Line #13 UsefulNotes/Haiti


1	[[caption-width-right:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/Haiti_map_8390.gif]]
2
3	-> ''"The history of Haiti is not pretty, and Haiti is not in great shape right now. But, I'm proud to know them, proud to know their history...and I hope that from now on whenever you encounter news about Haiti, you feel a better connection to the country, and understand them a little better, because they deserve to be more to us than just 'the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.' They were once the Avengers of the New World."''
4	-->-- '''Creator/MikeDuncan''', ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'' 4.19 "The History of Haiti"
5
6	The Republic of Haiti ('''French''': ''République d'Haïti'', '''Haitian Creole''': ''Repiblik Ayiti'') occupies a little more than a third of the island of Hispaniola (now there's a famous name), with the UsefulNotes/DominicanRepublic taking the remainder. It is the most populous state in UsefulNotes/TheCaribbean, and, alongside UsefulNotes/{{Canada}}, one of the only two officially [[UsefulNotes/FrenchLanguage Francophone]] countries in the Americas.
7
8	Hispaniola was "discovered" by UsefulNotes/ChristopherColumbus on December 25th, 1492 when he accidentally crashed his flagship into it ([[DrunkDriver everyone on board had a bit too much to drink at the Christmas feast]]). The island was originally inhabited by Taíno Indians, which were promptly wiped out by smallpox and the Spanish colonizers[[note]]Though more recent genetic studies indicate that there was also a lot of cross-culture [[UnusualEuphemism scoodylpooping]] going on (which isn't surprising since rape of indigenous women by Spanish men was extremely pervasive); regardless, their culture mostly vanished[[/note]]. In 1697, Hispaniola was bisected to form the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present day Haiti) and the Spanish Santo Domingo (present day Dominican Republic) by the Treaty of Ryswick. UsefulNotes/{{France}} would later take over the entire island ''de jure'' in 1795, though by the time the last Spanish had left, Haiti was already independent in fact if not yet name.
9
10	The country was originally colonized by literal [[UsefulNotes/TheGoldenAgeOfPiracy Buccaneers]] (so named because they used to sell beef jerky[[note]]Made from the semi-feral cattle who'd been running around the island ever since the Spanish arrived[[/note]] made on wooden racks called ''bucannes'' before realizing that piracy paid better). But as ship raids grew more difficult to pull off, most of these scallywags settled down to become plantation owners, mainly growing sugarcane and coffee (via slave labor). The business rapidly became incredibly profitable, and the colony dealt with this by importing hundreds of thousands of slaves from UsefulNotes/{{Africa}} to increase production. By the 1780s, Saint-Domingue--what the French called the territory--was supplying something like three quarters of the world's supply of sugar and coffee, which France could sell at high margins to make Saint-Domingue the single most profitable UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}an colony by a country mile (yes, even more profitable than [[UsefulNotes/TheRaj India]]).
11
12	The cost of this was a [[FateWorseThanDeath mind-bogglingly brutal]] form of slavery, the like of which has not been seen anywhere before or since. It was said that half of the slaves sent to work in the fields died within five years.[[note]]The French had accounting methods to allow for the depreciation of a slave in 5 years - they expected them to be worked literally to death.[[/note]] Some of this was the [[ATasteOfTheLash harsh discipline]] on the plantations; some of it was the combination of long hours and maltreatment; some of it was the sheer difficulty of harvesting sugarcane (the plant is notoriously difficult to cut by hand and has razor-sharp leaves--which leaves can easily give you a nasty cut, which cut can easily become infected in the Haitian climate); and some of it--possibly most of it--was what we today would call [[NoOSHACompliance industrial accidents]] caused by the owners' complete disregard to safety in the interest of profit and speed, especially on sugar plantations (which used a lot of heavy machinery to extract the sugar, and which extraction process frequently involved situations where a slave could be exposed to massive industrial juice presses and large amounts of sticky, hot molten sugar).
13
14	Life for a slave was a good bit less bad on the coffee plantations of the southern mountains; coffee production doesn't require a lot of machinery for processing, and harvesting coffee is less backbreaking and more tedious and eyewateringly boring. Also, coffee grew in the mountains, which were cooler than the plains where cane grew and thus had less risk of nasty tropical diseases. Moreover, coffee plantations tended to be smaller affairs run by a resident owner rather than the massive, almost-corporate canefields run by the French trading houses for the production of sugar, so punishments tended not to be ''quite'' as horrible. Still, slavery is slavery; the punishments were still pretty brutal, and the loss of dignity is enough to offend anyone (also, somewhere in between sugar and coffee in terms of brutality and danger to the slaves were the indigo plantations that dotted the mountain foothills).
15
16	However, Haiti soon came to be dominated by a mixed-race upper class in addition to the extremely small white upper class known as Grands Blancs. The Petits Blancs (Small Whites) who mostly owned no slaves and worked in mid to low-level jobs resented the fact that the free coloreds were often economically better off and insisted on increasingly racist laws, which in turn arose the ire of the free coloreds.
17
18	This all changed in 1791. Inspired by the egalitarian sentiments of UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution, and the fact that they outnumbered the whites 10-to-1, the slaves (aided by black freemen and mixed-race mulattos plus a shamefully small smattering of high-minded whites) revolted. Despite the heavy resistance ([[CrazyPrepared the slavemasters had been preparing for such revolt all their lives]]), the rebellion, led by the self-taught military genius Toussaint Louverture[[labelnote:*]]last name sometimes rendered as L'Ouverture[[/labelnote]], quickly swept over the entire island, forcing the French [[ThePoliticalOfficer Commissioner]] Léger-Félicité Sonthonax to emancipate all of the slaves in 1794.
19
20	Despite this, Louverture was actually quite proud to be French and would have been content leaving Haiti an internally autonomous French colony. "Papa Toussaint" drafted a constitution for Saint-Domingue that first and foremost declared the island's loyalty to France. It then proceeded to outline the "Louverturian state", a system of what amounted to enlightened absolutism, with all power given to the Governor-General--Toussaint himself--and managed by the one functioning institution in the region--the army. But the system Louverture envisioned was also rigorously legalistic, defined by strict codes that applied to everyone (except the Governor-General, of course) and enforced the legal equality of the races. However, "cultivators"--that is, the old plantation field slaves--were still required to work on the plantation, as for all that Louverture--himself a Black ex-slave--truly believed in equality of the races, he could not see any viable economic model for the colony other than plantation agriculture selling cash crops to the world.
21
22	Louverture hoped this would be enough to keep the French metropole from interfering further in the island's affairs. After all, "rigorously legalistic enlightened absolutism" is a fair description of the state UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte was building for himself back in France. However, UsefulNotes/NapoleonBonaparte attempted to reintroduce slavery and sent over an army to enforce the edict. Yellow fever and the seasoned Haitian army made short work of the French and Haiti became independent in 1804, the first state in recorded history to undergo a successful slave revolution and the second state in UsefulNotes/TheAmericas to achieve independence after the [[UsefulNotes/TheAmericanRevolution United States]].[[note]]Despite this, the US had a complicated-at-best relationship with the Hatian revolutionaries. On the one hand, the Southern planter aristocracy feared that Haiti's example would [[DoubleStandard inspire a Black slave rebellion at home]]. On the other hand, an independent Saint-Domingue/Haiti would be outside the closed mercantilist economy of the French colonial empire and therefore free to trade with the United States, attracting Northern merchants to the potential profits. During Toussaint's reign, the Northern interests won out, with Saint-Domingue being explicitly exempted from the general embargo of the French Empire. However, the endless wars in Haiti cut deeply into the potential profits, lessening Northern interest in supporting independence. The final blow was UsefulNotes/ThomasJefferson and his Democratic-Republican Party's victory over UsefulNotes/JohnAdams and his Federalists in the election of 1800, which brought to power a U.S. government dominated by Southern slaveholders (not least Jefferson himself). The United States maintained a stubborn position of nonrecognition towards independent Haiti until 1862, after the Southern slaveholding interests removed themselves from the equation by [[UsefulNotes/TheAmericanCivilWar revolting against the United States]].[[/note]] However, Louverture--who, interestingly, never once declared formal independence during his time as leader of the country--was captured by the French, who were using the FalseReassurance of a parley. He died in a French jail in 1803.
23
24	Louverture was succeeded by the radical Black supremacist Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who [[ReignOfTerror massacred most White Haitians]] remaining in Haiti in revenge, and styled himself after his old enemy Napoleon by [[FullCircleRevolution declaring himself Emperor of Haiti]], as the country became more autocratic. Dessalines was quickly assassinated, and the country was [[EvilPowerVacuum divided in two]]. General Henri Christophe established [[TheEmpire State of Haiti]] (later Kingdom of Haiti) to the north, which was if nothing else an attempt to revive old Papa Toussaint's vision of an enlightened autocracy ruling over a plantation economy in the context of racial equality (without the Whites Dessalines had killed). In the south, the Colored leader Alexandre Pétion established the [[TheRepublic Republic of Haiti]]; this was originally a genuine attempt to establish a constitutional regime (albeit one with relatively minimal popular participation), but Pétion gradually assumed more and more power in himself.[[note]]It was during this period, incidentally, that none other than UsefulNotes/SimonBolivar landed in Les Cayes in Pétion's Republic of Haiti, and went up to Port-au-Prince to meet Pétion himself. The two became friends, and Pétion agreed to help Bolívar in his effort to liberate his homeland of UsefulNotes/{{Venezuela}}--on condition that Bolívar (a rich White slaveholder) committed to racial equality and the abolition of slavery in the liberated Venezuela. Bolívar agreed--and [[IGaveMyWord kept his word]], both manumitting his own slaves as soon as he got back to Venezuela and insisting that emancipation and equality be put in the constitution of every South American nation he liberated.[[/note]] However, for a variety of reasons, Pétion abandoned the plantation-centered model and allowed Haitians of all (well, both) races to establish smaller, self-owned farms. This meant that the economy basically stopped producing sugar (the single most lucrative crop of pre-revolutionary Saint-Domingue), but oh well, at least the people were quiet.
25
26	Meanwhile, the Spanish Empire defeated the remaining French and recolonized eastern Hispaniola. However, the two Haitian states eventually reunified, and took over the eastern Spanish-speaking part of Hispaniola in 1822.
27
28	Despite losing the war, the French returned in 1825 to demand the Haitians pay an indemnity for French property losses incurred due to the war. In exchange, the French said, they'd recognize Haitian independence. The Haitian president of the day, Jean-Pierre Boyer (an old lieutenant of Pétion), agonized over this decision for weeks, knowing that the amount they were asking (the figure amounted to 100 million francs, or $21 billion today) was (1) exorbitant and (2) insulting, as the amount demanded clearly included "compensation" for the lost value of slaves, and was thus asking the Haitians to "buy" with cash the freedom they had won with their blood, sweat, and tears. But recognition by France was potentially the key to economic success, since if France recognized Haiti, so would the rest of the world. Also, [[GunboatDiplomacy the French had a navy and Haiti really did not]], and it seemed like [[AnOfferYouCantRefuse the French would have no qualms using that navy against Haiti should Boyer turn down their offer]].
29
30	In the end, Boyer swallowed his pride and accepted the deal. France did indeed recognize Haitian independence, and the rest of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}[[note]]Though, pointedly, ''not'' the United States, at least not until [[UsefulNotes/AmericanCivilWar the rebellion of most of the Southern slave states]] meant that there was no longer a significant lobby worried about the prospect of spreading slave revolution[[/note]] followed suit. But alas for Haiti, recognition did not bring prosperity. Haiti was forced to take out gigantic high-interest loans from French banks to pay the indemnity. While Haiti managed to pay off the French government in the mid-19th century, they didn't fully pay back the banks[[note]]Which by this point were mostly ''American'' banks, and in particular the First National City Bank of New York (today’s Citibank), the French banks having sold the Haitian debt around the start of the 20th century[[/note]] until '''1947'''.
31
32	Meanwhile, Boyer's regime was facing trouble in the Spanish-speaking of the eastern part of the island due to their incompetent rule. They fought against Haitian rule and won their independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. The new Dominican Republic, beset by economic troubles, in turn asked to be re-colonized by the Spanish (the only place ever to be colonized three times by the same European power), but the move was highly unpopular, and this time Haiti actually [[EnemyMine lent aid]] to the Dominican independence movement they once fought against. The Spanish were forced to withdraw in 1865, the year in which the UsefulNotes/AmericanCivilWar ended. With it ended any hope of going against the Monroe Doctrine unchallenged.
33
34	Since then the country has undergone a succession of coups, repeated occupation by the USA, the rule of the father-and-son despots known as "Papa Doc" and "Baby Doc" Duvalier (the latter rising to power at ''19''), and a struggle to establish a democratic system following the Duvaliers. [[HopeSpot Things were finally settling down politically]], just in time for a horrific earthquake to hit in the January of 2010, and the country has yet to fully recover from the loss of infrastructure. In July of 2021, president Jovenel Moïse was killed by assassins and found with a gouged eye and 12 bullet wounds inside his home. Ariel Henry (whom many suspect played a part in the assassination) became acting president and prime minister, the legislative assembly was dissolved, and the country's rule of law and order collapsed as gangs took over. Eventually, Henry was pressured to resign and leave the country. In April 2024, the nine-member Transitional Presidential Council was sworn in to lead Haiti until 2026 or the next presidential election.
35	----
36	!!Culture
37
38	* Myth/GbeMythology
39	* Myth/YorubaMythology
40
41	!!Notable Haitians and people of Haitian descent:
42	* Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, the person regarded as the founder of the US city of UsefulNotes/{{Chicago}} as well as its first non-native settler. Some sources claim that he originated from the French colony of Hispaniola (what is today's Haiti), and, while the authenticity of these are disputed, what is certain about him is that he was black and he came from a French colony.
43	* Reggis Fils-Aime, 3rd President of Creator/{{Nintendo}} America, was born to Haitian immigrants, who left Haiti because their parents (i.e. Reggie's grandparents, on both sides of the family) started having harsh political disputes among each other.
44	* Creator/GarcelleBeauvais grew up in Haiti before moving to the US when she was seven.
45	* Creator/GaryDourdan, one of the original cast members of ''Series/{{CSI}}''.
46	* David Jolicoeur, also known as "Trugoy the Dove", one third of the hip hop group Music/DeLaSoul.
47	* Two of the three members of Music/TheFugees, Wyclef Jean and Pras Michel, are Haitian-Americans. The group was named after the derogatory word for Haitian refugees in the United States.
48	* Creator/JimmyJeanLouis, best known for playing "The Haitian" in ''Series/{{Heroes}}''. He moved to Europe when he was twelve to pursue a modeling career, but remains a Haitian citizen.
49	* Creator/MetaGolding was born in India to Haitian parents, though she grew up in the US.
50	* Jon Theodore, current drummer for Music/QueensOfTheStoneAge and formerly of Music/TheMarsVolta.
51	* Creator/JamieHector is of Haitian descent and raised money to support the victims of the 2010 earthquake.
52	* Creator/MarlyneBarrett (''Series/TheWire'', ''Series/ChicagoMed'').
53	* Tony Award-winning actress Creator/NikkiMJames was born in New Jersey to a Vincentian father and Haitian mother.
54	* Creator/EricAndre, of ''Series/TheEricAndreShow'' fame, is of American Jewish and Haitian descent and identifies as Black Jewish.
55	* Creator/NataliePaul (''Series/ShowMeAHero'').
56	* Music/JasonDerulo (real name Jason Joel Desrouleaux) was born in Florida to Haitian parents and grew up speaking Haitian Creole as his first language. His last name is nigh-unreadable to Anglophones, so he respelled it based on how it is actually pronounced: Derulo.
57	* Rapper Music/TwentyOneSavage (Shéyaa Bin Abraham-Joseph) is of Haitian descent on his father's side.
58	* Creator/JharrelJerome, born to a Haitian father and a Dominican mother, is the first Afro-Latino to win an Emmy for ''Series/WhenTheySeeUs''.
59
60	!!Haiti in fiction
61	Haiti is mostly known for [[HollywoodVoodoo voodoo]] (despite being 95% Christian), specifically the Hollywood portrayal of it. While [[UsefulNotes/{{Voudoun}} Vodou]] is a part of Haitian tradition (even among Christians, Vodou practitioners are often seen as having supernatural powers), the perception of the faith situation in Haiti is almost certainly due to the influence of the Duvalier family; Papa Doc used the religion as a weapon of terror against the populace.
62	----
63	* ''Film/QuantumOfSolace''
64	* Saint-Monique in ''Film/LiveAndLetDie'' is a NoCelebritiesWereHarmed HollywoodAtlas depiction.
65	* ''Film/TheSerpentAndTheRainbow''
66	* Creator/DannyGlover's pet project is a {{biopic}} of Toussaint Louverture (the leader of the aforementioned slave revolt). He's [[DevelopmentHell had a hard time getting funding]], primarily (it is said) [[MinorityShowGhetto because the film would have no or virtually no]] [[MightyWhitey white]] [[WhiteMaleLead people]].
67	* ''Literature/IslandBeneathTheSea'' takes place against the backdrop of the Haitian revolution.
68	* Music/ArcadeFire's song "Haiti" (from ''Funeral'') is about the days of Duvalier. Frontwoman Régine Chassagne is the daughter of white Haitian emigrants to Quebec; her parents lost several relatives in the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremie_Vespers Jérémie Vespers]] and other Duvalier-era mass-murders.
69	* Creator/AlexandreDumas ''père'' was of Haitian descent through his father, Napoleonic general [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas Thomas-Alexandre Dumas]].
70	* Music/{{Santana}}'s self-titled 1971 album had a track titled "Toussaint L'Overture" (''sic''). However, Louverture's name [[NonAppearingTitle isn't in the lyrics]], which are all in Spanish.
71	* Music/SteelyDan's "Haitian Divorce" references a [[ForgottenTrope long-forgotten practice]] of New Yorkers [[DivorceInReno going to Haiti to get a divorce]] (NY divorce law is typically about two steps behind everyone else, not getting non-consensual no-fault divorce until 2010--most other jurisdictions had had it since the 70s or 80s). The woman in the song [[SexTourism also has a fling with a hot Haitian guy]] while in the country to her papers, leading to a [[ChocolateBaby particularly obvious child]].
72	* Season 4 of ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'' by Creator/MikeDuncan deals with the Haitian Revolution. Duncan is particularly hard on slavery and all its supporters. He also has some choice words for Dessalines' massacre of the remaining whites in 1804--which he noted, in the apocryphal words of Talleyrand, "[[DoWrongRight was worse than a crime, it was a mistake]]" (in Duncan's analysis, Dessalines's genocide both made it impossible for Haiti to win recognition of its independence abroad and sowed the seeds of his own eventual assassination at home). Still, he came out with a deep, deep respect for Haiti, its history, and its people, as did most of his listeners, as reflected by his parting words on the season (now the page quote).
73	* Graham Greene's novel ''The Comedians'' and its [[Film/TheComedians1967 film adaptation]] are about a bunch of white people who get mixed up in a revolt against the Duvalier regime.
74	* ''Literature/TheMoonlitVine'': In this YA novel, Anacaona, a Taino chieftain from Ayiti, before being executed by the Spaniards in 1503 passes sacred artifacts to her daughter Higüamota. In turn Higüamota escapes to Amoná (now Mona Island) and passes these along to her own daughter. The artifacts eventually make their way down to the novel's 14-year-old modern-day protagonist.
75	----
76	[[AC:The Haitian flag]]
77
78	https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/haiti_flag_9925.png
79	->The blue and red halves are derived from the ''Tricolore'', symbolizing the black majority and peoples of mixed descent, respectively. At the center is the coat-of-arms, featuring a Phrygian cap, a symbol of liberty, perched atop a palm tree. The tree is surrounded by six flags, symbolizing Haiti, which are in turn surrounded by tools of war, such as guns, cannons, anchors and a drum, symbolizing the Haitians' readiness to defend their homeland and their hard-won freedom.
80	----
81	[[AC:The Haitian national anthem]]
82
83	->Pour le Pays, Pour les ancêtres,
84	->Marchons unis, Marchons unis.
85	->Dans nos rangs point de traîtres!
86	->Du sol soyons seuls maîtres.
87	->Marchons unis, Marchons unis
88	->Pour le Pays, Pour les ancêtres,
89	->Marchons, marchons, marchons unis,
90	->Pour le Pays, Pour les ancêtres...
91
92	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie
93	->Bêchons joyeux, bêchons joyeux
94	->Quand le champ fructifie
95	->L'âme se fortifie
96	->Bêchons joyeux, bêchons joyeux
97	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie
98	->Bêchons, bêchons, bêchons joyeux
99	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie.
100
101	->Pour le Pays et pour nos Pères
102	->Formons des Fils, formons des Fils
103	->Libres, forts et prospères
104	->Toujours nous serons frères
105	->Formons des Fils, formons des Fils
106	->Pour le Pays et pour nos Pères
107	->Formons, formons, formons des Fils
108	->Pour le Pays et pour nos Pères.
109
110	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie
111	->O Dieu des Preux, O Dieu des Preux!
112	->Sous ta garde infinie
113	->Prends nos droits, notre vie
114	->O Dieu des Preux, O Dieu des Preux!
115	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie
116	->O Dieu, O Dieu, O Dieu des Preux
117	->Pour les Aïeux, pour la Patrie.
118
119	->Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie
120	->Mourir est beau, mourir est beau!
121	->Notre passé nous crie:
122	->Ayez l'âme aguerrie!
123	->Mourir est beau, mourir est beau
124	->Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie
125	->Mourir, mourir, mourir est beau
126	->Pour le Drapeau, pour la Patrie.
127
128	--
129
130	->For the country,
131	->For the ancestors,
132	->Let us march. Let us march united.
133	->Let there be no traitors in our ranks!
134	->Let us be masters of our soil.
135	->United let us march
136	->For the country,
137	->For the ancestors.
138
139	->For the forefathers,
140	->For the country
141	->Let us toil joyfully.
142	->When the field is fertile
143	->Our soul strengthens.
144	->Let us toil joyfully
145	->For our forebears,
146	->For our country.
147
148	->For the country
149	->And for the forefathers,
150	->Let us train our sons
151	->Free, strong, and prosperous,
152	->We shall always be brothers.
153	->Let us train our sons
154	->For the country
155	->And for the forefathers.
156
157	->For the forefathers,
158	->For the country,
159	->Oh God of the valiant!
160	->Take our rights and our life
161	->Under your infinite protection,
162	->Oh God of the valiant!
163	->For the forefathers,
164	->For the country.
165
166	->For the flag,
167	->For the country
168	->To die is a glorious deed!
169	->Our past cries out to us:
170	->Have a seasoned soul!
171	->To die is a glorious deed,
172	->For the flag,
173	->For the country.
174
175	--
176
177	->Pou Ayiti peyi Zansèt yo
178	->Se pou-nou mache men nan lamen
179	->Nan mitan-nou pa fèt pou gen trèt
180	->Nou fèt pou-nou sèl mèt tèt nou.
181	->Annou mache men nan lamen
182	->Pou Ayiti ka vin pi bèl
183	->Annou, annou, met tèt ansanm
184	->Pou Ayiti onon tout Zansèt yo.
185
186	->Pou Ayiti onon Zansèt yo
187	->Se pou-nou sekle se pou-nou plante
188	->Se nan tè tout fòs nou chita
189	->Se li-ki ba nou manje
190	->Ann bite tè, ann voye wou
191	->Ak kè kontan, fòk tè a bay
192	->Sekle, wouze, fanm tankou gason
193	->Pou-nou rive viv ak sèl fòs ponyèt nou.
194
195	->Pou Ayiti ak pou Zansèt yo
196	->Fo nou kapab vanyan gason
197	->Moun pa fèt pou ret avèk moun
198	->Se sa-ki fè tout Manman ak tout Papa
199	->Dwe pou voye Timoun lekòl
200	->Pou yo aprann, pou yo konnen
201	->Sa Tousen, Desalin, Kristòf, Petyon
202	->Te fè pou wet Ayisyen anba bòt blan.
203
204	->Pou Ayiti onon Zansèt yo
205	->Ann leve tèt nou gad anlè
206	->Pou tout moun mande Granmèt la
207	->Pou-li ba nou pwoteksyon
208	->Pou move zanj pa detounen-n
209	->Pou-nou ka mache nan bon chimen
210	->Pou libète ka libète
211	->Fòk lajistis blayi sou peyi a!
212
213	->Nou gen drapo tankou tout pèp
214	->Se pou nou renmen-li mouri pou li
215	->Se pa kado blan te fè nou
216	->Se san Zansèt nou yo ki te koule
217	->Pou nou kenbe drapo nou wo
218	->Se pou nou travay met tèt ansanm.
219	->Pou lòt peyi ka respekte-li
220	->Drapo sila a se nanm tout Ayisyen.
221
222	--
223
224	->For Haiti, the Country of the Ancestors
225	->we must walk hand in hand
226	->There must not be traitors among us--
227	->We alone must be our master
228	->Let's walk hand in hand
229	->that Haiti may be more beautiful
230	->Let us put our heads together
231	->for Haiti on behalf of all the ancestors
232
233	->For Haiti on the behalf of the Ancestors
234	->Let us mow, let us sow.
235	->All our strength rests in the soul--
236	->It is what feeds us.
237	->Let us mound up earth, let us send water
238	->With joy, the earth must be fertile
239	->Mow, water, women and men
240	->that we may live by our own arms' strength alone.
241
242	->For Haiti and for the Ancestors
243	->We must be courageous, capable men.
244	->People are not born to serve others
245	->That is why all mothers and fathers
246	->Need to send children to school,
247	->to learn, to know
248	->what Toussaint, Dessalines, Christophe, Pétion
249	->did to take Haitians from under the whites' boot.
250
251	->For Haiti on the behalf of the Ancestors
252	->Let us raise our head and look above.
253	->Let everyone to ask the Lord
254	->to grant us protection
255	->that the evil angels may not divert us,
256	->that we may walk in the right path.
257	->For liberty to be able to liberate,
258	->justice must spread over the country!
259
260	->We have a flag like all peoples.
261	->Let us love it, die for it.
262	->It was not a gift from the whites--
263	->It was our Ancestors' blood that was shed.
264	->Let us hold our flag high.
265	->Let us work together and focus
266	->that other countries may respect it
267	->This flag is the soul of every Haitian.
268	----
269	[[AC:Government]]
270	* Unitary semi-presidential republic under an interim government
271	** Transitional Presidential Council: Edgard Leblanc Fils, Smith Augustin, Fritz Jean, Leslie Voltaire, Laurent St Cyr, Louis Gérald Gilles, Emmanuel Vertilaire, Frinel Joseph, and Régine Abraham[[note]]The Haitian presidency is currently held by a nine-member transitional council, which has a mandate to rule the country until 2026 or the next presidential election.[[/note]]
272	** Prime Minister: Michel Patrick Boisvert (acting)
273	** President of the Senate: - (vacant)
274	** President of the Chamber of Deputies: - (vacant)
275	----
276	[[AC:Miscellaneous]]
277	* '''Capital and largest city:''' Port-au-Prince
278	* '''Population:''' 11,439,646
279	* '''Area:''' 27,750 sq km (10,710 sq mi) (143rd)
280	* '''Currency''': Haitian gourde (G) (HTG)
281	* '''ISO-3166-1 Code:''' HT
282	* '''Country calling code:''' 509
283	* '''Highest point:''' Pic la Selle (2680 m/8,793 ft) (83rd)

Context UsefulNotes / Haiti