Line #175 UsefulNotes/SpanishAccentsAndDialects


1	See UsefulNotes/SpanishLanguage for the Spanish language in general.
2
3	The UsefulNotes/SpanishLanguage is the second most widely spoken native language in the world after Mandarin Chinese, being the native language of 6% of the world, the world's most widely spoken Romance language, the de facto [[CommonTongue lingua franca]] of the Americas, the national language of 20 countries, and a major secondary language of another 4 countries including the United States. As a result, the Spanish language is an extremely diverse language full of regional interpretations, local words and a few local grammatical quirks. While all regional dialects of Spanish are deep down the same language, their local variations are more than enough to make them at the same time entirely different ways of expressing one's thoughts and feelings; therefore, the purpose of this page is to document all the different ways the language of Cervantes is spoken around the world.
4
5	[[foldercontrol]]
6
7	!!European (Spanish) Spanish Variants
8
9	[[folder:Andalusian]]
10	!!Andalusian accents and dialects
11	The dialect in southern Spain with the largest number of speakers. The Castillian language arrived fairly late to Andalusia in about the Thirteenth Century. However, its use was not overly extensive until the Reconquista in 1492. There are competing theories on the development of the Andalusian dialect. Although the Arabic language had some influence on the language there, many of those who spoke Arabic languages were exiled, killed or forced to convert during La Reconquista. Most of the Arabisms in Castillian actually entered the language through the Christian Mozarabic population in central Spanish cities such as Toledo. Upon their reconquest, these bilingual individuals were then sent to adminster cities such as Sevilla, and so codified and spread the language in those parts.
12
13	The dialect could have also developed further without much interference due to the large barrier of the Sierra Madre, and the general disinterest shown by the Castillan kingdom and the rest of Spain. Many of the immigrants to South America came from here, and the dialect would later serve as a base for the Latin American dialects. Within Spain, the dialect was often socially stigmatized. One reason was for being considered a corruption of pure Spanish, the other because the speakers were often economic immigrants and considered ignorant, poor and bad mannered.
14
15	This dialect can be found in Sevilla, Cordóba, Ceuta etc. Depending on the cultural background of the speaker, features can commonly include:
16
17	Seseo, which is the use of /s/ in place of /z/ or /c/. Cena becomes sena etc. This is more popular in Sevilla and Cordóba and other urban centres, while Ceceo is more popular in the rest of Andalusia.
18
19	Ceceo, which refers to the use of /z/ instead of /s/. e.g ''Zeguro'' instead of ''seguro''. This is considered a less cultured feature than Seseo and is more common in Malaga and Cadíz(but not the city).
20
21	Yeísmo, which is the phenomena of pronouncing /ll/ and /y/ the exact same way. For example ''yover'' and not ''llover''.
22
23	Aspiration of the intervocalic constonant /j/.
24
25	Loss of intervocalic /d/, /g/, /l/ and /r/. ''Quemaura'' in place of ''Quemadura'' etc. ''Pesao'' instead of ''pesado''. These can also be outright lost at the end of words.
26
27	Neutralisation of l, r, and b. This means l can become r, r becomes l and b becomes g. Therefore, ''alto'' becomes ''arto'', ''beber'' comes ''bebel'' and ''abuelo'' becomes ''agüelo''.
28
29	The dropping of /s/ at the end of words. This means it can frequently be hard to distinguish if someone is talking about plurals or not e.g ''Casa'' instead of ''casas''. The /s/ can also be aspirated. For example ''libertá'' instead of ''libertad''.
30
31	The pronounciation of /ch/ in a similar way to the English /sh/. For example, ''musho'' instead of ''mucho''. ''mushasho'' instead of the standard ''muchacho''.
32
33	Reductions of frequent words. This can include ''mu'' for ''muy'', ''pa'' for ''para'' etc.
34
35	Use of the verb ''ser'' in place of ''haber''.
36
37	The substitution of ''Vosotros'' for ''Ustedes''. Similar to Latin America and the Canary Islands.
38
39	A large stock of dialect specific words. This includes many archaic words like ''escarpín'' instead of ''calcetin'' and ''fario'' instead of ''destino.''
40
41	No laísmo or leísmo.
42	[[/folder]]
43
44	[[folder:Aragonese]]
45	!!Aragonese dialect and accent in Spanish
46	This dialect is spoken in the former kingdom of Aragon; this includes Zaragoza, Huesca and Teruel. The integration of Castillan Spanish began in the region around the fifteenth century, after the merging of the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castille. From the east, Catalan also influenced the dialect. The dialect can be split roughly into three parts, south-western(the closest to standard Spanish), central and north-eastern. Many of the features of the dialect derive from the Aragonese language which in turns derives from Navarro-Aragonese. Aragonese has been preserved, and given certain rights in the region, as well as being taught in schools. It still has about twelve thousand speakers and has been popularised in cinema and literature in recent times.
47
48	Common features can include:
49
50	An ascending intonation, which leads to the extension of the final vowel of a sentence. For example, ''muchóo'' and not ''mucho''. This is one of the more popularised features of the accent.
51
52	The dislocation of esdrújulas(words with their stress on the third to last syllable). So for example, ''pájaro'' becomes ''pajáro'' and ''médico'' becomes ''medíco''.
53
54	The reduction of consonant clusters frequent in rural Spanish dialects. For example, ''perfecto'' would become ''perfeto'' and ''repugnante'' could become ''repunante''.
55
56	The use of the diminutive suffix -ico e.g ''pequeñico'' and not ''pequeñito.'' This is typically Aragonese.
57
58	The use of gender with interrogatives. So ''cuál'' can become ''cualó'', ''cuála'', ''cuálos''.
59
60	The use of ''Pues'' at the end of a sentence. As well as other slang words interjected frequently. These include ''maño''(friendly form of address), ''hala''(surprise), ''co''(mate or buddy), ''jodo'' etc.
61
62	Absence of ''leísmo''. which referes to using the indirect object pronouns le and les in place of the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las.
63
64	The accompaniment of personal pronouns with prepositions. For example, ''con yo'' and ''para tú''
65
66	The conservation of vocabulary from medieval Navarro-Aragonese.
67	[[/folder]]
68
69	[[folder:Extremaduran]]
70	!!Extremaduran Language
71	Extremaduran or ''Estremeñu'' is an obscure, almost extinct language spoken mostly in very localized zones of north-west Extremadura, as well as south-west Salamanca. The rest of Extremadurans speak a language not different enough from standard Spanish to be considered anything but dialects. There have been attempts to both artificially revive Extremaduran Language, especially promoted by celebrated poet José María Gabriel y Galán, and even more oddly, to transform the most distintict Extremaduran dialects into a separate language, called ''Castúo'' by another poet, Luis Chamizo, but both initiatives have currently little support even from Extremadurans themselves, who often consider them to be just poorly spoken Spanish.
72
73	!!Extremaduran dialect and accents
74	Although it has strong Leonese influences, Extremaduran dialects are related and similar to some forms of western Andalusian. Southern Extremadurans, from the area of Badajoz, are sometimes mistaken with northwestern Andalusians.
75
76	Common features include:
77
78	Aspiration of the intervocalic constonant /j/, or conversely, turning soft /h/ into /j/ depending of the dialect.
79
80	Loss of intervocalic /d/ in potentially any position of the word. It is common at the end, turning ''arreglado'' into ''arreglao'', but can also happen at the beginning, with words like ''destrozo'' turning into ''estrozo''.
81
82	Loss of /s/ at the end of words.
83
84	Loss of intervocalic /g/, /l/ and /r/, as well as at the end of words.
85
86	Reductions of frequent words, like ''mu'' for ''muy''.
87
88	No laísmo, although leísmo has some presence.
89
90	The use of the diminutive suffix -ino, which is strongly characteristic of these dialects. Ej. ''pequeñito'' - ''pequeñino''.
91	[[/folder]]
92
93	[[folder:Galician]]
94	!!Galician Language
95	There was a time when there was little to no difference between languages on Northwestern Spain; that time was immediately following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the specific vulgar Latin that was spoken in the area eventually would evolve into both Spanish and Galician languages, as well as UsefulNotes/PortugueseLanguage.
96
97	During the Middle Ages, Portuguese and Galician were the same language known as Galaico-Portuguese, with, along with Occitan, saw great attention as a ''lingua franca'' for chilvalric poetry and wandering minstrels. Also, medieval castilian bore no great differences with Galaico-Portuguese, sharing many features such as sibilant structures.
98
99	It is by the 12th Century, when the Portus Callae county gets independence from the Kingdom of Leon, eventually becoming the Kingdom of Portugal, that Galician and Portuguese start its divergence. Portuguese develops from Galician as its territory was growing under the Portuguese Reconquista, while Galician gets confined to the mountains of North-Western Spain and lose relevancy over Castillian Spanish, which would itself shape different over the next century both from Galician and Portuguese.
100
101	Galician Language gets an upgrade on the 19th Century with a quite a few renamed poets and it's one of the four official languages of the Spanish nation, but this is all about ''dialects'' and ''accents'' and we'll talk about how Galician affects speakers when talking ''Castilian'' Spanish, and not about the language itself, which is neither an accent nor a dialect.
102
103	Website/TheOtherWiki has an entry about [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician_language Galician language]] if you want to expand your knowledge about it.
104
105	!!Galician accents
106
107	Galician accent is notoriously rhythmical with a very distinctive, slightly high, pitch and idiosyncratic intonation which is often regarded as a very smooth form of Spanish. Its pronounciation has very close vowels at the end of words, most notably the O vowel, which is pronounced in standard Spanish as an open-mid back rounded vowel (ɔ), while in the Galician dialect, it is pronounced as a closed-mid back rounded vowel (o). For example, ''castro'', a kind of fortification for Celtic pre-Roman tribes which is a common landmark and a surname for Galician Spaniards, would be [kastro̞] in standard Spanish and [kastro] in Galician Spanish. Meanwhile, the E vowel (e̞) may get closer to the I vowel (e) in some instances.
108
109	The ''gheada'' or debbuccalization of the phoneme /g/ may exist, but it is not very common nowadays and it is most often not protrayed (or even known about) by media.
110
111	Also, it is common the simplification of consonant clusters by skipping weaker phonemes on these instances, for example ''concepto'' (concept) would be [konˈθep.to] in standard spanish but may become [konˈθeto] in galician spanish. ''Repugnante'' (Disgusting) may be shortened from [re.puɣˈnan.te] to [re.punan.te], an ''acto'' (an act) [ˈak.to] may be an ['ato] and so on.
112
113	Grammatically, as is common in all northern dialects, galicians will never use compound tenses, always preterite: ''Supe'' (I knew) instead of ''He sabido''. It is safe to say you can identify somebody who as a northerner (from Galicia to the french border through the Cantabrian Mountains) because they will use preterite like a Latino while speaking with a Spaniard-ish pronounciation; in the rest of Spain, the present perfect is almost universally used for speaking in past tense (e.g. ''He dicho'' instead of ''Dije'' for "I said").
114
115	At last, Galicians are very high on localisms and crosswords between galician and spanish languages, which would be too extensive to list here, but the most common feature is the diminutive ''-Iño, -Iña'' instead the more standard ''-Ito, -Ita'' (e.g. ''futboliño'' instead of ''futbolito'' for a foosball table). (This is a cognate of the neighboring Portuguese diminutive suffix ''-inho, -inha'' -- compare ''futboliño'' with its Portuguese cognate ''futébolzinho'')
116
117	The stereotype for the galician dialect traditionally it's not a very positive one. Galicians were (and, often, are) regarded as rustic, backwards simpletons with [[BestialityIsDepraved odd sex partners]] who live in the mountains and are often stuck fifty years or ''a century'' ago; in Latin America, they are the butt of dumb people jokes. In media, this is invariably the accent for the KindheartedSimpleton (In recent times), the FishOutOfWater (When regarding townsfolk in a big city), TheFool, the {{Cloudcuckoolander}} and TooDumbToFool. Think [[WesternAnimation/TheSimpsons Homer Simpson]] for the kind of character.
118
119	!!Examples in fiction:
120	* Ramón Sampedro (Played by Creator/JavierBardem) pretty much ''destroys'' the stereotype for soul-wrenching drama in ''Film/MarAdentro''.
121	* Xoan from Pedro Almodovar's ''Julieta'' gives this trope a positive twist and makes him a handsome, badass Galician fisherman.
122	[[/folder]]
123
124	%%[[folder:Northern Asturian-Leonese]]
125	%%[[/folder]]
126
127	%%[[folder:Northern Basque-Navarran]]
128	%%[[/folder]]
129	%%[[folder:North Castilian]]
130	%%[[/folder]]
131	[[folder:Madrid]]
132	The variety of Spanish spoken in the capital Madrid and its surroundings. It is considered the standard form of the language on the peninsula (although perhaps that honour goes to Valladolid or Salamanca), yet there are variations. The older accent and dialect of the city has largely died out.
133
134	Common features include:
135
136	The exchange of /d/ for /z/ at the end of words. For example ''Madrid'' becomes ''Madriz''
137
138	The loss of /d/ from the past participle. For example ''abandonado'' becomes ''abandonao''.
139
140	Yeísmo, which is the phenomena of pronouncing /ll/ and /y/ the exact same way. For example ''yover'' and not ''llover''.
141
142	Leísmo, which referes to using the indirect object pronouns le and les in place of the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las.
143
144	The use of ''ejque'' instead of ''es que''
145
146	The aspiration of the first constonant. ''Doctor'' becomes ''Dohtor'' etc.
147
148	Among older speakers, the aspiration of the /s/ is frequent.
149	[[/folder]]
150
151	[[folder:Murcian]]
152	!!Murcian accent and dialect
153	Often considered one of the most exceedingly difficult peninsular accents to comprehend. It can be found around Murcia but also Albacete, parts of Alicante and Granada, and Almería. It is commonly looked down upon as 'bad' pronounciation, but actually derives from the Murcian language and medieval kingdom. Due to various occupations over the centuries, the dialect contains features from surrounding regions and other parts of Spain. There is also a higher degree of Arabic influence when compared to the rest of southern Spain.
154
155	Similar to most southern peninsular dialects, it features seseo and yeísmo. Seseo being the pronounciation of z, and c when before e or i, as /s/ as opposed to /θ/ (th sound). For example, ''coser'' and ''cocer'' would be pronounced the same. Yeísmo is the pronounciation of ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨y⟩ as the same sound /ʝ/.
156
157	Additional features can include:
158
159	The aspiration of /s/ in the final position of a syllable. e.g ''ehperanza'' and not ''esperanza.''
160	The loss of the intervocalic /d/. For example, ''venido'' becomes ''venío.'' This can also happen with the intervocalic /b/. ''caeza'' instead of ''cabeza.''
161
162	Confusion between r and l, especially at the end of words. For example, ''mujer'' would become ''mujel''
163	In some cases, a conservation of fl, cl and pl from Latin. ''llama'' becomes ''flama''
164	.
165	The loss of final implosives such as a /s/, /r/ or /l/. For example, ''casas'' would become ''casa'', ''caná'' instead of ''canal.''
166
167	Opening of the a in the diphtong ei. ''Treinta'' becomes ''treinte.''
168
169	Aspiration of j. ''Corahe'' instead of ''coraje''
170
171	Use of intervocalic consonant clusters ns. ''Paso'' becomes ''panso.''
172
173	The exchange of e for i. For example ''siñor'' instead of ''señor.''
174
175	The use of the diminutive suffix -ico e.g ''pequeñico'' and not ''pequeñito.'' This is also typically Aragonese.
176	[[/folder]]
177	%%[[folder:South Castilian]]
178	%%[[/folder]]
179	%%[[folder:Eastern Peninsular]]
180	%%[[/folder]]
181	%%[[folder:Easter Insular]]
182	%%[[/folder]]
183	%%[[folder:Southern Insular]]
184	%%[[/folder]]
185
186	!!Mexican Spanish Variants
187
188	[[folder:Overview]]
189	Chicano accents in the USA are influenced by the various accents of Mexican Spanish.\
190	\
191	The main feature common to Mexican dialects of Spanish in contrast to other New World variants (and especially the nearby Caribbean ones) is the remarkably-consistent-even-for-Spanish rhythm of syllables and clear enunciation of consonants. Mexicans frequently complain that their Caribbean neighbors have mushmouth; Caribbeans just as frequently complain that Mexican Spanish sounds like machine-gun fire. Mexicans are also noted for their very creative and unique swearing.
192	[[/folder]]
193
194	[[folder:Norteño (Northern)]]
195	This dialect of Mexican Spanish sounds louder and more aggressive and clipped than its southern counterparts. The speech also sounds more rhythmic and is characterized by its peculiar sing-song tone. This is why the accent is sometimes also said to be "cantadito" or "golpeao" (heavy-handed). Northern Mexicans are usually portrayed as either hard-working capitalist tycoons, or as hat-wearing cowboys fond of beer and barbecue. Or both (the similarity to U.S. [[EverythingIsBigInTexas stereotypes of]] UsefulNotes/{{Texas}} is not an accident).
196
197	The speech of the North has experienced heavy influences from the several indigenous tongues of the region, most notably the Yaqui Indian language. For example, here is the sample line, "El buki bichi a papuchi dando tatahuila en el zoquete (The naked kid, mounted on someone's shoulders, turning around in the mud)."
198
199	Other than Yaqui, English has a lot of clout in this dialect as well, being closest to the Anglophone country, The United States of America. Think words like watchear (to watch), parkear (to park), and truka (truck).
200
201	While wey or guey is quintessentially Mexican to most Americans, it's almost foreign to the Northerners as well. The Norteno lexicon prefers alternatives like vato, compadre, or compa.
202
203	One curious idiosyncrasy of the North is that personal names are not proper nouns; they are instead improper nouns, and therefore get an article. Whereas elsewhere a man called Diego or a woman called María would be simply addressed as "Diego" or "María", in Northern Mexico they are likely to be addressed as "el Diego" or "la María".
204
205	The Northerners also have a slang lexicon of their own. For example, to get drunk is pistear in the North whereas emborracharse elsewhere. Similarly, to bathe is pasarse here, banarse elsewhere. It can also be mamarse if you're intending to be vulgar.
206	[[/folder]]
207
208	[[folder:Norteño del Este (North-Eastern)]]
209	The accent spoken in the states in Northeastern Mexico, which are Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila. Northeast speakers replace the "sh" sound with the "ch" sound. Hence, sushi sounds like "suchi", just like in Colombia (see below).
210	[[/folder]]
211
212	[[folder:Norteño del Oeste (North-Western)]]
213	The accent spoken in the states in Northwestern Mexico, which are Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Its intonation is similar to Monterrey Northern, but with a tendency outside of Sinaloa to replace the "ch" sound with the "sh" sound -- the state of Chihuahua, as a result, is often nicknamed "Shihuahua". Despite having less economic and demographic representation, it's also well known in the rest of Mexico on account of Guadalajara, the second city of Mexico, being the destination of choice of this region.
214	[[/folder]]
215
216	[[folder:Bajacaliforniano (Baja Californian)]]
217	The accent spoken in the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. This accent of Mexican Spanish (also sometimes referred to as the peninsular northern variant) is more heavily anglicized than any other in Mexico due to being close to the US. Its connotation depends on the speaker's origin: if the speaker is from Baja California, they're likely to be portrayed as chicanos or cholos, whereas those from Baja California Sur are likely to be portrayed as fun-loving adventure sports fans.
218
219	This accent sounds Norteno in grammar and diction. Words like watchear and parkear are as at home in Mexicali as they are in Ciudad Juarez. The only thing setting it apart from Norteno is its vocabulary.
220
221	[[AC:Vocabulary]]
222	* Bichi [[note]]desnudo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Nude or naked
223	* Chilo [[note]]guay in European Spanish, chévere in some South American dialects, chido or padre in most of Mexico[[/note]]: Cool
224	* Morro [[note]]joven in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A young man
225	* Paro [[note]]favor in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A favor. "Tírame un paro" can be more or less translated as "do me a solid".
226	* Pistear [[note]]beber in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To drink alcohol
227	* Pirata [[note]]loco in Regular Spanish[[/note]]: Crazy
228	* Cura or curada [[note]]chistoso in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Funny; both cura and curada are gender-neutral, i.e. end in -a in both feminine and masculine forms.
229	* LÃƒÂ¡ngaro [[note]]codo or codicioso in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A cheap or greedy person
230	* Sobrerruedas [[note]]pulgas in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Flea market; all flea markets are tianguis in Central Mexico. But in Baja California, only one in a fixed building is tianguis; the one on the street is sobrerruedas.
231	* Ã‚Â¡Arre! or Ã‚Â¡fierro!: Go ahead! Get it on!
232	* La refri [[note]]aire acondicionado in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Air-conditioner; Careful with the gender here because the masculine el refri is slang for refrigerator in all Mexican Spanish dialects.
233
234	A lot of English words have also creeped into the Spanish spoken here. Words like troca (truck) and baika (bike) are commonplace. Another interesting quirk of this accent is that when making diminutives, -illo/illa is often preferred to -ito/ita.
235	[[/folder]]
236
237	[[folder:Western Region]]
238	The accent spoken in the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Colima, and parts of Aguascalientes and Michoacan.
239	[[/folder]]
240
241	[[folder:Tapatio (Guadalajara)]]
242	Guadalajaran, or Tapatio, is the Mexican equivalent of the [[UsefulNotes/AmericanAccents United States of Amarica's Midwestern accent]]: when exaggerated it makes you sound like a hayseed, but when played normally it's basically "standard Mexican" (or as a Tapatio would say, ''¡Jalisco '''es''' México!''). It ranks next to Northern and Mexico City Spanish in media popularity, thanks in good part to Guadalajara being the second city in the country and the birth place of many world-famous Mexican symbols such as tequila[[note]]Tequila, Jalisco is a 50 km drive away from Guadalajara[[/note]], mariachi and the charro outfit.
243
244	[[AC:Vocabulary]]
245	* ¡Ajalas!: An interjection that expresses positive surprise.
246	* ¡Ámola!: "Let's go!"
247	* Ajustar[[note]]alcanzar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To afford something.
248	* Birote: A short sourdough baguette that can only be made in Guadalajara due to atmospheric pressure and microbiota; but sometimes used to refer to any bread in general.
249	* Bule: A strip club.
250	* Caguama [[note]]cerveza grande in regular Spanish; ethimologically, it's a reference to the caguama turtle[[/note]]: One-liter beer bottle
251	* Calar [[note]]probar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To taste, to test
252	* Carrilla [[note]]burla in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Teasing
253	* Casco[[note]]botella in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Glass bottle, usually for soda or beer
254	* Charpear[[note]]salpicar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To splash
255	* Charchar[[note]]funcionar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To operate
256	** No charchar el asunto: To have erectile dysfunction (literally, "'pissness' not working")
257	* Chesco [[note]]refresco in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Soft drink
258	* Chile [[note]]salsa in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Salsa
259	* Coto [[note]]privada or fraccionamiento in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Gated community, most prevalent in the southern outskirts of Tlajomulco.
260	* Asquil, asquilín [[note]]hormiga in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Ant
261	* Bien mucho [[note]]demasiado in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Too much
262	* ¿Edá? [[note]]verdad in regular Spanish[[/note]]: an interjection that can be more or less translated as "gnome sayin'?".
263	* Ey [[note]]si, de acuerdo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Yes, I agree. Often uttered in response to "¿edá?".
264	* Chucho [[note]]perro in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Dog
265	* Guanatos: The local nickname for Guadalajara.
266	* Fajo [[note]]cinturon in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Belt.
267	** The traditional Mexican embroidered belt comes from northern Jalisco, and its proper name is ''[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piteado fajo piteado]]''.
268	* Ocupar [[note]]necesitar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To have a need
269	* Lonche [[note]]bocadillo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A loaf bread sandwich, known in the rest of the country as "torta" (except for the ''torta ahogada'', a meat sandwich drenched in tomato sauce).
270	* Mijo [[note]]cuate, amigo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A corruption of "mi hijo", which can be best translated as "buddy".
271	* Melolengo [[note]]tonto in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Idiot
272	* Moruzas[[note]]moronas in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Crumbs
273	* Enchiloso [[note]]picante in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Spicy
274	* Rait [[note]]aventón in regular Spanish[[/note]]: A ride in an acquaintance's car (e.g. not an Uber ride)
275	* Chuchulucos [[note]]dulces in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Sweet things
276	* Guzgues [[note]]antojitos in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Street snacks
277	* Chispear [[note]]llover in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Light rain
278	* Echar lío [[note]]coquetear, hablar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To flirt, to chat
279	* Sabe: An abbreviation of "quién sabe", which means "who knows". Often pronounced as "saaaaaaabe", with a long A.
280	* Támaro: A traffic cop. The word is a corruption of "tamarindo", in reference to a brown uniform they used to wear in the past.
281	* Toro, torito: A sobriety checkpoint.
282	* Trucha[[note]]alerta in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To be alert and aware.
283	[[/folder]]
284
285	[[folder:Bajio (Lowlands Region)]]
286	The accent spoken in the states of Guanajuato and Michoacan, as well as parts of surrounding states like Querataro and Jalisco.
287	[[/folder]]
288
289	[[folder:Altiplano (Central Region)]]
290	The accent spoken in the states of Mexico, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Morelos, and Puebla, and parts of Querataro.
291	[[/folder]]
292
293	[[folder:Defeño or Chilango (Mexico City)]]
294	The Chilango accent attracts strong opinions akin to the accent of New York. When played normally on media, it's usually used in a neutral way, since the overwhelming majority of Mexican TV shows and movies are made in Mexico City; when exaggerated, it's usually to depict trashy, impoverished people, or to mock Mexico City's reputation in the rest of the country of being a cesspool of crime, corruption and liberal politics. A very striking feature of the Chilango accent is its signature drawl, which can be likened to the Texas drawl. Stressed vowels are drawn out significantly longer than the remainder of the words. No manches wey sounds like /no 'maaaan-chis waaaaaay/.
295	[[/folder]]
296
297	[[folder:Costeño (Coastal)]]
298	This accent features in the speech of states along the Gulf Coast, such as Veracruz and Tabasco. The Pacific coast also exhibits this dialect, especially the coastal regions of Guerrero and Oaxaca. It is also present to some degree in Baja California Sur as a mix of coastal with northern, since all the major cities of that state (La Paz, Guerrero Negro and Los Cabos) are coast towns. Of all Mexican Spanish dialects, this one resembles the dialects in the Caribbean or Puerto Rico the most.
299
300	One similarity between the Costeño accent and the Cuban accent is in what they do with the word-final and inter-vocalic d. They don't pronounce it. Thus hablado sounds like hablao and verdad sounds like verda. Word-final -s also meets the same fate. It's ignored. That's why, for instance, pues sounds like pueh. Also, like the Caribbean dialects, unstressed vowels are blurred or altogether elided in these regions as well. The dialect is also marked by a softer volume and higher rate of speech compared to Norteno.
301
302	Unsurprisingly, coast people are usually depicted as fun-loving boat tour operators, snack peddlers and hotel staff; those who hail from Baja California Sur are likewise depicted as fans of adventure and water sports, never seen without an all terrain vehicle thanks to the well known Baja 1000 rally.
303	[[/folder]]
304
305	[[folder:Sureño (Southern)]]
306	There are pockets where Sureno exhibits some overlap with the Altiplano dialects but Yucateco and Chiapaneco remain the most defining Mexican Spanish dialects of the South. Given the regions ethnic heritage, the Spanish spoken in these parts have a strong Mayan influence in vocabulary and diction. Of all Mexican Spanish dialects, Sureno is the only one to have any Mayan influence.
307	[[/folder]]
308
309	[[folder:Yucateco (Yucatan Peninsula)]]
310	Compared to other Mexican Spanish dialects, this one seems to be the least rapid-fire.
311
312	In this accent, vowels tend to be drawn out a bit more, especially where the stress of a word is located. The sound 'sh' does not exist much in the Spanish language, but in the Yucatan you may hear it more since in Mayan, it does exist. A prime example is a neighbor who clearly says 'shincuenta' instead of 'Cincuenta' for the number 50. The "n (enyay)" which usually has a sharp "nya" sound is drawn out more to sound like "nia" or "nio". An example would for the 'nino' which would be pronounced 'ninio.' Sometimes the letter 'h' is pronounced like a soft 'j.' In other Spanish dialects, the 'h' is silent.
313
314	Another distinguishing feature of Yucatán Spanish is the strong presence of Mayan words. The Yucatán dialect has lots of them, to the point that some sentences may sound completely obscure and incomprehensible to other Mexican ears.
315
316	A good example of the Yucatán accent can be found on standup comedians [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWkguf5n9ZA Puruxona Cahuich]] and [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5HDgjrHZ5Q&t=456s Tila María Sesto]].
317
318	[[AC:Vocabulary]]
319	* Charros [[note]]tirabuzan in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Corkscrew
320	* Botaxix [[note]]culo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Ass or asshole.
321	* Pirix [[note]]culo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Ass.
322	* Pelana [[note]]carajo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: "Fuck!".
323	* Wixar [[note]]orinar in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To urinate.
324	* Queso [[note]]panocha in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Pussy.
325	* Menudo [[note]]monedas sueltas in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Change (of money)
326	* Vereda [[note]]raya del pelo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Parting in hair
327	* Costurar [[note]]coser in regular Spanish[[/note]]: To sew
328	* Tirahule [[note]]tirador in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Slingshot
329	* Papagayo [[note]]cometa in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Kite
330	* Xix [[note]]residuo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: The last few remnants left after consuming something.
331	* Tirix tah: Diarrhea.
332	* Purux [[note]]gordo in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Fat.
333	* Xik [[note]]axila in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Armpit.
334	* Pek [[note]]perro in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Dog.
335	* Huiro [[note]]naco in regular Mexican Spanish[[/note]]: A person of poor culture.
336	* Huach [[note]]extranjero in regular Spanish[[/note]]: Foreigner.
337	* Weputa: A slurred corruption of ''hijo de puta'', which means "motherfucker".
338	[[/folder]]
339
340	[[folder:Chiapaneco (Chiapas)]]
341	The most notable feature of the Chiapaneco dialect is the prevalence of voseo. This is the only part of Mexico where vos is used in the second person singular instead of tu. None of the other Mexican Spanish dialects practice this usage. This is a direct influence of Guatemala on the speech of the Chiapas. Due to this region of the country being literally on par with Zimbabwe or Congo in terms of poverty and underdevelopment, chiapaneco speakers are usually portrayed as extremely poor and destitute Native Mexican farmers.
342	[[/folder]]
343
344	!!American (USA) Spanish Variants
345
346	[[folder:New Mexican]]
347	New Mexican Spanish is a native Spanish dialect spoken in New Mexico and Colorado by ''neomexicanos'', descendants of Spanish settlers who lived there before the annexation of the Southwest (the original northern half of Mexico) by the United States Of America. This accent preserves several features of Early Modern Spanish lost in most other varieties, such as ''ser'' being conjugated in the first person as ''yo seigo'', rather than ''yo soy'', and ''haiga'' rather than ''haya'' being the subjunctive of ''haber''. It suffered a decline in the 20th century as English came to dominate, but the recent influx of Latino immigrants has ensured the dialect's survival. English has left an unmistakable mark on the dialect, however, and many words are of English origin adapted into Spanish phonology, e.g. ''troca'' for "truck" rather than ''camioneta.''
348	[[/folder]]
349
350	!!Central American Spanish Variants
351
352	[[folder:Guatemalan]]
353	[[/folder]]
354	[[folder:Honduran]]
355	[[/folder]]
356	[[folder:Costa Rican]]
357	[[/folder]]
358	[[folder:Panamanian]]
359	[[/folder]]
360	[[folder:Nicaraguan]]
361	[[/folder]]
362	[[folder:Salvadoran]]
363	[[/folder]]
364
365	!!Caribbean Spanish Variants
366
367	[[folder:Cuban]]
368	Más despacio, por favor -- but Communist
369	[[/folder]]
370	[[folder:Dominican (Dominican Republic)]]
371	Más despacio, por favor -- but baseball flavored.
372	[[/folder]]
373	[[folder:Puerto Rican (USA)]]
374	Más despacio, por favor -- but gasolina flavored with an American passport.
375	[[/folder]]
376
377	!!South American Spanish Variants
378
379	[[folder:Argentinian]]
380	Argentine Spanish--or at least the Spanish of Buenos Aires--is noted for two major features: (1) The dialect's commitment to its own unique form of ''voseo'' and (2) the heavy Italian influence on the phonology.
381	[[/folder]]
382	[[folder:Uruguayan]]
383	[[/folder]]
384	[[folder:Ecuadorian]]
385	[[/folder]]
386	[[folder:Paraguayan]]
387	[[/folder]]
388	[[folder:Peruvian]]
389	[[/folder]]
390	[[folder:Colombian]]
391	The Colombian dialect, especially the one used in the capital, Bogotá, has a very interesting quirk: Unlike other dialects, the second person pronoun "usted", which is normally used in formal speech in other countries, is used almost exclusively in daily speech, regardless the social standing of the person which the talker is addressing to. That means that, no matter if that person is your own parents, your siblings, your best friend from childhood or even your significant other, you would normally use "usted" instead of "tú" to address other people. For non-Colombians, that would be the equivalent of using the Spanish equivalent of the Japanese keigo. (Or, you know, French people always using ''vous'' or Germans always using ''Sie''.)
392
393
394	Another feature of the Colombian dialect (which is also shared with the northern-eastern dialects of Mexican Spanish) is the pronounciation of certain letter clusters: One of the most notorious one is the Colombian pronounciation of the "sh" cluster, which is normally pronounced as "ch" instead. This is especially notorious when a Colombian tries to pronounce foreign words when this cluster is used continuously, especially those from languages like Japanese, when names or words like [[Manga/RurouniKenshin Kenshin Himura]], {{Geisha}}, Sushi or Creator/ShokoNakagawa (aka Shoko-tan) are pronounced in Colombian Spanish as "Kenchin Himura", "Geicha", "Suchi" or "Choko Nakagawa/Choko-tan" respectively.
395	[[/folder]]
396	[[folder:Venezuelan]]
397	[[/folder]]
398	[[folder:Bolivian]]
399	[[/folder]]
400	[[folder:Chilean]]
401	A dialect of Spanish best known for being ''[[TheUnintelligible absolutely incomprehensible]]'' -- its local diction is so fast and closed-mouthed, and its local words are so different from other Spanish dialects, that many Spanish speakers claim it's an entirely different language. Chilean Spanish is notorious for following a ''voseo'' form different from the best-known Argentinian form, where the local form of second person is ''vos erí'' (instead of "vos sos" as in normal ''voseo'').
402	[[/folder]]
403
404	!!African Spanish Variants
405
406	[[folder:Canarian]]
407	Más despacio, por favor -- but with a Spanish passport. (Historically, the Canarian dialect is the main influence on Caribbean Spanish, [[DontExplainTheJoke hence the joke]].)
408	[[/folder]]
409	[[folder:Equatoguinean]]

Context UsefulNotes / SpanishAccentsAndDialects