Nikki Reed (Rosalie Hale): So, Kristen, there must be something really special about you for Robert to take such a liking to you and risk the lives of his entire family. Tell us about yourself. Kristen Stewart (Bella Swan): Me? Oh, no. I'm just a hollow placeholder for all of the teenage girls in the audience to project their personalities onto. I have none of my own whatsoever.
A character who the audience (or the children in the audience) doesn't just sympathize with, but are supposed to actively see themselves as — by desire, by default, or by author inference.
Ryuk, in Death Note, is the character who's in it for the same reason as the audience is: Gambit Pileups are fun to watch.
That and the sheer unadulterated joy of watching Light finally crash and burn.
Kirie serves this purpose in Uzumaki: asking the necessary questions as well as witnessing all the strange goings on in her cursed town; and her love interest, Suichi, plays the role of Author Avatar, providing many of the answers that would have been difficult to provide otherwise.
Saten Ruiko from To Aru Kagaku no Railgun is pretty much the only unambiguously normal person of the main cast.
In the fist half of Fist of the North Star, Bat and Lin both seem to exist mainly to have someone for Kenshiro to provide exposition during a sudden plot development.
Naïve Newcomer Rakka serves as the audience surrogate in Haibane Renmei, as the other characters explain how the world of the show works and what the Haibane are to the audience through her.
Comic Books
Robin was introduced to the Batman comic in order to appeal to the young audience who bought the comic.
Presumably, Jimmy Olsen existed for the same reason: to be Superman's normal, youthful buddy.
Any reader-insert fanfiction, meaning the main character isn't often given a name and is addressed as "You" in the narrative, and "Your Name" in the dialogue. Amusingly, some of the reader-inserts have more personality than non-reader inserts.
Director Bruce Robinson used this trope so literally that the second half of his titular duo in Withnail & I doesn't even get a name. Paul McGann's character (credited as "...& I" in the credits, but revealed to be named "Marwood" in the script) is never named in the course of the film, allowing the audience to more easily identify with his misfortunes.
Joe Black in Meet Joe Black, particularly at the beginning (when he serves as the exploratory vehicle within Bill Paxton's estate), and the end, when he tears up watching the party-farewells and acts as the receptacle for Bill's summative reflections - essentially parroting the anticipated reaction of the audience watching the end of the movie.
A refreshing example from Inception is Ariadne, who doesn't sit there, ask questions and let others do the work for her. She adapted easily to the dream world and was the one to find out about Cobb's wife infiltrating his mind, afterward actively trying to help Cobb. Then, it was her idea to go into the fourth level after Cobb and Eames had given up. In other words, she is the character that behaves as the audience would if they were in her place.
In his introduction to The Book of Lost Tales, Christopher Tolkien supposes that the reason The Silmarillion was less popular than The Lord of the Rings is that it lacked an Audience Surrogate. In fact, the original draft of The Silmarillion (the Lost Tales) actually did have an Audience Surrogate—a Man named ?fwine of England to whom the tales of the First Age were narrated by the Elves.
Bella of Twilight has no personality of her own and the story is told in the first person so the audience can project themselves onto her very easily.
Firestorm in Less Than Three Comics' Brat Pack. Even though he should be the opposite, what with his family upbringing and all. Sometimes Mr Perfect will take this role.
Italo Calvino's If on a winter's night a traveler, written almost entirely in the second person, is centered around two readers: one as a stand-in for male readers, another for female.
Cindel Towani, the little girl in the Ewok TV movies.
In Doctor Who, the companions pretty much exist for this role, when they aren't The Watson. Which may explain the Broken Base when it comes to companion opinions, since people can take insults to the characters very personally.
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood: When Fred Rogers is alone with the camera, he's a parental character. But when he's with a friend, they become the parental figure and Mr. Rogers becomes a child on behalf of the audience.
Penny fills this role for non-geeky fans of The Big Bang Theory. Whenever one of the guys makes an obscure reference to something in geek culture, Penny's always there to sarcastically ask what the heck they're talking about, when many viewers were wondering the exact same thing.
Jim's mugging for the camera on The Office often reflects how the audience perceives the ridiculous events on screen.
LOST did this a couple times to acknowledge fans' desire for answers. In season 1, Hurley gets frustrated at one point with all the mysterious happenings on the Island, saying that he wants answers. Then, in the epilogue, "The New Man in Charge," Ben comes to visit the guys at the DHARMA packing plant. As he turns to go, one of them says "Wait! You can't just leave without giving us any answers!" which is exactly what the viewers were all thinking at that point.
Theatre
The Tramp in The Insect Play.
Web Animation
Raimi Matthews of Broken Saints fame fits this pretty well, especially for American audiences (even though he's actually Canadian-American...)
Web Original
Sophie in KateModern, a minor character who is a fan of Kate's videos. On her Bebo profile, she would often break the Fourth Wall to directly communicate with "other" fans.
Ahsoka in Star Wars: The Clone Wars: a child, not having learned yet all she needs in order to survive in the universe, suddenly thrust into a life of excitement and adventure (and, more importantly, authority [at least, in her own mind] over more experienced adults). Isn't that what lots of kids fantasize about (among other things)?
Spike from My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic seems to be a surrogate for the Periphery Demographic, being The One Guy and all. Case in point, the end of the episode "The Ticket Master", where he complains that he's not interested in going to the Grand Galloping Gala, but is secretly delighted about getting an invitation.
Beast Boy acts as this sometimes in Teen Titans. As the youngest, and the least smart, he sometimes has the science-y stuff explained to him by his more educated teammates (e.g. the Chromaton Detonator in Apprentice: Part One, Xenothium in X).
Yeardley Smith is this for the viewer of the Simpsons Movie. In the commentary, she asks questions about shooting techniques and the like that other commentators refer to.
Frank Grimes in the infamous eighth-season Simpsons episode "Homer's Enemy". The character's sole purpose was to represent a realistic person from our universe — accustomed to toil, pressures and hardship with little, if anything, to show for it — transplanted into a universe that caters to and rewards the lazy and stupid, and how it would understandably drive him/her absolutely insane.
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