Fan-produced translation of a foreign-language comic, produced by scanning individual pages into graphics files and then
replacing the original text with vernacular translations. The paper/jpeg equivalent of
Fansubs.
A good Scanlation requires a fair-quality scanner, and a good eye for which fonts are obtrusive and which are not. It's also important to carefully match the background shade when covering the untranslated text - a bright white box on a medium-gray word bubble can be painful and distracting. The best scanlations can come close to being indistinguishable from an unaltered manga page or in other words, close to a professionaly licensed manga page.
Some scanners of
hentai manga and
dojinshi dispense with the "heavy lifting" job of actually
translating foreign erotica and simply
write their own scripts to match the action - dubbed a "Rewrite". This can occasionally produce something
more amusing than the original, especially if it's a
Gag Dub-style "translation", or an explicit parody of bad rewrites. This does not work well with
Porn With Plot manga, obviously.
A major clampdown by publishers in the Summer of 2010 resulted in many Scanlation aggregator websites such as MangaHelpers and OneManga closing up shop... bad news if the manga you like are
No Export for You, licensed but out of print, or excessively delayed! However, both scanlation groups and reading sites are apparently subject to the
Hydra Problem. Neither are the
Broken Base tendencies in how Scanlations are viewed helping: they're either valid and well-meaning (for ethical ones at any rate) or immoral violators of copyright law.
Sometimes a scanlation is useful not only to circumvent a
non-existing official English translation, but also censorship in the official translation.
See also
Fan Subs for the
Anime version and
Fan Translation for the
video game version.