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Season 1
- "Pilot"
- Miss Teagues' class dances to Baby Shark while she does away with their pee-stained carpet.
- Ava sings I Believe the Children are our Future while walking away in victory.
- In "Light Bulb", the power switches for the school are labeled with "Boyz II Men" songs.Jacob: It's ironic, because I'm "On Bended Knee".
- "Wishlist"
- Ava jokes about being the other famous Ava director.
- She then compares having to erase her Barbara video to be the same as Beyoncé being forced to delete Lemonade (2016).
- "Gifted Program"
- Ava mentions the film 127 Hours while talking with Jacob and then gives the okay for him and Janine to re-open their "mutant academy".
- Jacob compares himself to Robin Williams as he leads the gifted program.
- In "Work Family", Jacob admits to loving Green Book despite its racist implications.
- "Step Class"
- Janine's step class is compared to Stomp the Yard and she herself is christened as Major Payne.
- After Gregory defends himself saying he was "Born This Way", Jacob tells him not to slander Lady Gaga's good name.
- "Open House"
- Taylor compares Janine's wardrobe to the late Mr Rogers.
- Ava sings ''Mary J. Blige's "I'm Going Down" in the last scene of the episode.
- "Zoo Balloon"
- Mr. Johnson enjoys watching Ferris Bueller's Day Off whenever Abbott has a major field trip. Later he compares his situation to The Breakfast Club when he has to watch a group of kids who couldn't go with everyone.
- Barbara recounts a time a boy named August got lost in a chocolate river.
Season 2
- "Wrong Delivery"
- The episode starts with Jacob stating that the Spiderman film series is due for a reboot while his coworkers suggest different celebrities to replace Tom Holland.
- During his lesson, Jacob describes Pocahontas as the original Avatar.
- Ava was inspired by Shark Tank as a way for the Abbott staff to present their ideas on what to do with the grant money.
- "Story Samurai"
- Josh Gad was a former member of the Story Samurai and is still respected by them.
- The group also performed in a Bernie Sanders rally without his permission.
- During his performance, Jacob pretends to be a tiger who wants to sell cereal.
- In The Stinger, the Story Samurai pay homage to Michael Jackson by dancing in the halls.
- "The Principal's Office"
- Micah is a huge fan of Bluish, and frequently disrupts Gregory's lessons with references to it. Gregory later figures out a way to deal with Micah's disruptions by putting pictures of Bluish and Bongo on the board and using them in a story problem to engage with him.
- Kirsten calls Janine "Bilbo Baggins" after greeting her at the door.
- In "Juice", Mr. Johnson prays to the Mario Brothers to watch over the plumbers who'll have to fix Abbott's broken bathrooms.
- "Candy Zombies" have multiple references to various characters thanks to the kids dressing up in costumes.
- Several to the Marvel Comics and Marvel Cinematic Universe; namely, Storm, Wanda Maximoff, Thanos and there are two students dressed as Thor and a Dora Milaje.
- When Baby Thanos is caught, he removes the foam gem from Mr. Johnson's forehead and Mr. Johnson screams, with the camera focusing on Melissa desperately reaching for him, referencing Avengers: Infinity War.
- There are also several students dressed as Disney and Pixar characters such as Buzz Lightyear, Aladdin and Jasmine, Moana, Raya, Ariel, Russell etc.
- Ava lends her Marylin Monroe costume which is based on her character from Gentlemen Prefer Blondes to Janine.
- At the end, Mr. Johnson also reveals he's had a fake '20s style picture of him made a la The Shining just to spook people.
- "Attack Ad"
- Tariq kept merchandise of Pokémon, Gundam, and Attack on Titan (among other interests) at the place he shared with his now ex-girlfriend.
- Jacob finds out about the commercial from a student talking about One-Punch Man.
- Greggo knows that Janine's favorite movie is Jumanji.
- In "Egg Drop", Melissa mishears "The One with the Bitch Tattoo" as The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. She liked the book but thinks the movie was "meh".
- In "Sick Day", Ava mistakes a child's drawing of her mother for The Babadook and turns down having to read "Amelia Bedelia".
- "Read-A-Thon"
- The principal compares the Holiday Hookah club to a Disney Channel grinding fest.
- Barbara reveals that she always disliked Ms. Frizzle.
- "Fight"
- Janine purposefully misinterprets Zara's threat of "beating up" Joya as "beaming up".
- Ava references Stranger Things when she sees Gregory standing like a statue in the hallway.
Ava: What's your favorite song Gregory?!- Janine frequently plays Toy Story movies for her class to watch. Though she can't watch 3 anymore because it makes her cry.
- In "The Fundraiser", Ava calls Henry "Bruce Banner who's in the middle of a growth spurt". She also calls Jacob Conan O'Crien'.
- In "Fire", Ava compares Janine's round face to the Sun Baby from Teletubbies.
- "Mural Arts"
- Jacob mentions that he grew up with Ed, Edd n Eddy and boasts at how intellectually layered it is.
Melissa: They're friends with a hunk of wood with a face drawn on it!- Janine's old school mural featured SpongeBob wearing a durag. Ava also brings up how Joshua, a regretful traitor, called Mr. Hill "Squidward".
- In "Teacher Appreciation", Janine, her friends, and sister are playing Drought. Jacob hypes it up as a popular indie board game, though the others seem to find it too complicated.
- "Festival"
- Jacob mentions that he's been called Stuart Little by a parent who likes him.
- Mr. Johnson sweeps Draemond off the stage like Sandman during Amateur Night at the Apollo.
- In "Teacher of the Year", Ms. Teagues comments that Juneau, the capitol of Alaska, reminds her of another funny movie.
- In "Mom", Melissa pays homage to Regina George when "complimenting" a teacher's sweater.Melissa: Hey! Teal sweater! Yeah! (to Greg) You see I'm lying, that sweater's hideous.
- In "Franklin Institute", Gregory asks Janine to cover him in the event that the exhibits at the museum come to life because of a magic spell.