In the book Save the Cat! The Last Book on Screenwriting You'll Ever Need, Blake Snyder categorizes movies into ten basic plots. Many he calls "primal," saying you could "pitch (the idea) to a caveman." Snyder knows his subject well, as he wrote both Blank Check and Stop Or My Mom Will Shoot.

Snyder's categories are as follows (rearranged somewhat):

Monster in the House

One simple rule here: Don't get eaten.

The two basic ingredients are vital to the success of this tale. Without the monster, there's nothing threatening the characters. But without the house, there's no reason they couldn't just up and leave, letting others deal with the problem. Stick the characters in a room, a building, a small village; put them in a spaceship, or on an island, or in a quarantined city. Suddenly there's no place to run.

According to Snyder, a sin is committed, "prompting the creation of a supernatural monster that comes like an avenging angel to kill those who have committed that sin and spare those who realize what that sin is. The rest is run and hide." He includes movies from Alien and Tremors to Jurassic Park, along with just about every horror movie out there.

The archetypal Monster in the House tale is the myth of the Minotaur: You're stuck in a maze with a half-man, half-bull guy trying to kill you.

You might call this plot the... inverse?... of Booker's Overcoming the Monster tale, where the Hero leaves home, gathers weapons, and heads across the world to find and destroy the monster that's been terrorizing the countryside. In Monster in the House, the Hero can't leave home, has no chance to build his arsenal before the showdown, and either destroys the monster for his own sake or fails to destroy it at all.

Out of the Bottle

This plot deals with wishes and curses.

On the wish side, we have a hero who makes a wish that gets unexpectedly granted. Or, less directly, perhaps he needs some help and gets it from an unexpected source - Snyder points out The Mask as being another tale following this plot. Then we get a classic Wish Fulfillment tale, although of course there's going to be problems.

On the curse side, we have the "comeuppance tales." Liar Liar and Groundhog Day both count. There "must be something redeemable" about the hero, because he's going to have to change his ways in order to survive. And, eventually, because he's finally worthy of it, the hero gets what he wanted all along (in Liar Liar, it's "the respect of his wife and son").

Whydunit

Snyder points to Chinatown as "perhaps the best Whydunit ever made." It's a walk on the dark side of the city, and once we've unraveled the mystery, we discover "something unexpected... dark and often unattractive" about human nature. This sort of tale makes us take a long look at ourselves and the things we're capable of.

Golden Fleece

Here's Snyder's version of The Quest, which he connects with the Road Movie, a series of seemingly unrelated encounters that cause Character Development for the hero. He may never reach the goal he set out for, but he does reach a different goal: self-discovery.

Which explains why this sort of movie has always seemed a little disconnected. It's not supposed to be - externally.

Snyder then lumps in "all heist movies" along with "any quest, mission, or treasure locked in a castle" plot.

Compare Booker's version of The Quest.

Rites of Passage

Here, the hero undergoes "pain and torment" from a vague force that turns out to be, well, Life. The hero has to come to grips with the realization that everybody goes through stuff like this, and surrender to reality - accept that there are aspects of reality that he "cannot control or comprehend," yet continue onward with a level of peace about the whole affair.

Any sort of "life transitions" story fits under here. Also compare Booker's Rags to Riches plot.

For the sixth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, the enemy was said to be "Life" (as opposed to the trio or even Dark Willow). So that probably counts here, too.

Institutionalized

This is the tale of a group: the mental patients of One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, the doctors of M*A*S*H, the Mafia family of The Godfather. The story details the pros and cons of "putting the group ahead of ourselves." It honors the group - yet exposes "the problems of losing one's identity to it."

According to Snyder, there's always a "breakout character whose role is to expose the group goal as a fraud." But there is also, often, a newcomer to the group, through whose eyes (and questions) we come to understand the dynamics of the group. After all, we're usually dealing with a "crazy... even self-destructive" environment, and unless we understand what's normal and what's crazy, it'll be hard to figure out what's going on.

Buddy Love

There are three basic types, as outlined by Snyder:

Love Story
Buddy Story
A Boy and His Dog

The Boy and His Dog gives us a "catalyst" character who enters the hero's life, changes him, then leaves. The movie ET is like this. And stories like Rain Man and Lethal Weapon give us a main character who changes drastically while the secondary character changes little or not at all.

But, in general, the Buddy Love plot involves two characters who start off hating each other, realize that they need each other (and work well together!), hate that even more, conflict conflict conflict, have one big final fight... and then "surrender their egos to win."

Snyder includes in this category such gems as Wayne's World, Thelma & Louise, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and Finding Nemo. They all share the dynamic of two characters debating "important story issues."

Superhero

An extraordinary man finds himself in an ordinary world.

"Anybody who's ever been shot down at the PTA or sneered at for bold thinking in a meeting at work," says Snyder, can identify with the great man who has to "deal with the likes of us little people." It's the same story, whether it's Gulliver's Travels, Gladiator, A Beautiful Mind, X-Men, Batman, or Frankenstein. It's all "the plight of being misunderstood" and "gives flight to our greatest fantasies about our potential, while tempering those fantasies with a dose of reality."

Compare Fish out of Water.

Dude with a Problem

An ordinary guy finds himself in extraordinary circumstances.

You ever wake up, look out your window, and realize that aliens are landing on your front lawn? This is the plot that covers how you handle it.

As a man thrust into a situation you're ill-equipped to deal with, you've got the audience's sympathy almost from the get-go. As you try to defeat the aliens, or escape from the killer robot, or save your wife from the terrorists, we'll be pulling for you. And you'll eventually triumph over the villains - though not through show of force.

The Fool Triumphant

...an underdog... and an institution for that underdog to attack.

This goes a step beyond being the Everyman and moves into being the Village Idiot. He's the underdog, the overlooked, the ridiculous, and he's set against a Goliath of an enemy, often an "establishment" bad guy. But they underestimate him, and because he's The Fool, he's got the forces of luck and good nature on his side. He may not fully understand the danger he's in, but whatever his goal, he won't give up - and the villain doesn't stand a chance.

This sort of plot pokes fun at things we take too seriously. Snyder proposes that "no establishment is too sacred to be skewered." After seeing Life Is Beautiful, where a fool takes on the Holocaust, I'd say his hypothesis won out.

Also, there may be a straight man "who is in on the joke and can't believe the Fool is getting away with his ruse." (One example given: Lieutenant Dan in Forrest Gump.) This character sees the Fool for what he is - and, if he's "stupid enough to try to interfere," he'll "get the brunt of the slapstick."

Compare Blithe Spirit.

So... there you go. Ten movie plots, as proposed by Blake Snyder in Save the Cat!

This summary is of one chapter in:

Save the Cat! The Last Book on Screenwriting You'll Ever Need, by Blake Snyder. Michael Wiese Productions, 2005

The Seven Basic Plots

Books on Trope

Story Structure Architect

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Monster in the House

Out of the Bottle

Whydunit

Golden Fleece

Rites of Passage

Institutionalized

Buddy Love

Superhero

Dude with a Problem

The Fool Triumphant

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Monster in the House

Out of the Bottle

Whydunit

Golden Fleece

Rites of Passage

Institutionalized

Buddy Love

Superhero

Dude with a Problem

The Fool Triumphant

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