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* {{Irony}}: Han Tong spent much effort to frame Kuangyin of treason in front of Chai Rong. Yet, just before the coup at Chenqiao, Han had become utterly convinced of his loyalty to the Later Zhou. To add to the irony, Han was the only important official of the Later Zhou to perish in the coup.
** Fu Rong, who wanted to become empress since her introduction, only got to become so posthumously after her husband Guangyi became emperor as Kuangyin's successor.



* InterserviceRivalry: Civilian officials vs. military officers. As Kuangyin had a military background, but wanted the empire to head towards a civilian-centric direction, this caused him many headaches. [[note]]While the issue did not flare up during Kuangyin's and Guangyi's rule, this civilian-centric direction eventually accumulated in the "Disaster of Jingkang", where the Jurchen Jin army (who had crushed the Khitans in the north) sacked Kaifeng, and abducted most of Guangyi's descendants (including 2 emperors, Huizong and Qinzong).[[/note]]

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* InterserviceRivalry: Civilian officials vs. military officers. As Kuangyin had a military background, but wanted the empire to head towards a civilian-centric direction, this caused him many headaches. [[note]]While the issue did not flare up during Kuangyin's and Guangyi's rule, this civilian-centric direction eventually accumulated in the "Disaster of Jingkang", where the Jurchen Jin army (who had crushed the Khitans in the north) sacked Kaifeng, and and
abducted most of Guangyi's descendants (including 2 emperors, Huizong and Qinzong).[[/note]]
* {{Irony}}: Han Tong spent much effort to frame Kuangyin of treason in front of Chai Rong. Yet, just before the coup at Chenqiao, Han had become utterly convinced of his loyalty to the Later Zhou. To add to the irony, Han was the only important official of the Later Zhou to perish in the coup.
** Fu Rong, who wanted to become empress since her introduction, only got to become so posthumously after her husband Guangyi became emperor as Kuangyin's successor.
**Guangyi spent much effort in trying to remove Zhao Pu as First Chancellor; the narration in the epilogue noted that he re-appointed Zhao Pu as First Chancellor six years after his ascension as emperor due to Zhao Pu revealing the "Golden Cabinet Pledge". [[note]]Historically, Zhao Pu was ''twice'' appointed First Chancellor during Guangyi's reign.
[[/note]]
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*SuccessionCrisis: Before the Song was established, emperors of the various regimes come and go with alarming frequency.
**Played with when it comes to Kuangyin's heir, as he is unable to come to a firm decision between his son or his brother.

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** Historically, Lei Dexiang passed away in his mid 70s during Guangyi's reign.

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** Historically, Lei Dexiang passed away in his mid 70s during Guangyi's reign. Similarly, the historical Fu Zhaoshou died in 1000 C.E., during Zhenzong's (Guangyi's son and successor) reign.

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** Kuangyin hitting the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament alludes to the story of "the sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (斧声烛影) in literature and folklore, which alleged that Guangyi murdered his brother for the throne.

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** Kuangyin hitting the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament alludes to the story of "the sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (斧声烛影) in literature and folklore, which alleged that Guangyi murdered his brother for the throne. In the last episode, Wang Ji'en was the one who saw the silhouettes of both Kuangyin and Guangyi against the candlelight, and heard the sound of the jade ornament hitting the wooden tabletop.

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* DrunkWithPower: Zhao Pu. While he remains TheGoodChancellor, he does develop some traits of the EvilChancellor by the end of the series. [[note]]The series makes a point by speculating that Kuangyin made Guangyi his heir instead of Dezhao as Guangyi is much better prepared to control Zhao Pu as emperor.[[/note]]

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* DrunkWithPower: Zhao Pu. While he remains TheGoodChancellor, he does develop some traits of the EvilChancellor by the end of the series. [[note]]The series makes a point by speculating that Kuangyin made Guangyi his heir instead of Dezhao as Guangyi is much better prepared more able (and prepared) to control Zhao Pu as emperor.[[/note]]
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* DrunkWithPower: Zhao Pu. While he remains TheGoodChancellor, he does develop some traits of the EvilChancellor by the end of the series. [[note]]The series makes a point by speculating that Kuangyin made Guangyi his heir instead of Dezhao as Guangyi is much better prepared to control Zhao Pu as emperor.[[/note]]

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**The circumstances behind Zhang Qiong's death had been altered. [[note]]Historically, Zhang Qiong died in 965 CE, a few years earlier than depicted in the series. Also, he was accused of having around a hundred ''servants'' (rather than soldiers as depicted, and certainly was not accused of treason).[[/note]]



** Zig-zagged with Kuangyin's escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort. Also, Jing-niang did not enter the palace after Kuangyin became emperor.

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** Zig-zagged with Kuangyin's escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort. Also, Jing-niang did not enter the palace after Kuangyin became emperor.emperor, nor did she marry Zhang Qiong.
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**Kuangyin hacking at the imperial robe in the aftermath of Zhang Qiong's death is a subtle one to the traditional opera story "Executing the Yellow Robe". [[note]]As mentioned, there is controversy over whether Zheng En (the general and Kuangyin's sworn brother executed in that story) existed. If he did not, the character is said to be based on Zhang Qiong, who historically was wrongly executed by Kuangyin, but under different circumstances.[[/note]]
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* ParentingTheHusband: Inverted with Kuangyin and Empress Song, with Kuangyin Parenting The Wife as she is more than two decades his junior. [[note]]Historically, Empress Wang was also more than a decade younger than Kuangyin.[[/note]]
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* BlueBlood: As Guangyi explained, Lady Song's lineage is this, as both her grandmother and mother are princesses of previous dynasties. [[note]]Her paternal grandmother was a daughter of Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang) while her mother is a sister of Liu Chengyou and daughter of Liu Zhiyuan, both emperors of Later Han.[[/note]]

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* BlueBlood: As Guangyi explained, Lady Song's lineage is this, as both her grandmother and mother are princesses of previous dynasties. [[note]]Her paternal grandmother was a daughter of Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang) while her mother is was a sister of Liu Chengyou and daughter of Liu Zhiyuan, both emperors of Later Han.[[/note]]
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* BlueBlood: As Guangyi explained, Lady Song's lineage is this, as both her grandmother and mother are princesses of previous dynasties. [[note]]Her paternal grandmother was a daughter of Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang) while her mother is a sister of Liu Chengyou and daughter of Liu Zhiyuan, both emperors of Later Han.[[/note]]
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* HistoricalInJoke: Jingnang's royal title (Princess of Yan) was historically given to Kuangyin's younger (full) sister, who was also Gao Huaide's wife.

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* HistoricalInJoke: Jingnang's Jing-niang's royal title (Princess of Yan) was historically given to Kuangyin's younger (full) sister, who was also Gao Huaide's wife.
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** The "[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_era_name era name]]" controversy has been exaggerated.[[note]]While it is historically true that "Qiande" had been used as an era name by Former Shu, different regimes using the same era name was not considered unusual.[[/note]]


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** Lei Dexiang's failed attempt to impeach Zhao Pu is one to his son Youling's historically successful one in 973 CE.
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**Historically, Lei Dexiang passed away in his mid 70s during Guangyi's reign.

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* HistoricalInJoke: Kuangyin enrobing Guo Wei in a yellow robe is a nod to the same thing happening to him later at Chenqiao. [[note]]Historically, Kuangyin was not recorded in events surrounding Guo Wei's ascension as emperor.[[/note]]

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* HistoricalInJoke: *{{Foreshadowing}}: Kuangyin enrobing Guo Wei in a yellow robe is a nod to the same thing happening to him later at Chenqiao. [[note]]Historically, Kuangyin was not recorded in events surrounding Guo Wei's ascension as emperor.[[/note]]



** Jingnang's royal title (Princess of Yan) was historically given to Kuangyin's younger (full) sister, who was also Gao Huaide's wife.
** Zhao Pu predicted that should Guangyi inherit the throne, he would then pass it on to his own son instead of Dezhao. This was exactly what happened historically.

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** Jingnang's royal title (Princess of Yan) was historically given to Kuangyin's younger (full) sister, who was also Gao Huaide's wife.
** Zhao Pu predicted that should Guangyi inherit the throne, he would then pass it on to his own son instead of Dezhao. This was exactly what happened historically. historically.
** Yao Shu's misgivings about becoming Du Shenzhao's deputy at Chanzhou turned out to be (fatally) prescient.
* HistoricalInJoke: Jingnang's royal title (Princess of Yan) was historically given to Kuangyin's younger (full) sister, who was also Gao Huaide's wife.

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** Likewise, Guangyi strokes his forehead with two fingers in the same situation.

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** Likewise, Guangyi **Guangyi strokes his forehead with two fingers in if met with the same situation.situation.
*DeadlyDecadentCourt: Downplayed. While there were still fierce competition between factions led by Zhao Pu and Guangyi, and casualties (most prominently, Empress Wang) due to courtly intrigue, decadence and deadliness in Kuangyin's court was reduced to a minimum.

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* CharacterTics: After Kuangyin became emperor, whenever he encounters any frustration in his study, he would hit the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament.

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* CharacterTics: After Kuangyin became emperor, whenever he encounters any frustration in his study, frustration, he would hit the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament.ornament.
**Likewise, Guangyi strokes his forehead with two fingers in the same situation.
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** At Kuangyin's first meeting with Xu Rui, the poem he recites is adaptaed from a similar one written by Southern Tang's last ruler Li Yu. However, it is historically accurate that Lady Xu was a poet of great repute.

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** Historically, there were no records of Madame Huarui's family (except for her father's name: Xu Guozhang).



** Zig-zagged with his escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort. Also, Jing-niang did not enter the palace after Kuangyin became emperor.

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** Zig-zagged with his Kuangyin's escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort. Also, Jing-niang did not enter the palace after Kuangyin became emperor.

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** Also zig-zagged with the "Golden Cabinet Pledge" (金匮之盟). While many historians doubt its historical authenticity, it has its supporters as well. The series itself adopts a middle ground: while Lady Du did state her request to Zhao Pu and Kuangyin, Zhao Pu refused to commit the pledge to paper and implored Kuangyin to forget about it as well.[[note]]Professor Wang Liqun's opinion on the matter is that Lady Du could not possibly know when Kuangyin will die, and by extension how old his heir will be at the time. Next, if such a pledge really existed, Zhao Pu would have revealed it when Guangyi ascended the throne, and would not have waited untill many years later. Prof. Wang's conjecture is that Zhao Pu used this pledge to show his support for Guangyi, in exchange for Guangyi's support for him to act against Lu Duoxun (Lu had persecuted Zhao Pu and other members of his family previously.) Be that as it may, the fact that Guangyi was the longest serving governor of Kaifeng ''ever'' (for 15 years, before his ascension to the throne) stands out. If Kuangyin had absolutely no intention of making Guangyi heir, such a move would have greatly endangered his intended heir.[[/note]]

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** Also zig-zagged with the "Golden Cabinet Pledge" (金匮之盟). While many historians doubt its historical authenticity, it has its supporters as well. The series itself adopts a middle ground: while Lady Du did state her request to Zhao Pu and Kuangyin, Zhao Pu refused to commit the pledge to paper and implored Kuangyin to forget about it as well.[[note]]Professor Wang Liqun's opinion on the matter is that Lady Du could not possibly know when Kuangyin will die, and by extension how old his heir will be at the time. Next, if such a pledge really existed, Zhao Pu would have revealed it when Guangyi ascended the throne, and would not have waited untill until many years later. Prof. Wang's conjecture is that Zhao Pu used this pledge to show his support for Guangyi, in exchange for Guangyi's support for him to act against Lu Duoxun (Lu had persecuted Zhao Pu and other members of his family previously.) Be that as it may, the fact that Guangyi was the longest serving governor of Kaifeng ''ever'' (for 15 years, before his ascension to the throne) stands out. If Kuangyin had absolutely no intention of making Guangyi heir, such a move would have greatly endangered his intended heir.[[/note]]



** Empress Wang: Historically, she was in her teens when she married Kuangyin and passed away while in her early 20s.

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** Empress Wang: Wang. Historically, she was in her teens when she married Kuangyin and passed away while in her early 20s.
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** Empress Wang: Historically, she was in her teens when she married Kuangyin and passed away while in her early 20s.

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** Also zig-zagged with the "Golden Cabinet Pledge" (金匮之盟). While many historians doubt its historical authenticity, it has its supporters as well. The series itself adopts a middle ground: while Lady Du did state her request to Zhao Pu and Kuangyin, Zhao Pu refused to commit the pledge to paper and implored Kuangyin to forget about it as well.[[note]]Professor Wang Liqun's opinion on the matter is that Lady Du could not possibly know when Kuangyin will die, and by extension how old his heir will be at the time. Next, if such a pledge really existed, Zhao Pu would have revealed it when Guangyi ascended the throne, and would not have waited untill many years later. Prof. Wang's conjecture is that Zhao Pu used this pledge to show his support for Guangyi, in exchange for Guangyi's support for him to act against Lu Duoxun (Lu had persecuted Zhao Pu and other members of his family previously.)[[/note]]

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** Also zig-zagged with the "Golden Cabinet Pledge" (金匮之盟). While many historians doubt its historical authenticity, it has its supporters as well. The series itself adopts a middle ground: while Lady Du did state her request to Zhao Pu and Kuangyin, Zhao Pu refused to commit the pledge to paper and implored Kuangyin to forget about it as well.[[note]]Professor Wang Liqun's opinion on the matter is that Lady Du could not possibly know when Kuangyin will die, and by extension how old his heir will be at the time. Next, if such a pledge really existed, Zhao Pu would have revealed it when Guangyi ascended the throne, and would not have waited untill many years later. Prof. Wang's conjecture is that Zhao Pu used this pledge to show his support for Guangyi, in exchange for Guangyi's support for him to act against Lu Duoxun (Lu had persecuted Zhao Pu and other members of his family previously.)[[/note]]) Be that as it may, the fact that Guangyi was the longest serving governor of Kaifeng ''ever'' (for 15 years, before his ascension to the throne) stands out. If Kuangyin had absolutely no intention of making Guangyi heir, such a move would have greatly endangered his intended heir.[[/note]]
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* TheLostLenore: For Kuangyin, Empress Wang. For 5 years after her death, he did not elevate another woman to the throne.

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* TheLostLenore: For Kuangyin, Empress Wang. For 5 years after her death, he did not elevate another woman to the throne.position.

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** Zhao Hongyin's death was greatly dramatised in-series. [[note]]Historically, his death occurred on the 26th day of the 7th lunar month of 956 CE (roughly corresponding to 3 September; hardly a time of harsh winters anywhere in China).[[/note]]

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** Zhao Hongyin's death was and Empress Wang's deaths were greatly dramatised in-series. [[note]]Historically, his Hongyin's death occurred on the 26th day of the 7th lunar month of 956 CE (roughly corresponding to 3 September; hardly a time of harsh winters anywhere in China).China). Similarly, while Empress Wang did die young (she was in her early 20s when she passed), her death was not treated as suspicious.[[/note]]


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*TheLostLenore: For Kuangyin, Empress Wang. For 5 years after her death, he did not elevate another woman to the throne.

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** Kuangyin hitting the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament alludes to the story of "the sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (斧声烛影) in literature and folklore, alleging that Guangyi murdered his brother for the throne.

to:

** Kuangyin hitting the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament alludes to the story of "the sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (斧声烛影) in literature and folklore, alleging which alleged that Guangyi murdered his brother for the throne.
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Added DiffLines:

**Kuangyin hitting the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament alludes to the story of "the sound of the axe in the shadow of the flickering candle" (斧声烛影) in literature and folklore, alleging that Guangyi murdered his brother for the throne.
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* CharacterTics: After Kuangyin became emperor, whenever he encounters any frustration in his study, he would hit the wooden tabletop with an axe-head shaped jade ornament.

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** Historically, no coup took place on the day Kuangyin was born. However, it is historically true that in the year ''before'' his birth, a coup did take place involving his father Hongyin's benefactor. [[note]]Li Cunxu, posthumously known as Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang, had promoted Hongyin to be part of the imperial guard at Luoyang. Li was killed in 926 C.E. in what would be known as the "Mutiny at Xing Jiao Gate" (兴教门之变).[[/note]]

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** Historically, no coup took place on the day Kuangyin was born. However, it is historically true that in the year ''before'' his birth, a coup did take place involving his father Hongyin's benefactor. [[note]]Li Cunxu, posthumously known as Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang, had promoted Hongyin to be part of the imperial guard at Luoyang.Luoyang (where Kuangyin was born). Li was killed in 926 C.E. in what would be known as the "Mutiny at Xing Jiao Gate" (兴教门之变).[[/note]]


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**Historically, it was Kuangyin's third daughter who married Wei Renpu's son, not his eldest.

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** Zig-zagged with his escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort.

to:

** Zig-zagged with his escort of Jing-niang. Traditionally, this story was recorded in literature and opera. However, Professor Wang Liqun of the University of Henan is of the opinion that there are elements of truth in the story. At the same time, the original story only had Kuangyin himself doing the escort. Also, Jing-niang did not enter the palace after Kuangyin became emperor.

Changed: -27

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** Again zig-zagged with Zheng En. There is still controversy on whether he existed, as traditional histories did not have records on him. However, like Jing-niang, he appears in another traditional opera story "Executing the Yellow Robe" (斩黄袍) [[note]]Also known as "(The Wrongful)Execution of Zheng En" ((错)斩郑恩). The original story has Kuangyin executing Zheng En over a concubine while being in a drunken stupor.[[/note]]

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** Again zig-zagged with Zheng En. There is still controversy on whether he existed, as traditional histories did not have records on him. However, like Jing-niang, he appears in another traditional opera story "Executing the Yellow Robe" (斩黄袍) [[note]]Also known as "(The Wrongful)Execution Wrongful) Execution of Zheng En" ((错)斩郑恩). The original story has Kuangyin executing Zheng En over a concubine while being in a drunken stupor.[[/note]]

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