Line #10 UsefulNotes/Jordan


1	[[quoteright:330:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jordan_factbook_map.gif]]
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3	Jordan ('''Arabic:''' الأردن‎ al-Urdun), also known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('''Arabic:''' المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية‎ al-Mamlakah al-Urdunīyah al-Hāshimīyah) is a country in West Asia[=/=]UsefulNotes/TheMiddleEast, bordering UsefulNotes/{{Israel}} and UsefulNotes/{{Palestine}} to the west, UsefulNotes/{{Iraq}} to the east, UsefulNotes/{{Syria}} to the north, and UsefulNotes/SaudiArabia to the south. It received its name from the River Jordan, which forms its western border.
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5	During the 1st millennium BCE, the land was settled by the Ammonites and Moabites, both Semitic people related to the Arameans, the Phoenicians, and the Israelites. The former's capital was Amman, then known as Rabbath-Ammon. Both of them are mentioned in the [[Literature/TheBible Old Testament]] as neighbors and frequent enemies of the Israelites. The region was collectively called in the Bible as ''Ever [=HaYarden=]'', which means "Beyond the Jordan River". It was translated as ''Peran tou Jordanou'' in Greek, and finally ''Trans Jordania'' in Latin. Later in the millennium, the Nabateans, an Arab tribe, took over southern Jordan and created a prosperous kingdom. Their capital was Petra, whose design, as with many of their settlements, was inspired by Greco-Roman architecture. They submitted to UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire in the 1st century CE.
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7	Transjordan was invaded by the Rashidun forces in the 7th century and incorporated as part of the Damascus and Jordan military districts, both part of the larger ''Bilad ash-Sham'' ("land of the left-hand") province. The population, then mostly speaking Aramaic and Christian, was subsequently Arabized and Islamized. It would then pass through various Arab kingdoms and empires, plus a brief period of less than 70 years when it was controlled by the [[UsefulNotes/TheCrusades Crusaders]]. The Arabs lost the region in 1516 to the [[UsefulNotes/{{Turkey}} Ottoman Empire]], who included it within the Damascus Eyalet (later Syria Vilayet). Until the 20th century, Transjordan was an underpopulated area relative to Palestine to the west and widely seen as not worth taking.
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9	After UsefulNotes/WorldWarI and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Transjordan fell to the sphere of [[UsefulNotes/{{Britain}} British]] influence and originally put under the administration of the Kingdom of Syria. When Faisal of Syria was deposed by UsefulNotes/{{France}}, Transjordan became a lawless land for several months until Abdullah, brother of Faisal and son of the Sharif of Hejaz, arrived and declared Transjordan an emirate under British supervision. Some British politicians and Zionists wanted the region included into Mandatory Palestine and therefore the future Jewish homeland, but this was vetoed hard by the British government. It received independence in 1946 as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, later shortened in 1949 as Jordan. After the 1958 revolution in Iraq, which deposed Faisal II (Abdullah's grandnephew), Jordan became the last surviving Hashemite monarchy.
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11	Jordan initially did not take Israel's founding well, and participated in the first UsefulNotes/ArabIsraeliConflict after which they held the [[UsefulNotes/{{Palestine}} West Bank]], tripling the population with a million Palestinians. The annexation in turn didn't sit well with some Palestinian factions that expected independence, culminating in the assassination of King Abdullah I when it was rumored he planned to sign a peace treaty with Israel. His grandson, then-Prince Hussein who was almost killed during the assassination, became the king after his son was forced to abdicate due to illness. The Six-Day War ended with the loss of the West Bank and a mass exodus of Palestinians, most of them into Jordan. The Palestinian militants used Jordan's territories as a base of operation to attack Israel, whose retaliation eventually led Jordan to expel the militants who regrouped in UsefulNotes/{{Lebanon}}. Jordan later renounced its claim to the West Bank on King Hussein's orders, saying that it was now the Palestinians' responsibility to gain independence from Israel. Later, it became the second Arab country (after UsefulNotes/{{Egypt}}) to sign a peace treaty with Israel, and relations between the two countries are nowadays cordial; Israel has helped Jordan to modernize with its technological expertise, while those Muslim pilgrims who want to visit the Holy Land can do so via transit in Jordan.
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13	Today, it is struggling to improve its standard of living and employment and the King has had to contend with protests for more economic opportunities and political freedom. While the country provides among the most extensive civil liberties in the Arab world, it is classified as an authoritarian state by the Economist Intelligence Unit, as the king continues to hold sweeping powers over politics, despite his pledge to improve democracy. Unlike the Gulf Arab countries, it has little to no oil, but it had the luck of having ample phosphate deposits which it developed. The fact that it was the site of ancient states like Ammon as well as being the site of the Roman city of Petra, a Mecca for Christian pilgrims, also aided its bottom line.
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15	Jordan is mostly composed of Arabs, with a Circassian minority from UsefulNotes/TheCaucasus. These are descendants of refugees from UsefulNotes/{{Russia}} who came in the 1800s due to religious and ethnic persecution. Some of them form an elite royal guard over the King. As one of the most stable nations in the region, Jordan hosts an enormous population of Palestinian refugees from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; it's estimated that as many as half of the population are Palestinians. In fact, the current king's wife, Rania, is a Palestinian. Since the start of the Syrian Civil War, Jordan has been hosting more than 650,000 Syrian refugees, the third largest number in the world.
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17	By the way, the current King, Abdullah II, is a ''Franchise/StarTrek'' fanboy and even guested as an extra in one episode of ''Series/StarTrekVoyager.''
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19	Fun fact: the Jordanian dinar, which is pegged to the US dollar, is worth 1.4 USD, making it the world's fourth strongest currency. Tourists beware: RidiculousExchangeRates do ''not'' apply to this country.
20	----
21	!!Jordanian Media:
22	[[index]]
23	* Creator/AlMarkazAlArabiStudios
24	* Creator/AlSharqAlAdnaaStudios
25	* ''Series/AlRawabiSchoolForGirls'': A Jordanian series about the students at an all-girls school and the troubles that go on there.
26	* Myth/ArabMythology
27	* Creator/ReemSaadeh
28	* ''Film/{{Theeb}}'': Oscar-nominated film set in 1916 Saudi Arabia, in which a small boy gets mixed up in the Arab Revolt of World War I.
29	[[/index]]
30	----
31	[[AC:The Jordanian flag]]
32	https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/jordan_flag_9573.png
33	->The black, white and green bands represent the Abbasid, Umayyad and Fatimid Caliphates, respectively. The red triangle at the hoist side commemorates the 1916 Arab Revolt against the Ottomans; at its center is a white seven-pointed star, representing the first seven verses of the Qur'an.
34	----
35	[[AC:The Jordanian national anthem]]
36	->عاش المليك
37	->عاش المليك
38	->ساميا مقامه
39	->خافقات في المعالي أعلامه
40
41	->نحن أحرزنا المنى
42	->يوم أحييت لنا
43	->نهضة تحفزنا
44	->تتسامى فوق هام الشهب
45
46	->يا مليك العرب
47	->لك من خير نبي
48	->شرف في النسب
49	->حدثت عنه بطون الكتب
50
51	->الشباب الأمجد
52	->جندك المجند
53	->عزمه لا يخمد
54	->فيه من معناك رمز الدأب
55
56	->يا مليك العرب
57	->لك من خير نبي
58	->شرف في النسب
59	->حدثت عنه بطون الكتب
60
61	->دمت نورا وهدى
62	->في البرايا سيدا
63	->هانئا ممجدا
64	->تحت أعلامك مجد العرب
65
66	->يا مليك العرب
67	->لك من خير نبي
68	->شرف في النسب
69	->حدثت عنه بطون الكتب
70	[[note]]
71	->ʿĀš al-Malīk
72	->ʿĀš al-Malīk
73	->Sāmiyan maqāmuhu
74	->Xāfiqātin fī l-maʿālī ʾaʿlāmuhu
75
76	->Naḥnu ʾaḥraznā l-munā
77	->Yawma ʾaḥyayta lanā
78	->Nahḍatun taḥfizunā
79	->Tatasāmā fawqa hāmi š-šahabi
80
81	->Yā malīka l-ʿArabi
82	->Laka min xayri nabī
83	->Šarafun fī n-nasabi
84	->Ḥaddaþat ʿanhu buṭūnu l-kutubi
85
86	->aš-Šabābu l-ʾamjadu
87	->Junduka l-mujannadu
88	->ʿAzmuhu lā yaxmadu
89	->Fīhi min maʿnāka ramzu d-daʾabi
90
91	->Yā malīka l-ʿArabi
92	->Laka min xayri nabī
93	->Šarafun fī n-nasabi
94	->Ḥaddaþat ʿanhu buṭūnu l-kutubi
95
96	->Dumta nūran wa-hudā
97	->Fī l-barāyā sayyidā
98	->Hāniʾan mumajjadā
99	->Taḥta ʾaʿlāmika majdu l-ʿArabi
100
101	->Yā malīka l-ʿArabi
102	->Laka min xayri nabī
103	->Šarafun fī n-nasabi
104	->Ḥaddaþat ʿanhu buṭūnu l-kutubi
105	[[/note]]
106
107	--
108	->Long live the King!
109	->Long live the King!
110	->His position sublime,
111	->His banners waving in glory supreme.
112
113	->We achieved our goal,
114	->On the day you revived for us,
115	->A revolution gives us our motivation!
116	->Flying over the shoulders of the highest comets.
117
118	->O king of Arabs,
119	->From the best prophet you have.
120	->The honour of dynasty,
121	->Talked about in the depths of books!
122
123	->All the youthful men,
124	->Are your armed armies
125	->His determination never dies out!
126	->Getting from your meaning a symbol of well-being![a]
127
128	->O king of Arabs,
129	->From the best prophet you have.
130	->The honour of dynasty,
131	->Talked about in the depths of books!
132
133	->May you stay the light and the guide,
134	->A master in being away of all sins and wrong-doing,
135	->Living your life happily and well-respected!
136	->Under your flying flag rests the glory of all Arabs.
137
138	->O king of Arabs,
139	->From the best prophet you have.
140	->The honour of dynasty,
141	->Talked about in the depths of books!
142	----
143	[[AC:Government]]
144	* Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
145	** Monarch: Abdullah II
146	** Prime Minister: Bisher Khasawneh
147	----
148	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
149	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Amman
150	* '''Population:''' 10,658,123
151	* '''Area:''' 89,342 sq km (34,495 sq mi) (110th)
152	* '''Currency''': Jordanian dinar (د.أ) (JOD)
153	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' JO
154	* '''Country calling code:''' 962
155	* '''Highest point:''' Jabal Umm ad-Dami (1854 m/6,083 ft) (135th)

Context UsefulNotes / Jordan