Follow TV Tropes

Following

History Main / CollectibleCardGame

Go To

OR

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''TabletopGame/{{Lorcana}}'', a Creator/{{Disney}}-themed game.

to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Lorcana}}'', ''TabletopGame/DisneyLorcana'', a Creator/{{Disney}}-themed game.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:


* ''TabletopGame/{{Shadowrun}} had a [=CCG=] that was also made by Wizards of the Coast at the same time as the ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' card game was released. Unlike ''[=BattleTech=]'', however, it was unpopular and canceled after the core set was released, with no expansions.

to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Shadowrun}} ''TabletopGame/{{Shadowrun}}'' had a [=CCG=] that was also made by Wizards of the Coast at the same time as the ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' card game was released. Unlike ''[=BattleTech=]'', however, it was unpopular and canceled after the core set was released, with no expansions.

Changed: 68

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** ''TabletopGame/StarWarsCustomizableCardGame'' by Decipher, the first ''Star Wars'' TCG, active between 1995-2001.

to:

** ''TabletopGame/StarWarsCustomizableCardGame'' by Decipher, the first ''Star Wars'' TCG, active between 1995-2001.''TabletopGame/StarWarsCustomizableCardGame''

Changed: 507

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''TabletopGame/{{Spellfire}}'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art." After Wizards finally cancelled it, a small group bought the rights to it and turned it into an online game that is currently in alpha testing.

to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Spellfire}}'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art." After Wizards finally cancelled it, a small group bought the rights to it and turned it into an online game that is currently in alpha testing.
''TabletopGame/{{Spellfire}}''

Changed: 539

Removed: 522

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
Spellfire page created



to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Spellfire}}'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art." After Wizards finally cancelled it, a small group bought the rights to it and turned it into an online game that is currently in alpha testing.



* ''Spellfire'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art." After Wizards finally cancelled it, a small group bought the rights to it and turned it into an online game that is currently in alpha testing.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


The [[TropeMaker first CCG]] was Wizard of the Coast's ''TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering'', which achieved major success and is still a major player in the genre. Currently, Creator/{{Nintendo}}'s ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}'' is the '''most sold''' card game in the world, with [[CrackIsCheaper 25.7]] ''[[CrackIsCheaper billion]]'' [[CrackIsCheaper cards]] sold as of March 2018. ''Magic The Gathering'' has sold at least over 22 billion cards as of 2016, and Creator/{{Konami}}'s ''[[Tabletopgame/YuGiOh Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' has sold over 25.2 billion cards up to 2011. These three [=CCGs=] are collectively known as the "Big Three" of collectible card games.

to:

The [[TropeMaker first CCG]] was Wizard of the Coast's ''TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering'', which achieved major success and is still a major player in the genre. Currently, Creator/{{Nintendo}}'s ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}'' ''TabletopGame/PokemonTradingCardGame'' is the '''most sold''' card game in the world, with [[CrackIsCheaper 25.7]] ''[[CrackIsCheaper billion]]'' [[CrackIsCheaper cards]] sold as of March 2018. ''Magic The Gathering'' has sold at least over 22 billion cards as of 2016, and Creator/{{Konami}}'s ''[[Tabletopgame/YuGiOh Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' has sold over 25.2 billion cards up to 2011. These three [=CCGs=] are collectively known as the "Big Three" of collectible card games.



* ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''

to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''
''TabletopGame/PokemonTradingCardGame''



* Season 9 of ''WebVideo/{{Hermitcraft}}'' had an in-series one created by ''LetsPlay/VintageBeef'' which borrowed most of its rules from ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''.

to:

* Season 9 of ''WebVideo/{{Hermitcraft}}'' had an in-series one created by ''LetsPlay/VintageBeef'' which borrowed most of its rules from ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''.
the ''TabletopGame/PokemonTradingCardGame''.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* The ''VS System'', a [=TCG=] built around comic books, primarily those of Creator/{{Marvel|Comics}} and Creator/{{DC|Comics}}, that was reasonably successful for a while. There were at three earlier attempts to make a comic book [=TCG=]: Overpower (Marvel, then DC), [=ReCharge=] (Marvel only), and the Edutainment card game Genio involving Marvel superheroes.

to:

* The ''VS System'', a [=TCG=] built around comic books, primarily those of Creator/{{Marvel|Comics}} and Creator/{{DC|Comics}}, that was reasonably successful for a while. There were at least three earlier attempts to make a comic book [=TCG=]: Overpower (Marvel, then DC), [=ReCharge=] (Marvel only), and the Edutainment card game Genio involving Marvel superheroes.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* Season 9 of the ''LetsPlay/HermitcraftServer'' had an in-series one created by ''LetsPlay/VintageBeef'' which borrowed most of its rules from ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''.

to:

* Season 9 of the ''LetsPlay/HermitcraftServer'' ''WebVideo/{{Hermitcraft}}'' had an in-series one created by ''LetsPlay/VintageBeef'' which borrowed most of its rules from ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''.



Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* The ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' [=CCG=] made by TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering creator, Richard Garfield. It saw about half a dozen expansion sets and a revamp of the main set (Commander's Edition) before folding. By [=CCG=] standards, that's fairly respectable. Even then, its folding was caused by FASA's buyout by Decipher, a rival to Wizards of the Coast who were releasing the CCG.

to:

* The ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' [=CCG=] made by TabletopGame/MagicTheGathering creator, Richard Garfield. It saw about half a dozen expansion sets and a revamp of the main set (Commander's Edition) before folding. By [=CCG=] standards, that's fairly respectable.respectable (for a brief time after its release it even outsold Magic The Gathering). Even then, its folding was caused by FASA's buyout by Decipher, a rival to Wizards of the Coast who were releasing the CCG.




to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Shadowrun}} had a [=CCG=] that was also made by Wizards of the Coast at the same time as the ''TabletopGame/BattleTech'' card game was released. Unlike ''[=BattleTech=]'', however, it was unpopular and canceled after the core set was released, with no expansions.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''Spellfire'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art."

to:

* ''Spellfire'', a hastily put together CCG based on ''TabletopGame/DungeonsAndDragons'' and mostly reused art, created by Creator/{{TSR}} to cash in on the Magic fad while it lasted. Three years later, TSR went ''bankrupt'' and was bought by WOTC, the creators of Magic... but not before being reduced to using photos of TSR employees in extremely crude costumes as card "art."" After Wizards finally cancelled it, a small group bought the rights to it and turned it into an online game that is currently in alpha testing.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
No page on TV Tropes


* ''{{VideoGame/Shadowverse}} EVOLVE'', a physical adaptation of digital CCG ''Shadowverse''.

to:

* ''{{VideoGame/Shadowverse}} EVOLVE'', a physical adaptation of digital CCG ''Shadowverse''.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''VideoGame/Shadowverse EVOLVE'', a physical adaptation of digital CCG ''Shadowverse''.

to:

* ''VideoGame/Shadowverse ''{{VideoGame/Shadowverse}} EVOLVE'', a physical adaptation of digital CCG ''Shadowverse''.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None



to:

* ''VideoGame/Shadowverse EVOLVE'', a physical adaptation of digital CCG ''Shadowverse''.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''Franchise/{{Transformers}}'' had at least two, both primarily based on the [[Film/{{Transformers}} live-action movies]]. The first was a "3D Battle-Card Game": characters were represented as punch-out buildable cards that could either be built as vehicles/animals or out-of-proportion OffModel robots ([[http://tfwiki.net/w2/images2/thumb/1/10/3DBattleCard_OptimusPrime.jpg/300px-3DBattleCard_OptimusPrime.jpg here's Optimus, for those interested]]), and the game could easily be played without the card models. Only two sets were released. The second is a more traditional TCG, currently exclusive to Japan; time will tell whether it'll be more successful.

to:

* ''Franchise/{{Transformers}}'' had at least two, both primarily based on the [[Film/{{Transformers}} live-action movies]].''Film/TransformersFilmSeries''. The first was a "3D Battle-Card Game": characters were represented as punch-out buildable cards that could either be built as vehicles/animals or out-of-proportion OffModel robots ([[http://tfwiki.net/w2/images2/thumb/1/10/3DBattleCard_OptimusPrime.jpg/300px-3DBattleCard_OptimusPrime.jpg here's Optimus, for those interested]]), and the game could easily be played without the card models. Only two sets were released. The second is a more traditional TCG, currently exclusive to Japan; time will tell whether it'll be more successful.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None



to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Lorcana}}'', a Creator/{{Disney}}-themed game.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** ''Victory Spark'', which pits attractive female characters against each others. Has characters from ''LightNovel/MayoiNekoOverrun'', ''Manga/ToLoveRu'', and ''Anime/HanasakuIroha''; the full list is somewhat long.

to:

** ''Victory Spark'', which pits attractive female characters against each others. Has characters from ''LightNovel/MayoiNekoOverrun'', ''Literature/MayoiNekoOverrun'', ''Manga/ToLoveRu'', and ''Anime/HanasakuIroha''; the full list is somewhat long.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None



to:

* ''VideoGame/DaikaijuuMonogatari'' spawned the fairly successful ''The Miracle of the Zone'' (MOZ) trading card game, which would have video game versions on the UsefulNotes/GameBoy and UsefulNotes/GameBoyColor and a manga tie-in. Unlike the video games, which have been released only in Japan, MOZ had made its way into the Chinese-language market. It has a follow-up [=TCG=], Miracle V Master, which also has a manga tie-in. If two's not enough, the sequel for the ''Daikaijuu Monogatari'' mascot SpinOff ''Poyon no Dungeon Room'' got its own [=TCG=] emphasizing on the franchise's adorable characters.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** ''TabletopGame/DigimonCardGame''

to:

** ''TabletopGame/DigimonCardGame''''TabletopGame/DigimonCardGame'' (the 2020 iteration)
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None

Added DiffLines:

** ''TabletopGame/DigimonCardGame''

Changed: 133

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.

to:

* ''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}''
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


[[AC:Based on Let's Plays]]
* Season 9 of the ''LetsPlay/HermitcraftServer'' had an in-series one created by ''LetsPlay/VintageBeef'' which borrowed most of its rules from ''TabletopGame/{{Pokemon}}''.



* ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycèe_Trading_Card_Game Lycèe Trading Card Game,]]''[[labelnote:*]]reads "ree-say"[[/labelnote]] CCG with mostly-Bishoujo characters from various popular {{Visual Novel}}s. Includes licensed characters from Franchise/Nasuverse, Creator/KeyVisualArts, Creator/AliceSoft, [[Creator/{{Utawarerumono}} Leaf]], Creator/NitroPlus, etc. [[http://www.lycee-tcg.com/card_list/index.cgi 6000+ cards]] and growing.

to:

* ''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycèe_Trading_Card_Game Lycèe Trading Card Game,]]''[[labelnote:*]]reads "ree-say"[[/labelnote]] CCG with mostly-Bishoujo characters from various popular {{Visual Novel}}s. Includes licensed characters from Franchise/Nasuverse, Franchise/{{Nasuverse}}, Creator/KeyVisualArts, Creator/AliceSoft, [[Creator/{{Utawarerumono}} Leaf]], Creator/NitroPlus, etc. [[http://www.lycee-tcg.com/card_list/index.cgi 6000+ cards]] and growing.


Added DiffLines:

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** ''Rage'', based on ''TabletopGame/WerewolfTheApocalypse''. This was published by two separate companies with two separate rulesets, one of which continues to receive fan expansions.

to:

** ''Rage'', based on ''TabletopGame/WerewolfTheApocalypse''. This was published by two separate companies with two separate rulesets, one of which continues to receive fan expansions. White Wolf would later come full circle by releasing a sourcebook with stats for the characters featured on the cards (some of which already had stat blocks from previous books, but some of which were unique to ''Rage'').
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* The {{Cosplay}} website "American Cosplay Paradise" parodies this phenomenon with its "American Cosplay Duel" game, originally intended as an April Fool's joke. The game represents [[MundaneMadeAwesome making/wearing costumes and entering them in masquerades]], and can ''technically'' be considered a multi-license game, except [[Anime/CodeGeass Lelouch]] isn't the real Lelouch, and [[LightNovel/HaruhiSuzumiya Haruhi]] isn't the real Haruhi, and... well, you get the picture...

to:

* The {{Cosplay}} website "American Cosplay Paradise" parodies this phenomenon with its "American Cosplay Duel" game, originally intended as an April Fool's joke. The game represents [[MundaneMadeAwesome making/wearing costumes and entering them in masquerades]], and can ''technically'' be considered a multi-license game, except [[Anime/CodeGeass Lelouch]] isn't the real Lelouch, and [[LightNovel/HaruhiSuzumiya [[Literature/HaruhiSuzumiya Haruhi]] isn't the real Haruhi, and... well, you get the picture...
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


* ''VideoGame/PhantasyStarOnline2 Trading Card Game'', in additional to your standard two-player duel rules, additionally has a "Raid Boss" co-op gameplay mode where two players team up to fight a boss monster.

to:

* ''VideoGame/PhantasyStarOnline2 Trading Card Game'', in additional to your standard two-player duel rules, additionally has a "Raid Boss" co-op gameplay mode where two players team up to fight a boss monster. Due to its relative unpopularity, the game was shelved after two years, with most of the later sets being turned into collector's boxes with 1 copy of every card from that set inside.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


** Bandai later took the "engine" from ''Gundam War'' and modified it into the Crusade System Card Series, which currently boasts over 100 licensed anime and manga titles; this includes stand-alone releases like ''Franchise/JojosBizarreAdventure'', ''Manga/RurouniKenshin'', and ''Anime/TengenToppaGurrenLagann'' as well as games covering multiple properties like ''[[Creator/{{Sunrise}} Sunrise Crusade]]'', ''[[Creator/GoNagai Dynamic Crusade]]'', and ''[[Creator/StudioBONES BONES Crusade]]''. [[MassiveMultiplayerCrossover And since these all operate off of the same system...]]

to:

** Bandai later took the "engine" from ''Gundam War'' and modified it into the Crusade System Card Series, which currently boasts over 100 licensed anime and manga titles; this includes stand-alone releases like ''Franchise/JojosBizarreAdventure'', ''Manga/JoJosBizarreAdventure'', ''Manga/RurouniKenshin'', and ''Anime/TengenToppaGurrenLagann'' as well as games covering multiple properties like ''[[Creator/{{Sunrise}} Sunrise Crusade]]'', ''[[Creator/GoNagai Dynamic Crusade]]'', and ''[[Creator/StudioBONES BONES Crusade]]''. [[MassiveMultiplayerCrossover And since these all operate off of the same system...]]



* ''[[Anime/FutariWaPrettyCureMaxHeart Prism Connect: Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart]]''

to:

* %%* ''[[Anime/FutariWaPrettyCureMaxHeart Prism Connect: Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart]]''



* Franchise/HarryPotter had one from 2001-2003, simply called Harry Potter Trading Card Game.

to:

* Franchise/HarryPotter Literature/HarryPotter had one from 2001-2003, simply called Harry Potter Trading Card Game.



* ''[[Series/TwentyFour 24]]'' has one. Doomed by an odd premier release (Starters first, boosters two months later) and released during the [[UsefulNotes/TVStrikes '07-'08 WGA Strike]], the only season skipped in [[Series/TwentyFour 24's]] 8-season run.

to:

* ''[[Series/TwentyFour 24]]'' ''Series/TwentyFour'' has one. Doomed by an odd premier release (Starters first, boosters two months later) and released during the [[UsefulNotes/TVStrikes '07-'08 WGA Strike]], the only season skipped in [[Series/TwentyFour 24's]] 8-season run.



* ''[[Franchise/DotHack .hack]]'' had one. ''[[VideoGame/DotHackGU .hack//GU]]'' had an in-universe one, Crimson VS, that was made into an out-of-universe one, ''.hack//GU The Card Battle'', which had different rules but could also be played as if it were Crimson VS.

to:

* ''[[Franchise/DotHack .hack]]'' ''Franchise/DotHack'' had one. ''[[VideoGame/DotHackGU .hack//GU]]'' ''VideoGame/DotHackGU'' had an in-universe one, Crimson VS, that was made into an out-of-universe one, ''.hack//GU The Card Battle'', which had different rules but could also be played as if it were Crimson VS.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None

Added DiffLines:

* ''Flesh and Blood''

Added: 166

Removed: 166

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
Moving indexing formatting so the Highlander game actually gets indexed


* ''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.



* ''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.

Added: 166

Removed: 158

Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
The Highlander CCG ended up getting a page at some point. Moving it from the pageless section


* ''TabletopGame/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.



* ''Film/{{Highlander}}'', which died mostly due to the slow release schedule. There is a new edition of the Highlander CCG, although distribution is limited.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
page was moved to the Darth Wiki


* ''Webcomic/MSFHigh'' has a card game, complete with characters from [[Roleplay/MSFHighForum the forums]]. It's even had Linkara and Spoony have their own decks.

to:

* ''Webcomic/MSFHigh'' has a card game, complete with characters from [[Roleplay/MSFHighForum the forums]].forums. It's even had Linkara and Spoony have their own decks.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None


A collectible card game (CCG), also known as a trading card game (TCG), is a [[CardGames card game]] where, instead of using a standard set of cards, each player creates their own deck using cards from their collection and brings it to the game.

to:

A collectible card game (CCG), also known as a trading card game (TCG), is a [[CardGames card game]] {{card game|s}} where, instead of using a standard set of cards, each player creates their own deck using cards from their collection and brings it to the game.



** ''Chaos TCG'', which seems to be focused on VisualNovel. Include characters from VN companies such as {{Creator/Nitroplus}} and VisualArts, but also {{Anime}} such as ''Anime/StrikeWitches'' and ''Manga/{{Ikkitousen}}''.

to:

** ''Chaos TCG'', which seems to be focused on VisualNovel. Include characters from VN companies such as {{Creator/Nitroplus}} and VisualArts, Creator/VisualArts, but also {{Anime}} such as ''Anime/StrikeWitches'' and ''Manga/{{Ikkitousen}}''.



* Later versions of VideoGame/{{Civilization}} IV came bundled with their self-made [=CCG=].

to:

* Later versions of VideoGame/{{Civilization}} IV ''VideoGame/{{Civilization}} IV'' came bundled with their self-made [=CCG=].



** [[Creator/SquareEnix Square]] finally published an 'all-13' card game for the series in 2011. Info is [[http://finalfantasy.wikia.com/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Trading_Card_Game here]].
*** And then in late 2016, [[Creator/SquareEnix SquareEnix]] rebooted the game above after it became too unbalanced and released it worldwide. It is currently in print, with eight sets released covering all fifteen main FF games as well as numerous spinoffs, and has an official tournament circuit. [[https://fftcg.square-enix-games.com/na Read about the game here.]]

to:

** [[Creator/SquareEnix Square]] Creator/{{Square|Enix}} finally published an 'all-13' card game for the series in 2011. Info is [[http://finalfantasy.wikia.com/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Trading_Card_Game here]].
*** And then in late 2016, [[Creator/SquareEnix SquareEnix]] Creator/SquareEnix rebooted the game above after it became too unbalanced and released it worldwide. It is currently in print, with eight sets released covering all fifteen main FF games as well as numerous spinoffs, and has an official tournament circuit. [[https://fftcg.square-enix-games.com/na Read about the game here.]]



* ''Franchise/FireEmblem'' had a [=TCG=] in Japan, covering from ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemAkaneia Monsho no Nazo]]'' through to ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemJugdral Thracia 776]]''. This was discontinued in 2004.

to:

* ''Franchise/FireEmblem'' had a [=TCG=] in Japan, covering from ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemAkaneia Monsho no Nazo]]'' ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemMysteryOfTheEmblem Mystery of the Emblem]]'' through to ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemJugdral ''[[VideoGame/FireEmblemThracia776 Thracia 776]]''. This was discontinued in 2004.



* ''Videogame/WingCommander'' had one, made by IPCreator/MargaretWeis. Set around the time of ''Wing Commander III'' (2669), it used artwork and technical elements from that period of time.

to:

* ''Videogame/WingCommander'' ''VideoGame/WingCommander'' had one, made by IPCreator/MargaretWeis.IP Creator/MargaretWeis. Set around the time of ''Wing Commander III'' (2669), it used artwork and technical elements from that period of time.

Top