Line #69 UsefulNotes/Palestine


1	[[quoteright:327:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/wa_img_futureleb_map_palestinianterr_1139.gif]]
2	The territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, are a disputed territory between UsefulNotes/{{Israel}} and the government of the Palestinian Territories, the Palestinian Authority, which names its administrative area "the State of Palestine" ('''Arabic:''' دولة فلسطين ''Dawlat Filisṭīn''). The Palestinians also claim East UsefulNotes/{{Jerusalem}}, while some claim all of Israel as well.
3
4	From a historic and cultural standpoint, the Palestinians as a nation were molded up from a variety of peoples who made the region their home throughout millennia. The Arab invasion of the 7th century changed the lingua franca, culture, and some settlement patterns of the region, but for the most part the indigenous communities were same old same old, and yes, the majority of them did consist of Jews. In layman's terms, the Palestinians are mostly descended from (Mizrahi) Jews of Levant, and their closest relatives are the Mizrahi Jews who still live in the area (this makes the conflict even more tragic and also ironic).
5
6	The origins of the modern concept of a Palestinian state originate in the 1947 UN partition plan dividing British Palestine between Israel and a theoretical Arab state. However, many of the Arab leaders opposed giving Israel such a state in Palestine, and when Israel declared independence in 1948, the Arab countries, fearing that the Israelis might occupy the whole former British Palestine, declared war on Israel in the first UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict. The Palestinian Arabs fought with militia groups alongside the Egyptians, Jordanians, Syrians, and Lebanese. When a ceasefire was imposed, the Egyptians occupied what is now the Gaza Strip and Jordan annexed what is now the West Bank. While some accepted Israel's sovereignty and were allowed to remain, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who refused to recognize the new country fled or were expelled, settling in nearby countries. Many (along with their descendants) remain in a stateless limbo. Jerusalem was divided into two, the Israeli West and the Jordanian East, including the Temple Mount.
7
8	When the Six Day War occurred in 1967, the Israelis captured East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.[[note]]Plus Syria's Golan Heights and Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, therefore temporarily ''quadrupling'' the country's territory. Eventually, Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt after the 1973 war, but still occupies the Golam Heights today, to Syria's consternation.[[/note]] Needless to say, many of the Palestinian Arabs are not amused. Some groups, one of them the Fatah group led by Yassir Arafat, fought a campaign against Israel, using guerrilla tactics, but also using terrorist warfare like hijacking and bombing Israeli cities. In the late 1970s and 80s, Menachem Begin formally included the Palestinian territories as Israel and they are considered as such on Israeli maps of that time. Jordan formally surrendered its claim on the West Bank after Egypt had all but renounced it earlier at the Camp David talks. The Intifada of 1987 erupted against Israeli control, though it was marred by violence from left to right. In 1994 the Oslo peace accords between Arafat (now the leader of the Palestinian National Authority) and Israeli PM Yitzhak Rabin had set a timetable on a future Palestinian state. However, there were many issues that remained to be solved like the Israeli settlements, the remaining Palestinian refugees, East Jerusalem, etc. that are unresolved to this day, and this caused a second Intifada in 2000.
9
10	In 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew from the Gaza Strip due to many Israeli soldiers being killed there. At the same time, the PNA suffered from civil war when Hamas occupied the Gaza Strip. The two territories split up, with Mahmoud Abbas of Fatah being recognized as the legitimate leader of Palestine, though, effectively, he only has a say in the West Bank. As a result of this, Gaza Strip is currently blockaded from all sides, including Egypt, which refuses to recognize Hamas due to its association with the Muslim Brotherhood, which it considers a terrorist organization.
11
12	Currently the Palestinian state self-proclaimed in 1988 is recognized by 136 UN members, including two members of the UN Security Council (China and Russia), but not by the Anglophone countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), most of Western Europe, Mexico, Japan, and South Korea. The PA is a UsefulNotes/UnitedNations observer member, granted such status in 2012 despite Israeli protests. ''De facto'', Israel controls the West Bank, though it does allow the Palestinian National Authority a limited role in overseeing the day-to-day affairs of West Bank settlements. Israel itself designates the West Bank as the district of Judea and Samaria Area ('''Hebrew''': אֵזוֹר יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן ''Ezor Yehuda [=VeShomron=]'', '''Arabic''': يهودا والسامرة‎‎ ''Yahuda wa-Sāmerah''). Neither Israel nor the PNA have much say in the Gaza Strip, where Hamas reigns supreme.
13
14	The West Bank (specifically, the Judea and Samaria regions that it sits upon) is the location of some of the most important events in the ''[[Literature/TheFourGospels The Four Gospels]]''. Bethlehem, a quiet town 4.5 miles south of Jerusalem, is the birthplace of UsefulNotes/{{Jesus}}. Al-Ezariya just a little east of Jerusalem has the ancient name of Bethany, the home of Jesus' friend Lazarus and his sisters Martha and Mary; in fact, the town is named after Lazarus himself, whose tomb is reputedly within the city. Jericho, to the north of the Dead Sea, is where Jesus healed the blind beggars, not to mention having quite a history in the ''Literature/BookOfJoshua''. The depopulated town of Imwas, near Modi'in Maccabim-Re'ut, is the Biblical Emmaus, the main road to which was where two of Jesus' disciples witnessed his appearance post-resurrection. And of course, most events that happened in Jerusalem occurred in East Jerusalem, simply because that is where the Old City is located; the Mount of Olives (where Jesus arrived and saw the city for the final time), Bethesda (where he heals a man), Gethsemane (agony of the garden), Calvary (site of crucifixion), and the Church of Holy Sepulchre (Jesus' reputed tomb).
15	----
16	!!Palestinian Media
17	[[AC:Film]]
18
19	* ''Film/{{Ajami}}'', an Israeli-Palestinian co-production dealing with the lives of people, mostly Arab Israelis, in the Ajami neighborhood of the port city of Jaffa.
20	* ''Film/AveMaria'', a short film about an Orthodox Jewish family that suffers a car breakdown in the West Bank.
21	* ''Film/{{Omar}}'', a feature about a Palestinian man who is strong-armed into being an informant for the Israelis.
22	* ''Film/ParadiseNow'', a feature where two young West Bank men are recruited to be suicide bombers.
23	* ''Film/ThePresent'', a short film about a Palestinian man who goes to buy a present for his wife and has to deal with the difficulty of getting around in the West Bank.
24
25	[[AC:Literature]]
26
27	* ''Literature/MorningsInJenin'' is a novel following the stories of four generations of a Palestinian family beginning in 1948.
28	* ''Literature/ThePianistFromSyriaAMemoir'' is an autobiography of a displaced Palestinian refugee in Syria.
29
30	[[AC:Live-Action TV]]
31
32	* ''Series/TomorrowsPioneers'': Children's program with various costumed animal co-hosts that perform skits and discuss life in occupied Palestine.
33
34	[[AC:Mythology & Folklore]]
35
36	* Myth/ArabMythology
37	* Myth/CanaaniteMythology
38
39	[[AC:Puppet Shows]]
40
41	* ''Shara'a Simsim'', the Palestinian co-production of ''Series/SesameStreet''.
42
43	[[AC:Video Games]]
44
45	* ''VideoGame/LiylaAndTheShadowsOfWar'', set during the 2014 Gaza war.
46	----
47	[[AC:The Palestinian flag]]
48	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/flag_of_palestine.png]]
49	->The flag is based on that of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans back in UsefulNotes/WorldWarI (save for the white and green reversed).
50	----
51	[[AC:Emblem of Palestine]]
52	[[quoteright:200:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/coat_of_arms_of_palestine.png]]
53	->The emblem used by the Palestinian National Authority as well as the State of Palestine features the pan-Arab colors of the Palestinian flag on a shield carried by the Eagle of Saladin. Below it flies a scroll with the Arabic name of the country.
54	----
55	[[AC:The Palestinian national anthem]]
56
57	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
58	->بلادي يا أرضي يا أرض الجدود
59	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
60	->فدائي يا شعبي يا شعب الخلود
61
62	->بعزمي وناري وبركان ثأري
63	->وأشواق دمي لأرضي وداري
64	->صعدت الجبالا وخضت النضالا
65	->قهرت المحالا عبرت الحدود
66
67	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
68	->بلادي يا أرضي يا أرض الجدود
69	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
70	->فدائي يا شعبي يا شعب الخلود
71
72	->بعزم الرياح ونار السلاح
73	->وإصرار شعبي بأرض الكفاح
74	->فلسطين داري فلسطين ناري
75	->فلسطين ثاري وأرض الصمود
76
77	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
78	->بلادي يا أرضي يا أرض الجدود
79	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
80	->فدائي يا شعبي يا شعب الخلود
81
82	->بحق القسم تحت ظل العلم
83	->بأرضي وشعبي ونار الألم
84	->سأحيا فدائي وأمضي فدائي
85	->وأقضي فدائي إلى أن تعود
86
87	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
88	->بلادي يا أرضي يا أرض الجدود
89	->فدائي فدائي فدائي
90	->فدائي يا شعبي يا شعب الخلود
91	[[note]]
92	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
93	->yā ardī yā arḍal-judūd
94	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
95	->yā šaʿbī yā šaʿb al-xulūd 𝄇
96
97	->Biʿazmī wa nārī wa burkāni thaʼrī
98	->Waʼašwāqi damī liʼarḍī wa dārī
99	->Ṣaʿadtu l-jibālā wa xuḍtu n-niḍālā
100	->Qahartu l-muḥālā ʿabartu l-ḥudūd 𝄇
101
102	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
103	->yā ardī yā arḍal-judūd
104	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
105	->yā šaʿbī yā šaʿb al-xulūd
106
107	->Biʿazmi r-riyāḥ wa nāri s-silāḥ
108	->Wa iṣrāri šaʿbi biʼarḍ al-kifāḥ
109	->Filasṭīnu dārī wa darbu intṣāri
110	->Filasṭīnu dārī Filasṭīnu nārī
111	->Filasṭīnu thārī wa arḍi aṣ-ṣumūd 𝄇
112
113	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
114	->yā ardī yā arḍal-judūd
115	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
116	->yā šaʿbī yā šaʿb al-xulūd
117
118	->Biḥaqqi l-qasam taḥta ẓilli l-ʿalam
119	->Biʼarḍī wa šaʿbī wa nāri l-alam
120	->Saʼaḥyā fidāʼī wa amḍī fidāʼī
121	->Wa aqḍī fidāʼī ilā an taʿūd 𝄇
122
123	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
124	->yā ardī yā arḍal-judūd
125	->Fidā'ī Fidā'ī Fidā'ī
126	->yā šaʿbī yā šaʿb al-xulūd
127	[[/note]]
128
129	--
130
131	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
132	->Oh my land, the land of the ancestors
133	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
134	->Oh my people, people of eternity
135
136	->With my determination, my fire and the volcano of my vendetta
137	->With the longing in my blood for my land and my home
138	->I have climbed the mountains and fought the wars
139	->I have conquered the impossible, and crossed the frontiers
140
141	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
142	->Oh my land, the land of the ancestors
143	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
144	->Oh my people, people of eternity
145
146	->With the resolve of the winds and the fire of the weapons
147	->And the determination of my nation in the land of struggle
148	->Palestine is my home, and the path of my triumphal
149	->Palestine is my home, Palestine is my fire,
150	->Palestine is my vendetta and the land of withstanding
151
152	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
153	->Oh my land, the land of the ancestors
154	->Warrior, warrior, warrior,
155	->Oh my people, people of eternity
156
157	->By the oath under the shade of the flag
158	->By my land and nation, and the fire of pain
159	->I will live as a warrior, I will remain a warrior,
160	->I will die as a warrior - until my country returns
161	----
162	[[AC:Government]]
163	* Unitary semi-parliamentary republic
164	** President: Mahmoud Abbas
165	** Prime Minister: Mohammad Shtayyeh
166	** Speaker of Parliament: Salim Zanoun
167	----
168	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
169	* '''Proclaimed capital:''' Jerusalem[[note]]As with the West Bank, the PNA exercises limited self-rule over East Jerusalem after the Six-Day War. West Jerusalem has been under Israeli control since the Arab-Israeli conflict first erupted in 1948.[[/note]]
170	* '''Administrative center:''' Ramallah
171	* '''Largest city:''' Gaza City[[note]]As with the rest of the Gaza Strip, the PNA and Israel have little say in the administration of the Gaza City after the 2007 Hamas takeover.[[/note]]
172	* '''Population:''' 5,159,076
173	* '''Area:''' 6,020 km
174	(2,320 sq mi) (163rd)
175	* '''Currency''': Egyptian pound (£) (EGP), Israeli new shekel (₪‎) (ILS), Jordanian dinar (د.أ) (JOD)
176	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' PS
177	* '''Country calling code:''' 970
178	* '''Highest point:''' Mount Nabi Yunis (1030 m/3,379 ft) (158th)

Context UsefulNotes / Palestine