%->'''In-Game Biography:'''

%%* CommieNazis: Dai Li is an interesting case of a non-Charter-affiliated Totalist leader whose rule in-game contains both left-wing and right-wing elements. In real life, Dai Li was firmly in the right-KMT, and even led a secret fascist faction in the KMT called the Blue Shirts Society. In ''Kaiserreich'', Dai Li has adapted to the party's drift to the left wing, working with the L-KMT to maintain his political influence. His rule after his coup demonstrates his real right-wing beliefs, promoting autarky and the neo-Confucian New Life Movement. However, as he puppets the government instead of outright replacing it, the government is still nominally left-wing, resulting in Dai Li being classified as a Totalist in the mod.

!!''Zeng Zhongming ''
->'''Role:''' President[[note]]Head of State[[/note]] (Gongbo-led countercoup)
%%->'''Party:'''
->'''Ideology:''' Radical Socialism

->'''Role:''' Premier[[note]]Head of Government[[/note]] (Zhongming cabinet)
%%->'''Party:'''

->'''Official Name:''' East Turkestan

->'''Role:''' Head of State (Elections)

->'''Ideology:''' Social Democracy

->'''Role:''' Head of State

->'''Role:''' Head of State (Congress election)

->'''Role:''' Head of State (Congress election)

->'''Ruling Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng gaizu tóngzhì huì[[note]]Reorganized Comrades Association of the Kuomintang[[/note]]

->'''Ruling Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng gaizu tóngzhì huì[[note]]When the Kuomintang's left-wing dominated Central Committee fled to Europe following the end of the Northern Expedition, most left-wingers joined the Kuomintang Reorganised Comrades Association (RCA). The RCA, led primarily by Chen Gongbo, but including the closest friends and followers of Wang Jingwei - believes that if the revolution is to be saved, it must be reorganised in the same spirit of 1924. The Kuomintang, in their eyes, must be purged of its excess democratic and reactionary forces; only then will China achieve her national revolution. Once a secret faction amongst the Chinese expatriate community in Europe, with the return of the Central Committee, the RCA has emerged as one of the Kuomintang's two major political parties. They adhere to a model of strict leadership (seeing the Kuomintang as the vanguard of the socialist revolution) and a party for the peasantry, workers, and petite bourgeoisie. They hold warm and cordial ties with the Third Internationale, and many RCA members also hold relations with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. Nonetheless, it is a movement that sees the Chinese Nationalist cause as not just one for China but also one for the entirety of Asia. The RCA runs on a platform that China is the socialist vanguard, spreading the revolution far and wide and liberating the oppressed peoples of Asia from the chains of imperialism. The RCA consists of two wings - the radical wing led by Chen Gongbo and a moderate wing led by Gu Mengyu - with their views differing over issues such as the class base of the party or land reform.[[/note]]

->'''In-Game Biography''' [[labelnote:Click to Show]]In his youth, Wang Jingwei was enamoured with the lives of Saigo Takamori and Katsu Kaishu, seeing them as model men who transformed Japan from a backwater into an industrial nation. How can it be that China is so stagnant, he wondered - turning to the works of Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen. In the latter, he saw a beloved mentor, and in Sun Yat-sen's Tongmenghui, he exploded into national prominence when he attempted to assassinate the Zaifeng regent (father of Emperor Puyi), although he failed and was imprisoned. When the Xinhai Revolution broke out, Wang was freed, but he refused to swear an oath of loyalty to the disillusioned Sun, who had found himself sidelined by national politics and the warlords. He instead travelled to France but returned shortly when Sun returned to Guangzhou in 1921 to participate in the newly revived revolutionary government. Wang was present at the party's reorganisation in 1924 and it was here that he began to represent the party's leftist wing, although he hardly fancied himself as a socialist ideologue. When Sun died in 1925, it was Wang that was present on his deathbed in writing his will.\\\
The triumvirate of Hu Hanmin, Chiang Kai-shek, and Wang Jingwei quickly became one of Kuomintang's most contested and bitter power struggles. However, following Hu Hanmin's assassination in 1925 and Chiang Kai-shek's assassination following the failure of the Northern Expedition, Wang finally achieved his birthright of becoming Sun's rightful successor. But the collapse of the expedition forced him and his closest political allies to flee to Europe in the hopes of one day returning to carry out Sun's will. In exile, he has emerged as the de-facto leader of the Kuomintang's Central Committee, far and often distant from the Jiangfu insurgency on the mainland.\\\
At last, he has returned and claimed his birthright as Chairman of the Kuomintang. With a cadre of loyal supporters in his time and exile and his pragmatic desires to work with his syndicalist allies, Wang will have to be ruthless and willing - if he is to secure the position of Dr. Sun's rightful successor.[[/labelnote]]

->'''Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng línshí xíngdòng wěiyuánhuì[[note]]The Provisional Action Committee was formed during the League War by those who supported Song Qingling and distrusted the authoritarian nature of the returned Central Committee led by Wang Jingwei. Believing in the notion of achieving total socialism by the workers and the peasantry, the PAC draws its name from its desire for the Kuomintang to take action as a revolutionary vanguard with the masses gaining revolutionary consciousness and taking action as well. The main ideological facets of the PAC is a total social revolution through democratic land reform to reward the land to those who till it, the installation of local self-governments as a result, and the necessity for China to adopt a method of "National Capitalism" to transition China from a feudal society into a socialist one. They see the Third Internationale as a temporary ally but view the Internationale nations as one of suspicion and are generally hostile to working with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. As one of the two major political cliques in the Kuomintang, the PAC seeks to enlighten the masses of China and transform the Chinese proletariat into a force of revolutionary change to entirely defeat the warlords, expel the imperialists, and fulfil the dream of Sun Yat-sen.[[/note]], Zhōngguó Guómíndăng Gémìngwěiyuánhuì[[note]]Over the prolonged period of exile for the Chinese Kuomintang, multiple perspectives and interpretations of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen's visions were formulated - leading to an incoherent overall party line. The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (once known as the Provisional Action Committee), led by Song Qingling, claims that it is the sole inheritor of the true vision of Dr. Sun's ideals - that the Chinese Revolution must also bring socialism for the workers and peasants. The Revolutionary Committee is to be the sole vanguard of the revolution until the era of tutelage is complete. It sees its goals as not just a social revolution for China but also a nationalistic revolution and a democratic revolution - one that genuinely aims to liberate the oppressed masses of the land and to bring the notion of democracy to China. However, the Chinese revolution must be made in the Sun style - it is only through a provisional vanguard that the consciousness of the Chinese proletariat may unquestionably be revolutionised.[[/note]] (As Country Leader)

->'''Party:''' Dihua Governorship

[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/kr_tang_shengzhi.png]]

[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/portrait_chi_wang_jingwei.png]]

* TheRemnant: If the KMT was utterly destroyed, but the Federalists or a negotiation-inclined Fengtian Government triumphed, Song Qingling will lead the KMT remnants to negotiate with the new government and find a seat in the new political spectrum.

[[quoteright:156:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/portrait_yunnan_li_zongren.png]]

->'''Party:''' New Guangxi Clique[[note]]Li Zongren's New Guangxi Clique briefly ruled during the Northern Expedition, where the National Revolutionary Army's Seventh Army distinguished itself despite the campaign's failure. The New Guangxi Clique represents the Kuomintang's militarist right-wing, believing in the NRA's supremacy and the importance of Sun Yat-sen's First and Second Stages of Revolution: Overthrowing the old system by force and the army's interim rule of China.[[/note]], Whampoa Clique[[note]]During his leadership as the headmaster of Whampoa Military Academy, the late Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek created a cult following amongst his right-wing students. They are also heavily influenced by the right-wing
ideologue of the Kuomintang, Dai Jitao and are considered to be the far-right of the Kuomintang. With the empowerment of the right-wing of the Kuomintang organisation, the Whampoa Clique finds itself growing in strength daily as more and more radical students fall to the lure of its militaristic tone of revolution.[[/note]] (Political Tutelage continues and Chen Brothers joined R-KMT)

-->'''Federalist (Chen Jiongming):''' Guangzhou Federal Government (Unification Path), United Provinces of China (Chinese Reunification)
-->'''Left-KMT (Chen Mingshu):''' Liangguang People's Government
-->'''Right-KMT (Li Zongren):''' Liangguang Military Government, Republic of China (Chinese Reunification)
-->'''Old Guangxi Clique (Ma Ji):''' Guangxi Clique
-->'''Merchants' Corps (Chen Lianbo):''' Guangdong Clique

->'''Role:''' Military Commander, Governor-General[[note]]Head of State[[/note]]

->'''In-Game Biography''' (Military Commander) [[labelnote:Click to Show]]Born: January 18th 1878, in Haifeng, Guangdong, Qing Empire\\

->'''Party:''' Productive People's Party

->'''Party:''' New Guangxi Clique[[note]]Li Zongren's New Guangxi Clique briefly ruled during the Northern Expedition, where the National Revolutionary Army's Seventh Army distinguished itself despite the campaign's failure. The New Guangxi Clique represents the Kuomintang's militarist right-wing, believing in the NRA's supremacy and the importance of Sun Yat-sen's First and Second Stages of Revolution: Overthrowing the old system by force and the army's interim rule of China.[[/note]]
->'''Ideology:''' Authoritarian Democracy

->'''Party:''' Zhōngguó guómíndăng línshí xíngdòng wěiyuánhuì[[note]]The Provisional Action Committee was formed during the League War by those who supported Song Qingling and distrusted the authoritarian nature of the returned Central Committee led by Wang Jingwei. Believing in the notion of achieving total socialism by the workers and the peasantry, the PAC draws its name from its desire for the Kuomintang to take action as a revolutionary vanguard with the masses gaining revolutionary consciousness and taking action as well.The main ideological facets of the PAC is a total social revolution through democratic land reform to reward the land to those who till it, the installation of local self-governments as a result, and the necessity for China to adopt a method of "National Capitalism" to transition China from a feudal society into a socialist one. They see the Third Internationale as a temporary ally but view the Internationale nations as one of suspicion and are generally hostile to working with the Chinese Syndicalist Party. As one of the two major political cliques in the Kuomintang, the PAC seeks to enlighten the masses of China and transform the Chinese proletariat into a force of revolutionary change to entirely defeat the warlords, expel the imperialists, and fulfil the dream of Sun Yat-sen.[[/note]], Zhōngguó Guómíndăng Gémìngwěiyuánhuì[[note]]Over the prolonged period of exile for the Chinese Kuomintang, multiple perspectives and interpretations of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen's visions were formulated - leading to an incoherent overall party line. The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (once known as the Provisional Action Committee), led by Song Qingling, claims that it is the sole inheritor of the true vision of Dr. Sun's ideals - that the Chinese Revolution must also bring socialism for the workers and peasants. The Revolutionary Committee is to be the sole vanguard of the revolution until the era of tutelage is complete. It sees its goals as not just a social revolution for China but also a nationalistic revolution and a democratic revolution - one that genuinely aims to liberate the oppressed masses of the land and to bring the notion of democracy to China. However, the Chinese revolution must be made in the Sun style - it is only through a provisional vanguard that the consciousness of the Chinese proletariat may unquestionably be revolutionised.[[/note]] (As Country Leader)

[[caption-width-right:156:[[labelnote:Chen Jiongming as a General]] https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/portrait_gxc_chen_jiongming_army_7.png[[/labelnote]]]]

[[center: [-'''[[Characters/KaiserreichLegacyOfTheWeltkrieg Character Index]]''' | [[Characters/{{KaiserreichAfrica}} Africa]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichAmerica America]] ([[Characters/KaiserreichUSA USA]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichBrazil Brazil]]) | [[Characters/KaiserreichAsiaAndOceania Asia & Oceania]] ('''China''') | [[Characters/KaiserreichEurope Europe]] ([[Characters/KaiserreichItaly Italy]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichBalkans Balkans]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichGermany Germany]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichEasternEurope Eastern Europe]] | [[Characters/KaiserreichRussia Russia]])]]-]