Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
accuracy and racism addressed
Changed line(s) 7,15 (click to see context) from:
* '''[[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]]'''-The ones everyone knows about, inventors of the didgeridoo and the boomerang, present throughout Australian art, music, and increasingly present in Australia's television and cinema. Also the ''oldest surviving culture in the world''. They currently number a little over 0.75 million.
* '''UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders'''-Sadly, relatively unknown outside of Australia, and unfortunately [[AndZoidberg often forgotten even in the nation itself]]. Unlike Aboriginals, they are from the same broader ethnic group as the [[UsefulNotes/PapuaNewGuinea Papua New Guineans]]. They number about 50 thousand. Despite this small number, like Aboriginal Australians they have multiple different languages.
The term 'Indigenous Australians' was once the term of choice, but has recently come under criticism due to some descendants of the first European settlers feeling that, having been here for centuries, they have as much right to the label as anyone. First Australians have been here at least 70,000 years. Here, we'll only use the term 'Indigenous' to refer to First Australians.
The diversity of First Australians presents a conundrum. How do they tackle discrimination against them, disadvantages that beset many of their communities? While they make up less than 3% of Australia's population, that 3% is divided into many, many different groups with different languages, cultures, and outlooks. These groups are not even in size. Smaller groups have complained of being neglected or ignored. When Torres Strait Islanders try to get their voice heard as loudly as the entire Aboriginal Australian group, the issue of whether equal voice along ethnic lines over-represents groups a tenth the population of others crops up. [[WeAREStrugglingTogether Attempts to come together for their common cause have not always ended well]].
Their place in Australian society has, over the last few decades, become one of massive controversy. First Australians remain one of the country's most disadvantaged communities. Amongst non-Indigenous, shame over historical (and in the views of some, more recent) mistreatment of the First Australians still battles with the conviction that the disadvantage amongst many First Australian communities is regrettable, but no one else's responsibility. In his first year as Prime Minister in 2008, Kevin Rudd made an historic official apology for wrongs historically perpetrated by the Australian government. The first Indigenous Australian leader of a state or territory came to power in 2013, taking the reins of the Northern Territory.
* '''UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders'''-Sadly, relatively unknown outside of Australia, and unfortunately [[AndZoidberg often forgotten even in the nation itself]]. Unlike Aboriginals, they are from the same broader ethnic group as the [[UsefulNotes/PapuaNewGuinea Papua New Guineans]]. They number about 50 thousand. Despite this small number, like Aboriginal Australians they have multiple different languages.
The term 'Indigenous Australians' was once the term of choice, but has recently come under criticism due to some descendants of the first European settlers feeling that, having been here for centuries, they have as much right to the label as anyone. First Australians have been here at least 70,000 years. Here, we'll only use the term 'Indigenous' to refer to First Australians.
The diversity of First Australians presents a conundrum. How do they tackle discrimination against them, disadvantages that beset many of their communities? While they make up less than 3% of Australia's population, that 3% is divided into many, many different groups with different languages, cultures, and outlooks. These groups are not even in size. Smaller groups have complained of being neglected or ignored. When Torres Strait Islanders try to get their voice heard as loudly as the entire Aboriginal Australian group, the issue of whether equal voice along ethnic lines over-represents groups a tenth the population of others crops up. [[WeAREStrugglingTogether Attempts to come together for their common cause have not always ended well]].
Their place in Australian society has, over the last few decades, become one of massive controversy. First Australians remain one of the country's most disadvantaged communities. Amongst non-Indigenous, shame over historical (and in the views of some, more recent) mistreatment of the First Australians still battles with the conviction that the disadvantage amongst many First Australian communities is regrettable, but no one else's responsibility. In his first year as Prime Minister in 2008, Kevin Rudd made an historic official apology for wrongs historically perpetrated by the Australian government. The first Indigenous Australian leader of a state or territory came to power in 2013, taking the reins of the Northern Territory.
to:
* '''[[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]]'''-The ones everyone knows about, inventors of the didgeridoo and the boomerang, present throughout Australian art, music, and increasingly present in Australians]]''' - traditional lands are on Australia's television mainland, Tasmania and cinema. Also other islands, to the ''oldest surviving culture exclusion of islands in the world''. They currently number a little over 0.75 million.
Torres Strait.
*'''UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders'''-Sadly, relatively unknown outside of Australia, and unfortunately [[AndZoidberg often forgotten even '''UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders'''- traditional lands are located in the nation itself]]. Unlike Aboriginals, they are from islands throughout the same broader ethnic group as the [[UsefulNotes/PapuaNewGuinea Papua New Guineans]]. They number about 50 thousand. Despite this small number, like Aboriginal Australians they have multiple different languages.
Torres Strait.
Theterm terms 'Indigenous Australians' was once the term of choice, but has recently come under criticism due and 'First Peoples' are intended to some descendants of the first European settlers feeling that, having been here for centuries, they have as much right to the label as anyone. First capture both Aboriginal Australians have been here at least 70,000 years. Here, we'll only use the term 'Indigenous' to refer to First Australians.
The diversity of First Australians presents a conundrum. How do they tackle discrimination against them, disadvantages that beset many of their communities? While they make up less than 3% ofand Torres Strait Islanders. Australia's population, that 3% is divided into many, many different groups with different languages, cultures, and outlooks. These groups are not even in size. Smaller groups First Peoples have complained of being neglected or ignored. When Torres Strait Islanders try to get their voice heard as loudly as been the entire Aboriginal traditional custodians of the Australian group, lands for around 65,000 years but following the issue 1788 invasion, British colonisation and genocide of whether equal voice along ethnic lines over-represents groups a tenth the population of others crops up. [[WeAREStrugglingTogether Attempts to come together for their common cause have not always ended well]].
Their place in Australian society has, over the last few decades, become one of massive controversy. First Australianspeoples, they remain one of the country's most disadvantaged communities. Amongst non-Indigenous, shame over historical (and in the views of some, more recent) mistreatment of the First Australians still battles with the conviction that the disadvantage amongst many First Australian communities is regrettable, but no one else's responsibility. In his first year as Prime Minister in 2008, Kevin Rudd made an historic official apology for wrongs historically perpetrated by the Australian government. The first Indigenous Australian leader of a state or territory came to power in 2013, taking the reins of the Northern Territory.
communities.
*
The
The diversity of First Australians presents a conundrum. How do they tackle discrimination against them, disadvantages that beset many of their communities? While they make up less than 3% of
Their place in Australian society has, over the last few decades, become one of massive controversy. First Australians
1962: the electoral act was amended, giving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples the "right to register and vote", but voting was not compulsory (as for the rest of the population). Full voting rights were not granted federally until Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were required to register on the electoral roll in 1984.
Changed line(s) 20,23 (click to see context) from:
In '''1992, Terra Nullius was overturned.''' Before, Indigenous Australians had no ownership over land (unless they bought it), even if their people had continued to occupy it since European settlement. Torres Strait Islander Eddie Mabo challenged this legal status, and the High Court conceded that Indigenous peoples should have their rights over land equally recognised along with all other Australians.
The Court rejected any legal position that would discriminate against Indigenous peoples by denying the existence of rights that had been freely enjoyed prior to colonisation, and continued to be exercised. It also reassessed the idea that no rights existed in land other than those granted by the 'Crown', or the sovereign governments. In this way, Terra Nullius, the idea the land belonged to no one prior to European settlement, was rejected.
The Court rejected any legal position that would discriminate against Indigenous peoples by denying the existence of rights that had been freely enjoyed prior to colonisation, and continued to be exercised. It also reassessed the idea that no rights existed in land other than those granted by the 'Crown', or the sovereign governments. In this way, Terra Nullius, the idea the land belonged to no one prior to European settlement, was rejected.
to:
When Australia's Constitution first came into being in 1901 there were only two parts that referred to the First Peoples of Australia: Section 51 (xxvi) gave the Commonwealth power to make laws with respect to 'people of any race, other than the Aboriginal race in any state, for whom it was deemed necessary to make special laws'; and Section 127 provided that 'in reckoning the numbers of people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted'.
This meant that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people weren't recognised as part of the Australian population.
It also meant that the states could create their own policies for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Dispossession was rampant, as was oppression and control of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' lives. The states enacted Aboriginal Protection Acts which gave them the legal right to remove children from their families.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have always protested and fought against these injustices. There was no single moment that sparked the 1967 Referendum, more a growing swell of support for change led by a range of people and organisations. In the late 1950s, changes in other countries toward equality and civil rights focused public attention on the injustices faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Protest events were getting more media attention as well. The Warburton Ranges controversy in 1957, the Yirrkala Bark Petitions in 1963, the 1965 Freedom Ride and the Wave Hill walk-off that began in 1966, are some that drove these issues into the international spotlight.
Targeted and effective campaigns were run by organisations like the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), the Australian Aborigines League, the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship, and the Aborigines Progressive Association.
The ABC and AIATSIS' collaborative online exhibition 'Right Wrongs' is an excellent resource that pays tribute to these protests, organisations and individual activists.
On 27 May 1967, Australians voted to change the Constitution so that like all other Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples would be counted as part of the population and the Commonwealth would be able to make laws for them. A resounding 90.77 per cent said 'Yes' and every single state and territory had a majority result for the 'Yes' vote. It was one of the most successful national campaigns in Australia's history.
Thousands of people worked on the campaign and achieving the 'yes' was a huge victory, signalling a change in the mindset of Australia's majority. It opened the door to First Nations Australian agency, bringing to light many strong leaders and organisations, and the expectation that things could be different. Change was possible, and they were willing to fight for it. In many ways, that fight continues today
'Mabo' In '''1992, Terra Nullius was overturned.''' Before, Indigenous Australians had no ownership over land (unless they bought it), even if their people had continued to occupy it since European settlement. ''' Torres Strait Islander Eddie Mabo challenged this the doctrine of Terra Nullius as it had been applied to Australia by the British. The Mabo decision altered the foundation of land law in Australia by overturning the doctrine of terra nullius (land belonging to no-one) on which British claims to possession of Australia were based. This recognition inserted the legal status, and doctrine of native title into Australian law. The judgments of the High Court conceded in the Mabo case recognised the traditional rights of the Meriam people to their islands in the eastern Torres Strait. The Court also held that native title existed for all Indigenous people in Australia prior to the establishment of the British Colony of New South Wales in 1788. In recognising that Indigenous peoples should have their rights over people in Australia had a prior title to land equally recognised along with all other Australians.
Thetaken by the Crown since Cook's declaration of possession in 1770, the Court rejected any legal position held that would discriminate against this title exists today in any portion of land where it has not legally been extinguished. The decision of the High Court was swiftly followed by the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), which attempted to codify the implications of the decision and set out a legislative regime under which Australia's Indigenous peoples by denying the existence people could seek recognition of rights that had been freely enjoyed prior to colonisation, and continued to be exercised. It also reassessed the idea that no rights existed in land other than those granted by the 'Crown', or the sovereign governments. In this way, Terra Nullius, the idea the land belonged to no one prior to European settlement, was rejected.
their native title rights
This meant that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people weren't recognised as part of the Australian population.
It also meant that the states could create their own policies for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Dispossession was rampant, as was oppression and control of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' lives. The states enacted Aboriginal Protection Acts which gave them the legal right to remove children from their families.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have always protested and fought against these injustices. There was no single moment that sparked the 1967 Referendum, more a growing swell of support for change led by a range of people and organisations. In the late 1950s, changes in other countries toward equality and civil rights focused public attention on the injustices faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Protest events were getting more media attention as well. The Warburton Ranges controversy in 1957, the Yirrkala Bark Petitions in 1963, the 1965 Freedom Ride and the Wave Hill walk-off that began in 1966, are some that drove these issues into the international spotlight.
Targeted and effective campaigns were run by organisations like the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), the Australian Aborigines League, the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship, and the Aborigines Progressive Association.
The ABC and AIATSIS' collaborative online exhibition 'Right Wrongs' is an excellent resource that pays tribute to these protests, organisations and individual activists.
On 27 May 1967, Australians voted to change the Constitution so that like all other Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples would be counted as part of the population and the Commonwealth would be able to make laws for them. A resounding 90.77 per cent said 'Yes' and every single state and territory had a majority result for the 'Yes' vote. It was one of the most successful national campaigns in Australia's history.
Thousands of people worked on the campaign and achieving the 'yes' was a huge victory, signalling a change in the mindset of Australia's majority. It opened the door to First Nations Australian agency, bringing to light many strong leaders and organisations, and the expectation that things could be different. Change was possible, and they were willing to fight for it. In many ways, that fight continues today
'Mabo' In '''1992, Terra Nullius was overturned.
The
Changed line(s) 30 (click to see context) from:
Portrayals of First Australians on television can be found on:
to:
Portrayals of First Australians on television can be found across a range of shows and channels, including on:
Changed line(s) 35,38 (click to see context) from:
Aboriginal Australians are represented in media much more frequently than Torres Strait Islanders, to the extent it is rare to hear about the latter at all. However, celebrities such as Christine Anu, and programs such as ''Series/TheStraits'', likely indicate this is changing somewhat. One celebrity who actually represents ''both'' communities is [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] player Patty Mills,[[note]]No, she's not the first woman to play in the NBA... ''his'' actual first name is Patrick.[[/note]] with a Torres Strait Islander father and Aboriginal mother.
For [[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]] or UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders in media specifically, click on the blue links for their respective entries.
For [[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]] or UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders in media specifically, click on the blue links for their respective entries.
to:
Aboriginal Australians are represented in media much more frequently than Torres Strait Islanders, to the extent it is rare to hear about the latter at all.Islanders. However, celebrities such as Christine Anu, and programs such as ''Series/TheStraits'', likely indicate this is changing somewhat. One celebrity who actually represents ''both'' communities Many of Australia's First Peoples identify as both Aboriginal and as Torres Strait Islander, one high profile example is basketball [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] player Patty Mills,[[note]]No, she's not the first woman to play in the NBA... ''his'' actual first name is Patrick.[[/note]] with a Torres Strait Islander father and Aboriginal mother.
Patrick 'Patty' Mills,[[note]].
For [[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]] or UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders in media specifically, click on the blue links for their respectiveentries.
entries or better yet rely on a source created and run by Australia's First Peoples.
For [[UsefulNotes/AustralianAborigines Aboriginal Australians]] or UsefulNotes/TorresStraitIslanders in media specifically, click on the blue links for their respective
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
Changed line(s) 33,34 (click to see context) from:
* ''Message Stick'', similar to the above, broadcast on Creator/TheABC.
to:
* ''Message Stick'', similar to the above, broadcast on Creator/TheABC.
[[Creator/AustralianBroadcastingCorporation The ABC]].
